Justice, Conflict, and the Right to the City

-Topic-Ethics, the Environment,

and Conflicting Priorities/ Planning Goals(Justice, Conflict, and the Right to the City)

By : Desy Rosnita Sari

P28017016

AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct--APA (American Planners Association) --Published in : APA, Adopted March 19, 2005, Effective June 1, 2005, -Revised October 3, 2009Keywords : Code of Ethics, Planning Profession Principle, Professional Conduct, Code Procedureshttp://www.planning.org/aicp/

ARTICLES :

Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities? Urban Planning and the Contradictions of Sustainable Development--Scott Campbell--Published in : Journal of American Planning Association. Summer 1996Keywords : sustainability, Planner's Triangle, environmental, conflict in planning,

Environmental Ethics and Planning Theory --Timothy Beatley--Published in : Journal of Planning Literature Vol 4. No 1. Winter 1989,By Ohio State University PressKeywords : Environmental ethic, moral obligation, environmental protection, nature life

Presentation Outline

1. The Ethics of Profession

2. Ethics Between Priorities

3. Ethics = Moral Obligation

APA---American Planning Association.An independent, non-profit educational organization that provides leadership in the development of vital communities / Planning profession, includes a professional institute for certification (professional planners, ethics, professional development, planning education, and the standards of practice) – AICP (American Institute of Certified Planners)

Founded : On October 1, 1978, unification of the American Institute of

Planners (AIP) and the American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO)

Membership

40,000 national members, and more than 15,000 (nearly 40%) are

certified planners.

Board of APA elected by members in each 4 years

:http://www.planning.org/apaataglance/leadership/apaboard.htm

Function :

1. Setting up board policy for the Association and governs its affairs

2. Four-year serving terms

AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct

APA Website :https://www.planning.org/

William Anderson, FAICPPresent APA President

APA and AICP ?

APA Bases :

D.C. is home to the Partnerships, Outreach, and Policy functions, including Government Affairs and Public Information, as well as the Professional Development functions of AICP. (Policy and Managerial activity)

Chicago is home to the Education, Research, Publications, Website, Conferences, Membership (including AICP membership), Marketing, Leadership and Component Programs, as well as Operations (administration, finance, human resources, and information technology). (Operational activity)

WASHINGTON, D.C.American Planning Association1030 15th St., NWSuite 750 WestWashington, DC 20005-1503Phone: 202-872-0611Fax: 202-872-0643

CHICAGOAmerican Planning Association205 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1200Chicago, IL 60601Phone: 312-431-9100Fax: 312-786-6700

APA e-mail : [email protected].

Presentation Outline

1. The Ethics of Profession

2. Ethics Between Priorities

3. Ethics = Moral Obligation

Why should planners talk about ethics?

5. Written ethics codes and the consequences for violating them offer protection to planners and others (public/clients/employers/ colleagues/….)

“AICP Code” as an example

1. Planning involves decisions on public resources

2. Planners interact with the public sector, then operate within the consent of society (including who will benefit or/and who will be harmed by their decisions)

3. Public expect planner’s integrity in those decisions

4. Ethics calls on planner’s integrity to evaluate alternatives and consequences before making those decisions

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The AICP “Code”1. Aspirational principles2. Rules of conduct3. Procedures

1. The Ethics of Profession2/18

The AICP “Code”1. Aspirational principles

3/18 1. The Ethics of Profession

Planners’ primary obligation is to serve the public interest; aware to interrelatedness of decisions, seek social justice, and independent judgment

Discussion :

1. What is “the public interest” and how to determine it ?

2. How to differentiate the scale of “public” from multi-fragmentation of

Urban stakeholders (social justice) ?

3. In order to uphold “integrity” in decisions (independent judgment),

how to recognize the boundaries of “neutral” of planning profession,

while planning is a product/toll of a sector in achieving its goals ?

4. Are “aspirational principles” binding all planners?…YES/NO – WHY?

The AICP “Code”2. Rules of conduct

4/18 1. The Ethics of Profession

Composed into 25 rulesEx:

1. We shall not deliberately or with reckless indifference fail to provide adequate, timely, clear and accurate information on planning issues.

8. We shall not, as public officials or employees, engage in private communications with planning process participants if the discussions relate to a matter over which we have authority to make a binding, final determination if such private communications are prohibited by law or by agency rules, procedures, or custom

9. We shall not engage in private discussions with decision makers in the planning process in any manner prohibited by law or by agency rules, procedures, or custom…………….etc

How do you determine what is “reckless”?How do you determine what a “custom” is?....”Subjective”

Discussion :

The AICP “Code”3. Procedures

5/18 1. The Ethics of Profession

8 Steps of Code Procedures : Informal / Formal advice (from Ethics Officer of AICP Ethics Committee), Published Formal Advisory Rulings, Filing a Charge of Misconduct, Investigation, Hearing, Settlement, and Annual report

1. How objective “Informal / Formal ethics advices” from Ethics Officer of AICP in handling misconduct that sometime require practical efforts instead of theory normative in planning ?

Discussion :

Associate Professor of Urban and Regional PlanningCoordinator of Doctoral Studies in Urban and Regional Planningat the University of Michigan [email protected]•www-personal.umich.edu/~sdcamp/

6/18 2. Ethics Between Priorities

Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities? Urban Planning and the Contradictions of Sustainable Development--Scott Campbell--

Co-editor of Readings in Urban Theory series, The Rise of the Gunbelt: The Military Remapping of Industrial America. His writing on sustainable development won a National Planning Award from the American Planning Association. Keynote speaker at "Future of Metropolis" in Vienna, Austria. Campbell has a Ph.D. and Master of city planning from the University of California, Berkeley and a B.A.S. from Stanford University.

https://www.google.com.tw/search?q=sustainable+development&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=DDlfUrWeLYWllAXFrYHoBQ&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1092&bih=499#facrc=_&imgdii=5tecLuqv4sZzkM%3A%3BxFbWNzn8qNuCRM%3B5tecLuqv4sZzkM%3A&imgrc=5tecLuqv4sZzkM%3A%3BDUdIV1KccS1noM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.lynascorp.com%252FSiteCollectionImages%252FSustainable_Development.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.lynascorp.com%252FPages%252Fzero-harm-and-sustainable-development.aspx%3B465%3B421

7/18 2. Ethics Between Priorities

How are we going to get into “sustainable”

What are the negative consequences?

8/18 2. Ethics Between Priorities

The cost of city development IS natural resources !

sustainable development : long-term goal of a balanced

9/18 2. Ethics Between Priorities

Campbell’s triangle of conflicting goals for planning

X2

X1 X3

No point can exist alone. The nature of the three axial conflicts is mutual

dependence based not only on opposition, but also on collaboration

Capital vs labor Man vs nature

10/18 2. Ethics Between Priorities

Just city

Growing Cities Green Cities

The cost of city development IS natural resource !

Planner

Does “sustainability” important?

11/18 2. Ethics Between Priorities

• What is sustainability--actions or goal ?

• Is sustainability important in planning ?

• What corner of development should “a planner” stand on ?

• How is planner’s ethics in responding sustainability idea ?

12/18 2. Ethics Between Priorities

Chance of new roles and ethics ?

• Planner becomes “negotiator” between conflict of interests

• Neutral “moderator”

• Act as “translator but not translation” (Understand Linguistic Differences)

• Combine negotiation skills of planner and substantive vision

• Skillful in any kind of communication and aspect

• Avoid binary vote, to arrange procedure of decision making

Author or co-author of : Ethical Land Use, Green Urbanism: Learning from European Cities (recently translated into Chinese), Habitat Conservation Planning, Native to Nowhere: Sustaining Home and Community in a Global Age, Planning for Coastal Resilience. Co-authored of : Resilient Cities and Green Urbanism Down Under: Learning From Sustainable Australian Communities. PhD in City and Regional Planning from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, MA in Political Science from UNC, a Masters of Urban Planning from the University of OregonBachelors of City Planning from UVA.

13/18 3. Ethics = Moral Obligation

Environmental Ethics and Planning Theory --Timothy Beatley--

The Teresa Heinz Professor of Sustainable Communities, in the Department of Urban and Environmental Planning, School of Architecture at the University of Virginia.Focuses on : Sustainable communities, and creative strategies by which cities and towns can fundamentally reduce their ecological footprints.

14/18 3. Ethics = Moral Obligation

1. Base upon what ethics criteria of principle should individual and society make decision about the use of environment ?

2. What are the acceptable level of environmental risk or degradation ?

3. Does society have an obligation to protect individual from risk ?

4. How should conflict between society justice and environment protection be resolved ?

5. Do we have moral obligation to non-human form of life ?

6. Do we have environmental obligation to future generation ?

15/18 3. Ethics = Moral Obligation

Human’s Ethics toward Environmental

Capitalism & profit motive

Market efficiencyFree market

Cost benefit

Risk assesment

Human right

Non-human life forms right

Conservation & preservation

Environmental obligation

Biocentric perspective

16/18 3. Ethics = Moral Obligation

Environmental Ethics What is the

?

Attitudes or values of an individual/society towards environment

17/18 3. Ethics = Moral Obligation

Environmental Ethics Planner Ethics

1. Which Codes can lead us to environment ethics?.....2. How Binding the code for planner’s decisions to protect environment?.....3. Influences from individual background…(culture, religion, education, ect)

18/18 3. Ethics = Moral Obligation

Environmental Ethics Planner Ethics

MORAL DILEMMAComplex assemblage principles, theories, concepts“pluralistic approch”

XIE XIE NIThank You

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