opyright (C) 1999 Jun Rekimoto Computing: Computing: A Time-centric Approach A Time-centric Approach for for the Information the Information Environment Environment Jun Rekimoto Jun Rekimoto Interaction Laboratory Interaction Laboratory Sony Computer Science Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc. Laboratories, Inc.
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Jun Rekimoto, "Time-Machine Computing: A Time-centric Approach for the Information Environment", ACM UIST'99, 1999
Imagine that your computer has a dial for time-traveling. With such a computer, when you create a document you can simply leave it on the desktop. You can also remove documents at any time. If you later need to refer the previously created information, you can time-travel to the day when that document was on the desktop. You might also see other related information that were simultaneously placed on the computer screen, and these items would help you to recall the activity context at that time. We named such time-centric approach Time-Machine Computing , or TMC.
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Copyright (C) 1999 Jun Rekimoto
Time-Machine Computing:Time-Machine Computing:A Time-centric Approach for A Time-centric Approach for the Information Environmentthe Information Environment
Jun RekimotoJun Rekimoto
Interaction LaboratoryInteraction Laboratory
Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
2Copyright (C) 1999 Jun Rekimoto
Problems with current Problems with current desktop environmentsdesktop environments Folder HierarchiesFolder Hierarchies
Naming, classification of files/folders are Naming, classification of files/folders are not trivial.not trivial.
Difficult to manage many overlapped Difficult to manage many overlapped windowswindows
3Copyright (C) 1999 Jun Rekimoto
Reality is …Reality is …
4Copyright (C) 1999 Jun Rekimoto
Problems with current Problems with current desktop environmentsdesktop environments Folder HierarchiesFolder Hierarchies Single Desktop Approach ?Single Desktop Approach ?
Simple, items are always there and visible.Simple, items are always there and visible. Items represent activity status, and act as reminItems represent activity status, and act as remin
dersderse.g., Digital “PostIt” notes on the desktope.g., Digital “PostIt” notes on the desktop
Spatial layout of information Spatial layout of information (Pile [Mander et al. CHI’92] , Group)(Pile [Mander et al. CHI’92] , Group)
Does not scaleDoes not scale
5Copyright (C) 1999 Jun Rekimoto
Problems with current Problems with current desktop environmentsdesktop environments
Folder HierarchiesFolder Hierarchies Single Desktop Approach ?Single Desktop Approach ? Time-ordered list Time-ordered list
LifestreamsLifestreams [Freeman et al. 95][Freeman et al. 95] E-Mail List, Web HistoryE-Mail List, Web History Difficult to recall Difficult to recall
Activities on the desktop are permanently archived.Activities on the desktop are permanently archived.
Folder-less Environment Folder-less Environment All objects All objects (( DocumentsDocuments 、、 PicturesPictures 、、 PostItPostIt ) ) aa
re placed directly on the desktop.re placed directly on the desktop.
Time-TravelingTime-Traveling Restores the state of Restores the state of
the computer based on the computer based on timetime..
t
8Copyright (C) 1999 Jun Rekimoto
TimeScape: TimeScape: A time-machine desktop environmentA time-machine desktop environment
Navigation Buttons Time Travel DialSearch Box
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DemoDemo
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Time Traveling as ...Time Traveling as ... Personal Information OrganizationPersonal Information Organization
Travel to the past for finding old informationTravel to the past for finding old information Travel to the future for making a scheduleTravel to the future for making a schedule Browsing personal activities in various waysBrowsing personal activities in various ways
Specifying time pointsSpecifying time points Direct Direct (go to 1999.1.1)(go to 1999.1.1) Object-Oriented Object-Oriented (go to when I created this file)(go to when I created this file) by Searching by Searching (go to when text (go to when text “kyoto”“kyoto” appears on the de appears on the de
sktop)sktop)
11Copyright (C) 1999 Jun Rekimoto
Search as Time TravelSearch as Time Travel Desktop items act as bookmarks Desktop items act as bookmarks
Semi-transparent objectsSemi-transparent objects showing what was thereshowing what was there
Time-fading objectsTime-fading objects represent passing of timerepresent passing of time
14Copyright (C) 1999 Jun Rekimoto
Time-Casting:Time-Casting:Inter-Application Communication of timeInter-Application Communication of time By exchanging “time”, application can supBy exchanging “time”, application can sup
port each other.port each other. Web Bookmarks, E-Mail List, TimeScape Web Bookmarks, E-Mail List, TimeScape
Desktop, Photo Browser, etc.Desktop, Photo Browser, etc.
Digital Whiteboard & Notebook CoDigital Whiteboard & Notebook Compuetrmpuetr
PDA and DeskotopPDA and Deskotop
16Copyright (C) 1999 Jun Rekimoto
ImplementationImplementation
Each item on the desktop hasEach item on the desktop has start, end timestart, end time history of operationshistory of operations reference to the real contentsreference to the real contents
Backend File Server managesBackend File Server manages History of modificationsHistory of modifications Timed version can be retrieved by Timed version can be retrieved by
A new concept for Personal Information OrganizaA new concept for Personal Information Organizationtion
Life-Long Archival of Information + Time travellingLife-Long Archival of Information + Time travelling Various visualization techniquesVarious visualization techniques
TimeScape:TimeScape: a time-machine desktopa time-machine desktop Time-Casting:Time-Casting: inter application communicatiinter application communicati
on of timeon of time
19Copyright (C) 1999 Jun Rekimoto
Future DirectionsFuture Directions
Combining Other Information Combining Other Information Organization TechniquesOrganization Techniques Rooms, Piling, Zooming, Stationary ScrollRooms, Piling, Zooming, Stationary Scroll
Combining Other Physical ContextsCombining Other Physical Contexts LocationLocation Real-world desktops, Bulletin BoardsReal-world desktops, Bulletin Boards
Capturing user’s activitiesCapturing user’s activities History of “Cut-and-Paste”, CommandsHistory of “Cut-and-Paste”, Commands