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www.BiologicalPsych.com FLASH CARDS Kalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical
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Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

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Page 1: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

www.BiologicalPsych.com FLASH CARDS

Kalat’s Book Chapter 12

Alphabetical

Page 2: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

ACTH

Page 3: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

ACTH

Adrenocorticotropic hormone. When sense

stress or danger, hypothalamus triggers

pituitary to release ACTH, which triggers

adrenals to release cortisol.

Page 4: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

antibody

Page 5: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

antibody

Also called an immunoglobulin. Protein made

by B-cells in the immune system to

neutralize bacteria and viruses. Secreted by

plasma cells.

Page 6: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

antigen

Page 7: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

antigen

Unique part of bacteria or virus; proteins on cell

surface. If antigen’s are dif. from rest of body,

attacked by immune system. An antigen’s epitope

(key) is matched with antibody’s paratope (lock).

Once antibody & antigen target are bound,

immune system neutralizes target object.

Page 8: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

bed nucleus of the stria

terminalis

Page 9: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

bed nucleus of the stria

terminalis Limbic structure. Responds to threatening

stimuli. Provides generalized response; show

fear when new situations are similar to prior

traumatic situations. Don’t have to learn fear

for each specific event.

Page 10: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

Behavioral ActivationSystem

(BAS)

Page 11: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

Behavioral ActivationSystem

(BAS) Neural circuits in left hemisphere respond

when happy or socially outgoing. Regulates

sensitivity to reward.

Page 12: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

Behavioral Inhibition System

(BIS)

Page 13: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

Behavioral Inhibition System

(BIS) Neural circuits in right hemisphere respond

when fearful or disgusted outgoing.

Increases attention, inhibits response.

Regulates sensitivity to punishment.

Page 14: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

behavioral medicine

Page 15: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

behavioral medicine

Interdisciplinary approach; combines medical

and psychological components. Includes

applied therapies such as biofeedback,

hypnosis, diet and exercise problems.

Page 16: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

benzodiazepine

Page 17: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

benzodiazepine

Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia.

Bind to GABAA receptor to increase GABA

availability. Includes Valium, Xanax and

clonzaepam.

Page 18: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

cortisol

Page 19: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

cortisol

Primary stress hormone, released from

adrenals. Small amounts increase memory

consolidation; too much kills neurons

(overstimulation).

Page 20: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

cytokines

Page 21: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

cytokines

Small proteins that can cross BBB. Influence

neural function, cell-cell communication and

enhance immune responses.

Page 22: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

diazepam-binding inhibitor

(DBI)

Page 23: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

diazepam-binding inhibitor

(DBI) Regulated by hormones; regulates GABA

receptors and lipid metabolism.

Page 24: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

GABAA receptor

Page 25: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

GABAA receptor

Inotropic GABA receptor. Target of anti-

anxiety drugs; increases inhibitory effect to

reduce anxiety.

Page 26: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

general adaptation syndrome

Page 27: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

general adaptation syndrome

Assumes a limited supply of adaptive energy to

handle stress. Three stages: alarm (activate

systems and prepare to fight), resistance (no

immediate threat but alert & making repeairs) &

exhaustion (vulnerable, tired & burnt-out).

Page 28: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

HPA axis

Page 29: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

HPA axis

Interactions between hypothalamus, pituitary

and adrenals. All three are impacted by

prolonged stress.

Page 30: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

5-HIAA

Page 31: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

5-HIAA

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Metabolizes

serotonin. Measure urine levels to predict

serotonin turnover & screen for tumors. Low

levels correlated with aggressive behavior

(including violent suicides). High levels

correlate with autism.

Page 32: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

immune system

Page 33: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

immune system

Body’s defense system against infection

diseases, doesn’t include brain. Includes white

blood cells, B cells, antibodies, antigens, T

cells and natural killer cells. Can mistakenly

attack normal cells (autoimmune diseases).

Page 34: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

James-Lange theory

Page 35: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

James-Lange theory

Theory of emotion; I see a bear, run and then

feel afraid. Emotions are labels we give to

autonomic arousal cues & physical actions.

Page 36: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

leukocyte

Page 37: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

leukocyte White blood cells; made in bone marrow, ~1% of blood

volume (increase w/ infections). Live about 4 days. Five

types: neutrophil (first responders to bacteria & fungus),

eosinophil (fight parasites), basophil (release histamine),

lymphocytes (B cells, T cells & natural killer cells), &

monocytes (present pathogens to T cells).

Page 38: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

limbic system

Page 39: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

limbic system

Complex network of structures under cortex, on

each side of thalamus. Includes insular cortex

(feeling disgust), hippocampus, amygdala,

fornix). Involved in emotion, motivation, smell,

long-term memory and emotional memories.

Page 40: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

panic attack

Page 41: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

panic attack

Sudden but temporal experience of extreme

fear and anxiety. Characterized by rapid

breathing, heart rate, faint. Feels like heart

attack. Peaks in about 10 minutes.

Page 42: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

panic disorder

Page 43: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

panic disorder

Repeated attacks of anxiety. More common

in women and teens. Characterized by

sweating, trembling, chest pain, palpitations

and fear of dying.

Page 44: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

PTSD

Page 45: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

PTSD

Post-traumatic stress disorder. More common in

those who have lower cortisol levels. Symptoms

last more than a month after a traumatic event

(observed or experienced), include flashbacks,

nightmares, avoidance, and hyperalertness.

Page 46: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

Psychoneuroimmunology

Page 47: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

Psychoneuroimmunology

Interaction between psychology, physiology &

neuroscience. Study of interaction between

immune system, CNS and personal

experiences.

Page 48: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

pure autonomic failure

Page 49: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

pure autonomic failure

Wide variety of symptoms as a result of

autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Can

include little or no changes in autonomic

response to stress, less intense emotions,

fainting or idiopathic orthostatic hypotension.

Page 50: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

startle reflex

Page 51: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

startle reflex

Found in many species. Reflexive reaction to

sudden unexpected noise, quick movements.

Protects the back of the neck from attacks.

Page 52: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

stress

Page 53: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

stress

Generalized, nonspecific response to

perceived threats.

Page 54: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

turnover

Page 55: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

turnover

General term for replacement. Includes

replacing old cells, refreshing

neurotransmitter levels, etc.

Page 56: Kalat’s Book Chapter 12biologicalpsych.com/kalat/KalatFlashC12Alpha.pdfKalat’s Book Chapter 12 Alphabetical . ACTH . ACTH ... Used to treat anxiety, seizures and insomnia. Bind

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