Juvenile Justice A GUIDE TO THE SYSTEM Why do we have it? Children and adults were incarcerated together Judges had to sentence a child by: jail.

Juvenile Justice System

Juvenile Justice A guide to the system

Why do we have it?Children and adults were incarcerated togetherJudges had to sentence a child by: jail with adults twice their agerelease them with no repercussions. First Juvenile CourtIllinois, 1899

Source:Schwartz, Robert G., and Marsha Levick. "When A Right Is Not Enough." Criminology & Public Policy 9.2 (2010): 365-373. Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text. Web. 16 Oct. 2013.

Why were kids in jail?1890-1920Kids were involved in criminal activityEmergence of different jailsRefugee HousesReformatoriesFemale only institutions

Source: "Development of the Juvenile Justice System." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

Refugee HousesFocused on the reeducation of youth and used indeterminate sentencing, religious training, and apprenticeships in various tradesPromote order and DisciplineProblem:OvercrowdedOverworked

Source: "Development of the Juvenile Justice System." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

ReformatoriesFoster Homes normally located on farmsPhysical laborProblem:OvercrowdedOverworked

Source: "Development of the Juvenile Justice System." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

Female only institutionsMid 1880sTeaching domestic skills

Source: "Development of the Juvenile Justice System." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

Patriae DoctrineCreated to discipline youth committing criminal acts

Detailed:State can act as a parentGovernment can intervene when its in the best interest of the child

Source: Schwartz, Robert G., and Marsha Levick. "When A Right Is Not Enough." Criminology & Public Policy 9.2 (2010): 365-373. Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text. Web. 16 Oct. 2013.

Juveniles Rights According to Congress, late 1960sThe right to receive notice of chargesThe right to obtain legal counselThe right to confrontation and cross-examinationThe privilege against self-incriminationThe right to receive a transcript of the proceedingThe right to have an appellate court review the lower courts decision

Source: "The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act, 1968 & 1974(1) youth offenders were to have sight and sound separation from adult offenders to prevent any contact between the two groups(2) youth who have committed status offenses (i.e. curfew, truancy, alcohol possession, etc.) could not be placed in a juvenile or adult detention facility(3) youth could not be detained in adult jails unless certain requirements were met(4) states create plans to reduce the number of minority youth (i.e. disproportionate minority contact) in the juvenile justice systemSource:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

Who is a JuvenileUntil 18North Carolina, New Hampshire, Texas, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, MissouriUntil 17

Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

When can a juvenile be charged as a adult?16 in most statesKentucky14

Florida and other statesLaws state any person, juvenile or adult will be charged as an adult for murder

Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

Death PenaltyDiscontinued in 2005 Supreme Court case Roper v. Simmons

Source: "Juvenile." Juvenile. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

Todays Juvenile Justice SystemBased on reformDetention centersEducateReturn to societyGoal:ModificationNonrepeating offenses

Source: Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.

Where do we go?Create safer environmentsEducation in detention center

Source: Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov. 2013.