Kansas State University CIS 636 & 736 Intermediate Topics 2 of 2 Computer Animation: Survey and Intro Reading: chapter 21 of the textbook Lab: None Slides by Rotenberg (UCSD) and Gooch (Northwestern)
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Kansas State University CIS 636 & 736 Intermediate Topics 2 of 2 Computer Animation: Survey and Intro Reading: chapter 21 of the textbook Lab: None Slides.
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Slide 1
Kansas State University CIS 636 & 736 Intermediate Topics 2
of 2 Computer Animation: Survey and Intro Reading: chapter 21 of
the textbook Lab: None Slides by Rotenberg (UCSD) and Gooch
(Northwestern)
Slide 2
Prerequisites CIS 636 Familiarity with: Vectors (dot products,
cross products) Matrices (4x4 homogeneous transformations) Polygon
rendering Basic lighting (normals, Gouraud, Phong) OpenGL,
Direct3D, Java3D, or equivalent C++ or Java Object oriented
programming Basic physics Source: CSE 169, Computer Animation, UC
San Diego Winter, 2006 Rotenberg, S. & Jarosz, W.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Slide 3
Topics in CGA 1. Introduction 2. Skeletons 3. Quaternions 4.
Skinning 5. Facial Animation 6. Advanced Skinning 7. Channels &
Keyframes 11. Animation Blending 12. Inverse Kinematics 1 13.
Inverse Kinematics 2 14. Locomotion 15. Particle Systems 16. Cloth
Simulation 17. Collision Detection 18. Rigid Body Physics Source:
CSE 169, Computer Animation, UC San Diego Winter, 2006 Rotenberg,
S. & Jarosz, W.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Slide 4
Angel Games
Slide 5
Computer Animation Overview Source: CSE 169, Computer
Animation, UC San Diego Winter, 2006 Rotenberg, S. & Jarosz, W.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Slide 6
Applications Special Effects (Movies, TV) Video Games Virtual
Reality Simulation, Training, Military Medical Robotics,
Animatronics Visualization Communication Source: CSE 169, Computer
Animation, UC San Diego Winter, 2006 Rotenberg, S. & Jarosz, W.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Slide 7
Computer Animation Kinematics Physics (a.k.a. dynamics,
simulation, mechanics) Character animation Artificial intelligence
Motion capture / data driven animation Source: CSE 169, Computer
Animation, UC San Diego Winter, 2006 Rotenberg, S. & Jarosz, W.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Slide 8
Animation Process while (not finished) { MoveEverything();
DrawEverything(); } Interactive vs. Non-Interactive Real Time vs.
Non-Real Time Source: CSE 169, Computer Animation, UC San Diego
Winter, 2006 Rotenberg, S. & Jarosz, W.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Slide 9
Character Rigging Skeleton Skin Facial Expressions Muscles
Secondary motion: fat, hair, clothing Source: CSE 169, Computer
Animation, UC San Diego Winter, 2006 Rotenberg, S. & Jarosz, W.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Slide 10
Character Animation Keyframe Animation Motion Capture Inverse
Kinematics Locomotion Procedural Animation Artificial Intelligence
Source: CSE 169, Computer Animation, UC San Diego Winter, 2006
Rotenberg, S. & Jarosz, W.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Slide 11
Character Animation Source: CSE 169, Computer Animation, UC San
Diego Winter, 2006 Rotenberg, S. & Jarosz, W.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Physics Simulation Source: CSE 169, Computer Animation, UC San
Diego Winter, 2006 Rotenberg, S. & Jarosz, W.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Slide 14
Animation Tools Maya 3D Studio Lightwave Filmbox Blender Many
more Source: CSE 169, Computer Animation, UC San Diego Winter, 2006
Rotenberg, S. & Jarosz, W.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Slide 15
Animation Production Conceptual Design Production Design
Modeling Materials & Shaders Rigging Blocking Animation
Lighting Effects Rendering Post-Production Source: CSE 169,
Computer Animation, UC San Diego Winter, 2006 Rotenberg, S. &
Jarosz, W. http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Slide 16
Resolution & Frame Rates Video: NTSC: 720 x 480 @ 30 Hz
(interlaced) PAL: 720 x 576 @ 25 Hz (interlaced) HDTV: 720p: 1280 x
720 @ 60 Hz 1080i: 1920 x 1080 @ 30 Hz (interlaced) 1080p: 1920 x
1080 @ 60 Hz Film: 35mm: ~2000 x ~1500 @ 24 Hz 70mm: ~4000 x ~2000
@ 24 Hz IMAX: ~5000 x ~4000 @ 24-48 Hz Note: Hz (Hertz) = frames
per second (fps) Note: Video standards with an i (such as 1080i)
are interlaced, while standards with a p (1080p) are progressive
scan Source: CSE 169, Computer Animation, UC San Diego Winter, 2006
Rotenberg, S. & Jarosz, W.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Slide 17
Rendering There are many ways to design a 3D renderer The two
most common approaches are: Traditional graphics pipeline Ray-based
rendering With the traditional approach, primitives (usually
triangles) are rendered into the image one at a time, and complex
visual effects often involve a variety of different tricks With
ray-based approaches, the entire scene is stored and then rendered
one pixel at a time. Ray based approaches can simulate light more
accurately and offer the possibility of significant quality
improvements, but with a large cost In this class, we will not be
very concerned with rendering, as we will focus mainly on how
objects move rather than how they look Source: CSE 169, Computer
Animation, UC San Diego Winter, 2006 Rotenberg, S. & Jarosz, W.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse169_w06/
Slide 18
Animation Animate = to give life to Specify, directly or
indirectly, how thing moves in time and space Tools Source: CS 395,
Computer Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 19
Two main categories Computer-assisted animation 2D & 2 1/2
D Inbetweening Inking, virtual camera, managing data, etc Computer
generated animation Low level techniques Precisely specifying
motion High level techniques Describe general motion behavior
Source: CS 395, Computer Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006
Gooch, A. http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 20
Low level techniques Shape interpolation (in-betweening) Have
to know what you want Source: CS 395, Computer Animation,
Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 21
High level techniques Generate motion with set of rules or
constraints Physically based motion
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~job/Projects/SoundGen/video.html
Source: CS 395, Computer Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006
Gooch, A. http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 22
Abstraction Animator colors each pixel to Tell computer to make
movie about a dog Source: CS 395, Computer Animation, Northwestern
U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 23
Perception of Animations Playback rate Sampling or update rate
TV: 30 images/second Sat Morning Cartoons: 6 different images per
second Each image repeated five times Source: CS 395, Computer
Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 24
Heritage of Animation Persistence of vision: discovered about
1800s Zoetrope or wheel of life Flip-book Source: CS 395, Computer
Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 25
Heritage of Animation Camera to make lifeless things move
Meleis 1890 using simple tricks Emil Cohl (1857-1938, French)
Source: CS 395, Computer Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006
Gooch, A. http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 26
Heritage of Animation J. Stuart Blackton (American) Meet Thomas
Edison in 1895 Combine drawing and file: The Enchanted Drawing Six
years later: Humorous Phases of Funny Faces Animated smoke in 1900;
First animated cartoon in 1906 Source: CS 395, Computer Animation,
Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 27
Heritage of Animation First celebrated Animator Winsor McCay
(American) Little nemo Gertie the Dinosaur (1914) Source: CS 395,
Computer Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 28
Heritage of Animation First major technical development John
Bray /Earl Hurd (1910) Translucent cels (short for celluloid) in
compositing multiple layers Use of grey scale (as opposed to
B&W) Color short in 1920 John Randolph Bray'sColonel Heeza
Lair. Source: CS 395, Computer Animation, Northwestern U.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 29
Heritage of Animation Out of Brays studio Max Fleischer (Betty
Boop,, Popeye) Patented rotoscoping in 1915 Draing images on cells
by tracing over previously recorded live action Paul Terry
(Terrytoons: Mighty Mouse) George Stallings(?) Walter Lantz (Woody
Woodpecker) Source: CS 395, Computer Animation, Northwestern U.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 30
Heritage of Animation Animation as an art form First animated
character with personality Felix the cat by Otto Messmer (1920s)
Force to reckoned with Sound and Walt Disney Source: CS 395,
Computer Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 31
Disney: Animation as an art form Innovations Story board to
review story Pencil sketch to review motion Multi-plane camera
stand Color (not first to use color) Sound! Steamboat Willie (1928)
Source: CS 395, Computer Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006
Gooch, A. http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 32
Multiplane Camera Move scene layers independently of camera
http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Club/9199/Animation/Disney_Multiplane.html
Slide 33
MGM and Warner Brothers, etc. Source: CS 395, Computer
Animation, Northwestern U.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 34
Other Media Animation Computer animation is often compared to
stop motion animation Puppet animation Willis OBrian (King Kong)
Ray Harryhausen (Might joe Yong, Jason and the Argonauts) Source:
CS 395, Computer Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 35
Other Media Animation Claymation Pinhead animation Sand
animation Physical object is manipulated, image captured, repeat
Source: CS 395, Computer Animation, Northwestern U.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 36
Hierachy of film/animation Presentation Act Scene Shot Frame
Source: CS 395, Computer Animation, Northwestern U.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 37
Production of Animation Preliminary story Story board Detailed
story Key Frames Test shot Pencil test Inbetweening Inking Coloring
Computer Animation basically follows this pipeline Source: CS 395,
Computer Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 38
Computer Animation as Animation Lasseter translated principles
of animation as articulated by two of Nine Old Men of Disney to
computer animation Lasseter is conventionally trained animator
Worked at Disney before going to Pixar Many celebrated animations
Knick-knack (oscar-winning) Source: CS 395, Computer Animation,
Northwestern U. http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 39
Short History of Computer Animation In Research labs NYIT Still
frame from Gumby animation by Hank Grebe and Dick Lundin,
1984.
Slide 40
In Research Labs University of Utah Films on walking and
talking figure Animated hand and animated face (1972) University of
Pennsylvania Human figure animation (Norm Badler) Cornell
University architectural walk-throughs (Don Greenberg) Source: CS
395, Computer Animation, Northwestern U.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 41
History of Computer Animation 1974: Hunger by Rene Jodoin and
Peter Foldes 2.5D system, object interpolation Source: CS 395,
Computer Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 42
Current activity Centers University of Toronto's Computer
Science Department Simon-Fraser University's Graphics and
Mulitmedia Research Lab Georgia Tech's Graphics Visualization and
Usability Center Brown Computer Graphics Group Ohio State
University's ACCAD Ohio State University's Department of Computer
and Information Science George Washington University Graphics Group
UC San Diego's Department of Computer Science and Engineering
University of North Carolina's Computer Science Department MIT's
Media Lab MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science University of
Wisconsin at Madison Source: CS 395, Computer Animation,
Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 43
History of Film & Video Companies Mathematical Applications
Group, Inc. (MAGI) Information International Inc. (III, or
Triple-I) Digital Production Digital Effects Image West Robert Abel
and Associates Cranston-Csuri. Source: CS 395, Computer Animation,
Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 44
Current Companies Pixar Industrial Light and Magic (ILM)
Pacific Data Images (PDI) Disney Xaos Rhythm & Hues Digital
Domain Lamb & Company Metrolight Studios Boss Film Studios
deGraf/Wahrman R/Greenberg Associates Blue Sky Productions Sony
Pictures Cinesite Imageworks Apple.. Source: CS 395, Computer
Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 45
Animations that paved the way Pixar Luxo Jr. (1986) first
computer animation to be nominated for an Academy Award Red's Dream
(1987) Tin Toy (1988) first computer animation to win an Academy
Award Knick Knack (1989) Source: CS 395, Computer Animation,
Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 46
Early CG in film Future World (1976) Star Wars (1977) Lawnmower
man (1992, Xaos, Angel Studios) Hollywoods view of VR Tron (1982,
MAGI) Supposed to look like a computer The Last Starfighter (1984)
Use CG in place of models Willow (1988, ILM) Morphing video First
digital blue screen matte extraction Howard the Duck (1986, ILM)
First wire removal The Abyss (1989, ILM) Source: CS 395, Computer
Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 47
More early CG in film Jurassic Park (1993, ILM) Forest Gump
(1994, Digital Domain) Insert CG ping pong ball Babe (1995, Rhythm
& Hues) Move mouths of animals & fill in background Toy
Story (1995, Pixar & Disney) First full length fully CG 3D
animation Source: CS 395, Computer Animation, Northwestern U.
Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 48
Early CG on TV Reboot (1995, Limelight Ltd. BLT Productions)
Similar intention of inside computer First fully 3D Sat. morning
cartoon Babylon 5 (1995) Routinely used CG models as regular
features Simpsons (1995 PDI) Source: CS 395, Computer Animation,
Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 49
Resources Milestones of the animation industry in the 20th
Century http://www.awn.com/mag/issue4.10/4.10pages/cohen
milestones.php3 http://www.awn.com/mag/issue4.10/4.10pages/cohen
milestones.php3 http://www.fact-
index.com/a/an/animation.html#History%20of%20Animat ion
http://www.fact-
index.com/a/an/animation.html#History%20of%20Animat ion Brief
History of NYIT Computer Graphics Lab
http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~ph/nyit/masson/nyit.html
http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~ph/nyit/masson/nyit.html Source: CS 395,
Computer Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 50
Resources (cont.) Timeline from Brown Animation class
http://www.cs.brown.edu/courses/cs229/animTimeline.html
In-betweening
http://alpha.luc.ac.be/~lucp1112/research/CA2001/results.html
Source: CS 395, Computer Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006
Gooch, A. http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 51
Credits/Resources Rick Parent
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~parent/book/Intr.html
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~parent/book/outline.html Americas
Story http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-
bin/page.cgi/sh/animation/blcktn_2
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-
bin/page.cgi/sh/animation/blcktn_2 Source: CS 395, Computer
Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 52
Character Animation Control motion of articulated limbs
Skeletal-muscle-skin models Facial animation Representation and
Animation of surface detail Hair Clothes Source: CS 395, Computer
Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006 Gooch, A.
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/
Slide 53
Utah CG History
http://silicon-valley.siggraph.org/text/MeetingNotes/Utah.html
Source: CS 395, Computer Animation, Northwestern U. Summer, 2006
Gooch, A. http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~animation/