u GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar fo 05.10.2007 LAC day 2007 1 GreekGram Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek Kakia Chatsiou [email protected]Dept of Language and Linguistics University of Essex Parts of this project have been funded with an ESRC Award PTA-2004-031-00112 , support which is gratefully acknowledged. Parts of this presentation have been presented in the LangUE 2007 International Postgraduate Conference, University of Essex.
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Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek
Dept of Language and LinguisticsUniversity of Essex
Parts of this project have been funded with an ESRC Award PTA-2004-031-00112 , support which is gratefully acknowledged.
Parts of this presentation have been presented in the LangUE 2007 International Postgraduate Conference, University of Essex.
Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek
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Outline
• Introduction – Overview of the ParGram Project– Project Objectives– Participating Members– The XLE Platform– Grammar Architecture
• The GreekGram Project– Overview– Assumptions– Coverage– Demonstration– Future Development Directions
Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek
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Outline
• Introduction – Overview of the ParGram Project– Project Objectives– Participating Members– The XLE Platform– Grammar Architecture
• The GreekGram Project– Overview– Assumptions– Coverage– Demonstration– Future Development Directions
Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek
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An Overview of the ParGram Project
Project Objectives
• Broad coverage grammars– Inclusion of important and frequently occurring constructions– Linguistically motivated analyses
• Parallel and crosslinguistic development of grammars between the participating members– All grammars are guided by a common set of linguistic principles
and a commonly agreed upon set of grammatical analyses and features
– Identical treatment of core crosslinguistic phenomena
• Methods in grammar engineering– Common test methods and evaluation strategies– Balance between efficiency, performance, reliability and
maintainability across grammars
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Participating Members
An Overview of the ParGram Project
PARC, CAChinese, English,
French
EssexGreek, Welsh
ManchesterArabic
OxfordMalagasy
DCU, IrelandChinese, English, French, German,
Japanese, Spanish
Fuji XEROXJapanese
Bergen, NorwayGeorgian, Norwegian, Tigrinya
Ho Chi MinchVietnamese
DebrecenHungarian
IMS, StuttgartGerman
KonstanzUrdu
Sabanci, IstanbulTurkish
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An Overview of the ParGram Project
The Xerox Linguistics Environment (XLE) Platform
• Under current development at PARC (Palo Alto Research Center, USA)
• An implementation of the Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) Formalism
• Implemented in C; works in Unix, Linux, MacOS. MS Windows version under development.
• Integrates a morphological analyser employing Finite State Technology
• Can be used for both parsing and generation• Includes tools for various grammar development activities (such
as analysing performance, test-suites)• The core technology used in the consumer search engine based
on natural language processing which is currently under development by
Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek
An Overview of the ParGram Project
• a Silicon Valley Company, currently building a transformative consumer search enginesearch engine based on natural language processing:– It is based on technologies that take advantage of the structure
and nuances of natural language– It offers an innovative approach to searching:
• It breaks the confines of keyword search queries using natural language
• Makes search more natural and intuitive• Aims at fundamentally changing how we search the web and at the
same time delivering higher quality results
(source: http://www.powerset.com )
05.10.2007 LAC day 2007 7
Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek
05.10.2007 LAC day 2007 8
Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek
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An Overview of the ParGram Project
Basic Grammar Architecture
Other Finite State Tools
Tokenizer
Morpholo-gical
AnalyserFST
Lexicon(s)(Hand-written
OrAutomatically
Extracted)
LFG Grammar
(rules, templates)
Grammar Resources(parsing
and generating)
Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek
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Outline
• Introduction – Overview of the ParGram Project– Project Objectives– Participating Members– The XLE Platform– Grammar Architecture
• The GreekGram Project– Overview– Assumptions– Coverage– Demonstration– Future Development Directions
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The GreekGram Project
Overview
• A preliminary effort to develop a large-scale LFG computational Grammar for Modern Greek
• Shares the objectives and principles of similar ParGram projects (parallel and crosslinguistic; balancing of maintainability and achieving large coverage)
• Current main focus is on development of grammar rules; the lexicon is kept as minimal as possible
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The GreekGram Project
Assumptions
• Focus on syntax (but in such a way that the representations produced could serve as direct and useful input for incorporation into semantic interpretations)
• All four possible Modern Greek Word orders are treated as equally acceptable in terms of markedness and acceptability
• Modern Greek word Order is represented non-configurationally (Tzanidaki, 1996; Alexopoulou, 1999)
• No treatment of morphology (using the Morphological analyzer or some other Finite state tool) – there is a separate lexical entry for each form.
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The GreekGram Project
Coverage
• All 4 possible word orders (irrespective of markedness)• Pro-drop character of the language• Subcategorisation frames of intransitive, transitive and
ditransitive verbs• Number, case and gender agreement within the NP or PP;
subject-verb agreement• Basic Relative Clause structure• Coordination of relative clauses• Some punctuation
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The GreekGram Project
Demonstration
Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek
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The GreekGram Project
Future Development Directions
• Account for a greater variety of verb subcategorisation frames
• Enrich the lexicon adding more lexical entries• Account for the morphology within the lexicon, using the
XFST (or other finite state tools)• Expand the coverage of the grammar to other constructions
such as interrogatives, imperatives and negation• …
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Thank you!
For more information and updates on the progress of the project visit