Civil & Structural DepartmentFaculty of Engineering &
Built EnvironmentThe National University of Malaysia
----------------------------------------------------------------------KKKH
4284SUSTAINABLE URBAN
DEVELOPMENT----------------------------------------------------------------------
KAJANG LOCAL PLAN FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
GROUP MEMBERS: NAMEMATRIC NO.
RESHMINDER KAUR A/P HARPAL SINGH A132843
NOR IZHAM BIN NOHANAZI A133921
SITI NURLIYANA BINTI ABDUL HASIF A132529
LECTURER : PROF. IR. DR. RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH BIN O.K. RAHMAT
INTRODUCTIONKajangis an old town in the eastern part
ofSelangor,situated 21 kilometers from Kuala Lumpur. Kajang is the
district capital ofHulu Langat governed by theMajlis Perbandaran
Kajang. This city is included inKlang ValleyorGreater Kuala Lumpur
because the position of Kajang is between the three major cities
(Kuala Lumpur, Seremban and Putrajaya). Since 2004, a few townships
have been developed in Kajang, such as Taman Prima Saujana, Sungai
Chua, Taman Kajang Perdana (Kajang Highlands) and many more. Many
high-end developments have flourished in Kajang such as Twin Palms,
Sri Banyan, Country Heights, Jade Hills and Prima Paramount.
However, its center is inadequately transformed. Urban renewal is
needed in order to change the old Kajang center. Thus, a new Kajang
Local Plan for Sustainable Developmentwill be proposed.
VisionProducing a self reliance town with a higher quality of
living in Kajang that make up the community are providing ahealthy,
productive, meaningful life for all community residents, present
andfuture. OBJECTIVES The plan shall address four broad sustainable
development objectives:
1. Maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth and
employment2. Social progress which recognises the needs of
everyone3. Effective protection of the environment4. Prudent use of
natural resourcesPRINCIPLESThe plan shall include the Sustainable
Development Principles as follows:
1 Quality of Development2 Integrating Transport and Development3
Minimum environmental impact due to surge in travel demands4
Development Access: Pedestrians, disabled people, cyclists, public
transport, private transport5 Parking6 Urban Design Principles7
Context: compatible with existing landforms and natural features,
retain, and where possible enhance important existing urban spaces,
townscape, parkland, natural or historical features; respect the
existing layout of buildings within the street space, integrate
into the local community8 Safety and Security9 Landscape and
Biodiversity10 Renewable Energy11 Air Quality12 Water Quality and
Drainage
1.0 Quality of DevelopmentProducing a self reliance town with a
higher quality of living in Kajang that make up the community are
providing ahealthy, productive, meaningful life for all community
residents, present andfuture. Whilst not all people and cultures
value quality of life in the same way, some of the basic issues to
consider when determining quality of life include the availability
ofemployment, levels ofhomelessnessand crime, and the presence
ofenvironmental pollution.
Plan 1 a)Vibrant Centre City-compact city; mixed used activity
centres and corridors
Figure 1:Location of Development at Kajang City
1.Proposed Development in Kajang (Masjid as the Centre)2 a)
2 b) Proposed Urban Structure for Kajang Development1. Vibrant,
transit-supportive, mixed use centres and corridorsIt has potential
for comprehensive higher intensity and higher quality urban
developmentGrowth to strategic Areasa) Activity Area-Major,
Community and Neighbourhood
b) Corridors-Urban and Neighbourhood
Manner in which new growth can be directed with the Activities
Centres and Corridorsa) Provide concentration of Jobs and people
close to major transit facilitiesb) Meet the residential and
employment thresholds for each type of activity centre and
corridorsc) Support a concentrated built form that optimizes public
investment and infrastructured) Provide a range of housing types,
tenures, unit sizes and affordibiltye) Are walkable and have
excellent connectivity2. Transit-supported Landuse FrameworkArea
with the potential medium or higher density housing forms and
greater mixed use will be connected to the primary transit network
which is a network of high frequency transit service that operates
every 10 minutes.a) Locating higher density developments and
transits supportive uses in Centres and Corridors along the Primary
Networkb) Increasing development densities near transit stations on
Primary Transit Networkc) Ensuring Design and mix of land use in
these areas emphasing on pedestrian oriented environment and
support transitd) Managing traffic in station areas, particulary to
reduce pedestrian or vehicular conflicts
Design to encourage transit use(Refer Figure 2 a) Diversity-
Mixing Land use Distance- Locating the right uses next to transit
Design- Creating a quality Pedestrian environment Density-
Intensity of people living or working in the area
3. Livable and vibrant City Centre
Reinforce the downtowns position as Kajang City principle
business Centre, premiere urban living environment and centres for
arts, culture, recreation and tourism
a) Faster, distinctive complete community with strong sense of
placeb) Reinforced the stability of neighbourhood
Effective protection of the environment and Prudent use of
natural resources
The design of cities affects their inhabitants safety, health
and sense of wellbeing.[endnoteRef:1] [1: ]
People need better air, better water, less noise, and more space
and nature to be healthier. As with all biological systems,
diversity is essential for health and renewal. Active street edges,
traffic management, the provision of shelter and clear pathways
between private and public space all contribute to personal safety.
Quality of life includes the human qualities of vibrant social and
leisure opportunities, social inclusiveness and support for
cultural identity, a healthy natural environment, and the simple
sense for both residents and visitors that congenial amenities and
facilities are available. A better designed urban environment
engenders more regular physical activity through walking and
cycling. Comfortable and stimulating spaces that incorporate
streets, squares, parks and gardens make a vital contribution to
the health and wellbeing of residents, visitors, workers and
shoppers. A city is an amalgam of moods, habits, customs and
lifestyles. The interrelationships between these elements
contribute greatly to the sense of identity of a city and its
places. Local culture plays a key role in encouraging
rehabilitation of built or environmental heritage to reinforce a
communitys sense of belonging and greater city pride.
Social progress which recognises the needs of everyoneEconomic
securityThe design of cities affects their economic prosperity and
stability.[endnoteRef:2] [2: ]
Recognition that good design has direct and indirect economic
dividends has been slow to gain momentum in Australian cities.
However, attractive and liveable places are vital factors
supporting economic growth in a fluid, global economy and influence
decisions to invest locally or elsewhere. Cities that give priority
to cultural development are seen as more socially cohesive and more
economically dynamic and therefore more desirable places to live.
Cultural opportunities improve the quality of city life and are one
of the deciding factors in settlement patterns.In Melbourne, the
follow-on effects of increased inner city living has introduced new
street use patterns as the local population uses the central city
as a new recreational base. The public environment supports this
increased economic activity at a macro scale it is part of the
image marketed nationally and internationally; at a micro level it
is frequently the space that fosters networks to develop in an
organised or incidental manner.True economy, however, is a
proportioning system a means of balancing needs, wants and
resources rather than growth for its own sake, let alone growth out
of kilter with the environment that supports it.[endnoteRef:3]
Economic stability and prosperity also involve mutually supportive
and complementary land use mixes. Combining facilities and spaces
on an urban scale focuses on efficient use of space and prolongs
the lifespan of the built environment. [3: ]
Democratic participationThe design of cities affects social
cohesion and cultural vitality via civic interactions and shared
activities.[endnoteRef:4] [4: ]
A city is sustainable when its people live in harmony in their
common space, creating a web of interconnected communities with a
strong culture of social justice, equity and open decision
making.[endnoteRef:5] For example, the expression of cultural
values through conservation of historic places can sit equally
alongside the integration of good contemporary design and art into
the public environment. A safe, comfortable engaging public realm
also helps to attract social activity, foster social connectedness
and build a sense of community. [5: ]
Just as biodiversity is an essential component of ecological
sustainability, so is cultural diversity essential to social
sustainability. Places should be meaningful (allowing people to
make strong connections between the place, their personal lives and
the larger world), democratic (accessible to all groups), and
responsive (designed and managed to meet the needs and aspirations
of users).[endnoteRef:6] Social inclusion is regarded as an
integral condition of sustainable development, recognising the
importance of public space to the processes of social learning,
public participation, equity, social inclusion and social
integration. The involvement of local residents, interest groups
and stakeholders, non-government organisations and groups with
special needs is seen as central to the concept of sustainability.
[6: ]
A sustainable city provides a higher quality of life for now and
the future. Today, communities are being challenged to examine
their expectations and aspirations. They are being invited to
develop new partnerships to achieve outcomes of economic,
environmental, political, social and cultural value. Communities
are becoming increasingly attuned to the spirituality of time and
place, the interconnectivity of resources, and the multipurpose
functions the landscape can serve.
Plan 2):Integrating Transport and Development
A good traffic management is aimed to optimizing the existing
infrastructure and improving the flow capacity at the city.
Strategies that can be applied in Kajang City centre are:i.
Redirecting the movement pattern of using the private transport to
the public transport and also improving the service for public
transport such as subway, busses and taxi
.ii. Upgrading the road systems by widening and implementing the
smart grid system for the transportation systems.
iii. Making a new Bus Rapid Transit Systems (BRT): BRT is a high
performance of public transportation bus service that combines the
bus lanes with high quality bus station. Traffic light will be
delayed for oncoming buses. It will decrease the amount of time
between stops. A part from that, a computer chip inside the bus
signal will sensor on the road. Then, it will alert the passengers
at the next station if the bus running on time. Besides, fair is
paid by using prepaid systems. So it can reduce the waiting time at
bus stop and waiting platform are elevated to allow for quicker
entry and exit to the bus. After that, the busses will travel in
their own lanes which keep the bus system independent to the
congested traffic.
iv. Subway or underground Metro systems Usage.
It is because, we can minimizing the usage of the land use. A
part from that, by using subway we can reduce the emission of
carbon monoxide and also reducing the noise pollution in the city.
This metro system is an electric passenger transport system with
high capacity and high frequency of services that totally
independent from other traffic, road or pedestrian. The location of
the subway connecting the residential area to the commercial area
at the centre of the city and also to the Sungai Langat region.
This Subway also linkage to Balakong which is industrial area.
Currently under progress, is the Klang Valley MRT from Sungai Buloh
to Kajang.
v. Tram system in KajangAtram-trainis alight-railpublic
transportsystem wheretramsrun through from an urban tramway network
to main-linerailwaylines which are shared with conventional trains.
This combines the tram's flexibility and accessibility with a
train's greater speed, and bridges the distance between a main
railway stations and a city centre.There is also a train-tram,
which is a train modified to also run on tramlines. Generally, the
tram-train and train-tram are interchangeable, although a
train-tram is based on a train design modified to also run as a
tram and a tram-train is based on a tram design modified to also
run on a train line.The tram-train concept was pioneered with
theKarlsruhe modelinGermany, and has since been adopted on projects
such as the RijnGouweLijnin theNetherlands, atMulhouseinFranceand
inKasselandSaarbrckeninGermany.Smart Transportation as used in
Singapore will be utilized,a system that touches other modes of
transport and need to keep moving.All the places will be connected
and the components like buses,train and subway will be able to make
decision together through shared data.The sensors on the road will
be sending information to Traffic Management and thus gives traffic
alert to commuters to make a better decision before travelling so
that do not get stuck in jam.
Anetworkoftramwayswill be forming part of thepublic
transportsystem in KajangBenefits of Tram System in Kajang Citya)
Low-floor Vehicles Convenient Handicapped-friendly b) Ease of
accessc) Efficient Serviced) Broad Network
Plan 3): Minimum environmental impact due to surge in travel
demands
I. CAR BOOKING & SHARING (Using one instead of owning
one)Car sharing is popular in cities around the world because it is
cost-effective for members and it benefits our environment. Sharing
cars reduces demand for new cars and encourages more sustainable
travel patterns, as members use public transport and walk and cycle
more than people who don't share a car. Car share users are charged
by time and distance, at a rate set by each operator. Costs
associated with fuel, vehicle maintenance and insurance are usually
included in the operator's hire fees. Car booking can be done
through call or online system .Various mobile points are available
where the booked car can be collected from the nearest station
Bremen Car Sharing Benefits 700 private cars replaced by
Car-sharing (3100 customers) The Bremen Car-Sharer shows a
reduction of about 5 million kilometres driven less by car (per
year) Increase the use of Public Transport and environmentally
friendly transport Reduction of CO2 emissions of about 1.9 tons per
year Improve environment qualities of cities How Car Sharing works
Car-Sharing is a tool for sustainable and energy efficient urban
development It gives an alternative to car-ownership - and
supplements the environmentally friendly modes of transport Reduce
Parking Demand Reduce the cost of Housing It is a kind of 'mobility
insurance' for cases when other modes are not sufficient The
integration into intermodal chains and into urban development is
key factors of the further development
II. ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY VEHICLES (EEV)
Emission standards for the definition of a clean vehicle will be
specified The most severe exhaust emission standard for internal
combustion engines issued to date. Economic incentives to switch to
more environmentally friendly fuels will be implemented
a) Clean Diesel Buses
Allnew buseshave to fulfilled the EEV emission standard so that
the entire fleet meets the EEV standard
b) Clean cars
Compressed natural gas (CNG) - In January 2011, there were
approximately 350 CNG vehicles that resulted in a 60% decrease in
NOx emissions - Partnership with gas provider
Electric - Partnership with energy provider - Reduce the energy
and emission of greenhouse gases - The silent and emission free
brings new possibilities for improvement in quality of urban
life.
Plan 4): Development Access: Pedestrians, disabled people,
cyclists, public transport, private transport
a) Collective Transport (Public Transport)Easy interchange
between different Public Transport modes - buses - bicycle -
taxi
b) Cycling Individual Transport Modes
The bicycle is the ultimate zero-emission-vehicle cycle streets
with priority for cyclists Provides layers, well defined signs for
people with a visual impairment
Infrastructure Cycle parking with good bicycle racks
(decentralised~ 2500 racks inner city On-street bike racks
Figure 3:Complete Infrastructure for Cyclist to encourage
cycling
Interchange / Bike Parking
Safe storage at Central Station Bike-racks at all regional train
stops
5.0 PARKINGS
One of the most common problems facing the population growth is
having more than one private car for each family in Kajang. As more
and more people owns cars, more parking lots become necessary.
Parking as part of an overall transportation system is one of the
crucial issues of our times. As the number of automobiles increase
exponentially, the need to house them in close proximity creates a
challenging design problems. Unfortunately, parking lots can
adversely effect the environment as well as detract from the
community center.
Shortage of Parking and Poor Parking Management System at Public
Transport Area
Parking lots should be designed to allow for users and
deliveries to reach easily on site, circulate through the parking
lots and exit the site. Clear, easily understandable circulation
should be designed into the project to allow drivers and pedestrian
to move through the site without confusion.
5.1 Park and Ride System
Kajang cities frequently find it difficult to cover all
passengers needs through the public transport network. Park and
Ride solutions offer a good solution to satisfy transport needs in
a sustainable manner. An improved Park and Ride service is foreseen
to reduce on-street parking, while generating revenue that will
balance maintenance costs. The measure consists of three main
components: the introduction of a new Park and Ride car park and
improvements to existing ones, better public transport connections,
and the development of an electronic system through which one can
book parking spaces in advance.The main objectives of the measure
are to: Increase the use of public transport; Decrease congestion
and pollution in the urban area; and Improve mobility in the city.
Propose Park and Ride System
5.2 Multi-Storey ParkEvery day, Kajang city centre receives many
people from outside Kajang or its own. Thus, it is expected for
many private vehicles to come in and out at regular intervals and
cause heavy traffic jam. Furthermore, it is expected that people
outside of Kajang will bring their own private vehicles and will
face withdifficulties in finding appropriate parking spaces. By
providing a multi storey parking at a suitable location, people can
park their vehicles at an affordable and reasonable price outside
of the city centre. Public transportation such as bus, shuttle bus,
taxis and public bicycles should be provided outside or at walking
distance from the building. Kajang Municipal Council could
introduce a pass such as being done by MyRapid for the people who
uses the multi storey parking to ease their access in the city
centre by public transports.
Propose Multi-Storey Park
Since, we want to propose Kajang local plan into a sustainable
development which is environmental friendly, so we also provide
bicycleparking facilities around our town in order to encourage
peoples to use bicycle.
5.3. Vault Parking SystemAutomatic or robotic parking is
undoubtedly the future solution to the decades old problem of
traffic congested urban gridlock, exasperated by the lack of
dedicated car parking space. Faced with restricted parking
possibilities on numerous projects, Vault Parking Systems sought a
solution to the parking issues which often hindered and sometimes
curtailed the viability of urban planning and development projects
due to the lack of parking space.Benefits:1. Maximise space
efficiency, life cycle cost, energy efficiency2. Maximise renewable
energy use and efficiency3. Minimise pollution4. Maximum safety5.
Minimum risk of damage6. Maximise operating and management
efficiency7. Speed of parking and retrieval of vehicles8.
Streamlined architectural and engineering design
Propose Vault Parking System5.4 Specialization Park for
HandicappedDesignated parking bays are for the exclusive use of
vehicles displaying the official disabled persons parking badge,
providing the badge holder is accompanying the vehicle. People who
use wheelchairs and those whose disability renders them unable to
bend their leg/legs require additional space at the side and rear
of the vehicle to allow them to manoeuvre without causing damage to
their own or other peoples property. Flush dropped kerbs should
always be provided next to parking bays. It is also important that
other cars do not park in front of the dropped kerbs as this could
prevent a wheelchair or scooter user from getting on a pavement
safely.
Propose Parking for Handicapped
Handicapped Parking Design5.5 Parking-Meter SystemAn others plan
to solve the problem on traffic congestion is by increase the
parking that will be run under a parking-meter system. Then, we
will duplicate parking rate during weekends to encourage people for
using the public transportation than their own cars to get
around.
Parking Meter System
6.0 URBANDESIGNPRINCIPLES
Urban design principles combine aspects of architecture,
landscape architecture. Public works, transportation system and
public arts to create dynamic urban environment. However with
increasing activities of these disciplines, it is better to
conceptualized as a design practice that intersects all of the
aspects.The design principles seek to foster good development
without inhibiting design creativity and flexibility. The basic
principles of the designs are contextual sitting, the importance of
pedestrian environment, architectural sensitivity, respect for
historic structures and durability of building materials. These
design principles should guides architects and developers and
should serve as a basis to design review committees. Urban Design
is the practice of shaping the physical features and to make
high-quality connections between places and buildings for the
enjoyable and safe activity of people. While creating places for
people, urban design must respect and enhance the natural
environment and use resources efficiently. .
6.1 Public Space and StreetThepublicspaceshouldbethe great as
the living room of the city which is the place where people come
together to enjoy the city and each other. Public spaces make high
quality life in the city possible. Public spaces ranges from grand
central plazas and squares, to small and local neighborhood parks.
The parks design and management should take into account
recreational requirements of all target age-groups. Different
age-groups have different motives to visit the park and different
interests in activities that they aregoing to undertake.Besides,
our Kajang city should provide street which is the connections
between spaces and places, as well as being spaces themselves. We
defined the streets by their physical dimension and character as
well as the size, scale and character buildings that line them. The
pattern of our street network is part of what defines a city and
makes city unique.
Propose Public Space and Street
6.2 Integrated City Linkages
Besides that, our transportation system must be complete and
having integrated city linkages to connects the parts of cities and
help shape them and enable movement throughout the city. It is
include road, rail, bicycle and pedestrian networks. The balance of
these various transport systems is what helps definethe quality and
character of cities, and makes them either friendly or hostile to
pedestrians.
Propose Integrated City Linkages
6.3 Landscaping and Installation
The landscape or others installation must be provide like
fountains, sculptures, water gardens and special lighting to
developed the best city or green part of the city that weaves
throughout in the form of urban parks, street trees, plants,
flowers, and water in many forms. The landscape helps define the
character and beauty of a city and creates soft, contrasting spaces
and elements and also created an aesthetical value. The best city
also must be provided with a high quality of street lighting.
Landscape Installation
City Green Part and Lighting
7.0 CONTEXTFOROVERALLPLAN
New development should respond positively and integrate well
with its surroundings, taking full account of site features and
local character. Its should be neighbourly and, where appropriate,
reinforce local distinctiveness and should never be designed in
isolation from its local context. Consider the wider context of the
local setting, the characteristics of the site for development, and
strategies for the overall design character of a proposal, to be
attractive and function well, the plan should take into account the
following:7.1 Respecting the local siteRespecting existing
development patterns should not rule out different forms of layout
and characteristics of the local setting. Indeed, in many
instances, this can help to provide variety, inject character and
ensure that land within the established boundaries of towns and
villages is used efficiently. Much, of course, depends on the
character of the area concerned and the nature of development
proposed. Departures from existing street patterns should be
carefully conceived, and not be produced by accident. The context
of the site should be analyzed to ensure that the development will:
Respect the qualities of the best of the surrounding landscapes and
townscapes Provide spatial characteristics and building forms that
are sympathetic to the surroundings Respond to existing land uses
and provide an appropriate mix of dwelling and uses Integrate with
existing patterns of movement
The Existing Building and Facilities in Kajang Town
7.2 Responding to the site
New development should respond positively and sympathetically to
existing local landscape features or characteristics of the site,
including established patterns of fields or gardens, trees,
hedgerows, ponds and ditches. These features can provide a
framework for new development, that will help to integrate it into
its surroundings and achieve the quality desired. Responsive design
also requires consideration to given to neighbours - it can help to
ensure that adjacent properties are not unduly overlooked or
overshadowed, and that potential conflicts between say new houses
and local commercial activities are minimized.This section
illustrates relevant aspects for undertaking the necessary site
evaluation, and includes guidance on assessment of the history of
the site, landform, flora and fauna, climate and noise and
nuisance.The characteristics of the site should be analyzed to
ensure that the development will: Respect the history of the site,
and appropriately protect and integrate features of the
archacological and built heritage Respond to the form of the land,
its contours and views to and from the site Make the best use of
existing vegetation and protect or create, appropriate conditions
for flora and fauna to thrive Promote designs that respond to the
microclimate of the site, and that might contribute to the energy
efficiency of the buildings designed.
The Existing Conditions in Kajang Town
7.3 Creating Attractive Surrounding and Spaces to LiveThe
existing pattern of development within an area can provide a good
starting point for the layout of new buildings and spaces.
Incorporating elements of existing local building patterns into the
structure of new developments can help to give them a clear
identity and a sense of belonging. New development should generally
respect the scale and massing of existing buildings nearby, and
should not dominate its neighbours. The aim of the designer should
be to create a sense of harmony and visual continuity between new
and old.The department will wish to see designs that have: A
distinctive overall sense of place that takes into account the
characteristics of the site and its setting Quality and
sustainability in the overall layout, in the form and detailed
design of the buildings, and the spaces around A visually
attractive human scale in each of the places created within the
development An appropriate use of trees and other plants A feeling
of security and a sense of vitality in all parts of the layout.
Sustainability in the Form and Detailed Design of the Buildings
and the Spaces Around
8.0 SAFETYANDSECURITY
Security and safety environmental sustainability are not only
compatible goals, but security is also a component and integral
part of sustainability. Sustainability has been considered the
broader, more encompassing category, and the role and importance of
security as an element of sustainability is often not explicity
recognized. Kajang is one of the cities that always have crime
cases. Parallel with Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan, where more cities
in Malaysia, a true microcosm of the country, and it leads by
example in the harmonious coexistence of its multi-ethnic and
multi-religious society, Kajang Structure Plan will propose and
take other initiatives to make Kajang is one of the safety city.
Over the next 20 years, Kajang City aims to build on this
achievement to create a society secure in its community integration
and social harmony that does none the less celebrate the diversity
of its culture. Hence, we have toproposed planthat canreducecrime
andincrease thesafety thecity.
8.1 Sufficient of Police Stations, Posts and Patrols.Kajang
communities require sustainable security to overcome the challenges
presented by post-conflict environments. We believe that policing
cannot exist in isolation, and must be developed in harmony with
existing and traditional community security structures and the
justice sector so that those who are in conflict with the law have
access to legal representation and due process. Interactions
between citizens, district safety committees, legal assistance
groups and police will have significantly improved through training
and provision of better equipment. Specialist support for women's
security concerns will be provided, including in cases of sexual
offences and gender-based violence.Patrol is typically the largest
function in police agencies around the world, and the majority of
officers tend to be assigned to general service duties. Patrol
officers generally spend their time responding to emergency calls
for service from the public, deterring crime through their
presence, and carrying out special assignments from supervisors.
This system works hand by hand with the police force to increase
the dispatch of police patrol to the scene.
Police Patrol Service8.2 Place the Closed-Circuit Television
(CCTV).Safety and security are the most valuable factor that rise
the city to the most sustainable ever. To be sure that this
principle run correctly and efficiently, we must establish a fully
major CCTV System that cover the hall city with unreachable cameras
with (360) degree view. CCTV presence will makes people feel safe
and more secure.The objectives of the CCTV System are defined as:
To help reduce the fear of crime. To help deter crime. To help
detect crime and provide evidential material for court proceedings.
To deter vandalism. To improve public protection. To assist in the
overall management of towns where CCTV is sited. To enhance
community safety, boost the economy and encourage greater use of
the town centre, shopping mall, and etc. To assist the Local
Authority in its enforcement and regulatory functions within the
town centre. To assist with traffic management. To assist in
supporting civil proceedings help detect crime.
Propose CCTV System in the City
8.3 Build Overhead Bridge or Zebra Crossing for Pedestrians
With the aim to ensure safe road crossing for pedestrians and
minimize trafficdisruptions, we has decided to construct an
overhead pedestrian walking bridge and zebra crossing at Kajang.
Jaywalking by pedestrians is one of the contributing factors for
traffic congestion and road accidents in the city. So, we should
construct pedestrian bridges at expanded road sections where
vehicles moving at a comparatively high speed, thus, increasing
road accidents involving pedestrians.This pedestrian bridge or
zebra crossing makes it clear the little importance given by the
authorities concerned for ensuring pedestrian safety. Many people
do not have proper knowledge of traffic rules. It is also the
reason why many pedestrians are found crossing roads despite red
signal. In the context, pedestrian bridges are more helpful than
traffic signal lights for ensuring pedestrians safety. Since
despite the presence of traffic lights and zebra crossing,
pedestrians mostly cross road recklessly, hindering traffic flow.
An intersecting overhead bridge in the road sections can ensure
comfortable walking and maintain smooth flow of vehicles at the
same time.
Propose Facilities for Pedestrians
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 LANDSCAPE AND
BIODIVERSITYFor the purposes of this project, the landscape and
biodiversity subcategory are classified into two points namely:a)
Physical landscapeThe physical landscape of Kajang can be enhanced
through implementation of green approach to everyday living such as
the green-roofing system and vegetated wall structures. This
approach does not require a large area as it can be mounted on
pre-existing structures. The landuse for Kajang requires the
buildings to be closely built to one another and even after
redevelopment this factor remains. Green-roofing concept
proposed
Vegetated wall structure proposed
Apart from that, various shrubberies can be planted along the
road and walkways. Shrubberies proposed on curbs
Grassed railtrack proposed
b) BiodiversityBiodiversity enriches leisure activities such as
hiking, birdwatching or natural history study. Many cultures view
themselves as an integral part of the natural world which requires
them to respect other living organisms. The general public responds
well to exposure to rare and unusual organisms, reflecting their
inherent value. Kajang already has an existing suitable location
for such activities which is the Langat River. However, as it
stands now the Langat Rivers condition does not have the capacity
to accommodate users as a recreational location. Langat River
condition
To rectify this matter, first and foremost the river needs to be
rehabilitated through various means. At the same time, the
responsibilities of looking after the rivers well being needs to be
shared with the general public by making the campaign directly
involves them and making it the peoples project instead of the
governments project by conducting communal activities involving the
rivers restoration. To convert the river into a biodiversity port,
platforms can be built into the water body to allow the community
to have a close contact with water and vegetation.
Langat River park proposed
10.0 RENEWABLE ENERGYSunlight, orsolar energy, can be used
directly for lighting homes and other buildings, for generating
electricity, and for hot water heating, solar cooling, and a
variety of commercial and industrial uses.The sun's heat also
drives thewinds, whose energy,is captured with wind turbines. Solar
energy is chosen because of the natural climate of the area as well
as to suit the limited space in Kajang as the solar panels can be
directly mounted on roofs as well as other outer surfaces of a
building. Solar panel proposed for residential and commercial
roofs
Another way of making Kajang more energy efficient is by
utilising wind energy and taking it one step further. By installing
wind turbines directly on lamp posts, the wind generated will not
only be maximised but also can be used to power the road lamps
themselves thus reducing the dependency on electricity provided by
power grids.
Wind turbine on lamp posts proposed11.0 AIR QUALITYThe
improvement of air quality in Kajang is dependent upon the other
sustainable development and is the result of different cumulative
efforts. The industrial sector located in Kajang generates harmful
emissions into the air that may compromise the health of the
general public. To counter this, the factories and other industrial
buildings could be monitored and the emission quality could be
enhanced through: Requiring the industry to prepare permit
applications for construction or operation permits, annual
operation reports, renewal application, permit transfers and permit
modification. Air pollution control equipment feasibility and
design studies Air dispersion modeling Air toxics monitoring Air
curtain, solid and bio-hazardous waste incinerator consulting
Resource for energy recovery and source testing. Catalytic or
thermal incinerator consulting
12.0 WATER QUALITY AND DRAINAGEThe current state of drainage in
Kajang is worrying as flash floods occur almost every time intense
rainfall happened.
Flash floods in Kajang
The livelihoods of Kajang residents are constantly crippled by
this phenomenon. To reduce the occurrence of flash floods, the
urban water management needs to be upgraded to increase the
infiltration rate of the city as well as reducing total runoff. The
concept to be employed is the Sponge City concept where the living
systems utilises trees as well as other natural landscape and soft
infrastructure to slow and absorb runoff before it causes
flooding.
Sponge City Concept
Apart from that, water recycling such as rainwater harvesting
and grey water recycling can be implemented to reduce water
wastage.
Greywater recycling proposed
CONCLUSIONRedevelopment projects can be small or large ranging
from a single building to entire new neighborhoods or "new town in
town" projects.
The process of redevelopment of Kajang is a decision made to
improve the lifestyle as well as the sustainability of Kajang
residents as well as adapting the landuse to enhance the citys
value. The choices of building that should be conserved and reused
or just demolished for the area of land it occupies will depend on
the importance and adaptability of the building and site. Some of
the determining criteria include:
The societal value of a given site; that is, the importance to
the community of the use of a site by community members or
visitors. The potential for the reuse of a particular site; the
physical damage sustained to the site and its support of future
use, the character of the existing site in terms of the proposed
reuse. The historical importance of the site; in terms of both the
physicality of the street-scape and the area, as well as of the
role of the site in the communitys understanding of the past. The
natural ecological conditions of the site; whether the site is
suitable climatically or can support the proposed environmental
work needed in the site.
Urban renewal has been seen by proponents as an economic engine
and a reform mechanism and by critics as a mechanism for control.
It may enhance existing communities, and in some cases result in
the demolition of neighbourhoods. From past assessments, it is
observed that the redevelopment of a town has been responsible for
the rehabilitation of communitiesas well as displacement.
Replacement housing might be difficult to control, leading to an
increase in crime, and such structures might in themselves be
dehumanising. Urban renewal is usually non-consultative. However,
to ensure that this project meets a successful end, the processes
and proposals need to be consulted with various parties ranging
from the government, the residents, consultants as well as
potential investors.
REFERENCE
1)Calgary
Developmenthttps://www.udemy.com/sustainable-urban-development/#/lecture/269720
2)Bremen Best
Practiceshttps://www.udemy.com/sustainable-urban-development/#/lecture/135669
3)Kajang Blogspothttp://kajangtown.blogspot.com/