-
yEV oG #ob}oGGyEV oG #ob}oGGyEV oG #ob}oGGyEV oG #ob}oGGyEV oG
#ob}oGG
}}GG}}GG}}GG}}GG}}GG
zmy } }moiG. zM. N~Szmy } }moiG. zM. N~Szmy } }moiG. zM. N~Szmy
} }moiG. zM. N~Szmy } }moiG. zM. N~Se}V, #oGlme}V, #oGlme}V,
#oGlme}V, #oGlme}V, #oGlm
K Ul yO NG}GK Ul yO NG}GK Ul yO NG}GK Ul yO NG}GK Ul yO
NG}GoGGCTeg NFoGoGGoGGCTeg NFoGoGGoGGCTeg NFoGoGGoGGCTeg
NFoGoGGoGGCTeg NFoGoGG]zoGlmi (^DG)]zoGlmi (^DG)]zoGlmi
(^DG)]zoGlmi (^DG)]zoGlmi (^DG)
o ~~fyGzM \ 627 602o ~~fyGzM \ 627 602o ~~fyGzM \ 627 602o
~~fyGzM \ 627 602o ~~fyGzM \ 627 602g}GjPE jb \ SM Bb}S[FoGGg}GjPE
jb \ SM Bb}S[FoGGg}GjPE jb \ SM Bb}S[FoGGg}GjPE jb \ SM
Bb}S[FoGGg}GjPE jb \ SM Bb}S[FoGG
`^i : 04634 \ 74543`^i : 04634 \ 74543`^i : 04634 \ 74543`^i :
04634 \ 74543`^i : 04634 \ 74543
-
NG} UVSm}GGNG} UVSm}GGNG} UVSm}GGNG} UVSm}GGNG} UVSm}GGK Ul yO
NG}GK Ul yO NG}GK Ul yO NG}GK Ul yO NG}GK Ul yO NG}Gg}GjPE \ 627
602,g}GjPE \ 627 602,g}GjPE \ 627 602,g}GjPE \ 627 602,g}GjPE \ 627
602,SM Bb}S[FoGGSM Bb}S[FoGGSM Bb}S[FoGGSM Bb}S[FoGGSM
Bb}S[FoGG
NSoG NG}NSoG NG}NSoG NG}NSoG NG}NSoG NG}o[G 1990 \ 5000 m`Go[G
1990 \ 5000 m`Go[G 1990 \ 5000 m`Go[G 1990 \ 5000 m`Go[G 1990 \
5000 m`G
nPpG NG}nPpG NG}nPpG NG}nPpG NG}nPpG NG}ol| 1999 \ 5000 m`Gol|
1999 \ 5000 m`Gol| 1999 \ 5000 m`Gol| 1999 \ 5000 m`Gol| 1999 \
5000 m`G
G DyoGGG moD, }G NMyn }GmoG DyoGGG moD, }G NMyn }GmoG DyoGGG
moD, }G NMyn }GmoG DyoGGG moD, }G NMyn }GmoG DyoGGG moD, }G NMyn
}GmoNomGzM.NomGzM.NomGzM.NomGzM.NomGzM.oGGCTeg NFoGoGGoGGCTeg
NFoGoGGoGGCTeg NFoGoGGoGGCTeg NFoGoGGoGGCTeg NFoGoGG ]zoGlmi (^DG)
o ~~fyGzM \ 627 602 ]zoGlmi (^DG) o ~~fyGzM \ 627 602 ]zoGlmi (^DG)
o ~~fyGzM \ 627 602 ]zoGlmi (^DG) o ~~fyGzM \ 627 602 ]zoGlmi (^DG)
o ~~fyGzM \ 627 602g}GjPE jb \ S M Bb}S[FoGGg}GjPE jb \ S M
Bb}S[FoGGg}GjPE jb \ S M Bb}S[FoGGg}GjPE jb \ S M Bb}S[FoGGg}GjPE
jb \ S M Bb}S[FoGG
#oGlm #NzDG :#oGlm #NzDG :#oGlm #NzDG :#oGlm #NzDG :#oGlm #NzDG
:oGGCTeg NFoG NG}GoGGCTeg NFoG NG}GoGGCTeg NFoG NG}GoGGCTeg NFoG
NG}GoGGCTeg NFoG NG}G^DG b . 32^DG b . 32^DG b . 32^DG b . 32^DG b
. 32oGz o[ \ ]U 45341 \ 0032 GG. GD. v ( #oGlm)oGz o[ \ ]U 45341 \
0032 GG. GD. v ( #oGlm)oGz o[ \ ]U 45341 \ 0032 GG. GD. v (
#oGlm)oGz o[ \ ]U 45341 \ 0032 GG. GD. v ( #oGlm)oGz o[ \ ]U 45341
\ 0032 GG. GD. v ( #oGlm)
-
#MyoGG:#MyoGG:#MyoGG:#MyoGG:#MyoGG: :yEV oG #ob} }GGj :yEV oG
#ob} }GGj :yEV oG #ob} }GGj :yEV oG #ob} }GGj :yEV oG #ob} }GGj
fyG}GS[oG K UlyO fmlMy
#ol noGG :` Nol 24, 1921:`Nol 24, 1921:`Nol 24, 1921:`Nol 24,
1921:`Nol 24, 1921
yEV oG #ob} }GGxfy GG :flj 21, 1969:flj 21, 1969:flj 21,
1969:flj 21, 1969:flj 21, 1969}GGx noGG FP} S}coGG :flj
20,1969(#oGlm):flj 20,1969(#oGlm):flj 20,1969(#oGlm):flj
20,1969(#oGlm):flj 20,1969(#oGlm)
DDoGG }TUoG FGBnoGG :` Nol 24,1989:`Nol 24,1989:`Nol
24,1989:`Nol 24,1989:`Nol 24,1989
GDyGDyGDyGDyGDy#MyoGG
N~}m oGG
yOG
J^SmWoGG
GGfyoGG m_Myy (GGfyoGGG)
yEGGfyoGG
1. yEGGfy N~}BoGG
2. yEGGfy DG
3. yEGGfy #oGG
yEV oG #ob} }GGx }myz.
yEV oG #ob} }GGx G.
1. }jTyoGGGzM oG}G o| Sy FGox m~zG
2. DoGGNS #G BGoGGT oGy oG}E ^o
3. K Ul yO fm}G oGNFMy NGoGGG zfG
4. K Ul yOfml Fq}oGG Z oGGGezG vGo_My [GjzG.
5. K Ul yO UD oGUoGG GG }G
6. K Ul yOfml oGUo DP}oGG \ FP}oGG
7. }GzG NSoGoGGfy NSGxjT mEzMzG DB fQ D
oGGeoG TS #FoGGG.
8. FPFmgy N~}
}}GG #GBooGGG}}GG #GBooGGG}}GG #GBooGGG}}GG #GBooGGG}}GG
#GBooGGG
-
N~}mm oGGN~}mm oGGN~}mm oGGN~}mm oGGN~}mm oGG
""Po[Go ob bPo[Go SGF| Drb Po[GoPo[Go Sme NSoG Po[Go
Po[Go D}P oGG S[o S[om
"" o[ E, o[ NzM, DUTS}GG tDUGG o[CboGG, SDS o[. NBGo
NBGom!NBGom!NBGom!NBGom!NBGom! m S[o m DoGDoGG o[.
m NBGom! "" #ob} #ob} #ob} #ob} #ob} }UDeoGGG D}P NoGG EGCx o
vfy mo! NBGo S[ozo D}TPGzm}mG,m}mG,m}mG,m}mG,m}mG, jy N y DG [G
DG,y DG [G DG,y DG [G DG,y DG [G DG,y DG [G DG, jy #jb o[ x#jb o[
x#jb o[ x#jb o[ x#jb o[ x m_MyG o[GoGG ~UDjy^oGG. G}G DDoGG}TUoGfyG
ntUG }TG oGGSG 1989 `NoljT l TG}G G_MyfyGjT Bb}S[F Bbx_MyjT}G DyoGG
NGlzmx oeMyfyoGGfy G}G GGm}G.
G #o } G #o } G #o } G #o } G #o } fyGl NomGG G YDGG, G z M , F
My , Cb o GGG YDGG, G z M , F My , Cb o GGG YDGG, G z M , F My , Cb
o GGG YDGG, G z M , F My , Cb o GGG YDGG, G z M , F My , Cb o GG
moGGx G ~S G ~S G ~S G ~S G ~S SaoGG~zGGmG.
]! m NBGom, ]! m NBGom, ]! m NBGom, ]! m NBGom, ]! m NBGom, G
Y}PnzM. SGjT ~GGGG Ng {yVlx, }G G DyoGGG SGo Ng {yVlxY}PnzM. DoGD ,
oGUoG, DGGG G {yVl[y SGG fmy! ]! D}TPGz NBGo S[om G}G {yV}[]!
D}TPGz NBGo S[om G}G {yV}[]! D}TPGz NBGo S[om G}G {yV}[]! D}TPGz
NBGo S[om G}G {yV}[]! D}TPGz NBGo S[om G}G {yV}[lFGSGG, lFGSGG,
lFGSGG. G}G DSmmoGG GGom}G. G D}TP E SmP}m G}G oGoGGaGlFGSGG,
lFGSGG, lFGSGG. G}G DSmmoGG GGom}G. G D}TP E SmP}m G}G
oGoGGaGlFGSGG, lFGSGG, lFGSGG. G}G DSmmoGG GGom}G. G D}TP E SmP}m
G}G oGoGGaGlFGSGG, lFGSGG, lFGSGG. G}G DSmmoGG GGom}G. G D}TP E
SmP}m G}G oGoGGaGlFGSGG, lFGSGG, lFGSGG. G}G DSmmoGG GGom}G. G D}TP
E SmP}m G}G oGoGGaGoGGm}G.oGGm}G.oGGm}G.oGGm}G.oGGm}G. G yODSmmoGG
GGzGG. ]! NBGom! G D}P DOMy G moGoGG Fmgx #GNfyUzM.
SmDG!
yOGyOGyOGyOGyOG
oom$ oj fyG}GS[oG K UlyO fml G jT NtoGG }G Dy }oGG GG } GGmG.#x
oG #ob}oGGG fyGl, Nom[ m om fyG}GS[o }zo o}Gj K S[omY} fml[ Nt}[zM,
1989me G_MyfyG DoGGoGGSG KoGg. v[} UlyOfml[ }zMn. mjb o[S NfySoGGjT
#x oG #ob}oGGGfyGl QzM o}oGGG #n }G DyoGG }z_mxMy DGzM oGGCTeg
NFoGoGG n K voiG.. S[yi fmlMy m yOG GGGmG. mjb BMy NFSXT }G Nom Ngx
_y [GzmxMy DolzmxMy DGzMl_iysoz e Cl #oGlmjT G K om}. C. EGoiG m
UOSG}Py oSoGGG EGCGGGmG. DyoGGjTx x BbfyoGGG _y [GzmxMy DGzM m
o}GzG ]oiG. N~S, }G DyoGGG NGlzmxMyDGzM oGl }GG} tDUG m yOG GG GmG.
fyoGGjTGzM GfyG BbjTxMy }Gso [D}G DyoGGG NGlzmxMy DGzM DUTSl. Fmg
fmlMy m yOG GGGmG.
J^SmWoGGJ^SmWoGGJ^SmWoGGJ^SmWoGGJ^SmWoGG
-
#~Sm}oG Do}oG Ny.F 2000 jT oGoGG No[zmxMy yG n Do}oGGG oNo[G J.
BfigyoGGfmG,lXyoGGfmG, paG}oGGfmG, NyOg }oGGfmG, FPGGfyoGG, o[Gez
l~jT N~}BoGfyGx|oG S[FDGG BbGGm}G. D}TP S[ox NoyG, BeGG zfyEom}G
S[ox o[Gez l~G #fmS}aGGfyoGGG fyGl NoGGm}G. x[ USGoG S}aGGfyoGG,
}moG}meoGG #xGG, NyDG GGyV o[Gezl~ #x NyDoG. ooiG oGU l~ #x oGUaGGG
GGGm}G. jTyoGGG {[y DoGGoGG S[oxDDoGG u}|x oGGfyG}G oeG l~Ej}G.
#SG[y "" Zy Di N UGS oSg \ DeoGG (S[ozG){yV_[y ! mx GG #xx G
moGoGGT GGGm}G #x o[SoGGG m_MyGG.
o[SomyeoGGG D_MyfmG, DfmG yEGGfy #oGGG DGG. m_My GGfyoG
yEGGfmoGGGyEGGfy lGgx CTegeoGG SmP}m fyM KoGS BbfyoGG }GGG|Gn. mx
_My oo omerbeoGG oG oUG,jTG #GDl o[}Go[}Gfm o. yEGGfy #oGG fyGl
Bbfyo Dfm olGGn. (12o DVSoGG, 2o#SmeGoGG) NyOg}oG SG, g NyoGoGGfm
nfyCbl^o, N ly lDGjT #D}P oGGfyG om_My SmP}m#Gn oGGjT xx oGoGG
NfyUGGmoGG. yEGGfy #oGG yEV oG #ob} }GGx }myz oGGeoGD. NbGGfy #oGSG
NBGo K}moGNSGzG NeoG moGG o[Gez }mo G}meoGG ~G.SmPlGGfmoGSG BfyoGz
KyOGzG #ol, }TUoG }Gom ~zo oYGGG o[GezG S}al~fml. #S[SoGGfy NBGo
m}mGGzG ol #ob}oGGfy yEGGfy #oGSG yEV oG #ob} }GGzGfyNe oGfyGx
o[SoGG SmP}m oGoGG NfyUG GmoGG.
K o[SomeDGzG BbfyooGGjT (2o DVSoGG 7o #Sme 37o FTyoGG) yEV oG
#ob} }GGx }myz fyGlDQoGGfy EGCDGGmzG.
FmzG ony FmCboGG #BoOn nGx oG #zM Fm lCboGGT }myT #loGG NfyUoGGG
[}G NGgG DoGGoGG NBGo oo o[ Sm}TNBGo oo o[ Sm}TNBGo oo o[ Sm}TNBGo
oo o[ Sm}TNBGo oo o[ Sm}T oml oU #poGGfy BGMyno| G S}aoGGG Nm}oGG
[GGG. S}aoGGG Nm}oGG [GGG. S}aoGGG Nm}oGG [GGG. S}aoGGG Nm}oGG
[GGG. S}aoGGG Nm}oGG [GGG. 1969 flj 21 NSoGoGGfy oGGGezG NSGxjT
mG_My }T fyG}GS[oG K Ul yOfm}G #oGlmjTxmfT oGGjT NDGGzMzG S[ozG
l}oGGfm \ Fq} }oGGfy #xjT no|zG (FP} S}coGG)}G o[SomyeoGG }o[}|
zMn. Cb NoGGjT DB fQ D {y fy oGGSGfy }GGn DBn.fyzM }o Do}oGGGfy }G
fyGQmn GzM oG}GfyG [GzM DSmoGGG ND }Gom #x o[SoGGjTGzM oG}GfyG [GzM
DeoGGG GG} }Gom K Ul yOfm}G 1989 `Nol 24o }jTyoGG}TU oGe}G. n oG
EGz DBG, yEV oG }moGGjT }GGoPzM o[S omyeoGGG }G SoGGfm}o[}|zGG.
meGp}GQ lGG, nMy BGMy }mfy oGUoGT gl BG K Ul yO mEzGnMy BGMy }mfy
oGUoGT gl BG K Ul yO mEzGnMy BGMy }mfy oGUoGT gl BG K Ul yO mEzGnMy
BGMy }mfy oGUoGT gl BG K Ul yO mEzGnMy BGMy }mfy oGUoGT gl BG K Ul
yO mEzGoGGy #beDMy T }GGzG oGoGG o[GGmoGG.oGGy #beDMy T }GGzG oGoGG
o[GGmoGG.oGGy #beDMy T }GGzG oGoGG o[GGmoGG.oGGy #beDMy T }GGzG
oGoGG o[GGmoGG.oGGy #beDMy T }GGzG oGoGG o[GGmoGG. (BbfyooGG 2o
DVSoGG 7o #Sme 38o FTyoGG.) yEGGfy #oGGjT fQ DG fyOUoGGjT DoGG NG
S[ox t}GG o|l}G. NBGP #nm}oGG vGzMmG [gMy olzG, Ex (D}TP E) fyGl o
uz ozST DoGGoGG NBGo D}TP mengfyNe oGfyGG. fyG mn o[D DoGGoGG
}oG}GGz[ D}TP Efm #lQzM Smxx yEV oG #ob} }GGzG }UDe }myz GSG GG }
GGmzG. Tn Do }oGG }PoGG DB }G D[ oG DoGDYDG, ~`eoGG xeP oGG oGoGG
oGUoG} zoGG oGjbSm}oGG. Bfyo 3:10 zG S[ox yO o yEV oG #ob} }GGx
fyGl U}fyoGGfy m_My[ DoGGoGG o|GGn. yEV oG#ob} }GGx oGUoGy}oG }myz
fyGlGG, BG #x G fyGlGG fyG}GS[o K UlyOfml oGGeTSmFoGGGG }G Dy
}oGGjT #nmx G oGDGT NGg GGmG. NBGo GGyV oGUoGGlfm olm_[y }G
jTyoGGjTx DyoGGxGG uz mo. Q_My #ob}oGGG fyGl NomGG S[ozG
-
SGT #GoG gGGfmy. K Ul yOfml NMyGG olG oG Y}mPSoGG }[y! #S[
DoGGoGG }G DyoGGGBMyT, FmPDoGGT G NtoGT nzG YDGG yGfyGG. vT NFSfy
}G DyoGGG}GGQ_MyMyx }G xjT vT G lGGz oG|G. oGoGG oo oNGo[G. SGo}GG
GGoGx GoGGT GGGmoGG.
GGfyoGG m_My y (GGfyoGGG)GGfyoGG m_My y (GGfyoGGG)GGfyoGG m_My y
(GGfyoGGG)GGfyoGG m_My y (GGfyoGGG)GGfyoGG m_My y (GGfyoGGG)
o[SomyeoGGG GGfyoGG mlGg fyGl olGG. ( G}moGG, oGBb}oGG, oGGDaOg
oGGfyGt}VS.) o[SoGGG #GDl }G m_My NoGG DeGGfy #oGG N~}BoG yEGGfy
#oGG oGGzGG.
KoGS BbfyooGGjT o[SomeD oGUl GGfyoGG mlGgx }G NMyn SoGGfy
jMyVGGmzG. (3o DVSoGG11o #Sme 18o FTyoGG.) mGfyG GGfyoGGG.
DeGGfyoGG, NbGGfyoGG, SmP}GGfyoGG, yEGGfyoGG #x GozGG. #S[
o}GDjT}GG gl N~}BoGfyGG. {VyV o}GDjTx oGGoGG Do}oGGG 12000 o[Some
oGUl mjb U|lyT }G mGfyGGGfyoGGG }G NMyn SoGGfy B GGmzG.
BbooGG 3o DVSoGG 11o #Sme 19,20 FTyoGGjT QzM SoGGfmG, CTegFmc
Nm}oGGfmG (vzoGGzM N~}BoG zMo oGhG.)
DeGGfyoGGDeGGfyoGGDeGGfyoGGDeGGfyoGGDeGGfyoGG 1,000 + 2001,000 +
2001,000 + 2001,000 + 2001,000 + 200 = 1200 Do}oGGG= 1200 Do}oGGG=
1200 Do}oGGG= 1200 Do}oGGG= 1200
Do}oGGGNbGGfyoGGNbGGfyoGGNbGGfyoGGNbGGfyoGGNbGGfyoGG 2,000 +
4002,000 + 4002,000 + 4002,000 + 4002,000 + 400 = 2,400 = 2,400 =
2,400 = 2,400 = 2,400
SmP}GGfyoGGSmP}GGfyoGGSmP}GGfyoGGSmP}GGfyoGGSmP}GGfyoGG 3,000 +
6003,000 + 6003,000 + 6003,000 + 6003,000 + 600 = 3,600 = 3,600 =
3,600 = 3,600 = 3,600 yEGGf oGGyEGGf oGGyEGGf oGGyEGGf oGGyEGGf oGG
4,000 + 8004,000 + 8004,000 + 8004,000 + 8004,000 + 800 = 4,800 - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-= 4,800 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - -= 4,800 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - -= 4,800 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -= 4,800 - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -GGfyoGG
moGGoGGGGfyoGG moGGoGGGGfyoGG moGGoGGGGfyoGG moGGoGGGGfyoGG moGGoGG
=12,000 Do}oGGG- - - -=12,000 Do}oGGG- - - -=12,000 Do}oGGG- - -
-=12,000 Do}oGGG- - - -=12,000 Do}oGGG- - - -
zMGG "noeo}oGGG ol }G GGfyoGGx_MyMyx CTegFmc #yG }GG| GGm}G.
"noe # fmfy_Myo[ NmGomzG. #fm D}GezG #x #}oGG. m_My }GG #xGG NyOg
}oGGfy D}Gex #GDl fyMzMDo}oGGG. Do}oGGG 200, 400, 600, 800. {y
GGfyoGGGzM oGlGGy GGfyoGG o}GzG oGSeGDo}oGGG. n "GGfy DSe #x
GozGGn. DoGGoGGSG #x }yoGGj oGbm}oGGG lzGG.
NBGo KyOGzG }G jTyoGGG onE_MyzG yEGGfyoGG N~}BoGn. S}a}meoGGG
(DeGGfyoGGGjy o[Gez l~G) ~G D}TP mengfy yEV oG #ob} }GGzG }G jTyoGG
}mozoGGTyEGGfyoGG #oGfyGGn.
1921 `Nol 24o yEV oG #ob}}GGzGfy K Ul yO #ol noGGGzM yEGGfyoGG
oGGePoGGG ^fGxn. yEV }moGGjTx o[SomeD oGUl NooGGG }o[}G|G }GGn DBn.
oGoGG}GGzG GGfy DSejT oGmoGG. yE #x#x#x#x#x yzol p}GQ oGal zGy
oGoGG o[GGmoGG.
yEGGfyo GGyEGGfyo GGyEGGfyo GGyEGGfyo GGyEGGfyo GG BGG moGGG
o[SomyeoGGG mGfyG GGfyoGGGfy B GG. # DeGGfyoGG. NbGGfyoGG,
SmP}GGfyoGG, yEGGfyoGG #x GozGG. G}moGGG #GDl (4o BbfyoGG 24o
#SmeGoGG) "D GGoGzoGG #x GozG D GGG N oGzoGG SoGGj NoGG oGSe
(NSoGzoGGjT) NoGG [GGGx NoGG oGSe # ozG {y GGfyoGG GGyV N~}BoGGG
fmx GGfmoGGG fmx DGG.
ii iii. yEGGfy N~}BoGG. yEGGfy N~}BoGG. yEGGfy N~}BoGG. yEGGfy
N~}BoGG. yEGGfy N~}BoGG :::::
-
KoGS BbfyooGG 12o DVSoGG 2o #SmeGoGG 31\34 FTyoGGG. }GGQ_My
GGfyoG yEGGfy N~}BoGGGolGG.
D GG oGzoGG o NoGGG Sm_MyzG yEGGfyoGG N~}BoGfyGG. #Q_MyGzM 1200
Do}oGGGyEGGyV nye DPQoGGfy ozGG. D GG oGzoGG o NoGGG Sm_My }P ~'z
NoGGG [}GxzGyE D} oGGG yEGGzGG. DoGGoGG }mC SGx oYGG l~ #g pNooGGfy
ozGG. noGG[ NBGo KyOGzG }oGG ( paG jTyoGG) oG. #z[ yEGGfy nye
N~}BoGn. 4000Do}oGG }Gom yOGGfyoGG oGh N~}BoGfyGG.
SoGGfy NBGo KyOGzG xomDoG o}oGG }TUoG }T yEGGfyoGG N~}BoGn. DGG
oGzoGG o NoGG GzM }P ~'z NoGG o$hzG KyOGx[ ~zM o[Gez S}a}meoGGm_My
yE FMy UGzGeG. jx Gz KyOGx S}a~zGfy GG #yl ozzMom}G m}G. KyOGzG
o}oGG}TUoG }Gom 2000 Do}oGG }G jTyoGGjT jbV}oGG, ~oGG, #oeyDg
DBG.
i ii ii ii ii i. yEGGfy DG . yEGGfy DG . yEGGfy DG . yEGGfy DG .
yEGGfy DG :::::
G}moGG, KoGS BbfyooGG, lFGS NfySoGG (G) oGGfyG o[SoGGG yEGGfy
#oGG fyGlNoGG. G}moGGjT (4o BbfyoGG 24o #SmeGoGG 70o FTyoGG) {y
DoGGoGG }mS}G }G BGx~ES}G. omlMy DToGGn ozSG. T^Nnj, vz jbbV}oGGT
xzM, BMyUGj #DeoGGG EyzMomlfy oSG}G. om}G NDG, G, GoG SG}G. om}G
Ffi}eoGG jx om} oSG}G. om}G #BoOn n o[zM ^oSG}G. om}G moG j #g DPQ
#GGGG yEoSG}G. jTyoGGjTx }meoGGx_Myx {[y }meoGGfy @ye}mxNGgGSG}G.
oml S}T[ om}G #mfylj o[GG|jbfy Nool mjb oGnx mFoGG [GGSG}G.
DoGGoGG S}aoGG M^oG. SoGG, D yE Gj o fyomlfy lfyM zGSG}G.
oGjoGbDMy fyom}Gfy vzGSG}G. moGo[G SoGG #x vzGG. SoGG x[| oDGo fm[
lfyMzGG.#DeoGGj DoGD ome~}oGG oGoG ozGG.
N oGG oNo[G NbUaG fyG}Gfm oGn. B}oGGG, fyG oNo[G DG [oGoGG,
DGgMy Sm}oGGfyoGn. #meGo[G Sm}oGGfy oGn. jbbV}oGG, SGFG,
x}GSTefyoGG oGoG oGn. ~oGG[D yzGfyGG[G FGy} NMyG #x Bb[ }TE.
^oGloGG #NFS ~pPyoGzGG. S}aoGG [GG_[y ZyyoGoGGfy ozGG. oG oGGG
Slom}G oGom}Gfy lfyMzGSG}G. yoGGT xzM oGGGez[ ffi}zGG.oljT oGz
oGGGez[ }m #fyGG. ([}oGGG [GG, jbbV}oGG, fyOUoGGG oGGfyG om_MyMy
SG}GS[FeoGGTx oGG_MyG oGGfyG vVofyGG.) GG o~}GGfy oSG}G. oml GGG
moGG }o GzM }ooGzGDo}oGG zGG. olMy ooG D}PmFoGG o} ^oSG}G.
G}moGG 6o BbfyoGG 1o #SmeGoGG uz oGlx yEGGfy DG EG CGGGn.
yEGGfyoGGjTCbg, oG BSoGGG fmx, fTN BSoGGG fmx z}G. o[SoGGjT Q
SoGGfy E }GGoPzoGG fmx, oG }oG m}oGGGGfmx ~_My}G. omUoGGG o[SoGGG
#GDl lzo. fyG}G Ge bSoeoGG ozSG. Bb}meB} #GSoGGNyoGoG SgjT ozSG. #
SmP}m lz[ ~}}e m}oGGG lzo. Cbg fyGl _My jy Ffi}eoGGGfyom}[
l~EGSG}G. omoGGG lG zMG yG SoG[ vGSG}G. yEGGfyoGGjT "Fm|bzG #G o[y
TGzSG. Ng {yV}G #GS[ omlMy o[SoGGfm ozGG. "m$ oGGfyG S[oG (FMy)
zGSG}G.G oG #SoGG fyGl fylPGSG}G. zo oNzGyG oNo[G #SoGGfmG, fylPS
GoGGfmG vzGG.yEGGfy oGGjT NDG oG B}G onE }}GG ozM oGhSG}G.
yEGGfyoGGjT NG paG }GfyGSGy jTyDSoG D~ST[ DMy SG}G. omG zo. DSm GG
DGG jy yE, y}Go #Gom_MyTbSzGGSG}G. G _Myfy ozM, mjboGn G y vVo fm
bSzG, }zG [GT G fTVo_m}G. l~G G vVo G nGSG}G. FNSGG DmeDGGjbfy
#fyzGSG}G. SD~Sy mjboGn
-
fTSGoGG z[ S[FoGG oGhSG}G.S}aoGG (SoPoGG) NyoGoGGfy M ^oGzG o
yEGGfyoGG FMyx vVofy GG. SoPoGG jx
oGoGG #BoOn nn CbxMy yzG lzG oGG #g DGoGGjT oSx Nfy UGzM.oGG #g
DGoGGjT oSx Nfy UGzM.oGG #g DGoGGjT oSx Nfy UGzM.oGG #g DGoGGjT oSx
Nfy UGzM.oGG #g DGoGGjT oSx Nfy UGzM. #x GNBGoG, D}TP }GGzGG #}GG
m}mGGx oG}^}GGG, #NFS oUG, o[SoGGjT jx om_Myx GGzGG yEGGfy #oGG
o|GGSx GDGGzM. vSGyfm yEGGfyoGGjT DOy} #}GG NBGo m}mGGxGG }G. SDl G
(i o_My) SlGSG}G. GjT NtoG #GS[ ozSG.
KoGS BbfyooGG 12o DVSoGG 2o #SmeGoGG uz yEGGfy DG fyGl No GGn.
DeoGG, g,DUoGG, yO, ooGG, oGG, CbyFMy oGGfyG NyoGoGGfy MGG. {y
oGGGex #nm}oGGG ffi}ooGGG GGSoGG[ Sfy omzGSG}G. So[G oGoGGG
meGoGnfy x}}GGGG. B} Bb}e oGSe Fq} DSoGG oNo[GoGn. oGG oNo[G NbUaG
fyG}Gfy oGn. SzoGG, y}aoGG DmeDG fyG}Gfy o Gn. #xfyGmgFGoGGG fyGl
vo} _MyG}G. tS #meGoGG }GfyGG. #gfy ojbzo[G CboG xS}coGG#x [}TG #.
tSG #}mx om}Gfy vzGSG}G. o[Sm}GG oNo[G lFGSGGf vzGSG}G. ~oGG
[GGoNo[G N fyG}Gfy oGn.
S}NS[FoGGjT G SGG, GoG, p}N NS[FoGGx BbzGG. GG ESNzGG
fmx,J~SmeGGG fmx, fyG}GS[oG fmx ffi}}G. SoGGj oNzGy #y}G #SoGGfy
vzGG. yzGGxTozoGG fyGl[ oGGGezG jTGG. fy_Myfy o_mzM oj DeoGx,
GSm}oGx BbzGG. SoGGfyzGoGG vVozG oGz[ NSmGzx vzGG. m|}GGG,
UOSGoGGjx }mG GGzM SoGGG,G fGSG}G. n^G SfyG oG xomD DoGGG oSE, oD
o$h, y}oG oGGG fyzGSG}G.{ylT {y}G SjbzG oG, y}Go oG, }mG vVo fy G
nGyoG oG}MGSG}G. yET,SmUoGGT G}yoGG omeSGT bn zGSG}G. yEGGfyoGGjT
o}mNFoG S}aoGGG #SOFeoGfyGG. oml FmPDoGGjTGG mD fyGSG}G. }mG oG
BbSeG oG}GSG}G. Z m}oGG jyG GG #SoGGG GSG}G. fQCbgom}S}G Vo Cbg G
~}GGMy nfyCbl ^oSG}G. oG }oGGjT mjb fy ozGG. DmeD, GBDGxjbfy GG. B}
Bb}e o SGo[ SGoGfy BbGG. oO oGGxGG _Myfy ozGG. o[GoGGG moDo}oGGG
}GGoPo. oG}GG vVofy ozGG.
K oGS BbfyooGG (12o DVSoGG 3o #SmeGoGG 31\42 FTyoGGG.)
yEGGfyoGGjT GG NUDPSO yEom}GG, #SOUGGfmG, gzM^GGfmG, moG} yE om}G
fmG, tSG fmG oSG}G. G oeBm}GGfyol, {y }GGx Sfy} GzM y }GGx SfylMy
tDP|fy g}GfyGGSG}G. BMyUGG (S[ozG jx om}G) o[S omyeoGGGDGg oml
DPoGGfy BbooGGG GGSG}G. NbaGG uzm oG yzGG x TozoGGjT moG }GG|}o[}G|
TozoGGjT DMy yE oSG}G. NUam}GG boGG [D NooGGG }o[}|y #NGfyGSG}G.
GDGGDmeDGGjbfy B oGG vGSG}G. oNGG #zojT, ^ojT ozy NfmoGoGGjT
xoDGGSG}G. DmeDGGSmF yEoSG}G.
G #gfy BToGG [GGSG}G. V G y_m}G. DfyGjx om}Gfy ozM mjb ylGj {ylT
{y}G^_mzGGSG}G. ome~}DGG oG omMe Ex o }GG }GG oD zG D~nG}G. GG
UoGGG DUoGG #ylG}G. J~SmeGGG oG EGx GoGGG BTnG}G. y}Go oG, moGoGG
oG,my^ozoGG oG, #g oO oG, #moO oG, l~G #gfy GG nG oG, GG
[ySGeoGGGjbfyG, BoGGGjbfyG #fyGzGSG}G. yEGGfyoGGjT mjb DPQ zGTD oml
tDUGG DUoGGS[PG}G. oG ~P}loG F TD oG ESNzGG, G uz oSEGSG}G.
oG Bb}oGG (#}e }PoGG) jT, Na}moGGjT fy} DU, DVS }moGG, yEV
}moGGoGGfyG om_MyGSGG yEGGfy DG fyGl QzMGGn.
i i i. i i i. i i i. i i i. i i i. yEGGfy #oGG yEGGfy #oGG
yEGGfy #oGG yEGGfy #oGG yEGGfy #oGG
-
yEGGfy #oGG fyGl o[SomeD oGUl No GGmzG. yEGGfy #oGG lfy yEV oG
#ob}}GGx}myz Sm}zM oGn.
KoGS BbfyooGG 12o DVSoGG 2o #SmeGoGG 23\24 FTyoGGjT \ NBGo Ul
yEVoG #ob} }GGxfyS}a NBGofy S}cG| }Gom[ GG goGGG #fyGSG}G.
DeGGfyoGG ~zGG.
D}GezG, NSGzG \ OUDag NfyUoGGG y}mV}m jTMy {[y~l o|zG, oGzGG
{y~l eNSoGzoGGjTxMy o|zG yOGGfyoGG (DeGGfyoGG) N~}BzGG.
m CTegFmcNDoGG fyGl vVofy EGSG. N}mFG o}GQG #GDl DeGGfyoGG vzG
N~}BoGSx|oGGfy QjG. mx fQ S[ozG G bG K Ul yOfy 1969 flj 21o bqG
GG}Gxmzx oGySlMyGDG. BMyUGj GT vGo_My GGSoGGG [y x}mGGSGz KyOGzG Z
SoGGfy {lfm GGSXoGG [GoDo|ST #S[ SoGGfy oG fyG}G S[oG K Ul yO D}TP
a G yE FmPDoGG o fQ GGSXoGG [GGGmzG. SoGGfy yEV oG #ob}}GGx }myz
yEGGfyoGG Do oGfyGGSx DGGn. zG oGoGG DeGGfyoGGSml pGG GGfy DSejT
omoGG.
yEV oG #ob} }GGx }myzyEV oG #ob} }GGx }myzyEV oG #ob} }GGx
}myzyEV oG #ob} }GGx }myzyEV oG #ob} }GGx }myzNBGo m}mGGzG yV oG
#ob} }GGxfy #olGNBGo m}mGGzG yV oG #ob} }GGxfy #olGNBGo m}mGGzG yV
oG #ob} }GGxfy #olGNBGo m}mGGzG yV oG #ob} }GGxfy #olGNBGo m}mGGzG
yV oG #ob} }GGxfy #olG
US Dm S}aoGG GGyV #goGGe lFGS NfySoGG Bfyo . NBGo m}mGGzG DP
oo}oGGjTNeoGfyG DoGGoGGG fyGl NBGo[ BfyojT (4:7) QGGmzG.
GSm GSm U S}maDefm x}og Bb}#BGeb oGS}aDeSma DOCboGeUoiG
"" ] B}Gx oYGGzm! vzzG S}aoGG, oG}oG m}oGGG M #NyoGoG oGoGGG oS
NoGozGT DoGGoGG [[ no|SG. NBGo #ol DoGGoGG fyGl }GGyVz DQoGGfy
QzjSG. NBGo yEVoG #ob} }GGzG #ol DoGGoGG DQoGGfy KoGS Bbfyo oGGjT
12o DVSoGG 2o #SmeGoGG 12\16 FTyoGGjTQzM GGn.
yEGGfy #oGG jT D}PDO bUe}oGG yO SfyGG. o}mNFoG oG DSmoGGG ^oG.oo
DooGGjT o[So}oGGG lfy oG}GozGG. mDy oGoGGfy vzGG. Sfyj #ny BbfyoGG
}mGfy oSG}G.SfyEzoGG, #SoGGG G, #oD}oG jbbV}oGG o o oT~nfy oGn. #x
CbGG FNSGCbgjTx Vo ~}GGMy nfyCb}GG. FGoG o[GyG jbfy ozGG. paG GGG
}GG}G zm o zSG. omSoGGT G bSoeoGG oGGD^oG. G oGGyVG yO^oG. oO oGGG
oG}GfyGs jbfy yzGG. o[GoGGGoG}GT xzMGGzGG. fyOUoGGjT BMy DoGD^oG.
ooCbg fmzMS jbfy ozGG. DoGGoGG SoP D}TP}GGzG BG #olGG. N paG oG
oGDGG FMyT NMyG[GGG xe}meoGGG oGG.
NBGo GGyV }myz DoGGoGGG, Ne DoGGG KoGS BbfyooGG uz DGGn. (1
DVSoGG 3:25#SmeGoGG 12o DVSoGG 2:18 #SmeGoGG) GGfy DSejT DOMy NBGo
yEV oG #ob} }GGzGfy F NfmoGoGGjTxGFGx o}Gxfy xaGG.
}zG GGfyoGG GGfyDnjT DOy} yEV #ob}oGGfy F NfmoGoGGjTx GFGx
o}Gxfy xaGG. QzM FTyoGG }zG oGGeoG #FoGGG EG CGGGn.
(1) yEGGfy, DeGGfyoGG GGfy DSejT yEV oG #ob} }GGzG #olGG. yEGGfy
m _MyyG oGoGG
-
zG }zG GGfyoGG DSejT oGoGG omoGx DQoGGfy #n EGCGGGn. yEV oG
#ob}}GGzG#olG DoGGoGGG, #x NMyGG BbfyooGG 2o DVSoGG 7o #SmeGoGG 37o
FTyoGGjT o[SomeD oGUl DQoGGfyEG CGGGm}G.
S[o nP~oG xfyoG o}Gx xboiGl} oG UbBy #NnFe \ G}BUjTmi CboiG
oGgoGU #gNjTBoiG
@~oG SmG UG BDei o S}aoiG
FmNDG ony FmCboGG #BoOnX nGx oG #zM Fm lCboGGT }myT #l oGG
NfyUoGGG [}G NGgG DoGGoGG NBGo oo o[Sm}T oml oU #poGGfy BGMy o| G[
S}aoGGG Nm}oGG [GGG. SoGGfy NSoGoGGfy }GzG NSGxjT mG _MyN SoGoGGfy
}GzG NSGxjT mG _MyN SoGoGGfy }GzG NSGxjT mG _MyN SoGoGGfy }GzG
NSGxjT mG _MyN SoGoGGfy }GzG NSGxjT mG _My }T Dlfy #G mG G {y fy
oGGSGfy S[ozGG bG yEV oG #ob} }GGxfy GG}GG. (#oGlmjT flj 20.
Bb}S[FoGGjT flj 21) }TGzM NBGo oo }oGGjT ozM DP DSmoG "" S}aGoiG
NDGGmzG. oo o[yoGGTZ}Q}zM }G jTy oGoGG fyGl NDzG. (2) F NfmoGoGG n
GFGx o}Gxfy yEV oG #ob} }GGzG NeoGfyGG. }}GGG}PoGG DB om_Myx fyGl
DoGD }moGGjT Q GGzGG oGoGG GDGTomE. # }P #ob}oGGt}G, DoGGG |oGGfy E
GGm}G. mx }mTo #ob}oGGG fyGl NozG S[o}UDeoGGG #oD}oGG, S[ox
DyQoGGjT jx omlMy GG } zz mjb CbNfy oUoD GGn. #SG[y }mTo
#ob}oGGt}Gfmx aDoGG fyGl fmx NfyUG NoG o[S omyeoGGG mjb NFST SGooD
GGn. oG NBGo GGyV jTy Nm}oG NzM t}G S[o }mGe. G Bb} BbG #GDl GFGzG
#G t}GxMy zm jSG. ( S[o = Go }mGe = FGe) yEV oG #ob} }GGx aDoGG
fyGl o[SomeD oGl KoGSBbfyooGG 11o DVSoGG 5o #SmeGoGG 38\42 FTyoGGjT
Q GGm}G. yEGGfyoGGjT NBGo m}mGGx ozM[ om}G mjb noGn o_m}G. bNoG l n
N~oGGjT NSmzbNoG l n N~oGGjT NSmzbNoG l n N~oGGjT NSmzbNoG l n
N~oGGjT NSmzbNoG l n N~oGGjT NSmzS[FoGGjT S[FoGGjT S[FoGGjT
S[FoGGjT S[FoGGjT (SM Bb} S[FoGGjT) mjb DMyT NBGoG [ om}G #g DPQ
DejT[ o_m}G. mo[l, DSmNoG ofyn, ~jb} n #G oGl oGzG SGG #| NoUGGzGG.
GG BGfy DSm NGz omDGS[ox[(NBGo DS[FoGGG) Nbfmx GGSG}G. om}G oml D
~DGG, ~}GGx, ffi}ooGGG, S DSG, ESNzGG,tDUGG oGGfyG om_Myx_Myx
oSE_My NBGo oGGSGxMy oGG boGG l}oGGfy DoGlQGx oG oyNBGo }jTy Ul
GGyVUl GGyVUl GGyVUl GGyVUl GGyV yOG vzG fmoGG [GGGSG}G.
SoGGfy }GG yEV oG #ob}}GGx aDoGG Qzm bNoGl nT bG mo[l, ofy,~jb}
SGG DGoGGfy NoU[ DoGGfy Qy ozmE. S M Bb} S[FoGGjTx {[y {yV
}mNoGGjT[ #fm GmzGGmzGGmzGGmzGGmzGjT oNo[G QzM SGG #xGG NoUGG. yEV
oG #ob}}GGzG bNoGl p} N~oGGjTbNoGl p} N~oGGjTbNoGl p} N~oGGjTbNoGl
p} N~oGGjTbNoGl p} N~oGGjTxoD oD GGn.
yEV}moGG 2o #SmeGoGG 15o FTyoGGjT "" NBGo oo }oGGjT yEV oG #ob}
}GGxfy oSooDoGG(`Nol oGSejT GzM ol| oGSe o}) FGyoGG 12o }T
xaGG.
200 Do}oGG }PoGG ymeoljT (S M Bb}) {y Noy K oGGG _My ~PG #G t}G
jzG.#G jTy #oGG fyGl NBGo m}mGGzG o}zGfy #ol ToG fyGl #x a DoGG,
DoGGoGG,beoGG #x oFmo$, #xtDo #x_Myy oGl vVofy #x NG GeT bG oG}oGG
jz oGUoG}zoGG#G #FoGGG fyGl No GGmzG. Noy oGGCTeg NFoGoGG fyGl,
Q_My m}mGGx #ob} t}GG,o}Gx oGGjTx Z oGGe DG oSEz #x_Myx mjb DQoGGfy
NoGGmzG. "# g}G"# g}G"# g}G"# g}G"# g}G #G
-
DyoGGjT K oGGG _My ~PG ol }T fyGl, yEV oG #ob} }GGx fyGl NSmz Bb
#}GG GoGGjTmjb DQoGGfy NoGGmzG. m}mGGz[ Noy _Myx fyGl EGCDx #x #G}G
oGayoGG. "#}Gjiji#G #x oGlGGy DyoGGjT yEGGfy #oGGjT NBGo m}mGGz[ {y
~Sm} oGGGexfy }mooGG fyGlGG,#x aDoGG fyGlGG, #x oFmo$ fyGlGG, #x
NMyG fyGlGG, #G Z xomD DoGG GzM oG}oGGjz }jTyoGG oGUoGT No[GG
fyl|GG FmPDGG oGUoGjT pDGx oGhG fyl|GG mjbo}oGGfy QzMGGn.
mjb oGn US NoyG uz (Bb} S[F }mNoGGjT Ng }moGG GzM NoyG No GGm}G.
JSmU}J} NS[FoGGjTx ~i, }jTG DCi o}oGG n ~PG }moGNSm, NS NS[Fi n
K}NUafm}G, y}my n Do[FP} oGGfyGom}G) oml oml ~oG}eoGGG #GDl yEVoG
#ob} }GGzG {y}GzGfy S M Bb}S[FoGGGzM oG|x No GGm}G.
o[SomyeoGGG #GDl USoG NoyG, } oG NoyG (fiSoGoGG, ~oiG, DV, EGoiG
olGiNioGG) NooGGGDl lFGS NfySoG GG #GDl, yEV oG #o b} }GGzG 1921
`Nol 24o SM Bb}S[FoGGjTx [y} }moGGjT oGGm}jTx TjT #olx p}maxG
GmoGG. }m}m}m}m}mNoGGGz DGzj ozmiNoGGGz DGzj ozmiNoGGGz DGzj
ozmiNoGGGz DGzj ozmiNoGGGz DGzj ozmi NS[FoG
oGGS}GGoGGS}GGoGGS}GGoGGS}GGoGGS}GG moGG l~EG. (#}Gjiji 69o t) #x
@SoDg omzGfy KUl #olG. GmzG g}GjPE jb bNoGl p}oGG G oGGuVzji DGoGG
#GxoDG. DGmoGG GoGGjT }Gso [GzM yV oG }GoGGjT KoGS BbfyooGGjT QzM
FNfmoGo[G g}GjPE #x fyGl zMGGn.
#g}G ( t 231) jT NBGo m}mGGx t}G fyGl DQoGGfy QzM GGn. }m #G
BxMy~jbY} #[ o}GzMfy NBGo xaG. NBGo m}mGGx oGGS_My t}G ~jbY}. yEV
oG #ob} }GGxfyNBGo m}mGGx l t}G ~jbY} Ul oGGGyO. "#}Gjiji DyoGGjT
"Ul #G t}G uz NozMGGn.yEV #Gn NBGo m}mGGx oeMyfyoG t}G mSG. omoG
#ob}oGG, GS #ob}o GG jbfy yEV #ob}oGG "oom$~oGGG CtD #ob}oGG #x Smx
#}oGG. "yEV #[ t}GjT[ NBGo GGyV FMy jSG fmx "yEV GGyV t}GjT["yEV
GGyV t}GjT["yEV GGyV t}GjT["yEV GGyV t}GjT["yEV GGyV t}GjT[F MyF
MyF MyF MyF My on. 200 Do}oGG }PoGG K oGGG_My ~PG[ #n oG GG
}zMGGn.
yEV oG #ob} }GGx GyEV oG #ob} }GGx GyEV oG #ob} }GGx GyEV oG
#ob} }GGx GyEV oG #ob} }GGx G(K Ul yOfml)(K Ul yOfml)(K Ul yOfml)(K
Ul yOfml)(K Ul yOfml)
NBGo #ob}oGGjTx oGGeoS[FeoGGG fyGl Bfyo jT DQoGGfy QzMGGn. 4:8
""~SG DsGD}MG }G, SG}ma}GG mFoGG}G|G S}aoGGG jDfy ~G }G, [G Ng
GGfyoGGSGG#olGSGG.
NBGo Ng #ob} DoGGoGSGG oGzG oGGeoG BbSeG x}PUGGmzG. 1.DsGG
}MG,2.SGGG MG, 3.S}aoGGG ~G. NBGo #ob}oGGjTx oGGe oS[FeoGGG
#ob}oG}Gj K}moGNSGzGG,KyOGzGG DQoGGfy EGCD GGm}G. bSeG x}PUzmxMy
S[ozG {lfy }mozoGG jSG. }jTy tDTbG o| }G BjTy omDG oGSe vo} EDjx
SoGGfy G GGmzG. NoBG GGCGG o}oGG GzM m~zGy fTo}lx My jog omlx m~zG
oNo[G fmy FMyU S[o j NSGzG oGGfyGomlx }mnz [D GGmzG.
KUl yO oo FGofy }G BG xazG #xMy BNS yEGy }jTy DeoGGG#xTbG
no|GGn. NyOgGG (D}GezG, o}oGG, fmE, oG}GG, o}GoGGG oGGfyG) #x GzM
oSmP}m mx jT o fmx oGozM ~Sm}oG S[G G. #Go_My x DG
-
}GGyVz olzM. y_MyT Q oml ~eoGGGzM, jTyoGGjTx #x BbfyoGGGzM
oGGCTeg NFoGoGGoG| o[n o}oGGjT GzM vGzM x_Myx }GGyVz }GG| GGmoGG.
_My SmP}m KUlyO fml NMyGG,x_Myx oGoGG GGfyoGG. yV oG #ob}}GGx x_Myx
Nom_[y }}GG #~Seo[G! K UlyOfml xoG B, #G #ob} }GGz o|G NfyUx omlMy
EGCGG }}GG GoGGT }G NGoGGG [GGGmzG.
i. S o FGoG }jTyoGGGzM oG}G o| m~zG So FGoG }jTyoGGGzM oG}G o|
m~zG So FGoG }jTyoGGGzM oG}G o| m~zG So FGoG }jTyoGGGzM oG}G o|
m~zG So FGoG }jTyoGGGzM oG}G o| m~zG {y }T KyjT K }mGefm}G Gan
oDoGG FGo UlyOG, z oGx oG u}G|xGGzG. mjb }TGfy K }mGefml fy yE {y
DUGGzG DoGGoGG {y ygT zmxM y o|mzG. ""{[y ST G }GGSlx t~G! #x
o[FoGGT [yyG o[GGG zozmxMy om|zG. DGzG, #GTx SoGGfyo[GoGGG jx mFoGG
GzM oG}G o| #xx bMyn. o[ #G BGoGGTG bSTG [yyG o[GG [S}G ~l^zG. }Gom
#G K }mGe SfylMy o| #xx, FGoG zmxMy NGg SG oT}mzG.
SoFMy o| o}Gx m~zG K}mGe mjb F|}e^}G. D }Gom }G bGzGZST fQ
oS[FeoGGy xa GGmzx NfyU }Gom bGx S[ox BGoGGjT zmxMy DyEQmzG.
ii. DoGGNS}fmG BGoGGT oGy oGGh DoGGNS}fmG BGoGGT oGy oGGh
DoGGNS}fmG BGoGGT oGy oGGh DoGGNS}fmG BGoGGT oGy oGGh DoGGNS}fmG
BGoGGT oGy oGGhK UlyO fml beoGG GzM[G NyOg #GG #xT DUylGG, S[G G #[
oG DOy}
#x {GG. n K UlyO fml oGGjT zS #FoGG. NMyn DG zGzM!K }mGefm}G
o}Gz Ul yOG KyjTx "fyEtDNi #G DoGGNS {zGR ~GN DoGGoGG
N~} [GG, SmeoGG [GG vzG pDGx ohom}G. #Go_My ~GNoGGjT {y }T om hm
fm}GSmeoGGjT oG GGzG @SG Do }oGG bGz UlyO oGfm j DoGGNSoGGjTxMy
zMmzG. #G zM[n DoGGNS }fmG bGx NoG ~SoGGG oGG_My o[ BGoGGT oGy o$h
^ #G oGGSG~fyzmxMy #GoGgGG.
K }mGe SmeoGG GzM j zG o}GzG DoGGNSoGGjTMy gfm zM ^oGzGG
DoGGNS}fmG oGy o$h^ozoGGG DaGoGG nmzG. o[ #G lfyg o$h o}Gx gl {zGR
pDGxo|G.
bGzG vo}G #x DoGGNS }fmG NfyU #x GS # ^jy ^}GG #x }G D
DQoGGfyEGCGGG. SmPlGGfyoGGjT NBGo K yO DB Djb_MyS[ }GGn. K yOGx NzM
#}GGomDGS[ozG #z[ _My FGoG oGSG} GzM fToGG pDGx o$hzG o}oGSeoGGjT
GoGGm n vVofyo}oGGG zG[ l~}GGzG. K omDGS[ozG GoGGm njT nzG FGo
KyOGzM ~SoGGG bMy o[GoGGm n om}G [oGoGGfy n SmG o}oGG G.
iii. oGNSme NGoGGG zf_My nyeG K UlyO : oGNSme NGoGGG zf_My nyeG
K UlyO : oGNSme NGoGGG zf_My nyeG K UlyO : oGNSme NGoGGG zf_My nyeG
K UlyO : oGNSme NGoGGG zf_My nyeG K UlyO :SM Bb}S[FoGG G ymeol jb n
~i #G {y oGNfmzG. yloG oomDoGGG,
DG [D "m$ #G S[oG #oGGjT G|x zG, oPG FeoGG GzM QfyEf[yomzG.
NBGoGGyVxoG B G " SoGGfy [Gfy}m #x DomG [tDomzG. mjb USG GBoGGjT
NyDo GBoGGjT oGN SeG [DGGmzG. {y }T #x NfmoGoGGjT uoGG DzMGy K UlyO
om|}G. oGNfmzGK UlyO {y ~Sm} oGGGezx v #x FMyx mx #GmzG. K UlyOG DG
o[SoGGjTGzM mjb NFG o[FmzG. }mNg K UlyO oGGaxT NfmoGoGG n {y ~D}GT
#DPDfy G
-
bGxMy N~l_mxMy o$hm}G. oGSe }mNg DoGGoGG oGzG SGG yEtDT om}G
xzMzG }G oGNomn m$#G SGFMyx #x G. BGy}oG FMyT K UlyOG zNSTGzmxMy #n
o|zG K UlyOfm}GfmEjT mGfyG #zGfyGG My jzmR}G. #xT bG o| om}G #x }zG
[GG Gx }GGS} }y NyVNo[jbzGGzMl. #S[ DoGGoGG #xjT GzM GG ozE fQ FMy
SGFMyx vSG}Vx Smxx ]zMn. UlyOGzM oGozM {y NmFooG oGfyG oGNfmzMx
bMyn. SGFMy NGoGG `oGGmfm Di o g}Gfyfm#G DGoGG y [yyG o[DmzG. #zG K
UlyOfm}G fmEjT GzM NMynMy n #xx oGG_My #xjT GSG}maG lGo[DG. SGSG
oGNfmzG K UlyO yOG EGCD G bG NBGoDoGlQGxmzG.
[ D}TP S[ozxGG, m$ oGGfyG } S[oG GzM n FMyx SGx GG #x K UlyOfm}G
}G D SmP}m x}GGm}G. K yOGzG uz fTo}l yg NSGzGjb_My S[oG Gz[ FMyxSGx
GGm}G #x G GmzG. No BGjT oG, oG o[Gt tDUGG NUa SfyEDoGGoGG mEoGn
fN}G o[Gt omlfmG, fToGfmG G bG DlCDG SmP}m S[oj NSGzG, NUaoGGfyG
om}G Gz[ FMyx SGx GGm}G #x x}GGm}G. yEGGfy #oGGjT oG fyG}GS[oG K
UlyOfyo| D}TP NBGo[y D}oGGfy DoGlQGTomE. Bfyo 18:66
iv. K UlyO fml Fq}oGGG Z oGGGezG bnjzG K UlyO fml Fq}oGGG Z
oGGGezG bnjzG K UlyO fml Fq}oGGG Z oGGGezG bnjzG K UlyO fml Fq}oGGG
Z oGGGezG bnjzG K UlyO fml Fq}oGGG Z oGGGezG bnjzGNBGo b[ {y ~Sm}
oGGGexfy no|zG SoFMyT }jTyDeoGGT oG|GmzG.
oGGe Fq}oGG vGo_My }Gfyz G CbNfy oUGGmzG. K yOGx #ob} DoGGoGSG
uz mjbBoGGG, SGFG #x o|GG. (JSmU} #G FGofy ozG , zM Ny }oGGjT
{yBoGG, DGzM fmE }oGG Ngo}, bGzGfy ozG #DG}GzG, S[DGmDG}GzG, mjb G
yE mjGGzG#G D}QoGG, mE FMyoGz yDGzG #G BoGG) Fx_Myx mFoGG [DQ_MyMyx
#x Fq}oGG Z }GfyjSG. Q_My yEV oG #ob}oGGjT K UlyO fmlx bnmx mjb
SGFG NGgzoGG fyGl o[noSmU}oGGG oGoGG }GGoPoG|G. #jb_My SGFxGG
yloGGfy MzMGG. x DG yVzolzMGG.
{y DoGGoGG K UlyO fm}G G_MyfyGjT NDGGzG oGG}GfmG, oGGfmG ozM
SGeoGG_My omzG o[ny My o| K UlyO fmlx Sp[ oS[FeoGG yE #xx DGzG G
NfyUfyEfmzG.K UlyO zMo NmFoG }oGG xzM mjb fy_Myfm }GGxx zoGG N~}Bn.
#G bST "SG[DG z o[}GG, [G }GGxMy Z [GG. G GG #x [yyG o[DmzG. TGGzM
v P}fmZjfiGST # S}fm ~l^zG.
K Ul yO fm}G ymeoljT {y G_MyfyG }y o$hGGzG o[ny y_My om}G oDoGGT
K Ulfmlx zmxMy Nxm}G. #SG[y {y fTg o[ny o[Fm}G. K UlyO fm}G xzM
NDoD TG EyGx G \ mG _My oNoGG Eyfm l ^oGo_My o[ Fm}G. oDoG NG x
}Gom K UlyO fm}G Smx mG_My vzG zM^b}m #x OT vSG}GGGzMl. UlyO fm}G
o}GxT bGo[ny My o| NDzoGG oGGS G _Mym}G. om}G NDG GzG om}G xzM ln.
mx #S}F|}ezG SoGGfy K UlyO fm}G zM^jSG. #G fmEjT xz[ NDm}G. }Gom GG
l^}GGn #x EzG NyV xl. #SGoGGG N xom}G DaGoGG nl.
{y~l #olmjT ozG #ny SGeF|My NoUG N_myG SmoD o|n. #yVz N
#~GoGGGD[ U|ly fyG}GG uz o ozMl. U|ly DG zz #Go Sm_My^om[ NGoGGjT
KUlfm}G SGeF|My NoUG N_my [ mGo[Fm}G. SoGGfy N_my zozoGG GG BGoGGT
"#eo m|o. o m|o #x [yyG o[Dl. oml [yyG x KUlyO fm}G o[ jG Sm_My
oG}To }Gfyb}G.
-
#SlMy F|}eoGG yEG SoGGfy N_my mG _MyQ_MyMyx #xMy ZG DBjSG.
SGe|Myx DO om}G KUlyO[G m_My SG|My #xMy Z yEjy^}GGn.
v. UDoGGjTx oGUo FMy x K UlyOfm}G GG}GG : UDoGGjTx oGUo FMy x K
UlyOfm}G GG}GG : UDoGGjTx oGUo FMy x K UlyOfm}G GG}GG : UDoGGjTx
oGUo FMy x K UlyOfm}G GG}GG : UDoGGjTx oGUo FMy x K UlyOfm}G GG}GG
:"" m moGoGG NBGo #x om}G GDGGG [G }G~l omlMy #GBooGG yGfyCGG. m
UDoGGG,"" m moGoGG NBGo #x om}G GDGGG [G }G~l omlMy #GBooGG
yGfyCGG. m UDoGGG,"" m moGoGG NBGo #x om}G GDGGG [G }G~l omlMy
#GBooGG yGfyCGG. m UDoGGG,"" m moGoGG NBGo #x om}G GDGGG [G }G~l
omlMy #GBooGG yGfyCGG. m UDoGGG,"" m moGoGG NBGo #x om}G GDGGG [G
}G~l omlMy #GBooGG yGfyCGG. m UDoGGG,
m Ffi}eoGGG v_MyoT om}G GDGGG CGG #x lFGS NfySoGGjT QzM GGn.
}GGlam Ffi}eoGGG v_MyoT om}G GDGGG CGG #x lFGS NfySoGGjT QzM GGn.
}GGlam Ffi}eoGGG v_MyoT om}G GDGGG CGG #x lFGS NfySoGGjT QzM GGn.
}GGlam Ffi}eoGGG v_MyoT om}G GDGGG CGG #x lFGS NfySoGGjT QzM GGn.
}GGlam Ffi}eoGGG v_MyoT om}G GDGGG CGG #x lFGS NfySoGGjT QzM GGn.
}GGla16:2116:2116:2116:2116:21 jTyoGG S}f zMGG #x xoG By D}TPGz
m}mG NBGoG fyl| #g GoNo omyeoGG }GGS[! SGjT QzM x oGGeoG ojTx
#}oGGG SmoGG.
"UDoGG : "UDoGG : "UDoGG : "UDoGG : "UDoGG : {y oeMyMy UDoGGG
ozm_[y #G Qy }Gz ozmE. oG oGSe ~Sm} oGGGexfmo_m}x NBGo oG omfmoGG
[D GGmzG. DoGD }UDeoGGG #x UDoGGjT[ }GGGzM GGn.
"" m UDoGGG, m Ffi}eoGGG v_MyoT GDGGG [GG m UDoGGG, m Ffi}eoGGG
v_MyoT GDGGG [GG m UDoGGG, m Ffi}eoGGG v_MyoT GDGGG [GG m UDoGGG, m
Ffi}eoGGG v_MyoT GDGGG [GG m UDoGGG, m Ffi}eoGGG v_MyoT GDGGG [GG
fQ S[ozG oGGe}jT oG oGSeGzM UDoGGG Ffi}eoGGG o FMy x, Ffi}eoGGG FMy
x, Ffi}eoGGG FMy x, Ffi}eoGGG FMy x, Ffi}eoGGG FMy x, Ffi}eoGGG G
GG }GGmzG. #x UDoGGjTx#x UDoGGjTx#x UDoGGjTx#x UDoGGjTx#x
UDoGGjTxfQ FMy #G D}TP S[ozx xF|GoGGfy }GG}G GG}GG.fQ FMy #G D}TP
S[ozx xF|GoGGfy }GG}G GG}GG.fQ FMy #G D}TP S[ozx xF|GoGGfy }GG}G
GG}GG.fQ FMy #G D}TP S[ozx xF|GoGGfy }GG}G GG}GG.fQ FMy #G D}TP
S[ozx xF|GoGGfy }GG}G GG}GG.
K UlyO fm}G {y oeMy [gx ozG (YDGG }GG[|zG) #x [gjTGzM #SGoG FMy
oeMyjTxMy NoU Hy_Myx SGFG #xjT GzM o[ lGo[GGGn.
oGGGTozoGGjT # FMy oSG oGGGTozoGGjT # FMy oSG oGGGTozoGGjT # FMy
oSG oGGGTozoGGjT # FMy oSG oGGGTozoGGjT # FMy oSG oeMy oGy zM^}GG
DgjT[ ntD o_mzG.SGFG lG o[GzM }Gom NBGo oGGGx oeMy fQ zGSG SGx
#GBgx
SG_mzG. }Gom NBGo gl UDoGGG #x o #xx Y}Pn aG oeMyjT oGGmzG.Smx
`EoGGfy oeMy Qmx Fmg, DToGGG Qmx Fmg, DToGGG Qmx Fmg, DToGGG Qmx
Fmg, DToGGG Qmx Fmg, DToGGG SG_mzG. #x Y} en z M U D o G GY} en z M
U D o G GY} en z M U D o G GY} en z M U D o G GY} en z M U D o G
GoGGGx oNb oGG[ DPDG, bSG #x ^o G. fQ DToGG, DoSmoGGGfQ DToGG,
DoSmoGGGfQ DToGG, DoSmoGGGfQ DToGG, DoSmoGGGfQ DToGG, DoSmoGGG
#xUDoGGGzM SGx oeMy #xx fyGl G Y}Pn #[ NBGox NfyUGGmzG.
#x UDoGG oGGGx oNb DoGD y}aG ^}GG o #GNfyUzGGn.fQ S[oz K UlyO }G
BG GzG l DG ol QjoGG. mlGg oG,
aD lGg oG NBGo K}moGGzG, KyOGzG, ZDG GGyV SG, [D #SGoGGG,
DPDNMyGG noGnoGSejT oNo[G ln. yEV oG #ob}}GGz K UlyOfml SG, So
DyQoGG jTyoGGoomlMy #GNfyUzMn. NoGG mE~}G gl BG G #x TG paG uoGGG
lGGm}G. G_MyfyGjT NfyGzMRom}G SGx GGm}G. _Myom}G z GGm}G. G}TfyGG
DPDG SGxGGm}G. SoFMy fy #x UDoGG oGGGxoNb #~SeoGGj omeSGG uz lfy
DPD}zMGG. NBGoGGyV NGoG B TD KUlyO fm}G SoyOG GG} o[n DjT GzM x_Myx
pD}GG| }}GG NGlGGm}G.
y y y y yG SGG :G SGG :G SGG :G SGG :G SGG :NSNS[FijTx Z}GjT
NBGo UqoGGGyOfm}G fQ U}fy paG Doo[FoGGG lzG y_MyGT
\ yGNfyGzGR lfm oDoGGT yQzM yG #b vN}fm o {y #b}GG o|mzG. NBGo
UDoGGT yGG oGG_My N~l l} DPDG CbmzG. oG}GD_My}TC #b}GG yG l} DPD n
ooGGyGjbfy #}GGn. #b}GG DToGGT fyGG o[D o[ny GS o| bGfy ~eoGG
QmzG.voGGy }fyzoGG :voGGy }fyzoGG :voGGy }fyzoGG :voGGy }fyzoGG
:voGGy }fyzoGG :
oGNSmDG n K #jfmsz}G #G #x o} vz oG mE yG zMmG oGzG #fyGoGGG
_Myfyon #x Qn. SmxMy Z oNoGG zGoGGTz K Ulfm}G _Myfy G mEx [gT _My
~fyDG. o[ voGGy ~ mG vzoGmG oj GG.
-
oGNSmDG n vD. DG #G #oa}GG uz #S[ SoG #fyU yE ozG. }zG mh
oGSeG{y_My} #fyGb zmG KUl yOfm}G [gT oGG_My bfyG[DG.
oD oGGSfm G Fq}oGGG bfyG[GG :oD oGGSfm G Fq}oGGG bfyG[GG :oD
oGGSfm G Fq}oGGG bfyG[GG :oD oGGSfm G Fq}oGGG bfyG[GG :oD oGGSfm G
Fq}oGGG bfyG[GG :oGNSmDGjTx #Gmo}oGG n K Go[G SM Bb} }jP
JSTefyDGzG. #G y}mafm}oGGjT x[GG
Gzfm mjb oG DGg #GTx SoGGfm #x GS zM oGSzG fmGzMSG #x }zG h
G^fGx. }oGGG SgG o #x mGh [GG uzm ~P oGGjT jo. oD oGGSG zmy}G
bfyG[GjoGG#x ~Q}G. }Gom #xx xjT GzM m}G.
SGxGn G }G SoG Fq}jToGGT GBoGG Bb}oGGfm omzG. lDgjT {y
tDUGzGGo[GG {y oGjbfy K UlyOfm}G Doo[F oGGG }GG }} #G DoGG oDGx
o|G. #yVzDoGUoGG vVofy oSG jT No[jy ^}G. K Ul yO DoGUoGGG QGGfTz
SMy ^oD GGzG. G SoGGfy fTz SMyzG fTz #Go oD oGGSjb zMo Go[GGjb bMy
o$h^}G. o[ #x Fq}oGGjT fQ FMy No[ #GBg Go[G yE [NnGoGGG #SGoGGfmx
[GG oGGSG _My. Zzmn} }Gom oGGGeG fyGl o_mz yEmzG. #G fyGG o[D
zGoyEmzG. zmy}G #S}G #xx qM #}Gzx Ny_MySG gl oSTefyoGGjT [}mzG.
oG}M om}G gl DofyG :oG}M om}G gl DofyG :oG}M om}G gl DofyG :oG}M
om}G gl DofyG :oG}M om}G gl DofyG :K Ul yO fy oGGjT m}[GjT {y
oSGoGG {y oeMy }GfyzG o| ZzGD K UlyO T
#e m Bb}e oG}Mn. ~GmoGG o _T (GBoGGjT) {y zM }Gfy on. SG[D G}G
o|N~lmE #x N~S[GzG. K Ul JSGo[G #x _MyMy o$h Fq}oGGG [gT byfm[ ooGG
jTxMyNo[ oG j u}|x o_mzG N~}BG.
}o}zG CTegBbfyeoGG fm}G oGGCTeg NFoG (K Ul yO xomD DoGG) xomD. G
oGDG 75 Do}oGGG.1983 flj 26o G_MyfyGjT G KUlyO }Gso [GGGzfy NMyS
zM^}G. G oG}M Fq}oGGzMn. #yVz }mSjT G DGo}G 500 oGn xMy ~GGfy om}G.
K Ul yO #xx oGG_MyzG Fq}Dgfm on. NDn n NFoGoGGjTx zmy}G #Eo} oGlGG
}GG}GG uz #G oG}Mm}x SOolm}G. K Ul UDoGGG G Fq}oGG GS o oG}oGGG
oGax Cbfm o[ CTegBbfye fml Fq}oGGjTxMy o oGGo|n. G oGfm j xzM S[ox
DGgm}G. #G }G }Tuzm D ~eoGGfy om}G.
1985o Do}oGGjT Gomz n ^Ge #[ oOSGzG NFoGoGGjT oz[omzG. {y }T
oGoGGg Sfy} fyGzQ o| zM oG}MmzG. GG NyV oom}G }G oOSGx oG} G K Ul
yO EGCFm}G.NBGo g Sfy} zMo$h Fq}oGGG oGG_My "ooGG Fq}oGGjT No[GG K
Ul yO CbG. ooGGgl o|n. #}fy #}GG }Gom x^}GG ^Ge gl Doz K UlyO o TG
(oG}GGi ERfy) o|G oG}oGG GzM jSG K Ul yO fmlMy oSoGGG EmzG.
6. K UlyO fml oGUoG DP}oGG (FP}oGG)6. K UlyO fml oGUoG DP}oGG
(FP}oGG)6. K UlyO fml oGUoG DP}oGG (FP}oGG)6. K UlyO fml oGUoG
DP}oGG (FP}oGG)6. K UlyO fml oGUoG DP}oGG (FP}oGG)
}G[NoGG GGSBGjT Gez #}GsxMy KyOGzG NBGo GGyV oGUo DP}oGGG GBfyo
jT olzMGGn. D}TP NBGo GGyV #pFMy }GGyVz zM GGn. FMyT[ G bG
GG}GGGmzG.(Bfyo 11o #SmeGoGG)
"" ]! #}Gsm, DoGDoGGG yEGG D}PDOGG, DoGD}m}oGGGG {yV_Myfm
[yNylzM GGzoGGGo BGjT zojx om_Myx_Myx }G }oGG GG. o[n D}Ge GGyV mg
{yV~lGGS[lT v mg ozGT mg uz }G oGUoG DP}oGG GGyV DG ~_My mCbSG.
-
BGjT mjb oGn oGGaG boGG BfyoGx #ob}oGx o~}x vl xoG #ob}oGG
KyOGzG {y fyG}GG omx mzG. #S[oGfm S[ox #o b}oGx m_MyG[ oeMy Qy
FP}oGGG yEG m_Myn xoGx x}mE.
1969o Do}oGG K UlyO oGzo ~lfy S[F}e o$hm}G. #oGlmjTx "m} y}Tm
Uiz}i #[ T yGfy Doo[FoGG }fyGy PoGGG #SGx K UlyO }G NoGGG o[G}Vxl.
uoGGG K NioGG #G}GG Z}mQG [D GGzMl. Doo[FoGG l #}GG }Gom K
jb}iz[ji, G o}KoGg DD xo[n (K UlyOfml #g oGGeoG BjT {y}G) oG DXoGG
#fm "N_miG jTG "]U K UlyOG pDGx o$hl. yVz[ oGGeoG NDn n D DBn.
{ym_My ~GNoGG 1969 fli 18o K fyDi fml }GG_T Z}mQG [GzM uoGGjT
NDzmxMyK Ul yOfm}G GozmR}G. jijTx 23o y}jTx BbooGGG K Ul fm}G
BboloGGfmG, SgjTNDG GzMl. #yVz PxzM omljT {y} K m}i UTji Dfy} fy
Nbfyzmxy G_MyfyG }GfyGGzfmoGEMy o$m}G. #G gl o| K Ulfm}G
o[SomyeoGGG olzoGGG zoGG oGGSG_Mym}G. NDD KUlyO fm}G mjb ~}G o zoGG
mE F|}e^}G. JGzM K UTjiDfy} K UlyO fml JGzM K UTjiDfy} K UlyO fml
JGzM K UTjiDfy} K UlyO fml JGzM K UTjiDfy} K UlyO fml JGzM K
UTjiDfy} K UlyO fmlyG GzM # CbPG }mozoGGG Fm}G. xx MyGj xzMzG K
UlyO fml oo}oGGyG GzM # CbPG }mozoGGG Fm}G. xx MyGj xzMzG K UlyO
fml oo}oGGyG GzM # CbPG }mozoGGG Fm}G. xx MyGj xzMzG K UlyO fml
oo}oGGyG GzM # CbPG }mozoGGG Fm}G. xx MyGj xzMzG K UlyO fml
oo}oGGyG GzM # CbPG }mozoGGG Fm}G. xx MyGj xzMzG K UlyO fml
oo}oGG#SOFeoG fQ S[ozG NmFoG }oGGjT D}Gexy vVo DGT #yVz xzM GGzoGGG
Fm}G.#SOFeoG fQ S[ozG NmFoG }oGGjT D}Gexy vVo DGT #yVz xzM GGzoGGG
Fm}G.#SOFeoG fQ S[ozG NmFoG }oGGjT D}Gexy vVo DGT #yVz xzM GGzoGGG
Fm}G.#SOFeoG fQ S[ozG NmFoG }oGGjT D}Gexy vVo DGT #yVz xzM GGzoGGG
Fm}G.#SOFeoG fQ S[ozG NmFoG }oGGjT D}Gexy vVo DGT #yVz xzM GGzoGGG
Fm}G.
ZG }GfyGGSx #yVzG GG NfyUjy^}G. K Ulfml oGGe Fq}oGG oGUoGy}oG
}oGGfyolzG #yVzG om}S}G BGoGGT [yyG o[Dm}G. (K yOGzG FP}oGGG
#}GsGzG }GGS[SoGGfy BGzMmzG.) ntD #}GG }Gom K Ulfml ~Sm} oo}oGG
o[ny gl yzMn. o}GQG GG K Ul yO fml G [l, "" G}G vyVzMMy obh}G? G}G
vyVzMMy #SOFeoGe}G? GDoGG oGfyG }oGGG oNo[G Fm}G #x Nm}G. ""[[
}GGtD GoGGSG xzM N DmG #xNGe}oGGfm K Ul fm}G #m}G. BG So DBGzG xa
noGGGzM 1969 fli 18o o} K Ulfm}G SoPoGGG jyVjx #SG NMyGT NSlc
GGm}G. 1969 fli 18 GzM G GbG lfy GG}Gx }G jTyoGG [ xoG D}TPGz S[ozx
U}fyoGGfy}G jTyoGG [ xoG D}TPGz S[ozx U}fyoGGfy}G jTyoGG [ xoG
D}TPGz S[ozx U}fyoGGfy}G jTyoGG [ xoG D}TPGz S[ozx U}fyoGGfy}G
jTyoGG [ xoG D}TPGz S[ozx U}fyoGGfy GG}m}G.
K Ul fm}G vyVzMMy o$hG NeyoG oGUoG o[GoGG #xx ozMGG. #x GG Deo
Gx o}GoGGGoG}GG x}G. {y~l #oGlmjT {y fQ uoGGjT G NDGGzfm oGzM {y S
oG}GBGx bMyn. #n BGx UGx K Ulfm}G NDGG DoGG o} o | GbG
DoGlQGxSoGGfy K UlyO fml mET No[G bMyn. #SGoGGG GG DaGoGG n NyOg uz
}GGxMyoGGn. fQ oeMy fQ oeMy fQ oeMy fQ oeMy fQ oeMy vo}m #x
F|}e^}G.
vii. oozG NSoGoGGfy NSGxjT mG_My }T DB fQ D:. oozG NSoGoGGfy
NSGxjT mG_My }T DB fQ D:. oozG NSoGoGGfy NSGxjT mG_My }T DB fQ D:.
oozG NSoGoGGfy NSGxjT mG_My }T DB fQ D:. oozG NSoGoGGfy NSGxjT
mG_My }T DB fQ D:1969 flj 21o }T D}P DO jT[ o G U } o G }T.D}P DO
jT[ o G U } o G }T.D}P DO jT[ o G U } o G }T.D}P DO jT[ o G U } o G
}T.D}P DO jT[ o G U } o G }T. }T Gz[ S[ozG G bG S[ozMfy
GG}GG oom$My fQ FMy GzM #GoNoGG GG}GG N~}BG.oGySlMy ED SoGGfy
1969 flj 21o }GzG NSoGoGGfy NSGxjT mG_My }T. ooG
xoDGG, DlGG S[ozG BGx DOG. DMy n }GG} NfyUoGGG yGfmx oozGNGgzG
#zG USGG Gl S[ox o}oGGjT yEQGGGmzG. Go_My DBGx fQ S[ozG B eCboGG[
vlGGzM oozG SoGGfy NSGxjT mG_My }T oo}oGGjT }G BGMy o| }GfQ DG
oeMyfyoGGfy zmx #GmzG. S[ozG b[ BGMy o| fQ D fyGl S[ozG o[SomeDoGUl
SmP}m NoGGmzG. (KoGS BbfyooGG 2o DVSoGG 7o #SmeGoGG 37o FTyoGG) yEV
oG #ob} }GGzGfyNBGo m}mGGzG }G BG NeoGfyG DoGGoGG }GGn DQoGGfy
EG[GGGn.
vz FmG ony FmCboGG #BoOn nGx oG #zM Fm lCboGGjT }myT #l oGG
-
NfyUoGGG [}G NGg DoGGoGG NBGo oo o[Sm}jT oml oU poGGfy BG My
no|G S}aoGGG Nm}oGG [GGG.
1969 flj 18 GzM 20o #oGlmjT K Ul yO fm}G mfT oGGjTx j` _ylyjijT
oGzG}mNGG, oGzG fyGh NDGGzMzG NooGG }o[ln. }GzG NSGxjT mG_My }T flj
20,1969 (Bb}S[FoGGjT flj 21) K Ul yO fm}G G NDGGzMzG oml oGGSG {y
_yEiozMGGzG. "" zG {y fyjT oo lNjT[ {y fQ D }GfyToGn. oGGGezG
~SoGGGNSGxjT To GmzG #G Ny _yEijT o|n. #zG DB Smxx K UlyO fm}[
}GSoGGfy QGGm}G. ""oml NyG #GDl[ oGGGezG NSGxjT mGG {y fy oGGSGfy
}jTyoGG}GozM BGy}oG FMy m UOSGoGGjTxMy o|G. o[ K Ul fm}G ""S[ozG }G
BG GmzG. S[ozGS[ozG }G BG GmzG. S[ozGS[ozG }G BG GmzG. S[ozGS[ozG
}G BG GmzG. S[ozGS[ozG }G BG GmzG. S[ozGno| GGmzG. [G oG}MG. [G
oG}MGno| GGmzG. [G oG}MG. [G oG}MGno| GGmzG. [G oG}MG. [G oG}MGno|
GGmzG. [G oG}MG. [G oG}MGno| GGmzG. [G oG}MG. [G oG}MG #x
o}GoGGo_My S FoGGT [yyG o[GzoGG N~}Bl.(""GGzM G FPDGomzG v_MyMy
oG}MzG #x x BbooGG.)
}GzG NSGxjT mG_My }T DB D }Gom {y }T o} K Ul #p FGSG GG #x So
Dxn oGGSG ^ozoGG N~}BoGn. D}TP NBGo GGyV }G FMyx fyGlBfyo 11:19\30
jT uz o lzMGGn.
T_My GzM PEGG # oG|GG, DG[ }G FPoG_Myx o SUGGzGGG......GzGmFoGGy
Z SoGGfy GMyVE o[ fyoGGT oGzGG #GSG No[GGoT Nm}o[G GGG GfyG
o[fyoGGTuzMom} mF oGG } T_MyGSG No[GGm}G. ""]! GoGl oGzGG GGyV
T_MyT GSlx#G NGfyGGomzo PxGGmo. GGyV BGy}oG mGG DG[ fyGG ome GfyG
CGGG #x #}GsGzG #GmzG.
K Ulfm}G x oG yzmxMy T}G }zG BGy}oG o}GoGGG, oG}GG bMy o[nGG
oG}MzMom}G. _yE` ^ijT o_mz_mxMy T}G }G mjb oGn zMom}G. jxGz DoGG
meGp}GQz[n. K UlyO fml BS}G #x DxnjT BGoGGT oGGzMl. m_My #xx T}G
QoSx o [zGxl.
K Ulfm}G ojbzM Ngo #S[ SoGGfy o[ lfyzMn. SGjT #G zMzG uz S[oG
#xoGGSG DGzMfmEfy nMy }zGo #x oGGSG 20 fyoGG o} ohzMom}G. oG}GG,
J}GoGGG, G`~G, DGzMfmE,o[GoGGG #xx vzG o zMGG #G o$h T_Myy_MyMy
ohzM. D}PDOGG, oG DOy} S[GGj #lQGG#G }G G }G GGf oGGjT }G BG }G
SoGGfy vo} z jSG.
{y }T o} xeoGUoGjT GzM BbfyoGGG U}fyoGGfy NBGo }G jTyoGG
GG}GGmzG. }Gom #G SoFx_Myx jT[ oG}GfyG}Gx {y ~Sm} oGGGexjbfy DlG.
}Gom K Ulfm}G DeoGGG ( S}aoGGG) NDGoGG N~}Bl. n oml t}G Ng, S
pDn.mjb oG DDG (NfyG) vnlG EGCD. BjTy m}eoGGGzM }jTy }UDeoGG o G
oGDGG[yNyll. oG o Sm}oG }oG}GGx D}TP E }UDeoGGG G GG}l. S[ox GGyV
}UDeDyQoGGG xoG B (oSGo DBGe) G EGCDl. NBGo no| S}aoGGG NDGG
#xo[SomeD oGUl No SoGGfy KUl yO NoGG NoGG [D o[SoGGjTG, BzojTG,
KoGSBbfyooGGjT, lFGS NfySoGGjT (G), lFGS }mi GzM "De DS[FoGGG N D
GGm}G.
1987 #T}G 3o oGGCTeg NFoGoGGjT #g NGoG B {y NeyoG DS[FoGGG
}GGDgGGfy }meoGGG ~m}G. ""}jTyoGG, BGMy, DoGGNSoGG [G }mx
Ny_MyGGmG. [G}jTyoGG, BGMy, DoGGNSoGG [G }mx Ny_MyGGmG. [G}jTyoGG,
BGMy, DoGGNSoGG [G }mx Ny_MyGGmG. [G}jTyoGG, BGMy, DoGGNSoGG [G }mx
Ny_MyGGmG. [G}jTyoGG, BGMy, DoGGNSoGG [G }mx Ny_MyGGmG. [GfQomzMx
GG }G ~oGGG [G pDoGGjSG fmx n m UV m_My G aTfQomzMx GG }G ~oGGG [G
pDoGGjSG fmx n m UV m_My G aTfQomzMx GG }G ~oGGG [G pDoGGjSG fmx n
m UV m_My G aTfQomzMx GG }G ~oGGG [G pDoGGjSG fmx n m UV m_My G
aTfQomzMx GG }G ~oGGG [G pDoGGjSG fmx n m UV m_My G aT[G pDGGmG.[G
pDGGmG.[G pDGGmG.[G pDGGmG.[G pDGGmG. fyGQmn GzM oGo_My fQ NtoG
paG}m byoGGG (m}mGGx byoGGG)G vfyG}o[DmzG. jbbV}oGG xzM }TjT S[ox
}meoGG o|GGn. mo DoSm NtoG byoGGG S[oxG Qy vfyG}o[GoD GGn.
-
1988 flj [ye G_MyfyGjT GG GGfyoGGGfy SmzMGG (NomGzx o}GoGG
DS[FoGGG)GGfyoGGGfy SmzMGG (NomGzx o}GoGG DS[FoGGG)GGfyoGGGfy
SmzMGG (NomGzx o}GoGG DS[FoGGG)GGfyoGGGfy SmzMGG (NomGzx o}GoGG
DS[FoGGG)GGfyoGGGfy SmzMGG (NomGzx o}GoGG DS[FoGGG)S[ox omyeoGGG
D}TP S[ozG b[ Z}mQG [D SoGGfy K UlyO fm}G NDl. uoGGjT Doo[FoGGGo[n
B DoGGoGGG }Gom 1988 fyG 27o G "" m DoGGoGG l #}GGn. [G }GGy
jTyoGGjTjG. m ToGG oG|Gn. mFoGG [GG FMy oG|Gn.... oGGS_Myfy meGp}GQ
}GG_MyjT N~}BoGfyGG. [G jTyoGGjT ozM Gz meGp}GQ JzGG. mx [G }GG
}Po[G vzMGGmG... m Fq}oGGjT l o}GQGfyGl G EGSG. [G #S[ oGGGezG. mx
oGUoGFq}oGG mjT on. Z DoGGoGGjT oSE_mxMy DSoGGfyGn #x Ny_MymzG.
SoGGfy oG #Ge,oG #Ge,oG #Ge,oG #Ge,oG #Ge, DoGD DOMy NBGo K oG
Go GGyV SFob}oG KUl yOfy 1989 `Nol24o }mNg DDoGG }TU oG yEV
oG}moGGjTx NooGGG, K oGGG _My ~PG NooGGG(xe DDoGG o}GzG }TUoGfyGG
fyGl 200 Do}oGG oGGS[ NozM No omyeoGGG)}o[}|G. BG }T[ G 68o
anoGG.
oGGeoG BTSmFoGGGoGGeoG BTSmFoGGGoGGeoG BTSmFoGGGoGGeoG
BTSmFoGGGoGGeoG BTSmFoGGGyEV oG #ob}oGG }G jTyoGG o| G xx l [D
}GGzG xe DDoGG
}TUoGGeG. oSFmoGG FmPDoGG (oGayoGG) oSFm oGG NtoG, oSFmoGG S[ox
oGDGG yE omlMy oGUoGG#GNfyU~G #x K UlyO fml omfmoGG y oGoGG vSG}GG
GmoGG.
K Ul yO fml BTSjTx ~}mFoGG }GGyVz }GGoPzMn. _Myx CbyoGGGTo zoGG
SmP}m oGoGG S[oxomyeoGG GS xzfyoGG.(1) S[ozG {yVz[. oGoGG #x DO[G!
#xx oGoGG DeoGGT aT }mnmE.(2) S[ox GGyV DoGD o[SoGGxGG Nt}[oG. DoGD
oom$ Z oG SoGGG jy #gNFST, BGBMyT o[SoGGG SomE. }Gom[ S[ox yO o
oNo[G #x SoDxSmoGGG oGoGG NfyUfyoGG.(3) S[oz[ oG NzM, DOy}.
oGoGS}oGG T_My DUTS} DUTSqoGG. Cbg, , oG, o}, S[F SoGGG jo.(4) D}TP
E fyGQmnMy oGGSG }G FPoG_My Y}mPSoGGy G b[ Efm #lQGmzG.
#}GG}oG}GGz[ # o[SoGG oGjbSm}oGG. ( GGf[yPSoGGjTx }G DyoGG, Bfyo
:10(5) #x aG xeoG mo. D}TP EjT ~Gn aG oNo[G xeoG.(6) #S[ D}TP S[
ozG, oG DOy} no| #x GGfyoGGjT GGGG, NoyG So Nt}[ SmP}m
EMyNooGGx_Myx }o[}G| SoGGfy }G jTy jbbV}oGGGzM G vGx GG zM
S}aGGfyoGGG ~GG.(7) oG DOy} GGyV yzol meGp}GQ }G BG N~}ByoGGSG G b
G jT yo GG GG}G Gy S[ox xomDDoGGfy Bb}S[FoGGG vGxSG }G S[FoGG
SeoGn.
FPFmgy N~} FPFmgy N~} FPFmgy N~} FPFmgy N~} FPFmgy N~} ] ! Ggjx
yOfy S[om, oGoGGaSlx {[y GBoGGfy{[y GBoGGfy{[y GBoGGfy{[y
GBoGGfy{[y GBoGGfy DOGGmo. o[ o NzMo GGzM o[GoGS}oGG
GGyV {[y GB DBGeGfy GGfy oGUoGy}oG DxnjT o[GoGS}oGG SmDGoG
GGmoGG. ~SSaoGGjo NFGoGG. yO~}oGG G S} DoGuzM GGm}G. D}TP l~jT
o[GoGS}oGG CboGGGSG_MyG.
] ! NBGom! o[ oGoGGaSlx BlGomzo. oGoGGaG } MGomzo. o yOT D}TP E
SmP}m oxeooGGG #GNfyU GGmo. G oGDG fyomlx o U|GGmo. UGG o }GGmo.
NtoGyzEjT DoGD oom$x o oGGo[D GGmo.
] ! o DOy}! Zy y fySG}G!Zy y fySG}G!Zy y fySG}G!Zy y fySG}G!Zy y
fySG}G! jTyoGGjT G NGoG omlSlx DoGu}G|oGG. oGoGGaSlx {[yGBoGGfy
oz[G #GNfyUG.
] ! NBGom! l} oGUoGT NtoG byoGG NtoG byoGG NtoG byoGG NtoG byoGG
NtoG byoGG vfyG}! BG GS o UOSGoGGxGG NtoGT #GxoGGa.
-
NtoGG o oGalGoGG. zM oGfyGjT o yG NfyUG FMy #GNfyUGoGG. [
Sm}jbfy pGxGG o ojT DoGG ~z! yOT oGoGGaG m~zGoGG. ] ! N B Gom! } jT
yo GG ,BjTyoGG Zyy }mo o[. o[ D}TPGzM. o ~oGGx_Myx o oNo[G Gfyo.
ojT Z SGPoGGGo zjo.
] ! NBGom! }y SmUoGG yEGGomlMy BGBT }G DyoGGG SGo omlMy NfyU
yEUOSGoGGG #GNfyUGoGG. ] ! NBGom! o N~}G #ylSGy G moGoGG G
yOGEGCGGGmoGG.
}}GG #GBooGGG}}GG #GBooGGG}}GG #GBooGGG}}GG #GBooGGG}}GG
#GBooGGGBb}S[FoGGjTx Gnjbl #x Goz[ dU}G }moGGjTx {y NfmoGoGGjT [G
_mG. o
GB DBGeG US Dm S}aoGGG mjb NFSfm ~_My[om}G. K }moGNSGx, KyOGx
#lGoG BMyxyEGG ombo}oGGjT [G lfmG. NBGo m}mGGzG }G BG G, beoGG Gz[
GyGm}GG. [G ~}Fm Smelfy ozMzG Ng}Tfl zGTozmxMy {y fyoGGSG o mfmlx
}moGoGG,Bb}oGG n Smx BbooGGG QoGx T}[omzMx. m TlyG #yl o mfm}G
EDSGG m ol tQom}G. olfy N NfySoG "Bfyo GzM BbfyoGGG ~Q}G. NBGo
NtoGjT oGoG} [G NBGoG oGGrboGGfyzmx ommG. Bfyo 4:7
""GSm GSm U S}aDefmx}og Bb}
#BGeb oGS}aDeSm ba DCboGeUoiG
#G FTyoGGG o[ m DToGG #oSGG Sm_Myn.S}aoGG MzoG_[y ZG_My? NBGo
noG| m}oGfyGG #S}aoGG vVofyG #fm ZG_My? NBGo
vyVz vzG #olGG? m moGGjT }G fQ D DB Gm? #x G [G NG[omzMx.Go_My
jTT o ol NfySmGoGGjTx N NfyS oGG S ozoGG N~}BmG. J ~}FmjT
NNSoGoGGfm#x DsjTG oGGS_My o}GVG G|mG. yzM no[zG uz m oGDGjT QzM
NFG oGSGGoz[. J~SmeGGG, oGmGG, Cb}GG }G NFG #zMfmG. mx Oy}oG
NGe}oGG SGTjy^G.
SGo l [D JSTefyoGG, oGG D}zM }Gom m NF NGe}oGGG SG SoGGfy ZSm
[x#GmG. Sme SmP}m oG DP aG D}TP S[oxT @ye}o|x GDGmG. m paG #BoOnMy
}GGS[o}oGx v m GB DBGeT bG SmexG #BeDzoGG N~}BmG. Bfyo SmP}m
KyOGzGKyOGzGKyOGzGKyOGzGKyOGzG Gex fyGl QGGzG[ xx [G vGx paG
#BoOnMy GB DBGeT bG Ng}T #BeDzoGGN~}BmG. x SmP}m Fq} }TfyeoGG, D}TP
NBGo NtoG ln. SoGGfy mjb Do}oGGG SmeoGG [D}Gom SmeoGGT bG NBGoG
D_Myfy zoGG #oD}oGG #x BbmG. #oGlm S[FoGGjTx U}[ yO
S[omGoGGGSlczoGG N~}BmoGG. oml SmoGGG o UOSGoGGjT #ylmoGG. Do}oGGjT
}TfyeoGG,D}TP S[ox NtoG #BoOn #fyGG [G zyEfmG.
1986o Do}oGG #Gx D l m oGG[ ol|o[Dn. {y }T mjb Eo[DGzfm nfyGG
[GzoGGT zGmG. oGSmeU DoGGoGG ^DG pGzmxMy o$hzG ""GDq ` Bfyo , K oGS
BbfyooGG,# g}G, #}Gji ji #G }Ci }fyG DyoGG m [gMy o|n. o[}[ oGGeoG
GG jSGo zGx DyoGGG SozoGG N~}BmG. yzol fQ yEV oG #ob} }GGzGfy D}TP
NBGo m}mGGzG }GBb}BG #ol GGmzx ED mjb F|}e^G. m DToGG #oSGG Smfy OT
DyoGG lfyn oGGmG. Do}oGG n }GGyVz #yVz g}GfyG oSGGzM NGe}oGG
D}TPGzfyG NBGo NMyG[
-
G DGn. #oGlmjTx ]U oGzo[jT o oGGCTeg NFoG NG}omlT ojbzx NGgmG.mx
oml _yE`^i }G m BjSG. yV oG #o}oGGG fyGl }GG} o}oGGG EGCGoGx
oGGCTegNFoG[yi omlMy o}oGG NomFmG. }zG om}oGGG o[GGzM }Gom m o}oGGG
Bb}S[FoGGjTx oGGCTegNFoGoGG o[GzMSx DD}. DD xo[n EGCFm}G.
1987 ol| jT fyG}GS[oG K UlyO fml }zo o}GzG K S[omY} e}VjTx oGn
#G}GGSlcGGzMl. #G o }GG_MyMy `^G[D G vyVz yGDGToG|G #x EGCFm}G. xx
vl o[ m FGoGG }o[}|zG DoGGoGGy OT vSG}G GG_Myx. K Y} {y DoGG n }TG
oNo[G ozoGGo omlx yGDGTozoGG mjb y}oGn. [G zGoy NGgfy NBGo yO o
olfy #G e}VGoSEG }T ~GNoGG #xT ojbz yEfmG. #xx yGDGTom[ m GSm}omG
NfyU K Y} fm}Ge}V g}GfyG NoGGjT G Qy yGDG _mx ~Q}G. #G }mozmxMy
oGGSG }T }mNg vVofyGG [GzoGGT #xx Pxfym #x #GoxmG. NBGo GGyV DyQoGG
#x Ggjx yO Z~_MymjSG. }mNg fyG}GS[oG K UlyO fm}G DPoGSG lG oGGoGGT
m S}coGGG #GNf U zMUDoGGT m G oGGGx YDGG #GNfyUm}G. xNS GzM o[GjVx
[G mjT GG, SfyG DG uzmjzGG yGfmG. NBGo GGyV #SGoG yO[ olzM #x T #x
NDG #GBmG. SoS}coGGT m UOSGoGGxzM GGzfm vGo_My yoGG jy [G o$h K Y}
fmlx yGDGx }GG_MyMy pDGxom|G.
#G o }GG_MyMy o| o[ o }GGGG NBGo a[ xzMn. K Y} fml SmP}m yEV
oG#ob} }GGx #ob}oGGG fyGlGG, #x fyGlGG, #x TSG fyGlGG GDGmG. K
fyG}GS[oUlyO fml `^_TG #G zG #n Dlfy # oGGSG }mNg [G DPoGGjT
oeMyjbf[y GzoGGm mjb F|}eoGG yEn. K Y} fm}G, [G oGzG }TG NBGo GGyV
NMyGG fyGlGG, yEGGfy#oGG fyGlGG ojbzGmoGG. o[ [G NBGoG oGGrboGGfy
zmx #GmG. K Y} fm}G P}jTNBGo #oGlm Slco|x G o}oGG NomGoGx D
}GGm|}G. NBGo Zjb NomjT Z G NomjT TjSG.mjb~}G SmeoGG [D }Gom NBGoG
zm[ #ny omT ZST SoGGfy omlMy o}oGG NomFmG. G}G #oGlmo|zG GoGGaG
yGDGTfyo jy o[GoGG Bb} S[FoGG o| GoGGaG yGDGTozoGG ~Smeo #x
o}oGGjTNomFmG.
1987 ZN`ji oljT oD GGGo DojT omfyi zM.D My o$hGGzfm K UlyO fml
Sfy}GzM o}GG_My }Gmo o} o|GGn #[ #GBg mjT yEn. K UlyO fml GzM o| So
o}oGGGSom[ OT o[ e}V g}GfyG NoGeoGG. _MyMy oS MyjTG} S}oGG ozfy o
#b}GGDfy}_iy j}GT No[G mG|mzG. nfm[ mEQ_MyMy #xMy vVo bS yESG
oSeoGG [}GG_mxMyo[GoGG P}fm }GGG [}moGG. OT vSG}G o}oGG m DToGG yEG
SoGGf y #yVz yGfmG. o[o}oGG Q SozoGG N~}BmG. SoGGfy o}oGG SGo Gzfy
o #b}GG Q #SGoGGfy #SOFeoGn.zmy}G SfylMy ohoD #oD}oGG jy^}GGn.
fyG}GS[oi fml NomjT #fQ DPD yE[ FMy ozoGG m DaGoGGGyEn.
1987 fli jT #Gefm}G #oGlm S[FoGGG Slcmx DyEQGGzMl. oml }myy
vSG}G GG o }GG_Myx FGNBoGG [D #ylzoGG N~}BmoGG. oGSejT SM Bb}
S[FoGGjT fQ y}Go DBSxEDn. S[ozG BG no| DS}oGGfy Ng flj oDoGG #Ge
fm}G me G_MyfyGG lzMom}G. mx }GDo}oGG om}G #oGlm }momx DyEQm}G. yzx
S[ozG o}Gx }G DyQoGG #DoGag EGCGG
SoGGfy S M Bb}S[FoGGG }G y}Go DBn. y}Go m}oGGG #Gefm}G NfyU o[
#oGlm NoGGG}SG[DGx, fljjT me G_MyfyGy NGoGGG oGGSG _Myl. oGlGGy ~l
o FmBfyo GG yGfyfm, NFoGoGGjT[omlx yGDGTomx #GmoGG. SM Bb}S[FoGG
flj jT mjb o[zMfm oGn m_My #S[ Do} oGG zMD}GoljT NFoGoGG oboGx
x}}GGmoGG. oGSemoGGjT N o[SoGGG oGq oGGeoGGfy #Gefm}G ND
DS[FoGGG
-
SozoGG N~}BmG. #Gefm}[ ND me G_MyfyG zM [yDG o[D moGG.1987 zMD}G
jT GB DBGeTbG e}V GzM Bb}S[FoGGjTx oGGCTeg NFoGoGG
NoGeoGG. n vz oG}Go jGo_My NoGG. o[GoGG gfm e'zM o$h #yVz x }TG
o oGGazMTomoGG. oGNSmDG omNFGoGGjT nfy NFmg pDGx NFoGoGG Sfy}fmG
oGSG} omNFGoGG ohoDozG. o ooGG n o[ oGNSmDG oGGeoGNg oG}Mm}G.
oGNSmDG fy}oGGG SGoGGjT oGGx^}GGn. #eoD} lDg o }my^yxGG bnzM.
oGNSmDG o[| ooGGG oGNSmDGGzM oh ooGGGbbVEyoGGfy xE o[GzM. SoGGfy
lSG mjb x}mFn omNFGoGGjT xzM ^G. o SGlDgx EGCGzmxMy [G oGGCTeg
NFoGoGG _yE` ^G [FmG. fyG}GS[o fml Co}GzG K S[o o ""#Gefm}GY}fm}G
GoGGaG yGDGTozmxMy oGSG} omNFGoGG o$hGGm}G #x EGC~}G. D}P NoGGNBGo
S[ozG ZoNoGG fyGljx oGjb_My omlx yGDGTozmxMy b[ }mozo? n x [G
F|}eMyGzeG.NBGoG oGGrboGGfy zTo GmG #G T m bSx ^}GG. }oFoGGT }mNGG
omNFGoGGjT}GGG #G glfmG. o[n m G [G oljG. ~GNoGG o[GoGG ooGGjT
oGSG} [}moGG. #yVz NBGooy o[ozMl. omlx DGzG G fiEGxl. }Gom[ [G oml
~SSaoGG oGDVlmG. DoGGoGG [G ZG[DGmT EGx lDgjT o_Myx. oml So NDT xzM
SmlzGfyG omlT DBbGoml xomDoGG o NoGG [FmoGG. NFoG DlUSGjT No[zG
NyOg NBGo m}mGGx xomDDoGG GGyV#SoGGG GG }z oGG oGGSG_Myn. NSoGoGGfy
Smxx o[ "" n o}oGG, paGjTyoGGjT o
SoGGfm[ on#x #mG. n DoGGoGGjT NBGoT D oGoGGaG mjb oGn BG NBGo
oGUoGG o|lGGG oGG_m}G. NBGo omlMy oGoGGaG lGoGG [Fm}G. }Gom oGoGGaG
oG fynMy pDGx o$hl. o}oGGjTo }GG, DToGG #yVz m yEn. n m oU #Sxn.
}oFoGGT [G vVofy ojbz jy ^G.m lDgx #} [DGx NBGo G NFmg pDGGoGx
~Q}G. ~GNoGG NBGoG gl zmx mG.N DbG N~}BoGG oQ_MyMyx m TlyG #yll. o
o[D }Gom fyG}Go oGoGGaG oGxNBGoT Qfm, D}PN mSGzG G u}G| T GzM j ooG
UDoGG m o m y}aoGGGG. xT [G Fmg DoGGNSoGG oGGx omz [ zMo_Myx. oml
UDFMyT }GGn m oGGS_My #GBooGG.
tD #}GG }Gom m UOSG #}fyoGGjT oG}GfyGG omG NfyU o fyG}G
}GGoPzoGGfyGl olm}G. Bfyo , BbfyooGG, lFGS G NfySoGG oGGfyG N
NfySoGGjTx DfyGG o olGyT G oGnx xGGm}G. GGfmGGfyoGGGfy oG}GfyG [GzM
N NfySoGGjTx mjb BbfyoGGjTxxBbooGGG [G NfyU fyEfmG.
NFmg }T ~_My oG}GD_My }T DGoGGfyG gjT G N oGG oS K Ul fm}G
oGoGGaGpDGx obh}G. NFoGoGGjT G BS} G [l S[ox oGUoGG ylGGzMl. }jTy
ombo}oGGjTD}TP NBGo m}mGGx moGoGG K Ul fm}G o fyG}G }GGm|}G.
UOSGoGG xeDoSmoGG ngx.pNooGGfy G GG, SfyG oGGfyG bSxGG ^}GG. m Bb}e
g N oGGGzM oGEMy o|zG Fq}oGGjT GzM ZST {y Hy_My oSE ^ozoGG NfyUS. K
Ul fm}G }Gom x }TG N NfySoGGjTG }UDeBbooGGG yEGGfy oGGePoGGG fyGl
oll. NFoGoGG GzM o[GoGG GGS[ }G }T ~GNoGGoGoGGjT oGoGGa DoGul| D}TP
E Y}mPS oGGG o #GNfyU SmeoGG [GoGx S[m}G. #zG S[oxa[ lfy olzMmoGG.
}Gom T oGoGGaG NeyoGGfm #BtMy paG oGG oGoGGaGDDSoGG [D FP NBGo
oGoGGaG }GG_MyMy G.
o[GoGG e}V o| o[ S[FoGGjTx #x BbfyoGGjT G o Sfyl tDUG G DS[FoGGG
NMyGy G #lQGmG. xjT GoGG oNo[G Bn. fyGQmn GzM G DyQoGGjTZ}Q}GGx oGn
oNo[G G DS[FoGGG #} [DGfy}G #x }Gom NfyUfyEfmG. 1988 fljjT o
fyOUoGGS[ NSoGoGGfy yEV Ggx }GmoGG. mjb oGn NBGo BG Zy oGDGT
}GGSGjT~Gnl. m}mGGx byoGGG, Ney DS[FoGG zM _[yjT fyG}GS[oG K Ul
fm}G o GGzMl.
-
byoGGG vfyG}o[D NBGoG DGgoGG N~}Bfm[ mFoGG _My o[GoGGT xzMn.
o[GoGG GoGGT [DN~} NGe}oGGfy oG}GT, o}GoGGT o}oGGT oGzG }mNgfyGh
Dxnx NBGo o#GNfyUG. G_MyfyG o NeyoG paG #GBooGGG #GNf Un. o
fyOUoGGjT mjb moGG o}S[ox NDG zfyEfmoGG.
}Gom }zG jT 1988 me G_MyfyG zM _[yG #SGmoGG. Smxx }Gom "" m xl
#}GGn. Z DoGGoGG [G }G jTyoGGG oSE _My oh oG|G #x fyG}GS[oG Q o m
oGDG[yNylzMn. oG m UOSGoGG }fyx oGGNSo[D. om}G }G jTyoGGG oSE oh
Gm}[ #x bSzoGGN~}BmG. 1989 `NoljT mx flj me G_MyfyGjT mx NFoGoGG
obh[ oS[FoGG yE ozM Smxy DSzGG_MyG.o JS[FoGGG K Ul fmlMy o}oGG
SmP}m EzG ol o } _yE` ^i oGtDjT oGoGGaG `NoljT vSG}GGGmG #x #m}G.
SG}SO oFoGGfy }GG S} NoGGG # Vo oeonjT [Gjy ^o oG}GfyTo fQ DG fyGl
DmGfy G EMy o oGGePoGGG NfyUy ^o oG DoGGoGGohy flj me G_MyfyG
NFoGoGG obhx oS[moGG. NBGoG yGDGTomx m oGDG yo}zGGzfy#GTx DoGGoGG
[G BGzMn DBn. #jbz[FP}GzG, oGGo GGyV SFmob} }GGzGG #}GGK fyG}GS[oG
Ul yO fm}G 1989 `Nol 24o 68o _My }T[ DDoGG }TUoG}GGel #Gom} {y }T
~GNoGG m GzMn. BG GzM K UlyO fm}G U}mGfy o$h^}GGl #G SGom}G
ynEo[Dn. }T }mNg DPoGGjT fyG}GS[o oGUoG DP}oGGG FmG. mGfyG [GG yE
om_MyGSG GGSoGGG Sl zGoGG DG oNDoGGG Sl GGzG. #x G mg oSGGzfm, BG
GzMoGfm jG. n m SGoGGG oFGCD NBGo oGG P}jT oGUoGjT pDGx oGhG #G
xqGyEn.
1989 fljjT me G_MyfyG }G, yEV Gg zGfy }G gl o[GoGG oGGCTeg
NFoGoGGo$hmoGG. G_MyfyGG }GfyGG o} J}GoGGG, m}G o[GoGGG, oG}GG, _My
GG jb_M y G}jT S[oxND DzMn. {y }T oSG [G oGoGGjT SmeoGG [GGGzMzG
#Ge fm}G m UOSGoGGjTNeoG oGUoG }zoGG moD oGGrbeFoGG oS FmoGG
FmPDoGG, oSFmoGG NtoG, oSFmoGGoS FmoGG FmPDoGG, oSFmoGG NtoG,
oSFmoGGoS FmoGG FmPDoGG, oSFmoGG NtoG, oSFmoGGoS FmoGG FmPDoGG,
oSFmoGG NtoG, oSFmoGGoS FmoGG FmPDoGG, oSFmoGG NtoG, oSFmoGGS[ox oG
DG yE ozG S[ox oG DG yE ozG S[ox oG DG yE ozG S[ox oG DG yE ozG
S[ox oG DG yE ozG #x EGCFm}G. K Ul fmlT oGGrboGGfy o_mzGG #GBg m
yEn.G_MyfyGjT G Ng {yVlMy }G fQ DeoGGG NDoGx G S[m}G. m #GBGG #Gx
[G
SoGGfm[ [FmG. }Gom #Ge fml }o Do}oGG NDfyoGG ~}mFoGG[ [G NDmG #x
}GG}G SmP}mGDGx F|}e^G.
NBGo yO o #[yoG #GBooGGG SGmG. yEV oG #ob}oGGG fyGl Nom[ oG
DMymjT yEn. oGSejT fyG}GS[o }zo o}Gz K S[omY} x fyGl DyoGG NomGGoGG
#x #m}G.
SoGGfy Nt}[zM xx NomGzmxMy mjb n #} oNo[G oG }G y}oG m}eBb}oGG
oUmG. e}GVgl o| }Gom xx N~}BmG. fmx S}eoGG [D {yV t uz NomGjy ^G.
me G_MyfyGjT ZGojbzojG Smxx EGCD #S[ S[ozG #x oG #ob}oGG fyGl ZG
NomjT EGC~zG #x #zG [G#GmG. SoGGfy {y N NFmg }T #x zMy NBGo m}mGGx
SmeoGG [D NomGzoGG N~}BmG. }T {[y ~lfy fy n NomGyEfmG. NBGo yO o
NFmg }TjT[ }G DyoGGG NomFmG. S[oxDyQoGG Goml UOSGoGGjT SoPoGG }G
DyoGG Ggjx NtoGG _MyGx GGmG. ""#x fG#x DP}oGGG x S}aGGfy ~ oGGSGfm[
DeoGG oG|G. oom$My }GGoPzM Ng N NfySoGGSGGNBGo m}mGGz[ xx No
GGmzG.
""o m}mG""o m}mG""o m}mG""o m}mG""o m}mG
-
yEV oG #ob}oGGyEV oG #ob}oGGyEV oG #ob}oGGyEV oG #ob}oGGyEV oG
#ob}oGG
GGfyoGGG vx? GfyoGG mlGg v? yEGGfy oGfm [G? yEGGfy N~}BoGG, Smx
DG,GGfyoGGG vx? GfyoGG mlGg v? yEGGfy oGfm [G? yEGGfy N~}BoGG, Smx
DG,GGfyoGGG vx? GfyoGG mlGg v? yEGGfy oGfm [G? yEGGfy N~}BoGG, Smx
DG,GGfyoGGG vx? GfyoGG mlGg v? yEGGfy oGfm [G? yEGGfy N~}BoGG, Smx
DG,GGfyoGGG vx? GfyoGG mlGg v? yEGGfy oGfm [G? yEGGfy N~}BoGG, Smx
DG,Smx #oGG Zjb ozGG? BfyoGz KoGm}mGGzG yEV oG #ob} }GGzGfy Z
SoGGfySmx #oGG Zjb ozGG? BfyoGz KoGm}mGGzG yEV oG #ob} }GGzGfy Z
SoGGfySmx #oGG Zjb ozGG? BfyoGz KoGm}mGGzG yEV oG #ob} }GGzGfy Z
SoGGfySmx #oGG Zjb ozGG? BfyoGz KoGm}mGGzG yEV oG #ob} }GGzGfy Z
SoGGfySmx #oGG Zjb ozGG? BfyoGz KoGm}mGGzG yEV oG #ob} }GGzGfy Z
SoGGfyNeoGfyGG? G }myzjTx oGGe oS[ Fo[GG_My? S}a GGfyoGfm
[G?NeoGfyGG? G }myzjTx oGGe oS[ Fo[GG_My? S}a GGfyoGfm [G?NeoGfyGG?
G }myzjTx oGGe oS[ Fo[GG_My? S}a GGfyoGfm [G?NeoGfyGG? G }myzjTx
oGGe oS[ Fo[GG_My? S}a GGfyoGfm [G?NeoGfyGG? G }myzjTx oGGe oS[
Fo[GG_My? S}a GGfyoGfm [G?
}GGoPzM }G oGGeoG NF zmy} }moiG N~Sfm}G BbfyooGG, yEV }moGG,
Bfyo oGl }GG} o[SoGGSm}oGGT }G DyoGGSG oGGfy, DGBFEjT yVfy ol
GGm}G. #n oNo[G my }G yEGGfyjTBfyoGz KoGm}mGGzG yEV oG #ob}G
}GGzGfy SM Bb} S[FoGGjTx g}GjPE jbjT bNoGl p}oGG Z SoGGfy #olm}x }G
DyoGGSG ol GGm}G.
zmy}. }moiG N~Sfm}G Bb}S[FoGGjTx d}G }moGG nom}G. }G #[y US
o[SoGGG, }moGGGNFSfy #BeDom}G. jTy NDnX n omMe lFTSy xGjT } {y}G.
NDGoGG G #oGlmjTx e}GVoGGSG NDn n No[_iy yjT oSTefyoGG [GGGm}G. }G,
l GB DBGeG #oGlmjTx G SoGGjUS oG fyjT DBGeGfy ozG[Gfmy, Smegay
SmeoGGG Qy [DzMom}G. moGGjT BfyoGz KoGm}mGGzG yEV oG #ob} }GGzGfy
#}GSzG GG oGGrboGGfy zmE #Gn oml DoGGGzM[GZ}QzM om. SoGGfy GG yED S
G oS yGfx #[y #GBooGGG }GGno} vo}GG NomGx
SoGGfy }G DyoGGjT ol GGm}G. Ng {yV}G NFSfy n S[ox DGG
SGSG}Gfmy!
]zoGlmi (^DG)]zoGlmi (^DG)]zoGlmi (^DG)]zoGlmi (^DG)]zoGlmi
(^DG)o ~~fyGzM \ 627 602o ~~fyGzM \ 627 602o ~~fyGzM \ 627 602o
~~fyGzM \ 627 602o ~~fyGzM \ 627 602
g}GjPE jb \ SM Bb}S[FoGGg}GjPE jb \ SM Bb}S[FoGGg}GjPE jb \ SM
Bb}S[FoGGg}GjPE jb \ SM Bb}S[FoGGg}GjPE jb \ SM Bb}S[FoGG`^i :
oGGuVzji 04634 \ 74543`^i : oGGuVzji 04634 \ 74543`^i : oGGuVzji
04634 \ 74543`^i : oGGuVzji 04634 \ 74543`^i : oGGuVzji 04634 \
74543