CLASSIFICATION K • Kingdom P • Phylum C • Class O • Order F • Family G • Genus S • Species Scientific name is genus and species name. Organisms in same genus are closely related
Dec 23, 2015
CLASSIFICATIONK
• Kingdom
P• Phylum
C• Class
O• Order
F• Family
G• Genus
S• Species
Scientific name is genus and species name. Organisms in same genus are closely related
FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION
Moneran•Bacteria•Prokaryotic•No nucleus•Have cell wall•Unicellular•Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic
Protist•Protozoans, algae•Eukaryotic•Have nucleus• Some have cell wall
•Mainly unicellular•Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic
Fungi•Mushroom, yeast•Eukaryotic•Have nucleus•Have cell wall•Mainly multicellular
•heterotrophic
Plant•Moss, fern, trees, flowers
•Eukaryotic•Have nucleus•Have cell wall•All multicellular•autotrophic
Animal•Sponge, annelids, amphibians, birds, mammals
•Eukaryotic•Have nucleus•No cell wall•All multicellular•heterotrophic
Dichotomous key• Always begin with #1• Follow directions using choices given• What shape is “Gina”?• Equilateral triangle
Types of Plants
Bryophytes•Non-vascular•No xylem or phloem
•Examples are mosses•They are small•Have to be near water•No pollen, seeds, flowers, or fruits
Gymnosperms•Vascular•Xylem to move water•Phloem to move food
•Examples are conifers•Have pollen (sperm)•Have seeds on cones•No fruits or flowers
Angiosperms•Vascular•Xylem to move water•Phloem to move food
•Examples are flowering plants like oak trees, corn, and roses
•Have pollen (sperm)•Have seeds in fruits•Have flowers
PLANT ADAPTATIONSROOT, STEM, LEAF FLOWERS AND FRUITS
Roots are adapted to absorb water with root hairs
Leaves are adapted for photosynthesis by being flat and green
Stems move water with xylem
Flowers have bright petals to attract pollinators
Pollen (Sperm) can be transferred by animals
When egg joins with pollen, a seed is formed in the ovary
The ovary becomes the fruit Fruit surrounds and protects
seed Fruit also helps get baby plants
in seeds away from parent plant
TYPES OF ANIMALS
Annelids•Segmented worms•No backbone•“breathe” through skin
•Closed circulatory system
•External fertilization
•External development
Insects•No backbome•Three body segments
•Six legs•Wings•Open circulatory system
•External fertilization•Females may store sperm
•External development
•metamorphosis
Amphibians•Have backbone•Moist skin•Gills when young, lungs when adult
•Three chambered heart
•Cold-blooded•External fertilization
•External development
•Metamorphosils•Jelly like egg
Mammals•Backbone•Hair•Milk glands•Lungs•Four chambered heart
•Warm-blooded•Internal fertilization
•Internal development
•Amniote egg
Disease causing virusesVIRUS STRUCTURE VIRAL REPRODUCTION A virus is not made
of cells It is nucleic acid
(DNA or RNA) surrounded by protein coat (Capsid)
• Virus can’t reproduce unless it is inside a living cell
• The virus uses the cells enzymes and ribosomes to make DNA and protein
• New viruses either bud off of the cell or the cell bursts, releasing lots of viruses
BACTERIA vs VIRUSESBACTERIA VIRUS
• Made of cells• Can be killed by
antibiotics• Examples of disease
caused by bacteria is strep throat
• Not made of cells• MUCH SMALLER THAN CELLS• Can’t be killed by antibiotics• Example of diseases caused
by viruses are AIDS (HIV), Smallpox, Influenza
Internal and external factors in disease
Malaria
Mosquitoes transmit malaria
Individuals who have the sickle
cell trait (heterozygous)
aren’t as affected as
homozygous individuals
PKU
Individuals who have PKU can’t
break down phenylalanine
If it builds up it can cause
mental retardation
Keep individuals withPKU on a diet,
they don’t have brain damage
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is uncontrolled
growth of cells in the lungs
Individuals who smoke are
more likely to get lung cancer
Diabetes
Diabetes results from
when the pancreas fails
to make enough insulin
Individuals who are overweight and who don’t exercise seem
to be more affected
Skin Cancer
Light skinned people don’t
have the natural melanin
protection of darker skinned
people
Overexposure to sunlight can
trigger the changes that lead to skin
cancer
IMMUNITYB-cells
• White blood cell
• Make antibodies
T- helper cells
• White blood cell
• Help coordinate immune response
T-killer cells
• White blood cell
• Kill virus infected cell
PASSIVE vs. ACTIVE immunity
PASSIVE IMMUNITY ACTIVE IMMUNITY• Person does NOT
make memory cells or antibodies
• Antibodies only are transferred
• Doesn’t provide long-term protection
• Natural: from breastfeeding
• Artificial: Rabies “shot”
• Person DOES make antibodies AND memory cells
• Provides long term immunity
• Natural: you have disease
• Artificial – you get a VACCINATION