Junior TOEFL

7/24/2019 Junior TOEFL

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Preparation Book for the TOEFL

Junior Test

Reading Comprehension

Advanced


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Diagnostic Test

Questions l-6 are about the following announcement.-

1. What is the purpose of the announcement?

(A) To inform students about winter vacation programs(B) To warn students to sign up early for winter programs(C) To encourage students to volunteer for community service(D) To ask students to come to the gymnasium on Wednesday

2. According to the announcement, which program will be taught by a famous person?

(A) Martial arts(B) Conversational language

(C)

Hip hop dance(D) Community service

3. What can be inferred about the community service program?

(A) It costs a lot.(B) It will not be classes.(C) It is offered every winter.(D) It will not be popular with students.

4. Where are brochures about the classes available?

(A) In the gymnasium(B) In the TV studio(C) In the main office(D)

In the community center

5. In line 10, the word contain is closest in meaning to?

(A) include(B) write(C) make(D) permit

6. Why should students sign up early?

(A) Classes will fill up fast.(B) Class times may change.(C) The main office often closes early.

(D)

They will get a discount price.

Winter Vacation ActivitiesWinter vacation is coming soon! And it's a great time to join one of the many community activitiesavailable to Fullerton Junior High students. Here are the programs being offered this year: Martial arts - get fit taking Taekwondo classes with local instructor Devin Lee. Conversational language - join the conversation in beginning Spanish, Chinese, or French

classes. Hip hop dance - take classes with Clive Campbell, star of the popular reality TV program

Show Us Your Moves. Community service - volunteer to read to the elderly in the city's winter reading program.For more information, students should meet in the gymnasium this Wednesday at lunchtime.Brochures for all programs will be available there. They contain details regarding the locations,prices, and times of the programs. To join one of the programs, students must register at the main

office of Fullerton Junior High. Keep in mind they will fill up fast. So, be sure to sign up early!

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Questions 7-12 are about the following story.

7. What would be the best title for this story?

(A) Rosi Learns to Dance(B) Rosi Gets Some Help(C) Learning Camera angles(D) Loving Johnny Corazon

8. When the author writes in line 7 that her mom's eyes grew wide as boiled eggs, the

Mom,you won't believe it!Rosi shouted as she burst in the door.What'sall the fuss?Rosi's mom asked.

Remember the contest I entered? I sent a letter to MVS about why I should be able to meetJohnny Corazon!

MVS?That music video station?YesMVS.Her mom's eyes grew wide as boiled eggs .Soyou won?Notyet,said Rosi, butI'm a finalist! Now I have to make a video. If they pick mine, Illget

to meet himinperson!That'swonderful! But you'd better get started, honey. Call me if you need help.Rosi set up a video camera in her room. She turned on the camera and sang a song, and danced.

She tried over and over again until she got it right. Then she watched the best version severaltimes. But something didn't seem right. Rosi showed the video to her sister Anita.

Whatdo you think?Rosi asked.

Well,your routine is good,Anita answered, butit seems sort of boring. Maybe it's becausethe camera stays in the same place all the time.

Rosi sighed.I have an idea,Anita said.Rosi did her routine again. But this time, Anita held the camera and moved around. The new

video was much better.Rosi went next door to her friend Albert's house. She showed him the video.Well?she asked.Itpretty cool, I guess,Albert began, butButwhat? Tell me!Iguess it seems weird that it's all in your room.Oh,no !Rosi moaned.Ican help,Albert said.The three of them made a stage set in Albert's backyard. They used some old curtains and

painted cardboard. Finally, they shot the video again.\That'sit,said Rosi when they were done. That'sas good as it's going to get.Everyone wished her luck, and she sent the final version of her video.Three days later, Rosi got a call. It was Johnny Corazon.Congratulations! he said. Your video was great! No one else put as much thought into

camera angles and sets !Rosi was quiet for a moment.Mr.Corazon, that's very kind,she began sadly.ButI can't accept.She explained that she had

got a lot of help. '

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author means that Rosis mom______________.

(A) was very surprised(B) did not understand her(C) was very scared(D) did not care

9.

How did Rosi become a finalist in the contest?(A) Her video was picked by MVS.(B) She wrote a letter to a music video station.(C) Her letter was picked by Johnny Corazon.(D) She appeared on a music video program.

10. Why does Anita think Rosi's video is boring when she first sees it?

(A) Her routine is not very good.(B) The camera never moves.(C) She thinks Rosi's song isn't right.(D) The different versions all seem the same.

11. What can be inferred about the final version of Rosi's video?(A) It took a long time to make.(B) Rosi was not satisfied with it.(C) Albert held the camera.(D) Everyone thought it should win.

12. All of the following people worked on Rosi's video EXCEPT____________.

(A) Albert(B) Rosi(C) Anita(D) Rosi's mom


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Questions 13-22 are about the following passage

10. What is the passage mainly about?

(A)

Scott Joplin's fast piano playing(B) Scott Joplin's brief period of success(C) The types of music Scott Joplin liked(D) The importance of Scott Joplin's music

11. Which of the following is true of ragtime?

(A) It was a popular type of music.(B) It began around the year 2000.(C) It disappeared around the year 1900.(D) It was most popular during Joplin's lifetime.

12. In line 3, the word brief is closest in meaning to______________.

(A)

lengthy(B) happy(C) short(D) safe

13. Which of the following is true regardingMaple Leaf Rag?

(A) It was a mix of musical styles.(B) It was not popular in Joplin's lifetime.(C) It was not a serious musical movement.(D) It helped make ragtime become cheaper.

17. In line 9, the word It refers to ______________.

(A)

ragtime(B) the general public(C) African American rhythm

Ragtime is a fast and complicated kind of music that was popular around the beginning of thetwentieth century. Scott Joplin is now considered to be the most important American ragtimecomposer and piano player. During his lifetime, Joplin only enjoyed a brief period of professional

success in the early 1900s. However, his work had an important, lasting effect on audiences, as wellas other composers.When ragtime first appeared in the late nineteenth century, it was considered a low form of

cheap entertainment, not a serious musical movement. Then in 1899, Joplin wrote a ragtime songcalledMaple Leaf Rag. The song showed Joplin's creative blend of African American rhythm andmore established European American musical styles. It was a huge success and helped to makeragtime popular with the general public. Maple Leaf Ragwas the first instrumental composition tosell over one million copies of sheet music. It was also the first music by an African American tofind a large audience among European Americans.

Although the general ragtime style already existed before Joplin began composing, his workattracted a lot of attention from other ragtime composers of his time. Songs like Maple Leaf Raginfluenced these composers mostly because they were very popular with the public. And many ofthem started to add similar fast and complicated rhythm to their music. Later, composers came toappreciate the high quality of Joplin's music, which has continued to capture the imagination ofmany composers and musicians up to the present day. For example, many later jazz musicians wereinfluenced by Joplin's complex African-style rhythm. Jazz, in turn, went on to influence many morepopular music styles. These include the blues, rock and roll, soul, and even hip hop. As a result,many music historians now list Joplin's work as an early basis of all modem popular music.

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(D) the song Maple Leaf Rag

18. What does the author imply about European Americans in Joplin's time?

(A) Most of them were successful.(B) Most of them were musicians.(C) Most of them were tired of European American music.

(D)

Most of them didn't listen to music by African Americans.

19. In line 14, the word attracted is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) drew(B) grew(C) made(D) felt

20. Why did Ragtime songs like Maple Leaf Rag influence other composers around Joplins

time?

(A) Scott Joplin was a European American.(B) Scott Joplin was an African American.

(C)

They already existed.(D) They were greatly enjoyed by people.

21. In line 17 the words capture the imagination of are closest in meaning to __________.

(A) anger(B) punish(C) interest(D) satisfy

22. All of the following kinds of music were influenced by jazz EXCEPT___________.

(A) ragtime(B) blues music

(C)

hip hop(D)

soul music


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Practice Set 1

Questions l-9 are about the following passage.


(A) Biorobots based on animals(B) Biorobots that work like humans(C) Military uses of biorobots(D) Flying abilities of biorobots

2. In line 3, the word mimic is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) understand(B) guard(C) teach(D) copy

3. In line 3, the word some refers to____________.

(A) companies(B) toys(C) robots(D) humans

4. According to the passage, Carlton can do all of the following things

EXCEPT___________.

(A) change directions quickly(B) climb in tight spaces(C) hide behind walls

(D)

send video images

Biorobotics is a field within robotic science that is based on the movements of living things. Themost famous biorobots look and move a lot like humans. However, there are several robots that havebeen made to mimic animals. While many companies develop such robots as toys, some are used forpractical purposes.

0ne example of a biorobot is a flying robot that is based on the movements of bees. The robot,named Carlton,was developed by the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence. Built tobe both light and powerful, it can hover like a bee in tight spaces and also change direction withoutlosing speed. This robot's abilities make it very useful for military and police search and rescuemissions. For example, Carlton can hide behind a tall wall, rise up to quickly look at what is on theother side, and then hide again. It can also send video images of what it sees to soldiers in a safelocation far away.

Modsnakeis a robot that was modeled on snakes. This robot was developed by the CarnegieMellon University Biorobotics Lab. It is made to move like a snake, so it can pass through narrowspaces, move over all sorts of obstacles, climb poles, and even swim. The way Modsnake movesmakes it useful for a variety of tasks such as checking for survivors in collapsed buildings, findingdamaged areas inside of pipes and cleaning up oil spills in lakes and rivers.

A third robot, based on cockroaches, also has several uses Sprawlwas designed by a researchteam at Stanford University to take videos and recover small objects. Like many six-legged robots,Sprawl was made to move like an insect. However, Sprawl is uncommonly fast and strong for itssize, just like a real cockroach. These characteristics make it particularly useful for militarysituations in which an enemy might try to disable it. It is very difficult to shoot because it movesquickly and is relatively small. Even if an enemy shoots Sprawl, it can usually keep functioning.

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5. What does the author imply about Modsnake?

(A) It has no legs.(B) It moves quickly.(C) It can be dangerous.(D) It has no military uses.

6.

In line 15, the word collapsed is closest in meaning to__________.(A) old(B) cheap(C) wooden(D) fallen

7. Which of the following is true about Sprawl?

(A) It was originally built to destroy small objects.(B) It was developed by a German research team.(C) It is smaller than a cockroach.(D) It is small but very solid.

8.

Why is Sprawl useful in military situations?(A) It cannot be shot.(B) It can shoot at the enemy.(C) It is small enough to be shot from a gun.(D) It will usually keep working even when shot.

9. In line 21, the word disable is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) break(B) follow(C) see(D) buy


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Practice Set 2

Questions l-4 are about the following flier.

Underthe SeaDance

The Jonestown Middle School student council invites all students to a dance party fundraiser.Dontmiss this great chance to mix with friends from school and maybe even make some new

ones.The dance party will help to raise money for the new library, so be sure to come out and showyour support. The theme for this party is Underthe Sea,so wear a costume related to the sea orsea life. A prize will be given for the best costume in each grade. Also, at the end of the night,there will be a dance contest, with a prize going to the best dancer in each grade.

DJ Bonanza will be providing the tunes, and food and drinks will be available throughout thenightAdvance tickets are $5, but hurry because they are only available until Friday. Tickets will be$8 at the door.

Students will need a signed parent permission form to be able to attend the dance. See yourteacher for the form.

1. In line 2, the word mix is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) discuss(B) arrive(C) join(D) dance

2.

According to the flier, how many prizes will be given away at the dance party?(A) 3(B) 5(C) 6(D) 9

3. Which of the following is true about the dance contest?

(A) Everyone who enters will get a prize.(B) It will be happening around 9 p.m.(C) It will start right at 6 p.m. sharp.(D) Only 9th grade students can enter.

4. How much does it cost to buy a ticket from a member of the student council?

(A)$5(B)$6

Who: All grade 7, 8, & 9 studentsWhere: Jonestown Middle School GymnasiumWhen: Saturday, October 12th

**Advance tickets are available only from a member of the student council

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(C)$8(D)S9

Questions 5-12 are about the following passage.

5.What is the passage mostly about?

(A) The history of NASA research

(B) Products based on NASA research(C) Companies who worked with NASA(D) Inventions of the twentieth century

6.ACCording to the passage, what do many people not know about the 1958 Space Act?

(A) It was only legal for fifty years.(B) It was the basis for NASA's creation.(C) It said NASA's main goal was space exploration.(D) It said NASA's research should be useful to everyone.

7.In line 4, the word fulfilled is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) obeyed

(B) ignored(C) closed(D) showed

8.In line 9, the word it refers to___________.

(A) glass(B) NASA(C) plastic(D) FDA

9.Why did the FDA rule that lenses should not be made of glass?

(A) They were unsafe.

(B)They were expensive.(C) They scratched easily.(D) They had no plastic coating.

Since its creation in 1958, NASA has successfully launched over one hundred manned flights

into space. In fact, most people today associate NASA with space exploration. However, what manypeople do not know is the 1958 Space Act, which was the basis for NASA's creation, required thatthe Administration's research benefit humankind. In its fifty-year history, NASA has fulfilled thatrequirement by providing research for products that have helped people all around the world. Most ofthese products are readily recognizable, and some play important roles in the daily lives of many.

People who wear glasses have NASA to thank for scratch-resistant lenses. In 1972, the Foodand Drug Administration (FDA) ruled that, for safety reasons, all glasses lenses should be made ofplastic, not glass. Lens makers soon discovered that plastic was cheaper than glass; however, itscratched easily. One American sunglasses company, Foster-Grant, turned to NASA for help. NASAused a special plastic coating on astronaut helmets to keep them from being scratched by dirtparticles in space. Using this same coating technology, Foster-Grant created scratch-resistant plasticlenses.

Ear thermometers, now widely used by health care workers, were also a product of NASAtechnology. In the early 1990s, a company called Diatek recognized the need for a quick and easyway for nurses to take patients' temperatures. Like Foster-Grant, Diatek found the solution in NASAtechnology. NASA had earlier invented a way to determine the temperature of distant stars by

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10. Why does the author discuss the company Diatek?

(A) To contrast it with the company Foster Grant(B) To imply that it was also an American company(C) To explain how ear thermometers were invented(D) To give an example of a company that made use of NASA research

11. In line 16, the word determine is closest in meaning to___________.(A) control(B) want(C) change(D) learn

12. What was Diatek able to find out by measuring the heat an eardrum gives off?

(A) A patient's body temperature(B) The temperature of a distant star(C) How much energy a person has(D) The amount of heat a body loses


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Practice Set 3

Questions l-6 are about the following announcement.

Last Friday, a group of Middleton Junior High students competed in the State Junior TrackandField Championships in Wentworth City. This year, 23 students took part in 9 different events.Of course, all students who competed should be proud of making it to the championships.Nonetheless,special praise should be given to the following students, who all received medals intheir events:

Student Grade Medal Event

Marlene Jonson 8thgrade Gold 200m sprint

Davey Kieslowski 7thgrade Silver 200m hurdles

Luis perez 9thgrade Silver Long jump

Vijay mani 9thgrade Bronze 5km walk

Tamara wainwright 9thgrade Bronze Javelin

A very special thanks should go to our dedicated coach, Coach Evans, who spent countlesshours training with the athletes in the months before the championships. Thanks should also go tothe parent volunteers who traveled with the students on the bus to Wentworth. During the schoolterm,they also provided uniforms, taxi rides, and fan support when it was most needed. Withoutthem, this great success would not have been possible.

1. In line 4, the word Praise is closest in meaning to ___________.

(A) congratulations(B) expectations(C) opportunity(D) trophy

2. Which 9th grade student did NOT receive a bronze medal?

(A) Vijay Mani(B) Davey Kieslowski(C) Luis Perez(D) Tamara Wainwright

3. How many students on the team did NOT receive a medal?

(A) 23(B) 18(C) 9(D) 5

4. What does the author point out by writing that Coach Evans spent countless hours

training with the athletes in line 6?(A) He was very friendly to them.

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(B) He gave a lot of his time to them.(C) He worked with them after school hours.(D) He helped them with their schoolwork.

5. In line 8, the word they refers to___________.

(A) the parent volunteers

(B) the championships(C) the students(D) the athletes

6. The parent volunteers did all of the following EXCEPT

(A) travel on the bus(B) train with the athletes(C) buy team uniforms(D) give fan support


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7. What is the passage mostly about?

(A) The different types of languages(B) The role of constructed languages(C) The history of human communication(D) The development of natural languages

8. In line 69 the phrase branching off is closest in meaning to___________.(A) turning(B) moving(C) splitting(D) going

9.According to the passage, what causes natural languages to develop?

(A) They are created by an author.(B) They have no rules or vocabulary.(C) People need to speak to each other.(D) People learn to speak, read, and write.

10. In line 12, the word modeling is closest in meaning to ___________.(A) testing(B) explaining

For millions of years, animals have communicated in numerous ways-from giving offchemical signals, to performing complicated dances, to chirping, grunting, and howling. Humans,on the other hand, have the ability to communicate using language. However, scientists do not

agree on when human language first appeared. The estimates range from a hundred thousand tomillions of years ago. But even if it is unclear exactly when it began, human language hasdeveloped significantly in the past century,branching off into three different categories: natural,artificial, and formal language.

Natural languages, also known as man-made languages, are languages that humans havedeveloped simply out of the need to communicate with each other. Natural languages are thelanguages people speak, read, write, and listen to every day, such as English, Hindi, and Russian.The vocabulary and rules of these languages have developed naturally, without the influence ofan author or creator modeling or altering the languages. In short, natural languages justhappen.

Artificial languages are also man-made, but they are constructed, or made, by humans whoalready use a natural language to communicate. The vocabulary and grammar of artificiallanguages do not develop naturally but are constructed by an author or creator. There are a

number of reasons for constructing an artificial language. In some cases, it may be a scientificexperiment in language;in other cases, it may be the creation of an artist. An artificial languagemay also be constructed to make communication easier between people of different nationalities.Perhaps the best example of this is Esperanto, an artificial language created in 188 7 by L.L.Zamenhof that was basically meant to simplify communication between Europeans.

Finally, formal languages are languages that communicate something, but they are not spokenlanguages like natural and artificial languages. However, like artificial languages, they areconstructed. Formal languages are meant to be very precise in what they communicate. Anexample of a common formal language is computer code. Computer code has its own set of very

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(C) skipping(D) shaping

11. According to the passage, all of the following are reasons for constructing an artificial

language EXCEPT___________.

(A) to create something artistic

(B) to carry out a scientific study of language(C) to communicate something without spoken language(D) to make it easier for different people to talk to each other

12. Why does the author mention Esperanto?

(A) To explain how communication can be simplified(B) To give an example of an artificial language(C) To point out that the language has a creator(D) To suggest that it is still used by many Europeans

13. How are formal languages different from natural and artificial languages?

(A) People do not speak them.(B) People cannot understand them.(C) They are constructed by a creator.(D) They do not communicate anything.

14. In line 23, the word precise is closest in meaning to

(A) strong(B) short(C) clear(D) fast


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Practice Set 4



(A) Which countries participate in model UN conferences(B) What students learn at model UN conferences(C) How to solve invented problems at the UN(D) Why viewpoints are changing at the UN

2.In line 3, the word They refers to___________.

(A) meetings(B) groups(C) representatives(D) events

3.Why do students at model UN meetings participate in presentations, debates, and written

assignments?

(A) To solve one major world issue(B) To learn good communication skills(C) To help them decide between careers

(D) To get student representatives to support them

International model United Nations meetings are events at which high school andcollege students from all over the world play the role of UN representatives. Thesemeetings are largely based on the real United Nations. They are even divided intomany of the same groups, such as the UN Security Council and the World HealthOrganization. The events allow students to develop and strengthen skills that areimportant for international careers, such as politics or international law.

One of the main goals of the meetings is to develop effective communicationskills. Because of this, students participate in many presentations, debates, and writtenresearch assignments. For example, at the end of every meeting, each student groupwrites a suggestion for solving one major world problem that they have learned aboutthrough their research assignments. These groups then discuss their suggestion with

the rest of the student representatives in order to get them to support it. They may alsodiscuss and solve invented problems, such as imaginary wars or natural disasters.Such activities challenge students' abilities to convey their thoughts in a clear,thoughtful way.

In addition to working on basic communication, students at the meetings try toexpress themselves in polite ways that help to solve problems. This is perhaps themost difficult task for real UN delegates, so model UN organizers put a lot ofemphasis on it. The organizers strongly encourage students to try to understand theideas of others, consider their feelings, and agree on solutions.

The meetings are also designed to help students become more open-minded.Students often play the role of representatives for countries other than their own. Thisencourages them to learn more about other cultures and to think about importantproblems in different ways. While pretending to be from a different country, studentsare exposed to a lot of ideas and information that they would not normally consider.Usually, they come away with a much better understanding of people in differentcultures. This experience often gives them an advantage over schoolmates who onlylearn about world events and international relations in traditional classrooms.

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4. Why does the author mention imaginary wars and natural disasters?

(A) To contrast them with real world problems(B) To give two examples of invented problems(C) To point out that students cannot control them(D) To explain how problems are solved at the mock UN

5. In line 15 the word convey is closest in meaning to___________.(A) show(B) answer(C) explain(D) hide

6.Why do students play the role of representatives for countries other than their own?

(A) To express themselves in polite ways(B) To decide which culture is the best(C) To consider the feelings of others(D) To think about issues in new ways

7.In line 26, the word exposed is closest in meaning to___________.(A) limited(B) produced(C) open(D) slow

8.What does the author imply about students who only learn in traditional classrooms?

(A) They are given a lot of information.(B) They don't learn about international events.(C) It can be hard for them to understand other cultures.(D) It is very easy for them to understand their schoolmates.

9. Which of the following is NOT a major goal of students at the conferences?(A) Solving problems(B) Strengthening communication(C) Considering different views(D) Becoming UN representatives


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Practice Set 5


1. Why did the student write this article?

(A) To explain how factories endanger the lives of others(B) To ask students to sign a complaint about the factory(C) To warn students not to play in the stream near the school(D) To argue that the factory should be closed down permanently

2. In line 3, the word featured is closest in meaning to ___________.

(A) blamed(B) contacted

(C) given(D) shown

3. In line 7, the word these refers to___________.

(A) tires(B) citizens(C) chemicals(D) workers

4. In line 7,the phrase caught red-handed is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) clearly seen(B) badly hurt(C) mostly hidden(D) quickly chased

5. According to the author of the article, why should all students be angry?

(A) Factories are harming citizens.(B) The government is closing a local factory.(C) A local news station reported on a local factory.(D) Pollution from a local factory runs by the school.

6. What is the environmental club planning to do about the pollution?

(A) Write a letter to the community newspaper(B) Complain to the government and factory owners(C) Show the government and factory owners the stream

(D) Ask the factory owners to visit the soccer field during lunchtime

As the student leader of the environmental club, I want to talk about a very importantissue that affects all of us at Wilmont Junior High.

Recently, a local factory was featured on a local news report. This factory makes tires.The production of tires results in a lot of very harmful chemicals. In order to protectcitizens, government laws make sure that factories throw these away safely. However,according to the local news report,the tire factory has been emptying its waste into anearby stream. In fact, factory workers were caught red handed dumping the chemicalsinto the stream by a TV crew who were secretly filming them.

This makes all of us at the club very angry, and it should make you angry too, becausethe stream I am talking about runs right past our school. We can see it when we play onthe soccer field at lunchtime. If you are worried about this pollution then come see us atthe environmental club We have written a complaint that all students should sign. We plan

to take it to the overnment and the factor owners in order to show them how unha

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Questions 7-11 are about the following passage

7.What is the best title for this passage?

(A) Pigs on Fire(B) Roman Wars(C) How Ancient Romans Fought Against Elephants(D) How Enemies of Rome Used Elephants in Battle

8. According to the passage, why did the enemies of Rome use elephants?

(A) They wanted to fool the Roman soldiers.(B) They wanted to scare the Roman soldiers.(C) They wanted to crush the Roman soldiers.

(D) They wanted to charge by the Roman lines.

9.Why did the Romans break the line when the elephants charged?

(A) They were undisciplined.(B) They tried to ride the elephants.(C) They tried to set the elephants on fire.(D) They wanted to let the elephants pass by.

10. In line 10, the phrase out of harmsway is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) hurt(B) safe(C) loose(D) glad

11. Why did the Romans set pigs on fire?

(A) To feed the hungry soldiers(B) To scare the enemy soldiers(C) To charge the enemy soldiers(D) To scare away the elephants

The army of the Roman Republic was highly organized, and its soldiers werevery disciplined. Enemies of Rome believed the key to defeating the Roman army wasto cause fear and confusion among its soldiers. To do this some of Rome's enemies

used elephants on the battlefield. As a result, the Romans were forced to come up witheffective ways of fighting against the giant animals.

0ne method was very simple. When elephants charged, the Roman soldiers wouldsimply move out of the way and let the charging beasts pass by. In battle, Romansoldiers usually walked shoulder-to-shoulder in a single line. But they found that ifthey broke the line, the elephants would charge by, and the soldiers would be out ofharmsway.

Another method was more dramatic. The Romans discovered that elephants wereafraid of pigs and the squealing sounds pigs made. So, sometimes they would pour oilon pigs and set them on fire. The elephants, terrified by the burning pigs and thesquealing noises, would turn and run. Some elephants actually trampled the soldiers on

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Practice Set 6

Questions l-6 are about the following letter.

1. Why did the student write this letter?

(A) To argue that every student should study abroad(B) To tell about his experience as an exchange student(C) To suggest that he would like to live in England permanently(D) To warn other exchange students against staying abroad too long

2.Which of the following did the student NOT do with the Atkinson family?

(A) Eat tasty English food(B) Tour the Tower of London

(C) Read about England in textbooks(D)Watch a play in the Globe Theatre

3. The student uses looas an example of___________.

(A) a word that is only used in England(B) how much his English has improved(C) one of the many funny words he learned(D) something he learned from the Atkinsons

4. In line 9, the word dramatically is closest in meaning to ___________.

(A) occasionally(B) greatly

(C) painfully(D) loudly

5. What can be inferred from the letter about the regular classes at the English middle

school?

(A) They were hard at first because he did not understand what others were saying.(B) They were especially difficult at first because he did not know any other students.(C) They were the only classes available to international exchange students.(D) They were classes meant especially for international exchange students.

6.Why did the boy almost riot want to come home?

(A) His English improved.(B) His host family fed him very well.(C) He made many friends at school.(D) He attended regular school classes.

Last week, I returned from England after three months of living abroad as aninternational exchange student. Now, I am eager to share some of my fantastic experiences.

During my stay, I learned many things about the United Kingdom. I lived with a Britishhost family named the Atkinsons. We visited the Tower of London and watched a play inShakespeare's Globe Theatre. They always gave me delicious meals. And they taught memany interesting things that I could never learn from textbooks. Did you know that in

England people call a toilet a looFunny, isn't it?

Because I had to speak English all the time, my English skills improved dramaticallyregular school classes in an English middle school. This was especially difficult for me inthe beginning. But surprisingly, before long, I began to understand what the students andteachers were saying. The other boys were very kind to me, and I made lots of friends. So,by the end of the third month, I almost didn't want to come home.

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7.What is the passage mainly about?

(A) When spiders use different web designs(B) Why water spiders need to breathe oxygen(C)What scientists find interesting about spiders(D) How a spider uses its web to breathe underwater

8.In line 7, the word stores is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) finds(B) keeps

(C) loses(D) finishes

9. In line 7, the word it refers to___________.

(A) the web(B) the spider(C) air(D) life

10. What does the design of its web allow the water spider to do?

(A) Breathe air from the water's surface(B) Come and go through the bottom

(C) Blow it up like a balloon(D) Trap aquatic insects inside it

It is common knowledge that spiders use their webs to trap insects. And many peoplebelieve spider webs are all basically the same. However, scientists know this is not entirelytrue. Some spiders have developed other uses for their webs. One such spider is the Europeanwater spider, which uses its web to breathe underwater.

The European water spider spends most of its life underwater. It mates, raises its young,and feeds on aquatic insects below the water's surface. However, since it needs to breathe,the spider carefully stores a supply of air inside its web. This is what allows it to stayunderwater for long periods of time.

The web is shaped like a balloon with a hole in the bottom. This design traps a largebubble of air inside the web While still allowing the spider to enter and exit through thebottom to catch nearby insects. In fact, the water spider's web works much the same as adiving bell, an early typeof submarine. Diving bells were basically large metal bells suppliedwith air from a hose running to the water's surface. The air kept the water from filling up the

bell, and divers could enter and exit through the open bottom. Because of this similarity,water spiders are sometimes known as diving bell spiders.

The water spider's web also makes breathing underwater possible by acting as a kind offilter.Like humans, spiders breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Also likehumans, carbon dioxide is harmful to spiders. Thus, the water spider cannot breathe the sameair continuously. Its web is specially designed to let carbon dioxide escape, while allowingoxygen in from the surrounding water. This extends the supply of oxygen within the web.

Although the web allows water spiders to stay underwater for long periods of time, sometrips to the surface are necessary. When the web needs more fresh air, the spider tips the weband lets the 0ld air escape. Then, it swims to the surface to collect a fresh air bubble. Thespider traps the bubble of air beneath its stomach and holds it with its legs and special layerof hairs. Then it dives back down to the web and refills it.

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11. In line 12, the word supplied is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) made(B) spent(C) mixed(D) filled12. Why does the author mention diving bells?

(A) To illustrate how the spider's web works(B) To explain how ear y submarines worked(C) To note that water spiders have a new name(D) To point out that metal bells are no longer used

13. According to the passage, why can't water spiders breathe the same air continuously?

(A) The oxygen stays in the web.(B) The carbon dioxide will hurt them.(C) The web does not let oxygen out.(D) The air becomes too heavy.

14. In line 20, the word extends is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) increases(B) delays(C) removes(D) uses

15. When its web needs fresh air, the water spider does all of the following EXCEPT

___________.

(A) dives down to the web and puts new air in it(B) breathes in oxygen and breathes out carbon dioxide(C) holds the air bubble with its legs and stomach hairs(D) gathers a bubble of air at the water's surface


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Practice Set 7

Questions l-9 are about the following passage.

Shortly after World War II, a Dutch art dealer was arrested for secretly selling paintings byVermeer (1632-1675) to Nazis who invaded Holland during the war. Because Vermeer isconsidered to be one of Holland's best painters, the dealer was accused of selling nationaltreasures to the enemy. To avoid the punishment for this serious crime, he revealed that thepaintings were forgeries, or fakes-he had painted them himself and fooled the art world and theNazis. Today, experts agree that the forgeries do not look like Vermeer's other works. Why, then,did the art world accept the fakes as real?

One reason why they were accepted was that the forgeries actually looked different thanVermeer's other works. The dealer had claimed that the forgeries were from an obscure periodearly in Vermeer's art career. Because painters' styles often change throughout their careers, arthistorians at the time did not expect the newdiscoveriesto look exactly like the known works ofVermeer. In fact, because they did not look similar to the known works, experts did not bother tolook at them carefully. This is because experts expect a forger to copy famous paintings as closely

as possible. Once the art dealer's first forgeries were accepted as real, he was free to make more.The others closely matched the first paintings in style, so they were also accepted as real Vermeerpaintings from the same early period.

Another reason experts were fooled is what some historians call The Emperorsnew clotheseffect. In Hans Christian Andersen story, The Emperor's New Clothes, two criminals convince anemperor that he is wearing beautiful clothes, when he is actually naked. No one in the empirewants to admit that they cannot see the clothes because they believe the clothes are magic and thatonly good people can see them. Similarly, the art world was influenced by a famous arthistorian,Wilhelm von Bode, who said the forgeries were some of Vermeer's best work. Becausevon Bode was highly respected, other experts began praising the newdiscoveries.At the time,this made it difficult to criticize the paintings or suggest that they were fakes.

1. What is the best title for this passage?

(A) The Nazi Invasion of Holland in WWII(B) The Paintings of Vermeer's Early Period(C) How Some Forgeries Fooled the Art World(D) How Von Bode Influenced the Art World

2. According to the passage, why did the art dealer admit that he forged paintings?

(A) He felt bad about what he had done.(B) He wanted to make the Nazis look bad.(C) He wanted to avoid harsh punishment.

(D) He wanted to show that he was a good painter.

3. In line 9, the word obscure is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) poor(B) difficult(C) creative(D) unknown

4. Why didn't experts expect the forgeries to look like Vermeer's known works?

(A) Painters' styles vary during their careers.(B) Painters often create forgeries to fool experts.(C) The paintings looked similar to Vermeersearly works.(D) The experts did not carefully inspect the forged paintings.

5. In line 13, the word them refers to___________.

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(A) historians(B) experts(C) the known works(D) the new discoveries

6. In line 15, the word matched is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) fit(B) met(C) combined(D) repeated

7. Why does the author mention the story TheEmperor's New Clothes?

(A) To give an example of a forgery within the literary world(B) To suggest that Vermeer was the Emperor of the art world(C) To contrast the works of Vermeer with those of Hans Christian Andersen(D) To illustrate how experts were fooled into believing the forgeries were real

8.In line 18, the word convince is closest in meaning to ___________.

(A) show(B) persuade(C) believe(D) teach

9.According to the passage, why was it difficult to criticize the Vermeer forgeries after

WWII?

(A) Art experts praised them.(B) They were lost during the war.(C) Wilhelm von Bode painted them.(D) People believed they were magic.


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Practice Set 8

Questions l-6 are about the following article from a student newspaper.

Hot days at school can be tough. Here are some suggestions to help you keep cool. Somestudents like to play soccer during lunch break. But on hot days, you should try to avoid sports.There's nothing worse than going back to class all soaked in sweat. So, instead of running aroundthe school grounds, try hanging out with your friends under the trees.

0n really hot days, try relaxing in the library during lunch break, reading a book or lookingthrough a magazine. You'II soon discover that the library has really great air conditioning.

During regular classes, the air conditioners help to keep students cool. But they dontalwayswork well. So, if it's a really hot day, try finding a seat away from the windows. It really helps toget out of the sun. Or even better-find a seat right next to the air-conditioner, so you get more coolair.

1. Why did the student write the letter?

(A) To tell students how to stay cool on hot days

(B) To warn students not to stay outside too long(C) To inform students that the library is the coolest place(D) To complain that the school's air conditioning works poorly

2.In line 2, the word avoid is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) play(B) skip(C) attend(D) stop

3.Why does the student recommend spending lunch break in the library?

(A) It has a lot of books and magazines.

(B) It is easy to relax in the comfortable seats.(C) The air conditioners work very well there.(D) The students can discover many new things there.

4.In line 7, the word they refers to___________.

(A) classes(B) students(C) air conditioners(D) windows

5.What does the student imply about window seats?

(A) They do not get any cool air.

(B) They are right next to the air conditioner.(C) They are usually the best seats in the classroom.(D) They are hot because they get a lot of sun i ;ht.

6.The article suggests students do all of the following on a hot day EXCEPT___________.

(A) take a seat in class by the air conditioner(B) avoid sports like soccer during lunch break(C) find a seat by the window to get some air(D) take a rest in the library, reading a book or magazine

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One last thing, kids, said Mrs. Hamid just as the bell rang who wants to be our classpresident?

Ido !Brendayelled.Ido,too!Hao added.No one else spoke.Youtwo can give speeches tomorrow,Mrs. Hamid concluded.On the bus, Brenda sat next to her best friend, Juana. Everyone was talking about the

election.Naturally, all the girls wanted to vote for Brenda. Brenda was very popular. But Hao wasthe new boy. No one really knew him. Only a few of the boys wanted to vote for him, and that wasjust because he was a boy. The rest of the boys didn't care about the election at all.

Thereare twelve girls, but only elevenboys,Brenda whispered to Juana.I'vewon already!The next day, Brenda spoke first.

Myspeech is simple,she began. First,you all know me. And second, I'm a girl. That's allthere is to say.

Some of the girls laughed, and nearly all of them clapped eagerly.But Juana wasdisappointed.She'd expected something better from her friend.

Then Hao stood up in front of the class.OK,I'm new,he said. Butdo you really care if I'm a boy or a girl? Do you want to vote for

someone just because she's popular? Even though I'm new, I want our class to be the best. How? Ihave some ideas about that.

Hao explained many new ideas for improving the class. Juana thought they were all reallygood ideas. The boys concurred. At the end of Hao's speech, the boys stood up and cheered.

When it came time to vote, Juana couldn't decide what to do. Brenda was her best friend. ButJuana really thought Hao deserved to be president. If she voted for him, he might win.

Your votes,please,Mrs. Hamid requested.She read each piece of paper and made marks on the board. At the end, there were eleven votes

for Brenda, and twelve votes for Hao.That's impossible!Brenda shouted.

Mrs. Hamid counted again.Congratulations,Hao,she said.

7.What would be the best title for this story?

(A) How Juana and Brenda Became Friends(B) How Hao Almost Won the Election(C) Brenda's Request(D) Juana's Decision

8. In line 15, the word early is closest in meaning to ___________.

(A) angrily(B) foolishly

(C) excitedly(D) doubtfully

9. Which of the following did Brenda mention in her speech?

(A) She was new.(B) She was a girl.(C) She had good ideas.(D) She was Juana's friend.

10. Why was Juana disappointed?

(A) She thought Brenda would give a better speech.(B) She did not think the other girls should clap loudly.(C) She thought Hao had good ideas for improving the class.(D) She did not think Brenda's speech should be before Hao's.

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11. Which of the following did Hao NOT mention in his speech?

(A) He was new.(B) He had some ideas.(C) He thought Brenda shouldn't be popular.(D) He wanted their class to be the best.

12. In line 22, the word concurred is closest in meaning to___________.(A) wondered(B) objected(C) agreed(D) blamed

13. What does the author imply about Hao's victory?

(A) He won because Brenda voted for him.(B) He won because Juana voted for him.(C) He won because Brenda forgot to vote.(D) He won because the girls did not vote.


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Practice Set 9

Questions 1-4are about the following passage

Medical science has come a long way from its beginnings. Yet many early medical methods andtreatments, such as the use of certain herbs, are still effective today. However, throughouthistory,there have also been some seriously misguided medical practices. One such practice wasmercury treatment.Most people now know that mercury, the liquid metal inside old thermometers, is highlypoisonous. But doctors in the nineteenth century did not know that mercury was dangerous. Infact, they gave mercury to patients as a cure for a number of infectious diseases. Notsurprisingly,patients often got much sicker after the treatment. Unfortunately, doctors usuallymistook the symptoms of mercury poisoning for advanced symptoms of the diseases they weretrying to cure.They simply believed the mercury wasn't working. So, they would give the patients even moremercury and sometimes end up killing them. Today, thankfully, doctors know about the dangers ofmercury.


(A) Medical Uses of Bloodletting(B) Medical Uses of Mercury(C) Medical Mistakes(D) Medical History

2.What does the author say about doctors in the nineteenth century?

(A) They were not aware that mercury was poisonous.(B) They couldn't cure serious infectious diseases.

(C) They discovered infectious diseases.(D) They mistook mercury for poison.

3. What often happened to patients who were given mercury to cure infectious diseases?

(A) They became even more ill.(B) They asked for more mercury.(C) They were cured for a short time.(D) They did not know they were sick.

4.Based on the passage, what is probably true about doctors who killed patients with

mercury poisoning?

(A) They gave them small doses of mercury.

(B) They did not know they had killed them.(C) They began to use mercury more carefully.(D) They believed the patients would die anyway.

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Late on a stormy night, Wendy woke to loud thunder. She looked outside her window. Therewas a flash of lightning, and for a split second, she saw a strange man standing in the drivewaynext door. Then he vanished.

The next morning, Wendy told her family what she saw. That'sjust Mr. Green,her mom said. He'sour new neighbor.Helooks really scary,Wendy said.He's probably a gangster,her brother Henry whispered.Ithink so, too,Wendy whispered back.That evening, Wendy saw Mr. Green carrying heavy boxes into his garage. She ran to get her

brother.Let'sspy on him,Henry suggested.They sneaked next door. Henry peeked in the garage window.He's gone,Henry whispered.The kids opened a side door and tip-toed inside. Henry turned on his flash light. They saw a

printing machine with boxes of money next to it.It'sfake money!Henry gasped.

Wendy opened another box. It was filled with guns.Let's run ! she exclaimed.The door opened suddenly. The kids hid quickly, just as the lights turned on. Wendy peeked out

from between two boxes and was surprised to see Mr. Green and her dad, together. Mr. Green tooka gun out of a box Wendy sprung to her feet .

Dad,look out!she screamed.Both men were startled, but then they laughed. Letme explain,said Mr. Green. He pulled

the trigger of the gun, and water squirted out.Oh, not real,said Wendy, smiling weak]y.

Whatabout this!Henry shouted. He held up a counterfeit bill.Lookon the back,Mr. Green said, smiling.On the back of the bill, it said,Green'sToy's.

Theseare advertisements,Mr. Green explained. Iput them on the ground around my shop.People find them, and some come in.


(A) The Stormy Night(B) The Gangster Next Door(C) Wendy and Henry' s Misunderstanding(D) Wendy and Henry Catch a Gangster

6.In line 3, the word vanished is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) escaped(B) sprinted(C) stared(D) disappeared

7.How did Henry know that Mr. Green was not in the garage?

(A) The house lights were off.(B) He looked in the window.(C) The side door was unlocked.(D) He saw boxes in the driveway.

8.In line 16, the word fake is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) false

(B) used(C) large

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(D) old

9. When the author writes in line 21 that Wendy sprung to her feet, the author means she

___________.

(A) jumped over the box(B) stood up quickly

(C) got to her feet slowly(D) stepped in front her dad

10. Why were the men surprised?

(A) Someone turned the lights on.(B) The door opened suddenly.(C) Wendy jumped up and yelled.(D) They saw several boxes full of guns.

11. How did Wendy know the gun was not real?

(A) Mr. Green told her.(B) Her dad laughed.

(C) It shot water.(D) The lights came on.

12. What can be inferred about Mr. Green?

(A) He is a printer.(B) He is a gangster.(C) He owns a gun store.(D) He owns a toy store


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Achievement Test

Reading Comprehension

Directions:

In this section of the test, you will read six texts and answer 42 questions. Choose the correctanswer to each question and mark the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

Before you start, read the sample text and the sample questions below.

Sample Text

Sample Question 1

What is this text mostly about?

(A) Gray clouds

(B) San Francisco(C) A famous bridge(D) Taking photographs

The correct answer is (C),Afamous bridge.

Sample Question 2

What color is the Golden Gate Bridge?

(A) Red(B) Green(C) Blue(D) Gray

The correct answer is (A),Red.

The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous bridge in San Francisco. The bridge has a redcolor, but gray clouds often surround it. On clear days people come to take picturesof the bridge. The pictures show the green hills next to the bridge and the bluewater under it.


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Questions l-5 are about the following flier.

Spring is here again! That means it's time for the Boulderville Middle School yearly bake sale andfun day. The money raised will be used for a new gymnasium. If all goes according to plan,construction will begin this fall. So, bring the whole family to the school this Saturday and join inthe fun. In the assembly hall, you can sample tasty baked goods made by Boulderville parents.And be sure to buy a selection of delicious cookies, cakes, bread and pies. Then, join in one of thefollowing events:

Event Time Location

Student art display All day Gymnasium

Student dance show Noon,2p.m4.m.m 7p.m

Assembly hall

Pie-eating contest 3.p.m School grounds

Horse rides All day School grounds

The fun begins at noon and continues until r7 p.m. Families are invited to pack a picnic lunch . Oryou can enjoy barbequed sausages and hotdogs. Teachers will be selling them in the cafeteriabetween noon and 3 p.m. They will also be serving refreshing ice drinks all day long.So, mark it on your calendars. And we'll see you there!

1.In line 2, the word raised is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) spent(B) collected(C) marked(D) pulled

2.Which event does not share a location with another event?

(A) The pie-eating contest(B) The horse rides(C) The student dance show(D) The student art display

3.According to the flier, when do the horse rides end?

(A) Noon(B)3 P.m

(C)5 p.m(D)7 p.m

4.All of the following will be on sale EXCEPT___________.

(A) cookies(B) bread(C) hot dogs(D) picnic lunches

5.In line 9 the word they refers to ___________.

(A) families(B) parents

(C) teachers(D) students

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Questions 6-12 are about the following letter in a school newspaper.

At this time of year, many students feel anxious while they wait to find out their exam scores ltoo am concerned about exam scored about exam scores this makes me think that all the stressthey cause is bad for our health in my opinion schools should focus less on other ways of learning

It is important to ask what are exams really for?The teachers tell us that exams are for testinghow much we have learned personally l think that exams mostly just test how well people takeexams! Lt seems to me that those who get high scores are good at taking exams ,but they are notalways the best students They may be good at studying details and memorizing facts but that doesnot mean they are smartest students in the class

I believe that students would learn more at school if they could focus on learning together withother students in class and with the teacher The time we spend preparing for and taking examscould be spent sharing ideas instead of memorizing facts also if teachers gave students more oftheir time and attention they would know more about our learning abilities and not need to give ustests all the time.

6.Why did the student write the letter?

(A) To suggest that exams should be the main focus of learning(B) To argue that schools should stress learning and not exams(C) To warn teachers against spending too little time with students(D) To disagree with the belief that taking exams has disadvantages

7.In line l, the word anxious is closest in meaning to ___________.

(A) nervous(B) proud(C) angry(D) hurt

8.What can be inferred from the letter about this student's exam scores?

(A) He did poorly on his exams.(B) He feels good about his scores.(C) He doesn't know his scores yet.(D) He doesn't care about his scores.

9.Why does the student think exams are bad for students' health?

(A) They cause a lot of stress.(B) They require students to study.(C) They force students to focus.(D) They call for new ways of learning.

10. In line 6, the word those refers to ___________.

(A)

schools(B) teachers(C) exams(D)people

11. Why does the student talk about studying details and memorizing facts?

(A) To explain how students can focus on learning together(B) To argue that exams test how much students have learned(C) To give an example of the kinds of useful skills that students should learn in class(D) To note that those who get high exam scores may not be the smartest students

12. According to the student, how can teachers know more about their students' abilities?

(A) Give them tests all the time(B) Spend more time with them(C) Encourage them to memorize details

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(D) Let them study for exams together


Canyou spare a little change?the old man asked Grace.I'mvery cold and I have nothing toeat.

The man's clothes were old, torn, and messy. He was not dressed warmly enough for the cold,January weather.

Grace felt bad for him, so she checked her pockets for change. But she didn't have any money.I'msorry, sir. I don't have anything,she explained.Iwish I could help you, really.The old man smiled. I believe you would help if you could, young lady, he

answered.Thanksanyway. I appreciate it.Just then a woman walked by. She was wearing a very expensive-looking fur coat. Two large

diamond earrings dangled from her ears. A pearl necklace hung around her neck.It suddenly broke, scattering pearls in every direction.

Ohno!the woman exclaimed. Mypearls! They're everywhere!She bent down and begangathering the pearls, one by one. Grace and the old man helped her.

well,thatseems to be all of them,the woman said.Thankyou both so much for your help.A long, black limousine pulled up to the curb. The woman got in and the limousine drove

away.Whydidn't you ask her to help you?Grace asked the old man.He scratched his head. Iguess I just forgot,he answered, laughing.Then Grace spotted something shiny in a crack in the sidewalk. It was a pearl.Youhave to give that back to her,the old man warned.Grace thought for a moment.Buthow can I? She's gone, and we don't even know her name. I

think you should take it.The old man stared at the pearl for a moment.No,that wouldn't be right,he said thoughtfully.They decided to take the pearl to the police station. Grace left her cell phone number.

The next day, Grace got a call from the police station. An officer asked her to come at once,although she had no idea why.

At the station, a police officer handed Grace an envelope. She opened it and was astonished tofind a lot of money. IF here was also a note that simply said, Thankyou.

Grace ran to where she had seen the old man the day before. She found him and handed himthe envelope. He looked inside and smiled.

See,I knew you would help me,he said cheerily.


(A) Grace's Pearl(B) The Necklace

(C) Grace's Gift(D) The Limousine

14. Why did Grace feel bad for the old man?

(A) He was all alone.(B) He was old and ugly.(C) He was cold and hungry.(D) He was standing on the street.

15. Why didn't Grace give the old man money when she first saw him?

(A) She gave him a pearl instead.(B) She had to keep her money.

(C) She didn't want to help him.(D) She didn't have any money.

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16. According to the passage. all of the following people looked for the scattered pearls

EXCEPT ___________.

(A) the police officer(B) the woman(C) Grace

(D) the old man

17. In line 18, the word spotted is closest in meaning to ___________.

(A) noticed(B) received(C) hid(D) felt

8. Why did Grace get a call from the police?

(A) They wanted to question her about the pearl.(B) They wanted her to come to the station.(C) She was going to be arrested.

(D) She left her phone at the station.

19. In line 27, the word astonished is closest is meaning to ___________.

(A) unsure(B) angry(C) surprised(D) interested

20. What can be inferred about the envelope full of money?

(A) It was money from the woman.(B) It was money the police had found.(C) It was money the old man had lost.

(D) It was money the girl had lost.


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Traffic congestion is a common problem in larger cities. In some cities, congestion gets so badduring rush hour that it is sometimes faster to walk than to drive. Traffic accidents are also a

problem. Unfortunately, these problems are not easy to solve. However, an experimental trafficsystem being tested in several cities in Northern Europe has led to some surprising results.The system is calledshared streets. It is an experimental system that has very few traffic

laws.As a result, shared street areas have no traffic lights, street signs, or even divisions betweenstreet and sidewalk.Although most people would expect this to cause the number of traffic jamsand accidents to pile up, thus far, there have been significant drops in both. One reason is that theshared streets system encourages people to be more careful. Without traffic rules, people tend toslowdown an d pay more attention to each other. Normal traffic systems, on the other hand, relyon signs and signals, which people often miss or disobey, leading to accidents. In addition, theshared streets system decreases traffic jams because without fixed lanes and parking spaces, it iseasier for cars to move around freely when there is a lot of traffic.


(A) Changing Traffic Systems Around the World(B) A Surprising Solution to Traffic Problems(C) Making Cities Safer Places(D) Why Traffic Laws are Dangerous

22. What does the author imply about rush hour in some cities?

(A) The fewer cars there are, the worse the traffic.(B) The more cars there are, the faster they go.(C) People always walk during rush hour.(D) Cars can only move very slowly.

23. What is one reason that the sharedstreetssystem has decreased accidents?(A) People have decided not to drive at all.(B) People are more cautious of each other.(C) The speed limit is lower.(D) The laws are stronger.

24. In line 8, when the author writes that people expect accidents and traffic jams to pile up

the author means that people expect them to ___________.

(A) continue(B) stop(C) return(D) increase

25. According to the article, why do normal traffic systems lead to traffic accidents?

(A) There are fewer traffic lights, street signs, and sidewalks.(B) People often do not follow traffic signs and signals.(C) They encourage people to drive cautiously.(D) Cars can move around more freely.

26. According to the article, why does the shared streets system decrease traffic jams?

(A) Cars can move more freely in traffic.(B) There is usually not a lot of traffic.(C) There are more parking spaces.(D) It is easier to change lanes.

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Although fires are still a danger in every major city today, they were a much more seriousproblem in earlier centuries. The historic Fire of London was a severe example of the damage fire

can cause. Ultimately, however, this disaster also positively affected the city.In 1666, the Great Fire of London burned out of control for three days, destroying most of thecentral district of the city. The disaster caused a huge amount of property damage-around seventythousand people lost their homes. At the time, there were only about eighty-thousand living in thecity. There are no accurate records of how many people died in the fire because the worst damagehappened in poor neighborhoods. Unfortunately, the government did not record the deaths of poorpeople in those early times.

When the fire happened, people in London were already struggling to survive a large plagueoutbreak that had begun in 1665. London's housing troubles were a major cause of the problem. Atthe time, much of central London consisted of closely packed and poorly made wooden buildingsthat made it hard for people to stay warm in winter weather. This created an unhealthyenvironment because germs travelled freely from home to home. In addition, the buildings wereon narrow, dirty streets where people threw their garbage. Rats were attracted by the garbage in

the streets, and they brought fleas-the carriers of the plague. Once people caught the plague fromflea bites, the disease spread rapidly throughout the city especially in the cramped central district.It was at this time,in these terrible conditions, that the Great Fire raged through London.

Despite the damage, the fire had a positive effect because it destroyed the old, poorly madewooden buildings. It also killed most of the rats and fleas, which slowed the spread of the plague.After the fire, the government rebuilt the damaged areas. Whenever possible, they used brick orstone. Thus, the new houses were much more solid and more difficult for rats to enter. Widenedstreets and improved garbage collection also made the area less attractive to rats. These measurescut down the rat population further, which had an obvious effect on the number of fleas remainingin the city. The wider, cleaner streets also helped to stop the disease from spreading from person toperson because there was simply more room to walk.

27. What is the passage mostly about?

(A) How the plague spread through London(B) Some benefits of the Great Fire of London(C) The rebuilding of London after the Great Fire(D) The damage caused by the Great Fire of London

28. Which of the following is true regarding fires in the past?

(A) They only happened in major cities.(B) They always had some positive effects.(C) They caused small amounts of damage.

(D) They were more dangerous than fires today.

29. Why are there no accurate records of how many people died in the fire?

(A) The records were destroyed in the fire.(B) The people were dying from the plague.(C) The fire burned out of control for three days.(D) The deaths of poor people were not recorded.

30. In line 10,the word struggling is closest in meaning to ___________.

(A) fighting(B) hoping(C) planning

(D) failing

31. In line 15, the word they refers to___________.

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10

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(A) germs(B) streets(C) rats(D) diseases

32. In line 17,the word cramped is closest in meaning to ___________.

(A) old(B) unpopular(C) damaged(D) crowded

33. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a problem with London housing in

the1600's?

(A) Closely packed houses(B) Unclean streets(C) Poor quality brick(D) Badly made buildings

34. Why did the government rebuild with brick and stone after the fire?(A) To save on building costs(B) To make houses stronger(C) To keep flees out of the city(D) To rebuild London as it was before

35. In line 23, the word measures is closest in meaning to___________.

(A) tools(B) steps(C) buildings(D) reasons


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The stock market is an important part of the world economy. The market itself is not a singleplace, like a store, but rather a system in which people buy and sell stocks. Obviously, people

invest in stocks to make money. There are two basic ways to make money in the stock market.One way to make money involves sharing some of the companysprofits. Basically, whensomeone buys stock in a company, that person becomes a shareholder-one of many part-owners.As a part-owner, the shareholder gets part of any money that is left over after the company paysfor expenses and development. Usually, when a company is making a profit, it sends money to itsshareholders up to four times a year. Sometimes the companies offer shareholders more stock insinstead of cash. In either case, this payment is known as a dividend. For people who own manyshares of stock, dividends can add up to a great deal of money.

People can also make money when stock prices go up. When stock prices go up, the value ofthat stock increases. Thus, shareholders make money when they sell the stock at a higher price.For example, if someone buys one share of stock for $100 and sells it when the price has gone upto $150, that person makes $50. However, stock prices do not always go up. Sometimes they staythe same; or worse, they go down. Of course, all shareholders hope stock prices go up, so they can

make money on their investment. However, in the end, buying stock is a lot like playing a bettinggame ,and the investor who buys stock is betting that the price will go up.

The question, then, is who controls stock prices? Actually, stock prices fluctuate due to severalfactors. When a company's profits increase, its stock prices usually go up as well.Also, whenbusiness in general is good or bad in a particular industry, such as the IT industry, it can affect thestock prices of individual companies within that industry. Furthermore, sometimes there are globalmoney problems that cause serious trouble for investors all around the world. Often, when thishappens, the prices of most stocks on the stock market fall severely. That, in turn, causes moreglobal money problems,which can lower prices even more


(A) The ways that companies make a profit(B) The ways that investors predict stock prices(C) How people make money in the stock market(D) How stock prices are affected by global money problems

37. In line 4, the word profits is closest in meaning to ___________.

(A) prices(B) jobs(C) dealings(D) earnings

38. In line 7, what does the word it refer to?(A)A company(B) A shareholder(C)A stock(D) A profit

39. According to the author, what do shareholders get?

(A) A great deal of money four times a year(B)A share of the company's products(C) Part of the company expenses(D) Part of the company's profits

40. Why is buying stock like playing a betting game?(A) Shareholders sell their stock at a higher price.(B) Shareholders bet stock prices will stay the same.

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10

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(C) Investors bet stock prices will increase.(D) Investors make money on their stock.

41. In line 18, the word fluctuate is closest in meaning to ___________.

(A) stop(B) vary

(C) buy(D) sell

42. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that affects stock prices?

(A) A company's profits(B) Investments in stock(C) Global money problems(D) Business in a specific industry


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Vocabulary Practice

Synonyms

Choose the synonym for the underlined word.

1. lt's a great time to join one of the many community activities available to Fullerton Junior Highstudents.(A) impossible (B) accessible (C) enjoyable (D) reliable

2. Rosi shouted as she burst in the door.(A) broke (B) cried (C) hit (D) threw

3.They contain details regarding the locations, prices, and times of the programs.(A) from (B) throughout (C) about (D) by

4.To join one of the programs, students must register at the main office of Fullerton Junior High.

(A) make up (B) pick up (C)fill up (D)sign up

5.Ifthey pick mine , Illget to meet himinperson!(a)keep (b)choose (c)contain (d)point

Words in context

Choose the word of phrase that best completes each sentence. Change the forms if

necessary.

1. Here are the programs being __________________ this year.2. Community service __________________ to read to the elderly in the city's winter reading

program.3. Rememberthe contest I__________________? I sent a letter to MVS about why I should be

able to meet Johnny Corazon!l4. That's wonderful! But you __________________ get started honey. Call me if you need

help.5. Rosi __________________ a video camera in her room last night.

Enter set up had better offer volunteer


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Definition & LogicChoose the phrase or clause that best completes each sentence.

1.If someone says that something seems boring, then probably __________________.(A) the person feels happy about it(B) the person is not interested in it(C) the person wants to know more about it

2. lf someone hung up , then probably__________________.(A) the person didn't want to talk on the phone any more(B) the person was disappointed(C) the person enjoyed a conversation very much

3.A person who speaks excited will__________________.(A) feel sad(B) make people upset(C) deliver surprising news

Collocations in Context

Make collocations to fill in the blanks. Change the forms if necessary

1. Rosi __________________ the camera and sang a song, and danced.

2.The three of them made a stage set in Albert's backyard. They used some old curtains andpainted cardboard. Finally, they__________________ again.

3.Everyone __________________ and she sent the final version of her video.

4.Joplin's work __________________ audiences, as well as other composers.

Wish the videohave onturn her luckshoot an important effect on


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Unit 1 Exercise

Analogy

Choose the word that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the

original pair.

1. short :long = simple: ______________2. book :reader = performance: ______________3. earn :student = teach: ______________4. happy :sad = exciting: ______________

Idioms in Context

Complete the sentences using the idioms in the box. Change the forms if necessary

1. To join one of the programs, students must register at the main office of FullertonJunior High ______________ they will fill up fast. So, be sure to sign up early!

2.

That'swonderful! But you______________ get started, honey. Call me if youneed help.

3. Rosi called a wrong person, so she apologized and ______________.4. Rosi ______________ a video camera in her room. She turned on the camera

and sang a song and danced.

Paraphrasing

Choose the word that best complete each sentence

1.

Brochures contain details regarding the locations prices and times of theprograms.

Details regarding the places costs and times of the programs are ______________in the pamphlets(A)included (B)implied (C)read (D)spoken

2. Thatsit ,saidRosi when they were done.Rosi said Thatsit,when they______________ the work(A)did (B)left (C)finished (D)made

3. Joplins work had an important lasting effect on audiences as well as other

composersNot only other composers but also audiences were greatly______________ by

Audience boring complicated instructor

had better hang upkeep in mind set up


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Joplinswork(A)enjoyed (B)entertained (C)influenced (D)limited

4. Joplinswork attracted a lot of attention from other ragtime composers of his timeOther ragtime composers of Joplonnstime ______________ much attention to his

work(A)drew (B)held (C)caught (D)paid


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Unit 2 Exercise

Practice 1-3

Synonyms


1. Biorobotics is a field within robotic science that is based on the movements of living things(A)machine (B)material (C)area (D)trend

2.there are several robots that have been made to mimic animals(A)move (B)hunt (C)protect (D)imitate

3. many companies develop such robots as toys(A)use (B)create (C)invest (D)imitate

4.It is made to move like a snake so it can pass through narrow spaces move over all sorts ofobstacles climb poles and even swim(A)devices (B)shapes (C)materials (D)barriers

5.The way modsnake moves makes it useful for finding damaged areas inside of pipes(A)designed (B)cleaned (C)ruined (D)dirty

Words in context

Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence change the forms ifnecessary

1.while many companies develop such robots as toys some are used for practical________________.

2.Built to be both light and powerful it can ________________ like a bee in tight spaces and alsochange direction without losing speed

3.this robotsabilities make it very useful for military and police search and ________________missions.

4. Modsnakeis a robot that was ________________ on snakes

5.The way modsnake moves makes it useful for________________ tasks suck as checking forsurvivors in collapsed buildings finding dam=aged areas inside of pipes and cleaning up oil spills.

a variety of hover model purpose rescue


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Definition & Logic

Choose the phrase or clause that best completes each sentence.

1.If the weather is uncommonly cold the in is

(A) a signal that spring is coming(B)good for outside activities(Cc) a lot colder than usual

2.If someone disables a system, then probably(A) it will work as usual(B) it will stop working(C) it will start again

3.A machine which functions well(A) works without problem

(B) needs fixing(C) stops frequently


Make collocations to fill in the blanks. Change the forms if necessary.

1. These characteristics make it particularly________________ military situations.

2.

Don't________________ to mix with friends from school.

3. This is a great chance to________________.

4.

Wear a costume________________ he sea or sea life.

miss formake to

related some new friendsuseful this great chance


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Synonyms


1.LikeFoster-Grant,Diatek found the solution in NASA technology.

(A)a (B) act (C) product (D)decoration2.NASA had earlier invented a way to determine the temperature of distant stars.(A) bright (B) remote (C) shiny (D)small3.The amount of ice in Antarctica is decreasing every year.(A)height(B) quantity

(C) size (D) tip

4.By doing this, they were able to get an accurate measurement.(A) similar (B) wide (C) satisfied (D) exact5.NASA had earlier invented a way to determine the temperature of distant stars.(A)

bought(B) measured

(C)

developed (D)

needed

Words in Context

Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. Change the forms ifnecessary

1.Ear thermometers were also a________________ of NASA technology.

2.In the early 1990s, a company called Diatek________________ the need for a quickand easy way for nurses to take patients' temperatures.

3.By doing this, they were able to get an accurate measurement of the patient's body________________.

4.Last Friday, a group of Middleton Junior High students ________________ in theState Junior Track and Field Championships in Wentworth City.

5.Diatek used this same technology to measure how much heat a patient's eardrum ________________.

compete give off product

recognize temperature


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Definition & Logic

Choose the phrase or clause that best completes each sentence.

1.If special praise is given to someone, then probably(a) the person missed an important chance

(b) the person did a good job(c) the person failed to do something

2.If someone received a golden medal in the Olympics, then probably(a) the person was the winner(b) the person was a referee(c) the person was a coach

3.A person who has the ability to communicate(a) needs a lot of friends(b) speaks several languages

(c) expresses his opinion well


Make collocations to fill in the blanks. Change the forms if necessary.

1.He is Coach Evans, who________________ training with the athletes in the monthsbefore the championships.

2.For millions of years, animals have communicated________________.

3.Scientists do not________________ when human language first appeared.

4.Special praise should be given to the following students who all ________________ intheir events.

in countless hoursagree medalsreceive numerous ways

spend on


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Unit 2 Exercise

Analogy

Choose the word that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in theoriginal pair.

1. lily : flower = ________________insect2. loose : tight = friend :________________3. hospital : doctor = space :________________4.

rabbit : jump = bee :________________

5.

food : chef = novel :________________6. loose : find =________________ : catch

Idioms in context

Complete the sentences using the idioms in the box. Change the forms if necessary.

1.Biorobotics is a field within robotic science that is________________ the movements of livingthings.

2.Humans have the ability to communicate using language. However, scientists do not________________ when human language first appeared

3.Don't miss this great chance to________________ friends from school.

4.This year, 23 students________________ 9 different events.

5.NASA had earlier invented a way to determine the temperature of distant stars by measuring theamount of heat or energy, they________________.

6.of course, all students who competed should be proud of ________________ to thechampionships.

astronaut author cockroach enemy hover miss

agree on based on give off

make it mix with take part in


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Paraphrasing

Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.

1.There will be a dance contest, with a prize going to the best dancer in each grade.There will be a dance contest, and a prize will be ________________ to the best

dancer in each grade.(a)

announced (b)

applied (c) gained (d) given2.Students will need a signed parent permission form to be able to attend the danceStudents must get a signed parent permission form in order to________________the dance(a) find out (b) go to (c) focus on (d)ask for

3.A very special thanks should go to our dedicated coach Coach Evans.We should be________________

Junior TOEFL

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