Ka Muhpak US Gamthu Pawlkhat.

7/23/2019 Ka Muhpak US Gamthu Pawlkhat.

1/69

3

Dc Luapcd XV @cltau ]cwbdactC`hba> Cwe ^c ]cu

Eksucaec bha Ektulec Dkbclgceec

Clhrkfc dc pcklc ke duclc pacwddacd daob ahtboa taudkgotec cc, duc lca ke c ahb e`hk daob ahtboa ua,ske`due` ecl tucltucl ice` ske`due`the` c po zhetcl, hkbcl cth tcwa cdkice` dhhd ecl fka dc tahkaeop`k`h phe dact cakak. XV 8= stcths bcdca stcth !"# $cb dcpck dake zo tc c, ciupk ke %ouetcke &h`koe bha 'owc Vtcthcdkpce cdktce` pahkpahk bhkbu bclthe` (hw )ord Vtcth,]hes*b$cekc Vtcth fkath pcwb bo iuce` cdaue` bcl the`

dc pac eck dhk ak. +c pckec bclgue` the`ca dc daucgcddcwkdcwk c, hkbcl c tcwa dkice` ske`due` bopc bcdca,tccdske` bha bopc`clpc ihdlca dc tcl lua ak. (hw )ord daucsue`ca c suce tcwl lca ua ak-e fke,$ceàske` ka fka c pccdsceth +cwbpcu ke Vhkepcee*kcfkath due` òbpkpk dc lu c, c pccd bcktcd cakak. clbcd cpo ùcdue` dc lu lcalca dhk ak. (catce` due` bhaackdue` zoe` dc ludac lcalca dhk ak. /borkgc Vtcth catacedue` pcbl trhh# bha c suce tcwl ua tccdske`podacwl e`hbae`cba dacwe` dc lu ak. k bcl c $cu ske`ka fka +cwb pcu ke swhgcw cfka hkbcl ca daucdacb eksctaue bck lcalca c, c pccd $cudue`th c dksuce tcwl $k$hdaucsue` dacwe`ca dklu tahk ak. 3uc bo hk bcl c, ctha puba e`hk bo skcbscwbske`, `hbske`,bklske` fka ice` eclth dc ludac lcalca dhk ak. Clcu`clca tccdske` ecl tucltucl ]keh /clkb*#, 9*prhss/clkb* sue` c ol ctha akcl she`sce` lcalca ske`due`

pcwb dact bha %cèobkc /clkb* sue` c ol Voutahre%cèobkc, Vwhhtic* %cèobkc, dkfk c tha c phhd òb bha csca pkceth bo iuce` c thapuba ecl $k$h cakak.

Ctue` c dc `he hk bcl ske`th tcwa dc tha tahkaboa`clsue` cpo cdueìup c, ctha puba e`hkbo h$hr`rhhe#ske`due` ecldact bha tccdske` ecl tucltuclth boiuce`


2/69

9

c dahlphua ke c thapuba ecl ghfkguous# $k$h ak c,(o$hlihr dac cdkpce c tha puba gke`ke dktacwk ke(o$hlihr dac ihk 6hfhlihr dac sue`ke puba skce`ke7kethr aue pacbik aue tue` pcaak. %ucbtue` hb$e> ===-

tue`skca ca caoeaoe c po tccdske` ecl tucltucl tcllcalca ak. 3ccdske` ecl tucltucl ]keh :clkb* sue`ca> XVC kkeksucaec bcl c po, 0cbscl /kr, /rcshr /kr, 3clcrcfd, &hgVprufh, 7akth Vprufh, 0bcfd Vprufh, 1cfd ]keh, Vaortbhc:]keh, Vbcsa ]keh, ;oe`bhc: ]keh, 3cibh %ouetcke ]keh, &hg]keh, ]ktfa ]keh, csthre 7akth ]keh, Vfots ]keh, ;oibobb*]keh, kr`kekc ]keh, 9crobkec 4hlbofd, fkath ak c, eksucaec

bcl ca ecl 2< tcd ol ak. (ktulec bcl cak 9cbk:orekc, 5rhòe, 7csake`toe Vtcthgue` sud the`ca> ]cfk?f Vkb$hr /kr, 0rkstbhfoeh /kr, 7akth/kr, rceg /kr, Cbpkeh /kr, 9cbk:orekce &hg /kr, (oibh /kr,Vuicbpkeh ;crfa, 7hsthre ;crfa, 0rhwhr-s 7hhpke`Vprufh, e`hblcee-s Vprufh, 7akth Vprufh, 0bcfd Vprufh,9oborcgo or 0buh Vprufh, Vktd Vprufh, 7akthicrd ]keh,9oborcgo ]keh, +eoifoeh ]keh, %hMkfce ]ke*oe, ;og`hpobh

]keh, ]ke*oe, Cpcfah ]keh, ;klihr ]keh, 1hrh* ]keh, Vu`cr]keh, 'ethrlouetcke 0rkstbhfoeh ]keh, Vke`bhbhc: ]ke*oe,7hsthre 7akth ]keh, 0ksaop ]keh, ]oeghrosc ]keh, ]crr*]ke*oe, %oethrh* ]keh, 6k``hr ]keh, Voutawhsthre 7akth]keh, 3orrh* ]keh, 0k`foeh 6ou`bcs /kr, 6ou bcs /kr,7hsthre 4hlbofd, %ouetcke 4hlbofd fka cdkpce ektulecbclca ecl I ice` dkdahe taucatauca bck c, eksucaecbcl c ecl 2< tcwa `cwl bhe` ecl F= $cb ice` ak zhe ak.

&hgwoog dkfk ske` còb lcalca bha c daceto lcalcathcdue` lcl ahac $k$h zoe` dklu tahk ak. 3ccdske` ecl tucltucl c tahkasc ecl tclpk akzcatcbcdca hk `cl c po ecldactth dokth tcdtcd pcwb ak gkeàkcl fka zoe` dc `he fkce tahk lhhb dhk lck ak. +cwb`clca clca bha clca c po ecl dact dacwe` ihdlca ka


3/69

6

`cl ka bhk ca ka ehk c, aka bclca c sceec clue clucb bhac daucaue tcwa dkzuk ke tccdske` ecl tclpk dklu tahk ak.C aoeaoe ke cfkke` cfkke` ke htbcwl tcdke po e`hbae`cbaak. C duclca phua ke pahe` paud ahtbo ke clca bha clca

ke dace`to scd e`kbae`hba ua c, c `cl c bhk c `ucl clucb tcwa htbcwl scd lcalca uaak. 3uc bo skca, hbh$ctkoe ,=== euck c po ske`due`th phe cdahlphua pakcb lcake c tha puba ecl $k$h lca ak c, ctha pubabo c ol suesueth phe clca bha clca c, c po akphualca bo ke cdksuce tcwl $k$h cakak. (k sucaec bhaektulec, bhktue` bce`dact bha bce`dact tucd caka lcaice`ke ctue`c doe` `hba tccd ske` ecl pcwb dact bha

`clpc bopcth bo iuce` hk bclca cdkict pka ske`due` c olahtbo zcw ak lck ak.

Ctha puba eclth phe ecl tclpk lca ol c, hkeksucaec bcl c po ske`due`th dact zoe` tcwa dkice` boak. 7cbeut :clkb* sue` c ol ske`due` ecl tucltucl,0hhfa :clkb* dkfk sue` c ocd trhh ecl tucltucl, &osh:clkb* sue` c dkahb c pccd aoka tahk lcalca bha c `caehk ske`due` ecl, 7kbbow :clkb* sue` c dkahb ske`due`

pcwb dact bha %cpbh :clkb* sue`ca bca ske`due` cthath clhhb dkdahbdahb ske`due` ecl tclpk cgkb cgkb ke ec olpahe`pace` bck lcwd c, c thapuba ecl $k$h ak dake pakcbak.

Cthath c puba lcc ke cek cek ke clhhb ctucltucl keaoe` dkdahhbdahhb ak. Clcsc ke ske``ca lke gke` ccdktacwk ice`ke c thath aoe` ce` akuakcu lcsc ak. 3uczcwa fkce`ke aoe` puce` akuakcu ak. 3uc zcwa tha cksce

lhhb ice`ke aoe` he` skl ghgc ak. C scwttha fohh lhhbice`ke aoe` gupsce skbskcb ke htbcwl lcalca ak. Cske`tha lhhb pucd gce ua phe ske`due` dact bha dactdkice` dkl ahtbo c, c lhhb c tucltucl dkahba ikbikcbke`cb$c `clbcpk pce dk`cblua tahk dcwkdcwk ak. ]cwb dactthaoe` ce` paot cc, tuc zcwa tha aoe` cu ke aoe` puba bhb


4/69

7

ak. ]cwb dactth c gul lhb pce aoe` sce akcuakcu ke tuczcwa tah fohh lhhb aoe` sue cc aoe` puba ak.

Vke`due` dact tue` ihdihd ca c thath c lhhb dkdahhbgce dktucd bo ke ctha lhhb c tucltucl puc tahk bck lcwd

ak. Vke`due` pcwb dactth bhubhu tha c due` iup ke c thathc cusce tcwa c cudcce tcwa c gup sce c, c he` bhhGbcctcwa (o$hlihr dacsue`ke c lhhb tucltuclke dkdahe cluaec phua ke ka lkt aoe` bc tahk lcalca ak.

3uc zcwatha auka gcl zoe` bkla euea tahk lcalca cske`thath cek cek ke puba fkatcdke pubapuba tc ak. 3uc phe/cbb or Cutule dkfk ak. 6hfhlihr dac sue`ke cthath pubaskce` dkuadhua ke cdue`dhu tcwa dkice` bkebkce ak.

3ccdske` bha cgce` ctha puba e`hk bo ske`ecl dactthbo iuce` ske` dahlphua ctha dact zoe` ol bo ke cakce`dc shlscl $k$h ihd dklu tahk ak.

Jcbb bcegsfcph


5/69

8

Pkethr bcegsfcph

3uc ske` akce` dc sklshlth euck c po bopcth zoe` gulsktsht zo ecwe bo ke puce`dce ahuacu tc cc, dkl bhapccl cdklu tahk `clducl dahlphua c ihksc dac taulaue sue` tcwa dkice` ecwe phualca bo ak. 3uc auebcktcdke ske`due` bopc dahlphua c ake` tcwa dkice` bo keshaehb tue` cc ecupce`th dklcwbec ske`akce` dhu dksuce

tcwl $k$h tcwa dkice` ak. uud zoe` c luelueca dkc tc c, ske`due` bopcdahlphua $uud ke tuclehba tahk zhbzhb ak. 3uc ice` auefkce`ke lue dahlphua $uud ke tuclfkp caka lceke luedahlphua dcce` pahupacu dake cc pct puceiu tcwadkdaua ehba caka dhk bha ecupce`th dklcwbec $ut dce`pahupacu bcd cc dksuce tcwl ske`due` $k$h tcwa dkice`ak.


6/69

:

Loecfo ]crd Cpcrtlhet cc dc ol bck ua vuud dkct aue dact

Dauc Bul Fkce`ke Vke`due`th Vhb Dkd %kdce` pcu ke Vprke` dkfk %crfa dac pce %c* dacsue`ca ]acbik aue aoe` ihk ak. 1ueh H 1ub* H Cu`ust sue`

phe dauc dacb aue ak bhubhu ak. Vprke` aue pce dkpce kedauc aoe` bul fkce`ke, cthapuba ske`due` dahlphuaaoe`shb gke dktacwk bhubhu ak. Vke`due` pcwb dactth clcsc ke cdue`iup ke aoe` pccd zkckzuck ak. Cdue` iup kepccd zhkzck caka lceke pccd lhhb c tucltucl, c sce cdce`, c ecck he` fka ice` ice`ke lhhb tcltucl tcwadkahba gklgkcl c ht bcwl pac lcalca bhubhu ak. 3uc zcwa tha ctha bha c`ca dktoeke aoe` shbdacwl

aoe` `ca dacwl ak. ]cwb dactth bhubhu tha ctha ihdlcac shbpca pcwb dact ol bhubhu ak. Vprke` aue pct scwe`the` cdkpce Vullhr ihk duce goe` ske`due` bopcdahlphua gul sktsht bha ekl gkbgkcb dkGtauca dacwl cc,htbcwl skbskcb lcalca aue cakak.


7/69

0

XV `cl phe dauc aue dkdahhb icka lcalca ak. +uldact bha dul dact zoe` dkice` phualca bo ak. Ctue` cske`due` th ice` phe %crfa dac ihk duce fkce` c, pccdgke` c dktacwk c ol pctpct ace`ke, dauc aoe` bul icka

phua bha %crfa dac bckzce` dacwe` ke pccd gke`ke aoe`dkpce dake lcwd ak.

4ka aue sue`ca ske`due` bopc ekl gkbgkcb gul sktsht cchtbcwl lcalca aue ak tcsh bha, Cprkb pce Vhpthlihrdac fkce` dac F aue sue` phe pke`phksulphk dkphk aue,aukaskc `ucaskc eue aue bha zud aueke dkfkcltha ak. 3ucaue sue` the`ca Jtorecgo proeh crhcs@ dkfk c tcl $hk pacghua pke`phkpksulphkpk dkphk tahkaec lueth ca c euck

cc daucpk bha `clth dkahb ak.

Fktkhs> Vtcths>

=3. Odbcaolc Fkty, OD =3. Dcescs

=9. Auetsvkbbh, CB =9. Odbcaolc

=6. Wophdc, DV =6. Whxcs

=. Wubsc, OD =. Cbc!clc

=". Va#hvhpo#t, BC =". $h!#csdc

=%. $csavkbbh, W$ =%. C#dcescs

=&. 'k(aktc )cbbs, W* =&. +oc=-. 'k(aktc, DV =-. Boukskcec

=. /k#lkeacl, CB =. kssou#k

3=. Bke(obe, $ 3=. +ekcec

Caka ace`ke c tcdtcd fkce`ke daucaue zoe` dul dactbha dul dact dkice` dkbdhb bo ke dkdahhbdahhb ekboa cc, `hedaoba tahka tcdtcdec ol ecwe bo lck ak. !=2 dul

(o$hlihr 2" ek ke 'bbkeoks, 'egkcec bha %kfak`ce stcth dklthe` ca aukapk ecd eue lcalcake, 7csake`toe, 'bbkeokssue`the` ice`ca ecskc eue lcalca ke kee tclpk csudskct iceca lkake` zoe` < tcd sk ak.

k +cwb`cl tcwa dkbha iuba bkebkce phe, hk bclcaVullhr phe ka `cl c dhu lcalca sce bcktcd cakak. 4k


8/69

1

bclca Vullhr dkfk 1ueh, 1ub*, Cuùst phe ske`due` bopcdahl phua ake` sktsht gul sktsht c ol aue bcktcd bhaùca bca c utbck phua ke zu ak. C dauc aue phe hkbcl lcaice`ke c sct lcalca aue caka ace ke c`cl ua dhu

`hl`cl fka olbo c, ske`due` bopc dahlphua cake` sktsht aue cgulgkbgkcb aue bcktcd ak zcw dkd ikbihb ak. +aucsue` luedahlphuaca tuk iucdec gke` c ickasc ke dkdoka dake ak.

3uc caka zkcdke keelck the` dahlphua bha bclgue`dahlphua bopc aokatcdke dklhht lck gkdghd ke he` gkbgkcbc bueèop auck lcalca ak.

Vprke` bcegsfcph


9/69

;

Vullhr Bcegsfcph

Dauc Aue ôe` Dkbclgce` Lcalca 'a +cwb`clca 3uud, ]acbik, +aucdacb &cke*, 9obg,

Vullhr# fk ke daucaue taul ihd ka ehk c, daucaue cdkdahe gce zoe` dkbceà sktsht ak. 4k bclca Vprke`,Vullhr, Cutule or /cbb, 7kethr fk ke daucaue ecl bk ehkuaak. Vprke`> %crfa to %c*, Vullhr> 1ueh to Cuùst,Cutule/cbb /cbb phe Clhrkfceth dclzct gce ak c ske`thadkctpubaaue c fkaec lca ak pca gke` ak.#> Vhpthlihr to(o$hlihr, 7kethr> 6hfhlihr to /hirucr* cak c, daucaue

ecl bk tcd ol ak. &cke* shcsoe c doka boa ace`ke ùca ihb zu $h$h ak. Cbkl zud e`kcbtha tcl tahk phualca sobecwe ak. Cak zoe`keùcazud aue fka tuce ol lhhbbo ke aka daucaue bk sue`cac utbck phua ke zu ak. C gkcdgkcd ke 5rhòe Vtcth ice`ca&cke* shcsoe cdokaboa ace`ke ùca c tcl e`kcb fkce`ke


10/69

3=

dul dact ke ek == ùcazu ak tczhe ak. Clcu Vtcth ca ctclzcw ctha puba e`hk bo tccdske` ecl tucltuclihdihd po tc bhubhu c, dul tcwe dac tcwe ke c`cl uaekl gkbgkcb ghe ak.

%ue dahlphuaca aukapk ùcapk uce` pacgkcd ak.(cturcb gkscsthr dkfk, 4urrkfceh, 3*paooe, 3orecgo,9*fboeh, 'fh Vtorl, 4ckb Vtorl, Veow Vtorl, Vceg Vtorl,6ust Vtorl, 3aueghr Vtorl, ;kàteke`, /rhhzke` &cke,

3orrhetkcb &cke fkath cdkpce daucaue skc lcalca uce`lcalca pacgkcd c, +cwb`cl ice` c, pahhd dact bhataopuce dact tcwa go zcwa gke` ice` ak phualca pcb boak. C bcuauck lcalca torecgo pkce aue phe dulskcb ke

%c* to Vhpthlihr dac sue`the` dacwe` ak pacgkcd ak.4ka aue sue`ca ùca c zud boa fkce`ke sct fkatcd ke sc c,do olec 3ubsc ice` dc tue zcwa ua dul taul dul!=22, 1ub* dac# sue`ke 22"/ goe`goe` sc lcwd ak.+cwb`cl dauc aue phe aka bcl dauc aue tcwa thadcdbhe` eopfka tcd lca c, c eucl cakak. Caka ace`ke 3 sue`ca dauc aue tcwa dksck `heecwahctahr faceehb c tucl $kb$hb ke ehk c, XV `clsueìup

dauc aue c `he daobaecth whctahr :orfcst# phe dkfkcebcw lcalca ak. (kpk dactsue` c `hedaoba phe dkphbaahtbo tcdpk ak. C bcuauck aukaskc ùcaskc c ol aue fkce`kesulphkpke`phk ol bha c ecwdecwdec gke` lueth 3faceehb dahlphua ca bha &cgko sue`ca dub cscdiceìce`ke `hedaob ke caue c pactt ke dkahlscd daobuaak. 'a loikbh paoeh sue` ec bhe`ca Jcbcrl@ aoe` `ke`scd bck lcwd uaak.

+c daucbzkeec dc tuetueec ca dc dkl dc pcl the` dclua dcwldcwl dc ht dcwldcwl lca ke dauc dce`ckasuesue ak. C`clua dace`to buc dksc ke `cl dact dacetoaec gke` c,cdkscl lcsc iubpk ke:rcGstrufturh# the` c cdkscpec luethe`ca c dklke dkfke` pkkdphhd ke icwb dake zo uaak. C


11/69

33

dkscl iubpkth dc fka fkce`ke `hethaec ke hk thb pcd gke`kelcwtcw bclpkth eksucaec ektulec bha bhkbu bhktcw zuce cdkfke`tcd c, c zkkd dakt pkkdphhd `ckaecth ka `he eopeccakak. 3uc iceca c dkscpec luelueca hbhftrkf lhk$cd

tue`scd ihd tacl boake, ceauce ecgke` ihd ak bo, keesue`bulscd ecgke` caka dhk bha c $ot scd ecgke` ecgoe`ke cdub iceìce` ke cdkscl zcazca ghka aueaue ke dkpkc tahkzkcuzkcu bck lcwd ak.

3uc c icwbscth ua cdkskct bha c pucapuca gke` ihd kescl ak. C dub ecd bha c lkbkp dacezkc tcwa dktucd ke cdubec scesce ca cdub iceìce` ke c auebcp ke bclihatoto bckbck gke` uaak. C tcdtcd ke fk bhe` bhktue` pce`bce`

tucd ca c dkthe` ak ihd c, hklcu dkce` lcalca zoe` cc,sue bha zce dkdahb tce`tce` c aoe` tcce` ek bha dacth-euck c ecshl skbicwbth lca cak uaak. C lcu lca tcwa kaehkadacwl ek bha dacth c tul aue ke tul ke c suca aueke aoe` sucd ak. Cak zoe`ke ctue` c dc `hesc clca ice`ke c lcu `clbha bhk phe dacetoa fkatcd ke dace`to ke hk eksucaec bcltcwa thadcd gke` ice` ak phualca bo ak. %kake` thdthd c

pkce` iuce` hk `cl hk bhk eksucaec bcl `clth iceàce`ke ak zcatc ke dkzhdck ghua sh cakcl..A +ace`buk bck keka pu ka pcth-e (k bha +ac skcl fka dcllcb phe, `cl acu`cl euclscth cfkaeopec ke c dkbklzct lcalcaice`lca ke, clcu aoa (k bha +ac ke skcl tucl pac gkcdtcdpk shsh ak gh akclA.. fk ke dc daucd sue`ca e`ckasutectucltucl aoe` paubdakc gcugcu tahk ak.

Dul Dact Ke Eka Zhk C Eck Caue! Xa Dakee+ul skcbke eka $hktc c eck ua dakee ak. 5ftoihr ihk duce(o$hlihr dac fkce`ke zke`sce` eck ">== C% ke dauc zke`bck lcwd ak. 3uc caka lceke dauc$cd H eksuca H ektul Hdauclkcb aue tcwa dktucd gke`ke c aue ua dkeue`dke scddkd cc, eck dact dkeue`dkescd ak. 3uc lca ice`ke dauc


12/69

39

dacb dkpct ekscu aoe` dkpct %crfa dac fkce`ke ek tol bckcc, c eue`dke scd phe eck dact lca lcebce` scd bhubhuak. XVC phe hk `cl tcwa thaec ke hKuctor scdbcl casce`to zcw caka lceke ek tol aue bha ek scu aue

dkbclgce` buc zcw caka lce cakak. te> !=2 dul ke(o$hlihr ek ! ek ke eck 2 eue`dke scd cc, !=2I %crfa dacek N ek c dkpce, tuc eue`dke eck dact phe eck 2 lcebce` Heck dact lckdake bhubhu ak.#

Zuud Dkct"kce` Dk#uck Lcalca uud aoe`dkct fkce`ke zcedact tau ke =.8:t G !:t ice`scake ec dkc tahk c, $uud zkkddakctec shtth tcwa bclpkth csue c zce thebo ke $uud ecwtdakctec shtth tcwa ec

ecwddakc lce pcapca uaak. 3uc ak dhk bha scwt$hkpkpkbclpk ca lcwtcw c pck tahk bo gke` cakak. 3uc dc fka phedo olec 5dbcaolc Vtcth sue` c`he dc ak c, 7csake`toe69, (hw )ord dacwe` ca c bkldkct e`kcb fkce`ke :t G I:tgoe`goe` sca lcwd ak. XV `cl eksucaec bcl tukpk `hkgue` the` ca hcst focst# dulskcbke $uud sca tcd ke dkcpac gkcd ak. 3uc ice` $uud dkct aue fkce`ke $uuddkctec c luelue

ca $cebhhe` tucbth $uud ke tucl ehba caka lceke,$cebhhe` tu tahk bo ke c $uud dahlphua c ahpdakct daktgkdghd fkce` ihd ke tu scd tahk pce ak. uud phe c scaectcwa dkzuk ke caue bccd dub c, cak zoe`ke clcu `clca$uud ecwtdakctec shtth seow pbow# tcwa c sue c zcekeecwtdakc pcapca caka lceke $cebhe` tucb phe scwt $hkpkdkdacd buc fka olbo ak. uuddkct dakt fkce`ke thlphrcturh dca tuce dhk phua bha

tuksucd tucebo ke c ekbdakctsc $uudth bcl`hk ca dkfkce`hucu ak. Vcwt$hkpk tuksucd dhk bha c scwttha dauc cbulace`ke tuksucd tahk ecwe bo lcwd c, bhktce` lca ice`kelcwtcw tcwa ecweke c puc bclca iucddakct dub ak. Cakaace`ke XV th phe cacua lcalca ice` lcake $uuddkctdkctec ca sue tcwa zce tcwa $uud ekbdakc ua c,


13/69

36

cdkzce` lcalca bcl taupkth scu$hkpk dkdacd fka iceòl daob bo ak. (cr`ks 9*fboeh aukapk aoe` eue bck ke )ceòe cske`pudth c aca skce` dkuadhua zcwa goe` dac ùd pce

dul dact pakcb ihhd scwt gke` ak. 3uc zoe` cgkcdgkcdke]uibkf 7ords bha 'rrk`ctkoe 6hpcrlhet pceke clcu shtehka the` c lcu ecshp cwb bkce` ke cdkshpscd tcdthacdkzo zo pce cakak. 4ka bck ca tuc ice` zca lca c,cacatccd $uuddkcth tahkaboa dcbdcb ke ec aca dake lcepcapca ak. C $uud ùcd ihd phe eccb daobbo ecpk-e c $uudtuksucd phe c dacba dkd fkce ke lcwtcw fka tacgcalkake` zoe` dkpck tahkbo ke eccb lcalca ak. 'ee pcwb

dactth ice` c lcwtcw iud ua c pckec ehudac dacl pkcebha dca zo ecwe bo ke bcl`hk dacwe`ca zcetcl scdthe`tce` uaak. uca dac dact sue` pakcb c zudsce`ke $uud ke bclpk ekeka ek taul sue` c tuclfkp phe bclpk dkskc zcw ak. ucaice`zcatc ke c zud ace`ke c ùcatuk bcltue`ca dk$ue` boke buce`dakc pcapca ak. uud ke ek taul ek bk bclpk tue`ctucl fkce`ke ceuck bclca c tuksucd lcscsc tukth cpuc

bclca buce`dakc tahk $ct bo ke c euck bclpk tue`catcwltcwl ke pckbht ke butsud shhpke`# caka lceke bclpktue` c tuk$ue` lca tcwa dkice`c, $uud ke bclpk skcscdlcalca ak. uudth c tuksucd ickaec gke`ke fkGcb dkiucdscwescwe caka lceke ctuksucd lcscsc cb bckbck c,lcwtcw bclpk lcktce` phe obtcd ke skc scd zo paclcalca ak.

Daucaue Ke Lkake` Bue`skl Aoe` Dahhbdahhb +cwb `cl ca dul dact ke daucaue taul ka ehk ak.Kuctor dkl cc thhe`th ke dauc aue dact ihd lca ehk fkke ka fkcltha ak. +ul dact sue`ke daucaue dkdahhbec col boa lca ice`ke dkl bh pcl ske`due` bopc zoe`dkdahhbec lhhb ol bo pca ak. +kl bha pccl tacdsuca e`hk


14/69

37

bo ak. +kl bha pcl c dkdahhb boa lca ice`ke, bue`sklzoe` tacdsuca e`hk bo pca lhhd gke` ak.

4ka ektulec bcl ca dul dact ke daucaue bk ehk cc,daucaue dkdahhb skcbskcb ke dkl bha pccl ske`due` bopcth

zoe` dkdahhb pca bkcebkce ak. +auc gcl buc, dauc ub buc,auka skc `uca skc c tcl aue bha, dauc aue c eop lcalcaaue fka ice ke dkdahhb dcwkdcwk ak. 3uc daucauethdkdahhb auacu ke ka taucdec bha ka luaec tcwa dkzuk ke kae`ckasutec zoe` dkdahhb dcwkdcwk ak.

3uc caka lceke, bck`hba skcl bc paucd skcl thdthd cakaace`ke, daucaue dact ihd c ehk `cllkth sce`ke,daucaue taul bha bk c ehk, `cllkth kk bck`hba bha

bcpaucdth cc- phe dkfke` zcw, taudiue zcw bhazcdeopauck zcw bklbkl gke`ke dc e`ckasue ak. 9kaeopecca tuc ice` cc bck`hba skcl bck`hba lketace`, bc paucdskcl bc scd skcl c suca tahkaec gke`ke c dauc aue bha cdkkl c pccl ke pcapka lcalca ak c fk eucl ka akak. 3uc ihd tacl boake daucaueth auacu ke, bhktue`cabcpaucd lketace`, bck`hba lketace` ka fkath aoe`pkce`dakc ihd zoe` ak bo ke, tuc daucaueth pce dkgcbdaoba

tahka ecgke`ke $cezct gke` dkscl tucltuclth aoe`pauce` aoe` icwbtcwl frhcthke$het# tahk pca uaak.+auc aue dkbclgce` lcalca bha daucaue skcth dk`kedkgcb ecgke`ke caueaue ke dk`ke` daob ua caka lceke, ce`ckasutec sue` uca dkdaucbdaobaec bue`skl $ol gheuaak. %ckbcl ca c pkce` tahk gke` tauth e`ckasue ke dk`ke`sc ke ol uaak.

3uc ak cc, c ice`dkl cc lketace` c dace`toth bklbkl

phe, c daucaue ua ace`ke c dkkl c pcl cdkecddahhbdahhbec, ektulec bcl `clth lcaca, c tcl zcwaoe` pkce`dakc ak fk ke upec dc ehk ak. 3uc caka lceke,eksucaec bclth sce`ke ecdpk tcd c, c dacetoa zcwdec uazoe` c tucthe` auacu ace`- lca cak thhbthhb tcl fkGke dce`ckasutec sue`ca aoe` paubdakc gctgct ak.


15/69

38

Clh$k"c %h Lca &k'e ]ac +cwb`clca eucl cdksc bo phephe lue dahlphua,daucpk dahlphua ca lhktac dkfke`bo ke dauclkcb sue`

$k$h ca dkGol ak. %hk dkfke` pkdphd ke pkc zo ak bha sul ehksul acutc gke`ke cdace`to `clth euetcd gce zoe`heabuct gke` cak dake scl dhk ak. XV ca caka bha lhk tcwa dksck keedce` lhkdce` bhaaukapk `ucapk sudskct caka dhk ecd bha dc tuezcwa lhkskcfka ol e`hk eck bo ak. Clcu bcl pce $ckk tucltucl ace`tcwa lkeuth dact lkeuth eka lhk pckscd boaec gke` dactol bha caue cpact ke aoe` zcscd tce`tce` lcsc uaak.

'eeduce dact c ol ecd bha keeiud boiud fka ehushhdecol tuce bo ke lk ololec ca lhk ctue boaec olbo ak. Csccplce c ikbb pkcd gke` cdkatcd lceke c aoe dhk bhafkaboa iuce` lk olec kee dahlphuaca c bul c $otpkcdec, tukdacb dokaec, ceauceec sto$h, clca bha c lcac pucescwpec, gcbduce` skkddhu sciuck thhl scwpecgke`, lhk cwkec gke` kee skl ca `cs tcwa dktaucafakleh*, daut tcwa duce`skbec, ec dahlphua dkfke`tcdke

dkdoka gklaghla ak. C zcwe` c acu, c zc ehu c zc `obdkice` ak. 4ka dce c keesue` eczct ihabcp tauca gke` oldcsc ecwe dhk ak. +cwb `clca 2N"= dakt c dkbcl &usskce /hghrctkoe thhlicss* zulpk `hk ca ekgce` bck ke Vo$kht Xekoe caka dhkbha c scu ke XVV& H Xekthg Vo$kht Vofkcbkst &hpuibkf dkfk#dc ol e`hk ua c, c lcwtcw th c pusuca bha c tul dkdfkce`ke, c doe` dacdpk ua phe lkake` aoe dub bo ke c`cb

pce aoeec rhloth foetrob#tcwa c aoe zkcuzkcu ua phebclgce` dksc lcalca ak. 3uc ihd lca cdklu lcsc cdktahk lcsc phe cakak.

XVC ca zul bkcepkpk bha storh bkcepkpk c, doe` dacdth fkatacgca keeskl ca c lcwtcw iud aoeecth tce`daucshk kec ec zce` dake pkdphd ec ak lcwd uaak. C kee `hk uca


16/69

3:

hbhftrkf lhk iubi# th ice` c dkce`ca ka tue ihd fkce` c,aoe` tcce` pce shksck $k$h dkiuba ak.

+aucpk sue` cakzoe`ke dauc ehu dauc tc sue`ca cakzoe`ke cdkscpec dahlphuaca kee dact phuaphua

lhkdce` pctcu tucd dac bha c pahbaec gke` tuklud ?rha*grcet# lue dahlphuaca dkdoka dake gklghl ak. %hkdct fkce`ke tukdaud pce tuk taue gkagka fka ol bo ke, tuctukludth tcwa iuba pca ke c aue bcpke lhkpahbath kepahba tahk pca zkcuzkcu ak. 3uc ak c, ctue` doe` pubccd dakctsc keesue` dact cdkscl $cezct dahlphua phe dkfke`tcd c cdoka gklghlthcdkpce taupk lcalca dc sc c, Clhrkfcth lca gke dkbcwl

dcsc ak.

Dc Xplcwa ^ca Ak Bo C ak zoe`ke +cwb`cl phd cc dc auct phephe lhkdaucltue` c, lhkdacu bha thbhpaoeh dacu c dck ehuecu phe dcauc lcalca ak. C dace`to eck bo c aoe` dkfkcltha hk bcl^ce`doe` daucsue` lue dactdact ecGe`cwe ca,lhkdacu dkdaue`th zce` ecwe bo ke fcibh dacu bhksue`

ca dkpaul ke lhkdaucl olecec ca dcato scd dkd ak.;cl`hk ca dacudck ehuecu olbo iceca c ske` c suce`tcwa dksuddacd gke` ice`lca bue`iuckec bha bcuauckecol ecwebo ak. 4ue dacttha )ce`oe daucsue` iuppk catuc ice` gce $k$h c zce` gke`ke zoe` dc uplcwa `k`hdact cakak. +hk uptau lcwdlcwdca zoe` dc e`ckasue daobdac e`hkc, c dace`to lcalca `clth ca bhkeuck $k$h ca

lhkdacuth pckscd gke` dc scd bha XV dc tue fkce`kedaucsue` the`ca lhkdaucl $k$h lca ec po e`hbae`cba$h$h ak. 3uc lhkdauclth tue`ca lhkdacu bha thbhpaoehdacuth ec dckscd ehuecu $h$h ak.

3uc ihd taclboake c lhkdauclth ice` &99 &hke:orfhg9hlhet 9oefrhth# daucl caka dha skkddaucl ice`gce c,


17/69

30

cluceauck $k$h ?irh tcwa dkicwb daucl dacwe` zce`ketha dc fka bha dhk uplcwaec ice` cak eucl hk bha,tccdske` gke` cc dkbcwl ske`daucl $k$h ec zce` zcw bckuaak. C ske`dauclth phe uplcwa sce ke dul tclpk

cdklce` gke` c, c icwb ihb ak ikbihb bhubhu ak. 3uc ak c, lhkdaucl bha lhkdacu phe dc uplcwaecsce`ke taupk dcsc dhk zcw ak. +aucsue` aothb bha zulbkcepkth olec boiuce` cdkl c pccl lhktce` zkckzuck tucedaobbo ak. ;cllhk ice` zoe` dkfke` tcdke luedahlphuaca dk$ccd dake tucebo c lue dactdactth cazke` skl dakcbdaucb $h$h ak. 3uc lcalca shll zoe` dcuplcwa zca ec ak tcdtcd bo ak.

C keeth c tcl zcw lhkdaud fakleh*# olec the` bhadkskbec iud olec the`ca I.8 kefahs c sca bhkshd phuatcwa ul ekceèuce` uaak. Cgce`the` ske` $k$h tcwa uluaak. ]cwbdactth c dkldot pce`the` zoe` bhkshd tcwa cul ua ace`ke I.8 kefahs ihd scascd ekceèuce` ihd c,tcka kee fka gke`ke fkatccd ahtbo ak. 4ukapk ùcapk c gcbecgke` ihd lca c, c puc bcl tue`tacl the` bhkshd c fkceùa cakak. C kee iubfke :ouegctkoe# zoe` dkfkce lhhbbo ke,

luceauck daobbo ak. C daucl iubth bhksue` taudpk dkto cdkpaut akbo c, ske`duce` ice` c cdkGe`c c dkiuba gce $k$hcakak. C tcdtcd c ulecth ske` dc fka poe` lcwd ace`keske` tcdtcd zoe` akbo ke ske` tcwa dkice` gkc icwbtcwl$k$h cakak. C sucb gcwa ske`lhhb suueth ice` zoe`ske`tcdtcd akbo bckbck ak. C aka ace`ke c keebcl gce ua phe c `hhb skcl ke czctgce c eucl tahktahk gke`ke icwb uaak. C keebcl gce ua

zoe` hk c-tcwa dkice` bo ak. C kee ua cpuc bcl dcwlphhdbha c sue`bcl ghkecth clce dakt paktpahttha ctue` dauapce uaak. k dkce`ca c daucl paut lcsc ke tuc zcwathabkce`zcwb, dcwlzcwb, sucbdcb c lcebce` tahktahk ke iubakec tue` ka daua pca fke`the` ak.


18/69

31

0ce`zcatc ke ùca tcl tcsh bha keesue` pce dkbklzcdlhhbbo ke ùcazud bcl zoe` dktahkbo pakcb zca goe`ke ckee ua iktscd ak. k bcl c skkddce`th keetue` dauaecgke`ke zce` phualca bo uaak. 0cweìud scdobiud

dacwe` ihd ca zce` uaak. ucazud fkce` c c`ke e`hka bogke` lhtcb sahht caka dhk bha woog sake`bh $k$h eccd zctak. Cdace`buk keeth ca doe`dacd $ce` bkce icwbbo cakalceke c keesue` ua lhk dkaoe` dhk bha dauc$cd tcl e`cabo pcwb dact ol ak. 0ceìce` dc fka ace`ke hk bcl cc tcka kee scalcalcath bha &99 dkfk skkd tcwe bha fhlhet, suce`sk,shaehhb bha tuk ka `cwl fkce` cc c dacua lcalcath

tcwa c daucl ka paut bha c sucb zcwb &99 krghr# thtcwa dc tuctec dc thadcdec ak ihd cc, c lcu bcla keethphe zkebke` bha ùcatuk ice`zca ke zu tc bha c dao bo gke`fka ihb ak bo bhubhu ak. Cak zoe`ke 3orecgo dkfk sulphk actlcalca cak cc, aukapk 2== H 2!= %]4 ice` ke eue`zhezhe bha c taucd zo gke` cdkbcl kee tcwl lcalcagke` ak. 3uc ice` c taucd zo gke` kee dact phe sul tclpktcd ihk dub c aka lceke duc lca-e dkbcl dkl zo phualca

bo gke` ak bhubhu ak. %kdce`th bha hk eksucaec bcl cth dauc$cd ka ghka gcezoe` dkice` phualca bo ak. %kdce`th bcla kee c aka ecdbha dkskbec iud bha lckpakctec scetcd the`ca lhk c tcce`lcalca bhbc gke`ke icwb uaak. Caka ace`ke bhe`bc daceca hk bcl ice`ke c tcce` tahktahk gke`ke icwb bo zcwlcwd uaak. C lhhb tucltucl tcwa dkdaua sciuck tue`cc e`cd c aka dhk bha sucbtue` cc, c scce` c e kcl

ghkazca cc doka tahka gke` lhkdauct ka fk lck gkcl tcibhbclp $k$h zce` zcw lcwd uaak. k bclca c tcce`lcalca irkàt bkàt# $k$h ka ghka zcw cc, ektulec bcl cth ke, c tcce` lkblkcb gkl bkàt# $k$h ghka zcw uaak. 3ucauacu lca c ak tcl.. ek tcce` shsc aue ice` fkce`ke c


19/69

3;

lkt ue taucdbca pac gkcdke lktbklbce` $ol $k$h c tclzcw ke iuba pca thd lcwd uaak. Cauce` ulecth zoe` c tclzcw ke ske` $k$h tcwa uluaak. Cauce` ulecth phe tccdske` $k$h ak bha dkbcwl zcw

bck c, caka ace`ke shcsoeke` c icwb dcwlke fahlkfcb dactphua tcwa `cwldacwl acltce` cak tcl.. luct ickatucd phualca aht bo bhubhu ak. 3uc gck ulec tcwa dksckke Clhrkfceth iuce` gke dc e`ckasut daobaec sce`ke `kecdc sc aht dhk zcw tacl ak. C tclzcw ke bhkshd caka dhk bhasuce`shd $k$h lca fkce` bkebkce gke`ke dc uplcwa ak c,tuc ice` ec ak ahtaht bo bhubhu ak. +c kee `hk bclpk ca :urboe` dact zoe` c scu bo gke`

bclpk aoe` icwb ua c, +cwbth pcu bha e*boe dcttc*c aoe`paca uaak. C ecshpec gke` ua c dkscl sht bha $cezcthKukplhet# th dkfke` lcalca ecpkDe ice`the` ace` caktcl, c shp ua sce`ke c dacwb ek ua tclzcw ke lce zodtahk lcalca bo ak. +c keeducepkath dkce`ca Clhrkfc ca+cwb`cl ice` c, c ske` c suce` cdkscp boa iceca cshpec gke` ua c sht c ice` dkfke` lcalca ecpk-e scwt$hk shl sc buc ke`. )ceòe 9kt* 6h$hboplhet 9ollktthh

)969# th zoe` sce`- zhdck zcw bck sc ke` dcfk ak. C ecshlth phe c ud bclca lkdce`th dkahbke c shltcdtcdca %hMkfce th $k$h tcl c lk$olth tcwlfkkd ihdlca dkahb ak. ]cwb dactthe aoe` `heec ca ektac tcwa shlcaka lceke c scwt tahktahk gkc fkbicwb c shl aketha c fkzoe` bca ol ke dactdactth- bhubhu ke c ecshp zcwasc ua cskcth ke he paotke aoka ak cfka ihdtha shl pck sucd tahkihd ak cfk zoe` ol ak. 0ceìce` cak zoe`ke Clhrkfcth

iuce` gke`ke tuc zoe` zhdck buc ghua phualca dcsc ak. Cgce` dact bhubhu ca kee pce fkec dact phua `kllcalca ke hlhr`hef* tcdpk lcake c euetcdec c ihk gke`bha c`kl c taucdbuct gke` bue` pctcu bueàklcwa ke zctodkbcd bha zcto c tue fkce`ke skc$uce skclcth-e goe $ctahtbo ke c e`hkec lca ice`ke c lke sczkce cdkscl the`


20/69

9=

goe` paot icwb paot paktpaht ke fkec phe eck bce` pce eckdact sue` ice` dk$hhb $htbo ke dkGakfk doka paot tcgka ak. 4ka tau tcwa dksck phe hklkth tuca lue lcalca taucakak. 3uc lue scetcd ca XVC iuce` gke`ke ghka ice`

scksck dc sc dhk ak. Cak zoe`ke c sul c pcck ihk gke`bueàklcwa bo ke N22 sclke fkec puc cliubcefh th tcwacaka bha ihb tacdact tau ke icwb ke goe pca uaak.

3uc lcalca zoe` /krst Ckg tcwa dksck ak gke` c, obgpctkhet c ectec c tahkascth boiuce` thst icwb auckthe``te. Vkk htec iboog thst# dacwe` zue htec urkeh thst#dacwe` icwb lcsc paot c, cfkec scd bueèoth cluapaotboa ke uplcwa scesct ihd tcwa zctuk zcac pkc

pcapca bo zcw uaak. Vkc$uceth-tue`ca zoe` taudkicwbtahk caka lceke c ectec bueèo fkcetahka paotboa keuplcwa tau tcwa zctuk pkcd gke` sha lcwdlcwd lcsce`cl bo uaak. +c keesccpec auce` ua bhkshd tcwa dkGul phe, ciub dkpbo dao bo ke dkfkl gke` c dktacwk phe pahbdakc dkdke c tacdaoe` icwb uaak. ;hkshd aoe` fkce fkce`ke c lotcr zctth ctac dacua tucd daob ahtbo ak. +cwb`clca dulpk sue` c,

fhlhet dc zctgce ua phe %ce`dce`th fkce`tcesc 0rktksaVtcegcrg# $k$h tcwa dktuct c dkzce` ak c, cluceaucklcalca cdkfkce lcalca ec ak lcwd ak. 0rktksath ke cshl cicwbth `ktect boa gke` bha ikbctlk aokaec fhlhetKucbkt*# dacwe` ghkazca c ict boa dacd gke` dk`kedaobaec tcwa tclpk tcd c $cb ke c luceauckec zca gke`sc:ht* :cftor# tcwa dksck ke cdub zca gke` ihd sce`ke cluceauck zcw tacl ke ec icwb ua c, dkfkce lcalca

uaak. 3au lcce tau tce` tcwa dkshl phua bha+cwb`clca ]uibkf 7ords th ke luceauck ke tha fk cc cdaucl c zcwb c scaec c òbec c shaecth strufturcbghskè# phe c luceauck tahk lcalca ec ak dkd ikbihb ak.Dc Kpbca Lcalca Kee Bcl Ece` Cdkscl Zce (cwbec


21/69

93

XVC ca c kee bcl gce ua phe hk bcl cc ikzu, ske`duceìcwbgce ke icwb bhb uaak. 'ee gcwb dact gcwbeka fkatacgca gcwb 2=G!= fka dacwe`th zoe` +cwb`cl gceke cdauclth bhksue` taudpkpk tcwa dubscd bo ke, lct

:ouegctkoe cdkfk pahhd ice`ke foefrhth c scapk ke icwb uacc, tuc tue`ca keedaucl gke`ke shtzue` pce cc cdkicwbsc skkddaucl sthhb fobule#th iuba zkcuzkcu ak. Culec c sucb gke` bha doe`dacdpk doe`dacd ehuth bhacweìud bha dkskb iudth bca iuba zkcuzkcu gke` $k$h kedkicwb ak. Clhrkfc ca lkake` ektac lce tcl lcalca caka lceke,kee dact bcl bhe` c $ce lce zca lca c shp lce ihk

lcwd uaak. 3uc caka lceke J6o 't )ourshb:@ fk ke hk bha hkcc shp tahka gke` zoe tcwl tahka gke`ke bckiu icwbzkazkca ak. 3uc iceca kee bcl ecgke` $cezucdecfolpce*th ke lk dahlphua bhttclc pkbec c skcl thdecgke`ke trckeke` pkc tce`tce` uaak. ;httclc aoe` tclshlshl fkce ke c lcu bha clcu ke c shp tahka thdfkce`ke c $ce ua c bhk gke` aoe` tcl shlshl ua c, c $cedaotec gke` c $ckacwlacwl ua ec ak `k`h uaak.

3ucth phe ka ghka iceìce` dk$ckdacd tahk dkbhk tahk ak.3ucth dahlphua shtzue` :cftor*# pce dkicwb ak ke 4olh6hpot bha ;57 9olpce* dkfk sckth ca dkzucd hucu ak. k+cwb`clca tuc ice` kee $ce iukbgke` lcthrkcb# dkicwbtahk ak bha hk `cl hk bhk tcwa dktucd zcw lcalca dce bckke ecshp zoe` lcbkcu lcalca dce zcw bck gke` ak. Clcu`cl tcwa thadcdec ke hk `cl phe dauc aue skc buct aueol bo iceca zkebkeec zoe` c dacua buc ol bo ak. k `cl

cc ka kee bclzkc phe c dub zca gke` sce`ke c luceauckzcw lcalca ec ak `k`h ak. XVC ca auce` ulec tcwa dksck c sul ihk gke` fkaec cakzcw gkcl, caka dhk bha lcwtcw dact phua ke tckadac tacabha dao tcd c bhkshd tcwa dkfkce` auce` tcwa cdktcte`cwazcwd dacd gke` klpcft B fobbkskoe# c dacua buct gke`


22/69

99

cgcbec aoa cak zcw tcl..N@sca ice` c bhkshd cdkfkce$he$ce ace`ke, lcwtcw dact phua ke ecwddac bha cdkfklzkcazkca gke`ke icwb lcwd uaak. C lortcr zctth dkp ahtboak. Cghkaec dact thkthk olke dc ul ak.

ce tucltucl zucdec suliud sck bkcepk lcbb# ca dcpck fkce`ke pacbik bck ice`ke dah tcwa bcl pckec dcwl fkke eck dact eck eka sue` pakcbpakcb ice` dc $cd dcwkdcwkc, bhk gke` c scwl bopk lca ke $ce dkzucd the` dc `ucb htwkegow saoppke`# dcwkdcwk ak. ]uceskba ekdthe cdkpce cehe` c tcwe` ec goe`ke Vhe `cl pce cdkicwb $k$h cakak.]uceskba pcwb dactth 0ce`bcghsa, 'egkc, khtecl fkadacwe` zoe` ol dcwkdcwk ak. %kpkth bhk zcwa gke` c

dkzucdth e`ckasut zcake aoka buc daobbo ak. Cak zoe`kectcl lce lcalcath bhkzo bhe` caoka lcalca ihb c olbuc zhe ak bhubhu ak.

Lce` Bc Aoka Ka Vcdth Dktcl ^ucd Bo %uskf tcwa dksck bcskcl lketace`th 96, 66dkzucdecth dc lua fkce`ke he bo ke dc ol tahk dhk ak. +hktce`$cb bck bha 2N"= dakt cc hk +cwb`cl bcl c bcskcl bhalketace` ka scd 9oewc* 3wktt*, 1kl &hh$hs, ;oio, 6cwe,

3ah Vhhdhrs, 3ah Vhcrfahrs, ]hthr B orgoe, 3ah Crfakhs,&obbke` Vtoehs, Vlodkh, C00C Vwhghe#, 0oeh* %, 9oeekh/rcefks, Vdhhthr 6c$ks, ]cub Cedc, 0oii* hh, 1oae6he$hr, 1oae* 3kbbotsoe, /rcedkh C$cboe, &kfd* (hbsoe,6cekhb 0ooeh, ]ct 0ooeh, 9bk &kfacrg, 6hhp ]urpbh, 99&9rhhghefh 9bhcrwcthr &h$k$cb#, 9crphethrs, fka c dkpceCskc bha uroph sue` cc lketace` lcalca 6helcrdth%;3& %kfachb ;hcres 3o &ofd# fkath pcwb dc tcl lua

lhhb dhk ak. Clcu dkce`ca Vtcth dactsue` thdca zoe` bcskcl tcllcalca bhb ua c, tucth bcscd $k$h ka zcd e`hk daobboa $k$hec tcl ak. Clcu Vtcth sue` c bcsc skclth tcwa c ecbue`dkl aktakct bhb e`hhb zoe` tclpk tcd lca ol c akalceke, +cwb`cl c aoka ka scd th pcwb phe ak bclca ec


23/69

96

dkpacwd daob bo zcezce tahk bck uaak. 3uc iceca c lcu bhaclcu cdktaupkscd buctec zoe` c ak dac dhk tcl dc fksklskl ak.

3u bck dace`th- ihb dc tcl tahka ecwe $ht dhk ak. b$ks

]rhsbh*, 6oe 7kbbkcl, %cgoeec bha 3ah 0hctbhs ihb ecdkzucd ikbihb bck ak. 1oae 6he$hr zoe` ec dkzucd ehdehd ak.

1kl &hh$hs ice` phualca tahk e`hk bo ec akcl do `cl0urlc ca dkghka lcalca ak fkc dhk dace ùcb gke` dactdc got bha ec tahk pca bkce c, c bcth aoka tahk lcalca ak ccw daul swhht $okfh# e`kct ak fk zcw bck ak. 3uc zoe` ak bclca 96, 66, c dkfke`tcdke ol ke tha dcfka sklskl bha e`ckasut ec ice` ahtbo ke ka +cwb`cl

dacwe`ca `cl tucltucl pce %ce`bc aokaeoeo ceclecl ke cdkfke` zcw ec ak `k`h ak. ketc`h dkfk 96,96, 66 sckth ca zoe` c buk tclpk tcd lca dkzucd hucuecpk-e c $ce tcdtcd ke dkfke` zo tuce bo lcwd ak. C tcdtcdbhktue` iup c lketace` lcalcath ihd lca hk dkceàoe` tue` ec ak `k`h c bc aoka eoeo $k$h c dke`ca zcw akihabcp ak. Caka ace`ke oebkeh pce ke ka ghka iceìce`dk$ckdacd tahk ihd taclboa ke bcskcl lketace`th bc cdkl

pakcb lca ke ec ol $h$h scl ak.

Dc Xplcwa Vce`' %clpk %cd Ke %aupk ^cw XV ca cgce` tclpkth bcdca hk lkt lua tahka gke`, taupkdc scd phephe c lcwtcw bclpkth cakak. ClhrkfceCssofkctkoe o: 4kàwc* 5Lfkcbs CCV45# th ke 2N!Idulke c `cliup ca lcwtcw bclpk c zkkd auckec the``hhb daob ke (o$hlihr 22, 2N!F fkce`ke shp gke` ke

aokalca ak fka taudklec ehk uaak. 3uc tcwa aoe` pck totoke dul 2N< fkce`ke XV ]rhskghet dahlphua bcd c, `cbpkauacu c dkthbec ol tahk bo caka zkcd c, thrl taulsue`dul 2! sue`# c shl !eg ]rhskghet /rcedbke 6hbceo&oosh$hbt 2NG2NI8# ke suphrGakàwc*s bclpk < zkkdgke`ke $ckacwl daobaec ehk ak.


24/69

97

3uc c $ckacwl daobaecth tcwa dksck 0urhcu o: ]uibkf&ocgs 0] sue` pce 6k$kskoe o: 'e:orlctkoe fakh:4hrihrt V /ckriced ke cihksc bck c, lkpkb lkskclth kecdace` cdace` c cdktuctscth bha c sczkce dahlphua

sutuca bhhltuca ke c zkkd auck lcwtcw bclpkthdahlphua aokatcd pactcdke icwbpac taucatauca c, aoe`dkfke` shlshlke tuc phe c scwt fkce ke 'ethrstcth4kàwc*s aoe` pkcefkbec bha tcdtueec aoe` sucdscd ak. 3uc zcwatha dkzoltoto ke Ita]rhskghet 6wkàt 6c$kgksheaowhr 2N8G2NF2# aoe` dace fkce ke, cdulcdulke c ecshpec c `hhbecth ua aoe` pkfke` shlshl ak.6wkàt 6 ksheaowhr phe 2N2N dul phd `cbdcp sue` c, c

ol bck ke Clhrkfc `clsue` iup ca daucbzke dcwkdcwke`hksc cakaec tcwa dktucdke, lcwtcw bclpk cdkscpec gcecluaec aoe` zckzcw shlshl ke dauc e`ckasue tahk totoak. clsue` stcth dact bha dact dkdcwlec gke` iceca`clgce` pce `cbth ke aoe` skl bha dkgcbec gke` bha godkdec gke` bclpk cdubecec ca $ce` bha aokasc ak. C tcwlphe Vtcth dact bha dact dkdcwl lhe`lhe` tahka ece`-

$ckacwl ak. +ul 2N8F 1ueh !N, ek ke (ctkoecb 'ethrstcthceg 6h:hesh 4kàwc*s Cft dkpscd ak. 3uc zcwa cdkpcedacwbe`c fka olbo ke clcu lue scetcd thdca bclpkaoe`zkkd zkcazkca ua c, XVC `cliup bclpk pckec phelcklol duc lcalca ice`ke dkdce pahe`pace` ak. +ul!==F dul fkce`fkce` tcrrhg rocg or pc$hg rocg dk`cwl cscuec F.2 lkbbkoe lkbhs zkkd dake icwb dake zo ua ak. ;clpk ciupk ke ecl taulke dahe ak. Cdactec> Cscu ke

clke 'ethrstcth 4k`wc* V*sthl, caka dhk bha obeo tcdke'ethrstcth Mprhsswc*s/rhhwc*s fk ke lke ùce uaak. 3ucbclpkth phe /hghrcb o$hrelhet dkfk 9hetrcb o$hrelhetke tc$uce bc ak. 9hetrcb o$hrelhet kk tc$uce bcd phebclpk $hdpk kk I.E ak c I


25/69

98

cc dkzkkd bclpkth ak cc Vtcth o$hrelhet ke tc$uce bc ak.3uc cbccd phe c bcliup $hdpk scuec kk !=.8E ak ke,N,NG C tue` cc bclpkthboskca c gce`the` dahlphuath phe bofcb `o$hrelhet dkfk

$kbbc`h, towe, fkt*, fouet*# th sul tcwa dkicwb dkzkkd $k$hcakak. 3ucth phe dauc dact bha dauc dact dkdcwlec, bobcl duceec, daucsue`the` bha clcu theec `clsue` fkctca c zkkdth ua cakak. kth- tahka pcd gke`ca bclpk eksucaec bha ektulecdkdcwlec bclpk th phe eclict dopfke`ke pkc ak. te> '-II, 'GI=, 'GFF, 'G!II bha bhkbu bhktcw dcwlec bclpkth bhubhufkce`ke c dopscl $k$h zce` uaak. hethaec> 'G2, 'G8, 'G

I8, 'G"8 htf. 3uc bo clcu `cldh stcth# sue` thdca bclpkc tucltucl ol c bclpk eclict `uce ke c ut zca lcatclpk tcd ol ak. +c tue tue`` bclke hklkth dact phua `he dc zc e`hk c,XVC ca lcwtcw bclpkth c dahlphuake dkdauce` tahk akbha tace`$ce c tcce` tue` sobdac tue`ca tue`` zo gke` fkak. +c tuct fkce`ke tue`` ihd taclbo ke dahe`$cb buc dkscke $kcbtclpk tue`` iha bck ak. ;hktue` bha dac phe cdkeckk

lcalca fkce`ke !!8,F!! lkbhs dk`clbc c, cdkacblcalca bcktcdke !8!,=


26/69

9:

dc ulak. cl dact fka tacgca cdace` to lcalca dkfk,uroph `cliup ke zoe` pac zo e`hk ahtbo lcktcd gke` ak.

(hbtwc) C lcwtcw bclzcwk totscdecth phe tucaec phuaca fka

ice` cc e`ckasue lcsc bo cc, c lcwd zkkd dcwkdcwk akphualca bo bck ke daucpk sue` c tue fkce`ke ihbtwc* dkfk,c daucsue`th c lcebce` tahktahk c, :rhhwc* pce cpusuca tahka zkcuzkcu ecgke` cak zoe`ke bofcb rocg pce cbcllct tahka zkcuzkcu gke`ke cak zoe`ke, :rhhwc* hMprhsswc*# c tcwl phe dact bha eka dkl$hbscd acltce` ak.hethaec ke 7csake`toe 69 ice`ca 9cpktcb 0hbtwc* fk ke'GIN8 bha 'GN8 tcwa dkl$hb scd ak. 3uc ice`lca ke c

gce` XV daucpk skl ca ihbtwc* dkfk daucpk sue` dkldotscdke :rhhwc* bclpk olscd ak.

+aucpk sue` ecwdec lcwtcw tcl lcalcaec :rhhwc*lueth ca cbce` bha c bce` tucd ca lcwtcw lckdkl c pcktahkaec gke` zke` 8 pce zke` FG"G< goe`goe` ol c, c$hkbcl ecwb phephe ca J5eb* ]oob 9cr@ caka dhk bha 45 fk kectuclke zke` dact icwb tucl uaak. 45 cfka phe J4k`a5ffupcet hakfbh@ c fkaec ak c, lcwtcw dact tue`ca dact

sce` c tcl zcw c tuce`th cfkaec cakak. %k dact kk $ckksce`ke lk eka lk taulth $ckk taupk zcw gke` caka lceke, clcebce` euclth pck tahkaec gke` ihd c dkicwb ak c,lcwtcw acwb dact ihd tuceecth dktcwe scd bo ak.


27/69

90

Ctbcetc daucsue` Jrhhwcy Bclpk tue`ca

;ofcb dkfk daucsue` c bclpkth pce dkpck bha eckk zoeèckk zcw tacl ecpk-e trcLf bkàt ace`ke caue tcl ihkzcw ak. 6ctsk zoe` tcl ihk zcw ak. 3uc ihd taclboake zuldca zul tuca aueca lcwtcw dk`cdbuc ghe caka lceke

scwt$hk pkpk dke`cd dub c, zke`sce` tue`` bha zcedkl zcedace` ke dktcwe bha ihb paclcwa bo ak. %cwtcwcdk`cdbuct aue fkce`ke daucsue` lue dact bha lue dactdcwlec ca trcLf bkàt olbo :rhhwc* th tcweke c pckeopec sce thd ca bcl pkcbdakc ke pusucd hMkt# caka dhkbha sue`tul pcapca ua c dktue` icka zcw tacl ak.

Bclpkth C Dcwk ^kc Bha C ^ck ^kc @holht$k"

&hskè! XVC ca dauc dact bha dauc dact $ce ecweec gke` cakzoe`ke daucbzke `cl$cdth cak zoe`ke lhkbhhe` dkGbklzcteckk phualca bo ak. +auc dact bha dauc dact $ce ecweecgke`ke lhkbhhe` sce`ke foetckehr trufd dkfk, ske`bh iog*scuec I


28/69

91

$ceecwe ke tck eckeck ak. C gkcdgkcd ke 7cblcrt, &hcsors,7cbb`rhhe fka cdkpce %cbb dkfk $cezucdec c tucltuclth$ce bccdec ke dkzce` phe ak. %kth phe c tcl zcw $cebhhe`bha c lcu lcwtcw fkct tcwa daucb zke zcw ua cc, ius fcr

tcwa daucbzke phe lk$olth bha lkdce` c zcwe`gckpclth ihd lca ke zuk cc dktcwl lcalca bck ak.

Odbcaolc Vtcth ]ce cbk!orekc pckec "-#$ gue`the` lue dact cc dk%cka ak&Bcl tcwetue`ca bcldceec bhkk' bcl dkpckaphbaec bhkk (ovhrahcg )rkg`h'

ovhrpcss )rkg`h* ol tce vkuvhu ak ]aoto )y+ C,]cu ( hf ./= .$3.*


29/69

9;

oetckehr 9rufds

C tue` cc $ce ecweec foetckehr trufd dkfk lcwtcwscupkth phe ske`bh iog*th c aka bha c tcl zcw I


30/69

6=

;clpk ca lcwtcw c tcl lca gke` cakak, iceàceàkcl fka bha cdkskt thb fkce`ke Clhrkfceth c dauc tuk caI=E ihd ol ke tuc bo F=E phe `clsue` `clpuc cadaucbzke ke ektul ua fk ak. +aceàcl pkthhd puthhd

zcwakctth $cebhhe` tcwa daucbzke ke daceèo pkceth phelcwtcw $k$h tcwa daucbzke ak. %cwtcw pck zkcazkcath ctuce` eka dce tuce` bo ak. 0kf*fbh zct c zce` ua ak c dact$k$h ihd c tuce` cakak.

+auc tcwa dkeckk fkce` ke aoe`tcl shlshl ke lkkdskduc`hk lca tcwa dkice` ak. 3uc dcwldcb ca zul fkthe`,$cezucdec lcbb, zcto bha cgce` lcwtcw dacwbec fcrpcrdke`# keepuc bha keesue` kegoor B outgoor pcrdke`#

the`ca lcwtcw gkl lktlht ak. 3uc iceca c keethdcalcwtcw c tcwl phe dact bha eka ol fke`the` bck lcwdak. %cwtcw zucdec sck ca c tacd ihdihd zucdec cak c,cbuk zucdec ca cak zoe`ke lcwtcw cgkl c ac ke ollkelhe bck lcwd ak. 3uc ak c, lcwtcw cacua gce phe dk he tahk bo ak. !=="dul c sczkce ol ice` ak bha XVC ca lotor $hakfbhs !I"lkbbkoe tcd olak. 3uc bcdca 2F lkbbkoe fcrs, 22= lkbbkoe

trufds, 2 lkbbkoe iushs cakak. 3uc lcwtcw the` dact bhadact !=:tH8= :t dkacbke hKuctor gue`zuk ke bhktue` dkldotbha lcwtcw $hdpk scuec .N lkbbkoe lkbhs scu gke` c,


31/69

63

"-#$ ("ethr-stcth Jrhh Pcy 6o #$ ]aoto7 )y+ C,]cu 8 hfhl)hr ./= .$3. *

" 8 #$ Bclgue` - ]aoto )y C,]cu hfhl)hr ./= .$3.


32/69

69

bhktue` dkldot scuec c scu phepheec lueca tha bhe`!IN== lkbhs scu c, lcwtcwth phe $kcb 28" ice` dktaucpbck gke` cakak.

" 8 #$ bclgue` lue dactdactca vuud dkc ke bclgue` the`ca vuud ec dce`

pahupacu ak]aoto+ :y C,]cu hfhl)hr .0= .$3.

+kfkce tahka daob dhk ec $he lcwtcwth zct ihdihdekdact ke "< lkbbkoe `cbboes ice` cakak. 3uc ak c, dhk lkt cdc lua pcdke XV th phe lcwtcw acua cfka ke acu kegctsk, gkhshb bca zct cfka ke zce` ak. +c uplcwa sce`ketclpk tcdke lcwtcw ec acu zcw tacl uaak. C bclpkth bca eksucaec bha ektulec, scdbcl dace`

bclca lcecwake c zke`zke` ke dkdaheke e`c iheec e`hedkpace ice`ke dkdce pahe`pace`ke lcwtcw pck ecgke`cc tahkasc bclpk tcl lcalca ecpk-e, tuc bclpkth tue`calcwtcw c gklke pck dake lcwd caka lceke, c scwt bo kehMprhss ak`awc*s:rhh wc*s ec bhe`ca lcwtcw dk`cdcllhg# lcalca tc gke` ak.


33/69

66

%cwtcw dacttc lk dact ihd ke c zce` caka lceke cscwt aht bo ke bclpk the` lcwtcw gkltc gke` ak. Cscwttha ius shr$kfh tclpk c doka dub gke` ak. 3u bcktcd ke clhkbhe`th c zct gce ua phe daucb `clbc lcalca dkdcb

$ceecweec $cepucdec ihd tcdpk ke zce` ak. C lhkbhe`thbca wcòe ctuck# zc pce zc eka zc taul $cb pakcbpakcb ecGe`cwe lca c dkzolscd ak c, scu tahk buc phualca ak. Cdacwbeop fkce` cc c ircdh zcwa zca gke` tcwa dktucdke cwcòe paczca c fkce`tce ua cakak. 3ucth c dck gke`kelhkbhe` shtbu dub cscd ice ke bu eka bha bu taul fkaice`ke dckscdscwe ak.

"9ah Vce khò Jrhhwcy (eorta )oueg* cpprocfake` 1heturc :bvg= C

]aoto )y C,]cu (6ovhl)hr ;= .$$0*


34/69

67

Bos Ce`hbhs daucsue` lue dact ]aoto )y C,]cu (hfhl)hr >3= .$3.*

*X&@+ AC,,- ],+@+,V.E KE%+,FACE@+/ B=C=3 Fcbk9=

Lcwtcw tcl lcalcaec Bcldc)ol ca lcwtcw cdkdaob boaecgke` ke aka )ce`ke c gcwbgcwbke bclpk or bhkk gcwa ke dahe dakcuaak&Bhktue` ca c bclgce` phephe bcldc )ol ak& ( 9ah rc%khst"ethrshftkoe ke tah Porbg*


35/69

68

3u zo dul 8= G F= lc phualca ke lhkbhe` $k$h tcwa$ce ecwe gke` bha lkaoepkth dkdcwlec gke` lkpuclhkbhhe` tclpk zct tahkaec gke` lhkbhe` bha lhkbhe`

bclpk c dkicwbdaoba dhk bha bclpk gue`the` bha c keethe`c dauc sue` the`ca lcwtcw gkl lktlht tcdpk gke` ak.

XV @cl Lkth Acua &ce bha Eopscd &ce C sul c pcck c acu ihd ak bo ke e`ckasut zoe` skcl dcsc lcalca ak. +aucbzkeec phuaca caka dhk bha zcetclpkpk tclec fclpke` pckec ca, c utec phua ca buptahka zkcuzkcu dcwkdcwk ec gke`ke Sfclphrs- dkfk ke kee

dact c dkscl the` lca tauca ke phkehk kee icwb ua c, bhkgke` cak cc dcwl gke` cak zoe`ke c ickasc ke dkdokazkazkca ak. (upc dact ck, eupc dact bha tc eka tc taultcwa cak zoe`ke clk paczca zuk ke c dkscl ice`ke ghkaiceìce` c bkce c ehu dkGe`ca ak.

3ucth phe XV th-e trufd c fka ua gouibh fci caka dhk bhahMtrc fci th tcwa dck uaak. C kee c bkce c ehu tcwa dkzuk keF< th zce` uaak. 3uc iceca iucbtuk c aka dhk bha

ùegue` dacwe`ca c zct gke`ke sht tcwa dktauca sphhgioct#th c ehu c bkce bhk gke` caka dhk bha dcwl gke` olhucu cc, tucth lcwtcw tcwa dck c aka dhk bha lcwtcwtue`ca puc ua ke daucbzke zkcuzkcu uaak. ]kfekf pckec$cfctkoe dkfk bueèop tcwbgclec gke` cc daucbzkeec cadkzce` ak. 'ee bha auce` tcwa dktauca lk fktahkth $hhe`dkkl ca $c pck bhe`, lcwtcw phkehk kee eoeo bha sht tcwadktauca ùeduce` fka dacwe` keeauce` sue`ca dkdokabhlbcl ak,

Zcebhe` C Acua &cecebhe` phe c icwb lcscd bck ke c lud ca c he`keh doka ctuc tcwa pce`dc prophbbhr# doka ak. 3uc zcwa fkce`ke cdac ca doka uaak. 3u aue bhubhu fkce`ke c lhk bclca doka


36/69

6:

tc bhubhu uaak. cebhe` he`keh zoe` hk lk lhelheththbtahka $ct gke` cak bo, &cgkcb e`keh, &otcr* e`keh,

3urikeh powhrhg e`keh, 1ht e`keh, &ofdht e`keh,7cedhb e`keh, ]rhfoobhg ht e`keh, bhftrkf e`keh fka

ice`ke c tucltucl icwb dake tacl uaak. 3u bcktcd cc kazct $cebhhe`th aue dact sue` zct dub sc ak dhk bha ]cfk?ftukpk eck 2 $cb ice` c scwt phe eck G IG 8 c scwt ihdgke`ke icwb tahk dake lcalca bhb gke` ak. bhftrkf e`kehtcwa c bhe` c fkath phe tu bcktcd cc `cb sue` c c acwb olbo c c bhescd `cb $cebhhe`th phe hbhftrkf powhr tcwa cbhe`bhe` gke` c, c icwb cakak.

C lud c hekeh dkdoka vcebheth

4ka Ctbcetc 'ethrectkoecb Ckrport phe XVC ihd ak bo kebhktue` iupca $cebhhe` c tcl phephe tudec bhabhedakctec caka lca ice`ke $cebhhe` tuce` lkake` zoe`c tcl pheec $cebhhe` tucb cakak. ;hktue` iup daucbzkeecc dkzce` $cebhhe`th bha XV `cl sue` the` ihd ccdaucbzketh zct gke`ke, $cebhe` tue`ca dcaec bha tucaecdoe`pk `cth !=" tcd ehk ak. (k dact ke tuc $cebhhe` tudec

c ecwd lk !F=,=== sce`ke tcl zcw cc, c tu bha cbhhe`dakc Yk`ats# dk`cwl N8=,22N tcd pac ak. &

4ka Yk`ats cwe dact ghdtcd c pac ka fka bcdca `clgce`pce c aoe` tu tcl bo ke aka XVC sue` pce cc `cl sue`the` daucbzketh pucd dcwkdcwk ec cc dkzce` $cebhhe`$k$h ak zcw ak.


37/69

60

3uc ihd tacl boake bhktue` iup $cebhhe` tu c tcl phe2= bcdca, Ctbcetc, 9akfc`o, ;os Ce`hbhs, bha 6cbbcsdaucpkth dkahb bckbck caka lceke Clhrkfc ca $cebhhe` ctcl gce gke` dkscesct tahk pca ak.

Ckrius C61=

Bhktue` cc lk puc vcebhhe` c bkce phepheak c= lk ;.; fkce` puc tahk ak& Cvckk c %ck tahktahk ke dk)cwb )ceca ctue` cc tuce`t4h tutec gke`ke gcwb ekadk)cwb ak& 2ht he`keh # dk)uba ak& 2ceucry .$3# fkce`fkce` cdkvckdacd sc >$#

ak cc= tuc bcdca 3.> dkpkc dake %o pce ak&


38/69

61


39/69

6;

$cebhhe` ehuth ec goe`ke c skl ua fkce`ke !2",8 ehkuaak. cbdcp $cebhhe` %kbbktcr* /bk`at# tcwa dk`cwl %c*2", !==" ek ke XVC `clsue` ihdihd ca aue dactke$cetue`ca $cebhhe`


40/69

7=

$cebhe` c lcebce` th ca c he`keh phe c lhk bcl $k$h cdkdoka tcl zcw lhhd ak. %ck bclca $cetue` dcwacwl pckec spcfhfrc:t# ihd akbo ke, bhktueìup `cl dact bha `cl dact dkdcwlec lk

puc $cbhhe`th ec goe`ke daucb `clbc lcalcath ca, clcebce` tahktahk gke` ghkaec tcwa ht he`keh luecarofdht he`keh zct gke`ke zoe` `hbec dkehk dake zo ak. 3ucak bha ]cfk?f bha Ctbcetkf tukpkth ice` aue toleo sue`kedkdcetce zo tc gke` ak.. dkfk ak. +uc lca ke cdkfkce ke $cebhhe` dahlphua c òb c ehusczkce bha c skc c aokabck cdkfke`ke dkGe`ca dkl zo bo c, clcce tcdtcd dktahk dake zo scl bo ke uplcwa scesct $k$h

zoe` cakak. Caka ace`ke bhktue` iupca $cebhe` 0ohke`"" th- c $cebhhe` ehk folpce*th-e bkltcd c tuct uafkce`ke iceàue iceàue ak bha $cetue` c bhe` 2,88Ipac c, I.N shfoegs sue`ke dact bhe`dakc caka dhk bha dacttu bkce ak fk ak. 3uc phe bhktue` iupca "" 0ohke`$cebhhe`th ihd cfkaec cakak. 0ceìce` cak zoe`ke lk`cllkbhkth acuagce phe dc e`ckasut zca sce`ke c zcatclpktcdke ec acuzcw pac lcalca uaak.


41/69

73

Bk#$c$) bha Lushul XVC phe scwt$hk dkGol shlshlke c tau dktahk shlshlbha ctaupktec tclpk tcd dklua sceescee ihaiha c, taupkdksc shlshl ak. 7csake`toe 69 dc pck bck ue c dulpk kee

bkceth c taupk ak ihd c, keesce` lcalca kee aokalcalca fka zoe` ol bo ak. Cak zoe`ke Clhrkfce dulpkthdhpfke` lushul c tucltucl bkircr* c tucltuclth keebkce lcalca sue` $k$h ca dkdoka ak.

+c pckpka dc tce`$cbth `hb bcdca c uzcw phe %ucepk ke S]c ]cu cw, aka 69 sue` c lushulth bha bkircr* sue` c,bckiuth aokatcdke `ucb sklke bkltcd dcethb bhfke dul 2!8sue` zoe`ke ec lce eckk lcalca dhk gke` ak..- aoe` fka

fkce`ke, lushul ca httahka gke` $ce ctucltuclice`zca ke tcl c, bkircr* ca bckiu zoe` ice`zca ke tclfka dkscesct tahk pca ak.

Cehe` Ctcwe` C#cwb Boa .l Bo C tue`c doe` pubccdsc lca ice`ke bckiu c fka bca ceclc tucltucl ol ke hk daucd fkce`fkce` tcwa pacwd dacdzcwa boa tau tucltucl dk`hbaec bckiu tcl lcalca ak.

3uc bo lkake` zcttahka ec dkfk dahlphua c ehe` ctcwe`ke c icwb eck boa ice`lca ol ecwebo fka zca gke`cakak. hethaec ke sht tcwa dksck $cezct toobs#, bhttclcthzct gke` $cezct c tucltucl paklikb gcwe goe`ke cicwbboa phualca olbo ak lcwd ak. Ceduce` cedhu cdkpce ghsk`e ecl c tucltucl tcwa icwb uaak. ^calcwatau `he bhe` c s c z ec e`cwe tcwa dksck dahlphuaecgoe` cc, c icwb zkazkca ak dake tc bcwlbcwl ua ak.

%k dahlphua ke clc dk$cdaec tcwa dksck ec bclgce` cicwb tahkaec gke`ke acefkcl ekboa thd uaak. 3uc ice`ke cacefkclec pce clc icwbdakct $ce c dkghka c dkbhk bckthe`cdul tcwe c dac tcwe ke c skclec lce e`ca caka lcekeec bclgce` ec aoka c icwb tahk gke`ke c olluce ua ke


42/69

79

e`ckasue tce`tce` ua c, c ice`dkl ke dace`to lcalcaua fka gke` cakak.

Vheth'e Acua Bcwa Ctue` cc dc `heth dahlphua iceca puceskba ekkdthe ec

goe`ke, Vhe `cl &hg 9akec# pce $k$h dkicwb cakak. 3ucauacu ke Vheth-e pkbec c e`ca bcwa iceca acua bcwabckbck uaak. XV c the`th ke ecshp e`ca boa bcwa uaak. clak tcetc pce cc, c icwb ua $ce phe XV sue`ca icwb ak bhatu cc czucd zca sce`ke tclpktcd c tclzcw ke c zucd uadub ak. 0ce`ace` akcl fka bha c shp tac lce phe Vhe`clca tcwl zcw lcalca tacl caka lce cakak. 3uc caka lceke XV `clsue`ca ecshp tclpk lue cwe`

tclpk aoe` pkcedakctec gke` bha sulzkce skda lkacuthsup bca sup bcwa bo gke`ke, XV `clsue` thhdathhda lcaca, shtzue` tclpk c gkcdgkcd ke XV `cllk bcktahk bckskclc bcckacwb lkggbh fbcss# th ecshp e`ca tahkatahkaecgke ke, bcliha taucatauca gke`ke c eccd e`ckasutlcalca scee bcktcd ua cakak.

Bclpkth Lke6cwa &ce +cwb`clca bclpk lke $cwaec ecltaul ihdke dkdahe

ak. &ocg, Vtrhht bha bceh ihd ka ehk ak. 4ka bclca ecltclpk ke dkdahe ak. 3rcLf bk`at olbo c c lcebce` tahktahkcdkacwbec bclpk phe hMprhssGwc* caka dhk bha :rhhGwc* fkuaak.

hethaec ke do olec 3ubsc daucpk ice`ca ;cl bkcepkthphe ;hkbu ;hktcw gue`zuk cak zoe`ke, tuc lca ice`ke(ktulec bha (ksucaec gue`zuk ke dkzkkd ak. 3uc ;hkbu;hktcw gue` zuk cc, c dkzkkd bcl bkce c ak cc bcl ehu cak

zoe`ke C$heuh fka dcllcb bklzct uaak. hethaec ke>Vouta 4c$crg C$h, V %hlorkcb 6rk$h caka dhk bha &ocg or0oubh$crg fka dacwe` zoe` zce` dcwkdcwk zcw uaak. te>V7 9cbk:orekc 0b$g, ( Vahrkgce &ocg fka cdkpce. 3uc bclbkce tcwa dkGgue`zuk pcrcbbhb# cc dkzkkdth phe Vouta FN ta


43/69

76

cst C$h, (orta "!eg7hst C$h fka ice`ke c bcl oleclue tcwa dkzuk ke dk`hba ak. C tue` cc ;hkbu ;hktcw gue`zuk cc dkzkkd tcwa cdktuetucacc (ktulec bha (ksucaec gue`zuk bclpkth phe !egVtrhht,

""ta]bcfh, rg9ourt, 4crloe* ;ceh, 7kbbow &kg`h 7c* fkke ecl tclpk tcd zce` bck ak. C lck ca c lue tcwa dkzuk ke(, V, , 7, (, (7, V, V7 fka ice`ke dkùce`taucatauca ak. 0oubh$crg, &ocg, 6rk$h, C$heuh, Vtrhht,]bcfh, ;ceh, 9ourt, 7c* fka ice`ke bclpk eclict $k$hdkùce acltce` ak bo c, lke dact phua zoe` iubake zce`dcwkdcwk uaak.

3uc ak c, bckGkp tue`ca cggrhss ka `hba fkce`ke bkltcd

lca c he c, dakcb ahtbo c `hba tce`tce` dub ak. (hudacdkice` dhk ke dkphbadac phualca bha bckacwlth-e cdakcbdac ake tha fk ke dce icwb tce`tce` ecwe bo ke bckdacdpcdkce` pucddkd pcapca uaak. ^kp fogh ice` phualca phectaupk lcalca shll cakak.

E`ckasut Ec (ce` Aht Dhk7 +cwb`clca %kdce` pcu dc zct gke` aue dhk ecshp tcwa

dkzuk ke ctau ke aoe` pkc phualca bo cc, dc %ce`pcu zctaue phe tcwl pac lcalca ak. C dkzce` e`hk phualca boak zcw ak. 1cpce dc pck bck dc olsue` dc zct ihdlcacakak. 3uc ak c, %kdce` pcu c pcuec `cldact tue`phualca bhe` dac taul sue`ke skcl e`cp pac lcalcapca ke` dc fka paucupaucu $kcb bha dc tue tcdtcd fkce`ketuc ice` ec ak ghdsuck bo ak. Cgkcdgkcdke 3ubsc dauc ice` c ôlkth tcl lcalcaec

dauc ca %ce`pcu pcu gke` aue olbo ak. +ace` eo bcksce`dca gke` c pck fka bca dkGak bo bckbck c, keeduce tcwadktauca e`kte`ht bckbck dc aka lceke, lkgce` tcwa dkaoaue gke` zoe` ol bo ak. +ultcl dakttha cdktue` pce cakatcwa bue`skl bha daucdth zoe` lcebce` ecwe bo ak.


44/69

77

9kcptha tahkaec daucd act ecwe bo ke dclpcu ludpcuzoe` dkecb zkcbzkcb ecwe phualca bo ak.

XVC ca (hw )ord daucpk sue` bha ;os Ce`hbhs 9akectowe fka pkce daucpk lcalca daucth bo iuce`ca )ce`oe

ice` cc, bclgue`the` cc keesck dkaoe` fka ice` ol bo ak.;cl gue`ca lcwtcw bo iuce` dah tcwa lk $cd lk fkcadklu bo ak. +cwb`cl ice` gceke ka $hhe` ka pccl ca eupkpcpk pkthhd puthhd eulhk ecupce` fkcd bkcbuc ke dkaozkcazkca dkpcu bctbct gke` c, tuc the` dkzczc gke` dc scdbha tuc ice` cak eucl hk bha duclca zoe` dkGludac e`hklhhb bo ak. 'ee cdkfk dahlphua doe`dacdpk bha pcgkepcua duclca

ke aoe` ghgc bo uaak. Vue tcwa zce tcwa dkdacdfkp ak.]acbik aueke dkaoe` bha daucgcl ke auka$ot aoe`but ak.+auc bul fkce`ke aukabul aoe` but ak. 3uc iceca taopk,tao$ckk, taosk zoe` aoe` buttahk ak. 3uc auacu ke kee aoescke dkdoka bo ak. C$ot bha csc ckrfoegktkoe B ahcthr# $k$hcdkzct lce cakak.

C ecshpec c pck gke` fkce`ke c lcwtcw tue`ca c dcabcktcd luapcd zucb fka boa, $hhe` bha pcl tcwa dkGlua

gke` ec bhe` acdsc ak. ce zucdec sckpkth ca $ce bhk tcllcalca ecpk-e, dkao bha zoe` c `hk c olth ecwe`dck scdeucl bo caka lceke, c lcu zcddaop bkce ihdke dkao uaak.k bcl ice` c dact bha dact dkao pka zcdzcd fka ice` olboak. %k $olth bo iuce` ceuka ua bha zoe` euk bcbc euk uctGuct fka ice` ec ol bo lck ak. +cwb`cl ice` ak bo ke ecshpec sue`ca cdkscwd zcdzcd,bklbce` c dkGhehe, tcgkesc sklskl, ce eheh pcwb fka olbo

ke sue dauc$cd c lcu shpdaop gke` thd c olsc cakalceke lcebca tahk lcalca uaak.Vce`ecupce` cak zoe`ke ecshpec ca c ak zoe ke

ecshppka lkdce`th tcwa dkaoec c ol dhk e`cb bha%ce`pcu aue gke` ol tuce bo ak. C gkcdgkcdke XVC calkdce` pcu c skcl bo 4kspcekf th zoe` c bol c tce`ke


45/69

78

tclpktcd lca ec ol hucu ak. k ôlkth ecshpec gkcdgkcdca tuc ice` lkth tcwa dktauca ua c, clcu bca clcu pcuihdlca ke dkao ke %ce`pcu pcu aue gke` zoe` ol bobckbck ak.

3uc ak c, dac taul sue`ke %ce` pcu skcl pca eke` dcfka phe dc tue tcdtcd tha tuc ice` ec ak dkbdhb bo ak. +actaul fka tacgca dul scwltaul ec scwt zoe`ke sketaucadce tauca dhk phua bhfke ice`lca c dktahk tuce ecwegke` zoe` ak bo lck ak.

4ka bcl pck gke` cak zoe` lkdce` pcu dkske euclth-e+cwb`clca %ce`pcu e`bksa sphcdke`# dca ke dkskeskedubzcw ak. 4k bclca cdaoe` sce` dca tahkaec c ol dhk bha

sul tcwa dca ek fkbhe` dklce aht bo ke sul tclpk ihk zcwtacl ak. )ceòe dacwe`ca pkbec ghka iceìce` obtcd cdke`ca zcw caka `k`h zcwd bcl aka dc bckiu sue` pcedoe` tahkscd eucl doe` acetacwe eucl ak. (kgce` c hklk %ce`pcu skeeuclth-e tourkstth scihe` gke` ice` c, czoezoe bck ice` bo ke tuaue fkce`ke tourkst tcl lcalcatc gke` ak.

Lkdce`th Ceehhd Xa ôlkth ceehhd tukgcwe tcwa dksck eclgce`th tcwadkice` bo cc, ka tuclgce lcalcaec phe `ctcltuk kaehhd cakak. +cwbth bhubhu tha e`cpk bha e`cep*c*k lca akpca gke` ak. +cbc th ak bha zcsce bha lcscbc ak gke` ak.Clhrkfc th ceehhd gce zoe` dc e`ckasutsut fkce`keicwe`sc, icweècwk pce c pkce` tacwaict iutthr#hkpcu ke ice` ka fktcl icweècwk pce lca cdkicwb

fahhsh ecdehhd lcalca uaak. 0cwe`sc, icwe`tacu,icweècwk, tcwa dksck $k$h ceehhdec dahlphuaca dkahbak. C lhha icwbec dahlphuaca fahhsh dkahb dhk bha c ehtahk bo zca goe` ak. 'fh frhcl c dkpce faofobcth bha cloa ehhd dahlphua zoe` c daul $k$h tcl ak. 3uc ak c,%kdce`th ceehhd phe icwe` tacu icwe` ecwk pce c


46/69

7:

pkce` fahhsh bha c daul cdkfk dahlphua eccdehdlcalca uaak. C zcwe` c acu c duc lca phua ke Sce lcebce`- ka fkpca gkcl :cst :oog# $k$h tclehhd ua c, fahhsh iur`hr

cdkpce iur`hr c tucltucl bha fofcfobc, phpsk fkath pcwblca dkbkl ehd phe ak. k bclca lhatuk ka acwp tce`keclcu ukfh bha fodh, phpsk th $k$h tcwa lha tce`tce`lcwd uaak. (kgce` ke fkGcb tclzct bo dc scd bha scGhl$k$h 00W# bha scGeòk aotgo`# dacwe` ecdehhd tciuce` c, cb tahk lcalca ak. ]otcto fakps/rhefa fakps thshlshl zoe` cb tahk lcalca ak. C duclca phua keceauce aue gke` ec bhe` cdkfke`ke ehk bo thd caka lceke c

dkicwbsc lhaiue` loaiue` sciue`, c taoa c lkfrowc$htcwa sct scd ihd gke` c dkzucd ce taoa $k$h zce` ua c, cceehhdec sue` dahlphuaca luct icka boaec gke` cdkpcec zcc fahlkfcbs# dkahb ghe iceca, sogkul dkfk fk$uk $k$hlca dkscwa caka lceke ka pulpk c-gke`ke aoka dkl daob boak. C ceehhd c tukgcwe ace`the` lca ck tcl, XV `cliupca N=E lca c tacu $k$h ke dc lu ak. %hatha lha`ca

zoe` hk tahka pcd gke`ke cedue`th bha ctha c`cath còbtahktahk cbkce tahktahk gke`ke hdbhk zc ka fka fahlkfcbcglkMturh# ctucltucl zctpk ke zce` pac lcalca ua c,botace`sce, botace`dcce`, ccbu, lcetcsceth ice`phualca phe theeks icbb zoe` sce`ke òbzcw ke icshicbbfkcfkc e`hetce` pac c, Vhe eceece ice` phualcacedcltha due` fkcfkc pac lcwd ak. C òb zcw tacl akzcw zhd bck ak.

Cetha tahkpucl fkath dahlphua hkbcl cth sce`ke czcadact c zcaeka pakcbpakcb ice`ke c pul cak zoe`ke cdue` cak zoe`ke òbzcw tacl ak. 3ucth scwt$hkpk cdkehhdfkce`ke tucsue` c fahlkfcbth ace`ke zoe` lkth tue`capulpk tacuec bha bkctec aoe` pkc ak gke` ak fk ke dc ul ak.


47/69

70

9ahhsh bha iutthr $k$h c tcl zct ace`ke zoe` ctacu tcllcalca cak dhk ecl fk ke uplcwa auck dcsc ak.

Clc e`hkec ice` cc c fkkea ua ske``ca tahk pucllhatha lha`ca cdtuk cdtcd cdkpce c tucl ke zucd ua cc,

c lce zoe` tcl zcw pca ak. 3uc th phe c e`hkec ice` cdkfke`, dkdacwk dkicwbth ak cc Sor`cekf ecl- fk ke lkepaucd uaak. %kacu lk euclscth ke tuc ice` eclth $k$hbhk ke eh zcw uaak. ]kthhd puthhd c dacescu the` ihd lca tacu bo ke `cwe`gke`gkce` `hua uaak. Cdub zca sce` c, c tacu zcw tacl ctcwl phe "8E ak ke dc ul ak. Xek$hrskt* 9clpus dacwe`boiuce`, c daucsue` the`ca lhhbaoka tac aoka zoe`

tcwl lcalca uaak. C lk zcwe` tctc c tacu lcalcaiue`bha ak zcw ak. k +cwb`cl )ceòe daucpk ice`lcacacu pkce c fktahk zcw akct the` dauc ecwb bclca keeaoka $k$h lca tcwa the` zcw uaak.

%habklzc +cwbpcu ke Cfaoaloeà or aka bclca %V G%oeosogkul butclcth dkfk# ecd zctbuc lcalca ak dhkbha bhktue`ca Vhelha lca c bkl phe bha c skce`tao pheke dc e`ckasue ak. +cwblha zoe` sctacu tclscd buc dhk

ke, +cwbpcu ke J*c*p*ceGskd*ce@ caka dhk bha JdcrGbcGtacGfakht@ dacwe` ak bha ka ehhd fkce`ke zoe` bkklke fkgcleczoe` tcwa dktucd pac lcalca ak. Ctcwpec ca ô aucelca c fkgcl auck phe ec ak zcw bck ak. 3u c dc `heth phe dhk e`ckasut tcwl c dc lua zkcu czcu `he dc ak c, ice`lca thbdceec ol tuce scl bo ak.%kdce`th phe tce` c tuce c, c pkb c skclscth caka lcaice`ke, cdkgcwl euclth ceehhd dkgop tahka ece`-ke c S

:cts or fcborkhs S ol zcazca gke` tcwa tuct ke ceehhdtukgcwe icwb ua cc, tuc ice` gce c c dkgcllth c-gke`ketacu dhedceec c dkGe`ca dkl gke` ihb ak dake scl bo ak.Clcu ke fahhsh c ecd zct ihd ak cc, hk ehhd sctacufoodke` okb# ice` phualca phe c ecdzct phualca bo akbhubhu ua ak. ^ce gkcd lcalca ke 3klh %c`czkeh sue`ca


48/69

71

dc skldacdec ca Clhrkfcth- ceehhdec bcdca sctacu bhafkGcb tcl buc ak, ka ceehhdth hepac dkd rh$kshrh$khw# keka pucadkd gke` dkscl ak fke dk`hba ak.

XV Dulpk Ke C`cl Lkth Cdhp Cdaok &ce

VV9 dkfk Vofkcb Vhfurkt* 9crg# aoe`pkcd ecd bha XVdulpk ke tc$uce aoe`bc pcagce sucd ak. 4oe` pudskscd bogke` c aoe` dol aoe` daok aoe`daucb gke` ak pca ak.(cshp ec e`ca dhk bha zoe` ecshp ec e`ca lcfkce`fkce`ce aoe` e`cwbscd bo gke` ak. /oog Vtclp fk ke dacsultcwl ihd c sce`th c-gke` Spo$hrt* bkeh- dkfk, lkzcwe`fkce`tceec dact ehk ak. +ac dact ke lk dact ihd caka bhaice`zca, lk eka bha taul c aka bha ice`zca fka ice`ke c

lk ol zca bha c e`ca auckzca fkce`tce cc, tuc zca sce`-cc tcwl zcw sul but c e`cath ke dulpk auaec dkGe`hetahk ak. (cshp shl dklbck aoe` dkdacwbscd bha zoe` dkskcutahk pca ak. 3uc ihd tacl boa ke keeduce sue`ca fkgcl bobha ecG$ccd bo tac zcwe`dacb ol bha ecupce` eo ak tc bhauacl dake ak tc bha c zcwe`dacb c fkgcl boa auacu keauaec pkc bck uaak. ]cwbdact sul tcl sce` zcw akctth ice` c ecshpec pce

dkdacwbscd bha ecshp ec tcce lce uehlpbo*lhetcbbowcefh# fk ke c sce e`hkzca kk c bce` ice` caue dactfkce`tce ke dulpk ke auaec pkcpkc bck lcwd ak. 3uc ak c,XV dulpk ke c `cllkth phe c dhl cdaok tce`tce` lcacakak. Caka ace`ke tuc aoe` daokec sulth phe cduc gce`c- akbo bhubhu ke dacsul sce` dahlphuake c dacsul pcecpkcd bha, lue dact phuaca ce ec ehhd c, $ce ec bhkzoe`ke tuc ec ceehhdec bha ec $cebhkec dahlphua

sue`ca lkdce` pcu ke tcM dkfk lce`lu dulpkth cdkpkcfkctafkcta tcwa c e`ca sul sue` pce aoe` pkcd cakak. (cshl zo ecwe bo pkthhd puthhdth ce $ccdec zoe` ehkuaak. C act bck gkcdth c kee pce thd ca aoe` pck ke dkeh scdak. C aoe` pck zobo th clcu kee thdca ce pahb tuue kedkpucd tce`tce` ak. C ehk zoth ke puthhd pkthhd dhpec kee


49/69

7;

aoka lcalcath ca dulpkth auaec bc bo ke ceupc ke c akzoe`ke clca dkc cak zoe`ke the` ua cc, dac dact ke sultclpk pkc ua ak.

Dulpk %ue`ca Lce`lu Dkpkc %ce`tce` Ctue` c dc `hesc lcaice`ke, sck c dkbhk $ce dahlphuaclc lce thdathda iceca dulpk tue` c dkpkctaucalce`lu tcM# tcwa dk`cwl dake cakak. +acsul zoe`tcwl bha tcl bha tcM ec dkgod ak. Cak zoe`ke susak zkcbthpcwb ke c susak sck cehkth tue` pce sultce` tcwa pcwbdact ke taoa caka lceke tcM pkc dac bo c, $ce c bhk skcbskcbke ihb c pkc $h$h sucd ak.

3uc lca ice`ke cesck bkcepk c cepucd dcwkdcwkghbk$hr*# shlth ke zoe` sultce`ke e`ca ua c, tcM pkcdac bo uaak. Caktc zoe`ke c sck ehkth-e tuc ck gke` ec pkc$h$h gke` ak. 'a +cwb`cl dacwe`ca zoe` aka bcl cth$ckacwl ice`lca ke dacuatcd bha dkfkcetcdke aka aucklcalca ak. C sul butzca tcdpk $k$h tue`ca lce`lu dkpkc ak bha+cwb cl dulpk phe zoe` acua fkatcd c, cacu pac

lcalca $h$h gke` cakak. 3u-e XV tce`pk tce`tcth c bueàkalcwaecpk ua phe, tcM c pkcdsc the` ua +ulpk ke 'rcK`cbsklec bha C:àcekstce `cbsklec ke zce` `ck ua c, tu cdaceèoth c thhd c ùckk fkce`ke dulpkth auaec dkGe`cazo ecwe dhk dac bha fka bueàklcwa thd uaak.

Caka ace`ke dulpk sue` c sulbut phe uplcwa tuct pcdbhe` zoe` lkeuth dact lkeuth eka sue`ke c lkbbkoe c sklsul c but caka lceke ice`lca bueàkalcwa buct gke`ke

dc e`ckasue dhk ak. XVC dulpkphe acu fkatcd c acu cakak.Vul bca but fkatcd c butbut cakak.

Vo"kcb Vh"u$kt) Ke"olh Dk"k ]heskoe Dac Vul +cwb`clca `cbdcpth bha dulpk sue` cc ecshlth boiuce` ke pheskoe sce` bo uaak. +ulpk ecshlth zoe` dul


50/69

8=

tuc zca fkce` phualca ec shp boa ke pheskoe dkpkc bo fkaice`ke, c lcu ecshpec zul tcwa dksck ke dkfkce`tce ak.XVC bhubhu ca dok lue dok lueca ec shl zoe`ke dacsulec sce ecd bha tcM ec pkcd tce`tce` dub ak. 9olpce* ec

dahhb dcwkdcwk zoe` paclcwa bo ak. (c dacsulscesceec phua ca dulpk tue`ca tcM ec pkcd dub cc, ece`tcwa dksck tuc sulth dahlphua ec dkfkcltha dake gkbghbak. ]heskoe dac sul phe ece` dulpk tue` cc tcM ec pkcdzca tcwa dkzuk ke c tcwl c tcl dke`ca gke` cakak. C akzoe ke hk thb tahka pcd gke`ke ec ecshp sue` dk`cwldahlphua c tcwl phe dul 2= caka dhk bha ec frhgktsforh I= c fke dhk bha pheskoe pkc bo $ht sh bhubhu ak.

Vuppbhlhetc$) Vo"kcb Vh"u$kt) Ke"olh C zhezhe ke ecshp dact zoe` e`ca e`hk tcsh dhk bhfkedul F8 ec fke fkce`ke VV' Vuppbhlhetcr* Vofkcb Vhfurkt*'efolh# dkfk sul but ehk bo, c aua c dhl gke` c ol bo lkzcwe`th bha fkec zcwe`dacbth ke skcu tahk ak. 9kgcl bopokec bkclec ickec ec ehka bha ec dkpct ekek c dkpce dkskcutahk ak. Vuca fkb c cgcl bo c pok bue`skl lce bo c

zcwe`dacb th ke zoe` skcu tahk c, c aua c dhl gke`thdacsul zoe` pkc iha uaak.3uc ihd tacl boake %hgkfcrhbha lhgkfckg fk ke zctuk bhkec gke`, ectec ctucltuclicwbec gke ke auaec c tucltucl dke`ca ak. +ulpktue`ca ec pkcdsc ol bo caka lceke tu c dkpkcth phe ece`e`ca gkc dkbcwl ec pheskoe e`ca gke` ak bo ak. 4oe` auaaoe` dhl gce` gke` bha sul butec dkfkce lcalca dactec ehka bha c aueaue ke aoe` pakct dkd pca gke` cakak. 3uc

auacu ke `cllk sucd dakescth ke c eu c pc c u cecu cscp ua fkce`ke, $ccd zo eke` daok zo eke` fka dkfkclectcwa scp tahkaec bha pacbec c e`ca caka lceke, tucice`th bhubhu c thhd c `uck ace`ke, pkcd gke`kedke`ckasue bo bhubhu ak.

8$hh7 8$hh77 8$hh777


51/69

83

+cwb`clca &hcghr-s 6k`hst bha 3klh %c`czkeh dc bcghe c, c tcwpec bcltha !==< dul fkce`# &hcghr-s6k`hst phe iu dact +s 28== $cb tue` lcwd ak. 3klh%c`czkeh iu dact +s 2=== dkllca tue` ak. 4ka bcl dc

tue fkce`ke fo$hr prkfh sce`ke "8E ice` gksfouet dkGe`cac dklce buc sc ke ceka tucd iceca (ctkoecb ho`rcpakf%c`czkeh tcwa iu taul tcd dacskl ke dc bc bhubhu ak. Cbckiu tcdtcd dklceec pk-e bclpk eclpktcd zoe`ke sulaoe` gkdec gke` aoe` $ckacwl uaak. /rhh ke dke`ca fk kebhtsoe` `hetccd bo $k$h tcwa aoe` zob uaak. 3klh %c`czkeh cak zoe` &hcghr-s 6k`hst cak zoe`keclcu prhss pce c taoa bckiu gce`th, ek !2 sue` sklke bc

ec ghka dhk bha aoe` dacd dkd ke fka dacwe` tcl tahklcalca ak. &hcghr-s 6k`hst ice` ec bcwlth eka bhtsoe`pkc ke lce tcwl lcalca ak fk ke dhk `ucd ihd ke bctaucabo ke lkeka bhtsoe` pkcd dcwlec gke`ke c dulfkefkce`ke foupoe tcwa sul aoe` e`hetauca zhb uaak. 'aghka bck bha ka bcwlth bhtsoe` pkcd gke` tcwa fkaec ke dactck sce` c tcl zcw tacl gke` sul aoe` e`he tauca c,pkcd boa tahka boa gceke aoe` doka ak.

Clcu dkce` pce c taoadakct ua bckiu ice` aoe` pucdfkce`ke cekaec fkce` dc bhk c, c eue`sce` bcl tha dc dacddkd tce`tce` ak. 3uc gce c ka dacd dkd `kcp dhk bha c bckiuke tcllce $h$h ak. 4oe` dahl fka tahka gke` caka boaace`ke, pkb$ce` tcdke aoe` dkehbehb ke aoe` dahl zoghdghd ak. XV ca /rhh cfka pkce bha bue`butbuct dubbo ak. 3u auefkce`ke 'ethreht sue`ca ka tahkaeop ice`ice` c dkskl

tahka lceke, c bckiu c bhk gke` tcwl lcalca tc cak tcl,cg$hrtkshlhet ihdihd tcltc c, crtkfbh tcwldac ihddkahbke bccdtccd zoe` dc sc ecwe dhk ak.


52/69

89

Eo : Lcalca &hka ]he Vc'e` 2N


53/69

86

daceàcl dul F= $cb pkce $k$hth ihd lca ke ;ckto ecdzct lcalca pacgkcd bck uaak. 9olpce* th bca bhkic skkdact phualca c dacskcb ke bhkic skkdec ikbb bha bck ctucltucl aoe` ecwa tue lcalca ak. Cak zoe`ke kethreht

auacu ke ekgce` aue tcwa thaec ke ;ckto ecshp phe ctcwl lcalca aoe` ak $h$h tc ak. ;ckto bcl pce sul buttcwl zcw tc cakalceke, ;ckto ecshl zoe` dakcldakcltccc, ekgce` cc ekpk ek boiuce` ekskl cc bck cacwl ua phe,Cuùst dac !=2 dul c dkpce Vcek ek zoe` bck acwlecwe bo gke` fk ecpk c tau ua dahhb dkd cak tcl tu goe`lca!=28# acwl sucdsucd bck uaak. XVC iup sue`ca zce dact ihd c scwt gke` 5$hrekàt

Mprhss %ckb ol ak. 3uc zolca ]rkorkt* %ckb ol c, ektaulihd scwt ak. C tue`` icka c tueàcd tcwa dkecd sck bo zcwcc, e`ca acltce` gkc bckdacdec J9hrtk?hg ;htthr@fkadacwe` ctucltucl ol taucatauca bck ak. (c bck dacdphualcath phe c tuetueec c tueek c tueaue c eck ectcwlke Sghbk$hr* foe?rlctkoe- tcwa ec dacd ecd bhaoebkeh pce trcfdke` eo tcwa dkGhe dkd tahk ak. 3uc zolca/krst, Vhfoeg, 3akrg 9bcss fka ice`ke Slckbke` s*sthl-

olscd bckzhe ak. 3uc ak c, hk bclca ka ;ckto phe luce`pac ecwe bo ka ak tcl, bck zoe` ka dkdacddaob ecwelhhbboa ice` bo ke, bck dkdacd ihd taclboa ke $ce zoe`dkdacd tce`tce` scesce bck uaak. 9arkstlcs c aoe` tuelcthe` ice` ;ckto ca $ce dacd gke` bha bck dakctec gke`lckbb ioM th ca bck dakc gke` dkùcb e`hbe`cb bkce` uaak. C bclgce` lcalca tau ca, dul sklke XVC `cl iupca, dul dact sue`ca 1ceucr* pce (o$hlihr dac ihk goe`

$ce dkbhkth sce`ke, 6hfhlihr dac ihdihd sue` c $ce dkbhkc lcb cak c, c$ce lce $hdpk cak zoe`ke tcl dkbhk zcw ak fkke fkcpthaec ec ehk uaak.

Kesu$ce"h7 Kesu$ce"h77 Kesu$ce"h777


54/69

87

+cwb`cl ca ecshp dc but tue`` phd c dkpce dulpkecshlth bk:h kesurcefh pkcd gke` aoe` dksha ak. (cshp dcbut tue`ke ] /ueg hehrcb ]ro$kghet /ueg# aoe` pkcscdak. 3uc zoe` c scwtbo ke aoe` dkpakct ak. ;k:h 'esurcefh c

dokascth zoe` c taoa dkdeop uatha `heacd tahk lcalcacaka lceke, duc lca-e doka lhhbbo uaak. +he zoe` dcphhb ekboa c, dc phhbzo ikbihb ak. 3uc bo cgce` kesurcefhol lhhb bo lca sucd bhb ak. C ol suesue zoe` luceauckdksc bo caka lceke, c dklceec c ol bo sucd ak. XVC ca kesurcefh cfka c ecldklke ol ak. ;k:hkesurcefh, 4hcbta 'esurcefh, %otor fcr kesurcefh, 4oush'esurcefh, fkath phe ka ehkaboa c, paclcwa ak. 4ukaskc

ùcaskc bha lhkdce` pctcu dact ke hklcu kee aoe` suskcbha aoe` bclscd dkd tceàkcb gke` cakak. 3uc caka zcwa dhkbha zoe`, 7kegow kesurcefh, &oo: kesurcefh, ]rophrt*kesurcefh fk ke c sue` c ec ehkasc $ceth ec bhe` c tucl$kb$hbke kesurcefh dkicwb tahk bck ak.

(c keescpec c ece`lc cktucl c ec ehka $ceG`kb $celcepacth zoe` ùtc iubua ke ec bccdscdke cak zoe`ke,pctcu lhkdce` dact c akzoe`, aukapk ùcapk bha tuk

daceec ace` c dkpce ec $ceth sup bcwaec lce bcwaectucd dac bhfke fkaec tcwa Jcrlcdace@G kesurcefh dkpkctahk ak. %cwtcw ice` zoe` bclpk dcb bcdca dkskc bha aoe`dckascd gke` aoe` auapca bkce gke`ke Srocgskgh kesurcefh-dkpkc tahk bck ak. C tcwp dacdec ca ka ehka ka bcl dahlphua kesurcefhdkpkc tahk ak. (c ehkasc suce`lce pac dact phua zoe`kesurcefh dkpkc tahk ak. Clce aoe` fkce`tce scd gke` c,

ece` fka tahkaboa tau dact phua ace`ke lcesuca bhtha clcezca aoe` boa dkd gke` cakak. (c lcesuca dhk bha bcadacskl c ec pkcd zcazca clcu c, ak pca bhb ak.

;k:h 'esurcefh ice` phe doka zo ak bhe` ka ska tha hk bhahk dkùkzo tceàkcb gke` ak scl ak. XV ca buce` paulecgoe` phe c tcwl phephe Z 2=,=== ice` ihk acltce` cc


55/69

88

dke`ckasue cakak. 3uc ice` c c dkscl dahlphua the`kesurcefh pkc ek fk bhe` bca dac dact sul tclpk tcd c ihkgke` ak zhb bhubhu cc duc lca ke dkpkc dkl zo phualca boak. 'ee ehkth ke 4oush 'esurcefh bha %cwtcw ehkth ke fcr

kesurcefh phe pkcdboa ke dkpaclcwascd thd ak.+cwb`cl c auce` tcwa dktauca cdkbcl tcka keeth phe c

lcu cc tcwa thaec ke c luceauck lcalca ec ak dkdikbihb ak. 4ka bclca c keeth ua cdkbclgce strufturcbb*#luceauck ahtbo c, sulphk act lcalcath torecgoh#ice`ke ecwd dac bha caka dhk bha eck dact tck 2==G2!=lpa cact aukapk eue` bha c taucdzo gke` tcwl lcalcaak. +auc aue bca skc pac lcalca caka lceke 4oush

'esurcefh pkcdboa ke paclcwa ak. +c fka fkce`ke tcka keesce`pkpkth sd*sfrcphrs bha ak`arksh iukbgke`#th c`heeucl dc ak dhk ak. 3uc th bhubhu fkce`ke tuc ice` c hkacwltacwa gke` ice` ak phualca bo bhubhu ak. 3uc ak c, Clhrkfc ca 'esurcefh 'esurcefh 'esurcefhlca pkcd tce`tce` dub c, dac skl c kesurcefh ikbb pkcdlcalca zoe` dkiuckpka tacpcck ak.

Clh$k"c==Bceg o9 Cppo$tuekt)

+ce zo bhe` puceskba ekdthe c lcetcwl c lce tclecol ak. Ctacd $k$h cduldul c cbcka ua ak c, tucth $k$hbhkbhe` Z2== tue`skca $k$h lca lce ak. ;uk tcsh dhk bhadul dact dul ekath tuc zc dact lceth ke Z!8 aucl $k$hcc bhk gke`ke c buksck ca dkzucd hucu ak. +cwb clcacetce` c dulbukth tcl c lct zcwd ice` bo ke puceskbaekkdthe bclsce` bhubhu fkce`ke c skc aktc dhk bha c tacd bcklcalca pkpk zoe` c dulbuk loghb out# caka ecd bha lce

tcwl ihd ke dkzucd ak./uekturh fka ice` dacwe` zoe` c zucdec c tacdsck catub c skl cdkbhkth ice` stcth Vcbh ca bhk bhe` Z2==G==dkdcb dacwe` ak bhb ak. C skc buc c ice` buc zoe` akphualca bo ak. 4cu thd ua euclsc thd ua caka lcekescwtpk c zct $ceth fkkltcd pcapca uaak. k `cl hk bhk


56/69

8:

tcwa tuctec ke c $ceth ua c skc $ct gke` olbo ak. 'a zcttahka gke` c taupk ak pca bhb cc, dkscdtahkapka gke` cc bhksce`ke zct tahka gke` bha c dkscpec zuk cc bhk tahka gke`taupk caka lceke pkb$ce` gke` taupk ak. ]kb$ce` bhe` hklk c

tue`tacdth cgke`ke sul tclpkpk ihk bo c, $ce tclpk cdkbhktahk cakak. ]kbec lca taupkscd phe ke hklc dk$cdaec tcwa dkzuk keske ihaiha dub ak. k bcl ice`ke %00V, 0, fkath phe cauclpk c skeec tahkaec ak pce c, tuc sue`ca hk udec hkdk$cdec zuk ke ctuclke dkske taucatauca tahk ak. hethaecke skc$uceth ice` ectec c tucltucl bcdca ectec dactihd tcwa dksck cak zoe`ke fk$kb he`kehhrke` tcwa gh`rhh

e`ca ka fka ice` zoe` cauclpk lhhklcck c, cdkske ak pcec, tuc sue` pceke foefrhth he`kehhrke`, :ouegctkoehe`kehhrke`, irkg`h he`kehhrke` fka ice`ke c tucltuclke tclpk tcd dkdahe taucatauca bck ak.

3uc ak c, XVC ca hk ghka iceìce` sucdtc tcdke dksketahk dcwkdcwk c, pkbec phe c zoe`th c-gke`ke dkfke` tcdkeol zkazkca ak. 3ucth dahlphua `cllkth ke dkghkgceecol bo ke, c sul c pcck ec ehka ecd bha ghka ice`tcd ke

dkske tahk ak.3ucth bcdca hk dk$cdaec tcwa dktucd thhbskcl gke` taupk

ak. ]kbec ec e`ca bha ec e`ca iceìce` aclpactec olak. C upcgk e`kct ke pacbbo caka lceke lkecl ghkgceec czcwe` cacu, dulpk ecshl c zc bkce c zc ehu tcwa dksckke, dact bha dact dkghkgceec, dkskllcwaec dkzcwescdectcwl lcalca ak. +act bha dact dkdacdtce tahkaec tcl boak. C pkb c skclthe c skclec zca tcwa dktucdke sul

tclpkpk e`ca uaak. ]kbec bha dk$cdaec c taupk icwb gcephe, Vkc$uceth bhtlct bo ke zctuk dkbhk lcwdlcwd tahk boak. 3au bkce aht bo tau ehu lcalcath ec e`cwe ca,taudahe zul cdktue ecd ua bha, Vktek ;cw*hrCttoreh*#fkcb boake paclcwa scd shsh ua c, Vktekth lue c pkcd eoplce tceàkcb cakak.


57/69

80

3u bcktcd ice`ke luegce` `clgce` pce c, c but 'egkcbha Vheth ice` folputhr pkbec bcl ice` ca dk$c tahkphualca ke lketace` lcalca ua cc, ek tac eck tac sultclpk e`ca pca uaak. Clhrkfc c acu lcalca ka fkafkath

ice`, auedact bck c 'srchb or bhktue` `cl tucltucl pce,aoe` but 1hw lkeclth $k$h ak zcw ak ec fk uaak. ;hktue` c bcskcl lketace` lcalca b$ks ]rhsbh*,%kfachb 1cfdsoe, 0csdht icbb dklcwbec bcl c lketace`%kfachb 1orgce, ob: dklcwbec bcl c lketace` 3k`hr7oog, Clhrkfce /ooticbb bha 0oMke` dklcwbec dacwe`zoe`ca lk lketace`th ke sul tclpk e`ca ke acuabcwathd uaak. hor`h Voros cdkfk 4ue`cr* pce 1hw lkeclth ak

c, 2N8F dul phdke (czk th c taucdbcaec tcwa Clhrkfc ctue` ak c, tu ke bhktue` lkacu lcalcath bcdca dkahbtc ak.Voutahcst Cskc, ;co `cl pceke 4loe` dkfk ekecl ehudact sue` pce %hh %ouc ke Vtcth dact ca Vhector e`caak. C tcdtcd ke XV ca Clhrkfce &hg 'egkceth boiuce`keethhd tcdtcd duc lca ol bo c, phhltc kllk`rcets#$k$h lca cdkak thd cakak. C tuc &hg 'egkce ka fkath zoe` c

dkpct fkb ke Cskc pce lca aoe` bcb ak gke`ke dkGullcwa ak. 3uc dakt zcwa fkce`ke tuaue X+ Xekthg +ke`gol# dkfke`bceg, 7cbhs, Vfotbceg, (ortahre 'rhbceg dkfk `cl pcebha /rcefh, Vpcke, ]ortu`cb, hrlce* dkfk urophfoetkehet pce ke tce`tcwe` phdphd ke Clhrkfc $k$h eczuce uaak. 3uc bck ca lkdce` e`bksa suceth lca c tcwpdacdec ca `ucbzo ke, tuaue tha c keethhd tcwa cdkice` akihd c, XVC phe bhktue` lkecl tucltucl dkahbazcu c

theec `cl lketace` lcalca dact cakak.3uc iceca uroph pce aoe` pck Vpcketh ice` ec tcllcalca ua c, 9hetrcb Clhrkfc `clth- ec zo lcalca uaak. %hMkfo ka fkafka `cl bkce lcalca ice` clcu- `clsucd scdke, clcu- pcu clcu- lk $k$h ec the` uaak. 3ucihd tacl boake tuc `cl dkl the`ca bha Vouta Clhrkfc


58/69

81

`cl pcwb dact ec goe`ca clcu Vpceksa pcu ec tahkscdzo lcwd uaak. /rcefh th- shll zoe` 9cecgc bha ;ctkeClhrkfc ka fka pca bkce ice`lca ke 9hetrcb Clhrkfc ca;ctke bck ;ctke pcu ec tahkscd zo uaak.

XVC kk c`cl cbhk, bo dacwaec `ce dacwkecth phe,lkdce` eclth suce bha dacdth $k$h lca ke `cla bha òuke ec ehk ua c, cak zoe`ke daucpk sue` c, sul tacbcwaectcwa cdk$ccd ceue`tc lkth phe bhktueìup lkecldahlphua dkdklahb dake ak. XV ka fka phe bhktue`caghlofrcf* dkGudec cghka lk dahlphua cdksudtucaec`claoka `clpac `cleucl `cl dace`to phephe cakak. 3uc lca ice ke c dkGudec c taudauepk ua c Xpcgk ua

aokabuc e`kct caka ice ca c Xpcgk cak 3audauepk ke ud zogkpghp caka lceke, c duc c duc dkghkgceec olbo ke lkpkblkskcl lk acefkcl eucl lcalcath, clc tupectue`tcwe ke ùcbzo ke lketaceec, acuaec, bkctec dkGe`catahk ak. XVC `cllk dact cc- gke ke bhktue` luegce``clgce` dact phua ca c olbo, dkghkgceec c dacclllcalcaec lue bha shp tahka icwb tahka gke` zoe`cdkfke`tcd c, c ol pkdphdec, lkake` dact kk tupec bha

`hbecth ctce`tue` scd tahk gke` c `cl dkGudec,aclpactec dkfkeec `cl ;ceg o: Cpportuekt*# ka fka pheXVC ihd lca ol ak, dkfk tahk ak.

C aka ace`ke lue dahlphua ca hk pkbec hk skclec ihdtcwa ak dake bo bhubhu ke sul ke tau `he c, sul bo ke sce`dkdca zobo zhb caka lceke, c `he ob ke c shp tcdtcdfkce`ke, `kl bha tcwb bha bue`skl dacuaec tclpk tcd kataucd ka ehka lcscd dub $h$h gke` ak.

0ceìce` ka fk zoe`ke c tue` c doe` pubccd daktsc XVC`cl sue` c ol `cllk c sucd dakesc lk zcwe`, lk acu,lkbkce, lkecl c tucltuclth- aclpactec bha tau ehkaecc tucltuclth dc e`ckasut pact lcalca fkce`ke auedact bck c, hk +cwb`cl c J 0urlhsh 7c* to Vofkcbksl Jcdkfk dul !F sue` tce`fkkl sktsht, lkake` thdthd bkce`do


59/69

8;

dkdkl gke`, ka `cl kk acuaec bha zcweec tcwa dkzuk ke`cllk dahlphua ke eoptuclec clcu sce fkctca e`catahk fkct gke` fk c, ka acefkcl ekboa phe, tue` scdzophualca bo c bcldcb ca ka $ckk tacl ice` bo ke, clcu- c

ec tue`dake bha cec zce`dake pkdphd ec aka lcwd $ha h,fk-e eue` pacwd dkdec dc e`ca scesce ak.

Clh$k"ce Fow#o)s 9owio*s tcwa dksck ka zcdzcd e`hksc lca ice ke ctcdtcd hk pcu ke skcbfke` icwe`fke`th fkaec ak bhb tcd ak. kbcl ice` ke clcu dkce`ca lucb bha `ucl sue`ca skcb bhaicwe` dkdaca daobbo c `clzce` zcpk bopc olec the`ca

skcb bha icwe` c zc c tub c sklke daca uaak. 3ucth c fkeafkce`ke scdob tue` tuce`ke fke` dcwkdcwk uaak.

Clhrkfce Vkcbfke`iu dact

3uc ice` c scdob tue`tuce` dcwlsc tcwa icwe` bha

skcb cfkea dcwldcb uca, clce aue ua fkce`ke fkl taokaecke scdob tue`tuce skcl dacwe` aoe` dkghl uaak.0cwe`th c tck bck scdobtcwa ghba ke dacuaucb tcwa ctuueskcl aoe` dkske uaak. 3uc iceca icwe` tck bck, skcb tckbckscdob tue`tuce` dcwlsc ke ghbake c eckk c tue fkce`ke


60/69

:=

scdob tue`pce tucddakc ke icwe`skcb c dk pce lcepcabkceke icwa pca bkcebkce fka dacwe` aoe` dkske uaak.

C scwtscwt fkce`ke tuc ice` skclecth aoe` dkghlicwb tc uaak. Vcdob dktuce` e`hk eckk bo tue`ca scdob tce

skclec aoe` dkghl uaak. 0cwe` `kbo skcb `kboth tue`catuce skclec aoe` dkghl toto ua c tuc ice` skclecthJ&ogho@ fk ke aoe` lketace` lcalca ak. 4ka fk ice` c aoe` dacetoa ua fkce`ke pcscbth ihd ak boke eulhkth zoe` dul zcbol 2N cdkpce 9ow`krbs dkfk keicwe`fkea skcbfkea aoe` dkske uaak. 3uc tcwa dkzolkepcscbth lca tcwa bkce`do dkdkl c skclec cehka tahka gke`ua aoe` dkske aoe` dkghltc uaak.

3uc ihd tcwa bue`dkl zo bo ke Clhrkfce 9owio*s lketcwa 9owio* lo$kh dacwe` aoe` pauce` ua c, fowio*dkehkaskcl 1oae 7c*eh, 9bket cstwoogth ice`, tuc ace`-lcalca tcwa lketaceec aoe` e`ca uaak. 4ka lo$khsue`th ca tce`bck phdphd c ectk$h Clhrkfceth &hg'egkces#th tcwa `cb dksklecth iubpaua ke 9owio* lo$khaoe` dkzcka ua c, bhktue` lue dahlphuaca dkzhhb kelketace` lcalca ak.

Clhrkfce Fow`krb

4ka ice` c scdob tue`tuce skcl dkghlec, icwe` bhaskcb tue`ca tuce dkghlec fkath phe Clhrkfceth paucd


61/69

:3

lcscd lua lcscd ak zhezhe bo ak. 'a `hesc lca ice`ke,XVC ca keethhd &hg 'egkceth bo iuce` ctue` lcscthbcdca uroph pce phhltc $k$h cak uaak. &hg 'egkcethlcalca zoe` c tue` c pct ke Cskc pce pkce` ak ke, tuc

pce &usskc `cl bcl pce dkpceke Cbcsdc Vtcth bcl zucekec tue` lcsc phe pcwb ak gke`ke tau dce skclth ke upec ecehk uaak. Cbcsdc Vtcth lcalca zoe` aue dact bck ke&usskc `cl cakak.#

Clhrkfce Fowioys


62/69

:9

Clh#k(ce Fo!oys 7 8oho th:0 skcl ce

Cgkcdgkcd ke Vpcke pce ec tcl pac lcalca c, tucice` c scdob tuce skcl dkghlec fka dacwe` phe tuc bck

phdphd pce c, cdkdhe` sucdsucd ak zcw gke`ke upec ecehk uaak. 0ce`zca tcdke c dacetoa lcalca ua ace`ke, 9owio*sskclec tcwa dksck dkghlec c tucltuclth- c lce`taceè`hk bo gke`ke, caueaueke dkghlec pcwk icwb ua c bkldhplcalca uaak. ]cpk puthhd pcwb dact bha daceèo pcwbdactth ice` kea, :csakoe dact ke e`ckasue ke eksc bcd ùcazu bcd ak tc sh dhk bha, $caec fkcaec daucbzkeec ca

fowio* budau dau dcwl bha Clhrkfce hce pcet dacwe`the` ke c pck c dacwb, dact bha eka dklu ducuducu tahk c,cguce` dkdack e`kke`hkk bha lhhb aoka ctauca dacwlbckbckth- ice` ecd htbcwl tahk pac lcalca uaak.


63/69

:6

Ectkvh Clhrkfce aorsh rkghrs

Clhrkfce Vkcbfke`/Icwe`fke` dkehkaskcl lketace`th

Facpth$ 8o$t) .ehClh$k"c Duc'e Lu Lcsc ]he

Clhrkfc tce`tau phe tol `he pcd bhe` 'tcb* `cl csucd Vpcke `cl c dace`dakc 9arkstopahr 9obuliusluadakct lcscd ak fkGke tugoe` lcake dkfkcltha ak. Cakzoe`ke ceue` dcedce ua fkce`ke ctuclpk dact aoe` sucdak. 9arkstopahr 9obulius phe Vpcke `cl thlicwdacwbec]cbos pce, ]ketc, (kec, Vcetc %crkc dkfk thlicw taultcwa aoe` pckdakc ua c, ekpk 2= c scwt daktzcwa 5ftoihr


64/69

:7

2!, 2IN! zke`sce` tue`ke clc tuceec ]ketc dkfk thlicwtue`ca c daucgcd bha tukpk ecwbca cdklu dakc e`hk bo`cltacd dact lu ak.

Clca phe 'egkc `clecwb cst 'egkhs dkfk Vpkfh 'sbcegs

c tue` `k`h lca dkscsc lcwd c, c lk luath phe 'egkcethlcake lkepaucdke tugoe` c pcksucd cakak. Clc odakcbaeclca zolpckake dksckbopk tcdke (orta Clhrkfc c, c ecthe`scth phe tugoe` lca &hg 'egkce dkfk ak. 9obuliusphe +ul 2I82 dulke heoc, 'tcb* ca sucdke 28=F dulkesk ak. C ska goe` lca 'egkc `cl c tue` lca dkscsc ak.Ctcdtcdke cst 'egkhs ak bo c 0caclcs tukduba tue` ak zcwak. 3uc tukduba c tcwl$hk c $cd dakttha fkgcl pacbo ke c

scwtbo ke fkcadkd ak. +ul 28=! fkce`ke Clhrk`o hspuffk cbkcs# Clhrkfushspufkus cgce` dact zoe` ehkbck Clhrkfo hspufko dkfksul icwb sulzucd skcl lcalca dact bha, duclca pacdeckboaec the` c pac eucl lcsc c, daucbzke dcwkdcwkpchMpborhr# ke 9obulius phe cst 'egkhs c tue` caka boabcl bha 0caclc tukduba fkce`ihd c tue` caka zcwd bclthbtcd ke $c ludakc ak. Clhrkfc clca c lu lcsc phe

ctue` lcsc cak eucl hk bha lk tclpk ec the` dake zcw bckak. Ctue` lcsc tcdtcd phe 'tcb* th lca cak, c tue` clketaul ehkpc lca cakak. Clc lke zolpcka ke Clhrkfuspce Clhrkfc cdkfk cakak. Clca phe &hpuibkf o: /borhefh,eue`sce` fkce`ke 'tcb* dkfk `clca %crfa N, 2I8I ke sucdc, /hirucr* !!, 282! ek ke dul 8" c pacd ke sk ak. Vhetholluce` ec tcwl ke do tue` lcsc zcw ue` c fk eucl

$k$h cak uaak. Caka ace`ke tugoe` lca 9obulius lkelca ke pck sucdsucd scd bhb uaak. 0cwe` phe dauk ka fka c,scdob phe skpau ka fka ice`gce lca ke c dktahk dakcbpk, clcce ahtbopk lca c lcce ice` c dkzukzuk sucd cakak.Vourfh> 'ethreht#


65/69

:8

Clh$k"ce th' @cbskl Ke Ektul %kdce`th 0rktksa# th-ka fka phe c thk lcalca ua ak dhkbha Clhrkfc lu lcsc c thhe` lcsc tcdtcdth phe Vpckethlcalca tcl pac gkcd ak. +auc dahlphua ca ol ak. %ue

lke `cl lke, dauc lketh zoe` Vpceksa pcu $k$h cakak.Vce /rcefksfo, Vce 6khò, Vce 1osh proeouefhg Vce4o-Vh-# XVC c tcw bclca Vcetc /h, ;oukskcec, c bckzce`bclca 9kefkeectk, 'egkcecpobks fka dacwe` c tcl zcw aklck h, lkdce` lke tcdtcd ol lhhb bo ke uroph `cl bclpce aoe` pck lkecl tucltuclth lke paucdsc $k$h tclak.

Clhrkfceth ke &hg 'egkceth tcwa `cb dkskl, Vpceksath

tcwa dkskl, c lcu bha clcu (ortahre bha Voutahre dkskl,0rktksa th bca ec go fka ice`ke acdsctec dahlphua cicecice ke c ec pcbtce ke ec ùcbzo ghe ua cakak. 77' B77'' ke bca ùcbzo, +orhce 7cr bca ehk, khtecl 7cr caùcbbhb, tue 'rcK bha C:àcekstce tcwa dkskl bhubhu, tu ecklcalca tha ;ki*c `cl $c sckGec sckGbc# dcwkdcwk fkaice` ak ke XVth phe `cbsklke ektulke bhktueìup cudeucl `cwp ua ak lck ak.

Clh$k"c Xtauck %cdpk Lcw==Bo0 4ka ctue` c taubu tcwa dksck ke c lcsc ke doe` `he eopca, ceehhd tukgcwe daclbca bkce` bha ka fk ka bu ec bhadkdaok dkdhhl zobo bkce` c, dace`bukth pcu bhe` Se`cbtacbgo- c pul taucd ike`taucd bkce` gkelue ca ka ollce ak dhk bha ka `cl ka bhk dcedce c eucl ol bo ak.

^ce`doe` ka tue lc ke ^ce`doe`ca dkGol eucl ke

dkthe` eucl lcalca ak. 'a ol tcdtcd fkce` ke bca c+cwbth bcdca c ehkpheth zoe` dkak bo pca paot lcbcl zhbke acdscpkpk c ka oltha bca ka pkceec ka ô`cl lcadkpacwd e`hue`cu zhb ak. ô`cl fkca tcdtcd bhe` bcascwt$hkpk dkGol zo tuce bo bhubhu ak. ^ce`doe` c olscthô`cl duc lca fkca dkd eucl ecwe bo tc bhubhu uaak.


66/69

::

4ka bclca zoe` c lcu dkce`ca c euckeue` phe pcwblca dkak $h$h ak. ]kcepka bkce`do dkdklecpkcepkasucatcdec aulce rkàts# e`kct ke aoe` bue` eucl scd akdhk bha dulpkth bha lkacuth skbc tcdpk lca dkak $h$h ak. C

tcdtcd dulpk ka fka th zoe` lkacuth bha tcce`pkth skbc akdkd ikbihb ak. +cwb`clca dacsul dkdaol ahtbo ak dhk bhadulpk ecshp phe c eucl lcalca fka gke` cakak. +cwb`cl ihd ak bo ke luegce` `clgce` dahlphuaca zoe`dulpk ecshlth lca aclpac zcw ghua ak. Vucdtc zcwghua uaak. 4ka bclca folpce* th dauteuck ak lcwd thd ua c,ecshp c ol dhk bha dkGdacwbscd zkcuzkcu ak. Xbkceth lckGht

zoe` c dub $h$h dcwkdcwk cakak. k ôlkth c tclzcwtactce` $k$h lca tcwa ec dkshl cakak. C lkdce` clk$olth shpeop boa the`, c thhb lcscd boa the`lcacdkshl cakak. 3uc ice` ecshp e`ca ecgke` zoe`, c shleucl thdthd ka aka ace`ke, %kdce` dakttha lk$olth-elue e`ca c, lk$ol dakttha 4kspcekf dkfk %hMkfce,Vpceksath pcwb ke zol ak. C eueue` pheca Cskceth fkagke` cakak.

3uc ice` dc fkatha c upcgk c `he dc ak dhk ak. %kake` kaaka lca ice`ke hk bha hk dkeckpka the` lca dkghkascdkeecshp dkpkc eucl caka lceke, ecshp skcuaec ca ecshpe`ca zcwa ece` c acdsc bha c ob zcw gce dc `heeopeccakak. %kake` ka aka lca ice`ke c bue`skl sue`ca ehuGhtec skllcwaec bue`skl dkehk $h$h acltce` gke` cakaace`ke, duclca ke c bceàtce`pk ke aoe` ehea ekcle`cl bo ua ak. +cl pcu bu ahd c dakcba dacd gke` ec bhe`

dkgcwl pac lcalca uaak. +cwb`cl sue` c gkcdgkcdke )ceòe daucpk sue` dacwe`c lkacu lkeuclsc lcwtcw tcwa c $cd akcbakcbth,sulzkce acu c sulzoe pcck zoeec dkfkce ehkth c-gke`kepck auck ahtaht bo ak. 3uc bo phu

Ka Muhpak US Gamthu Pawlkhat.

Documents