Judicial Branch Test Review
Race, Gender, Party Affiliation, Judicial Experience
• What characteristics might a President consider when nominating Supreme Court Justices?
Concurring
• A justice who agrees with the majority opinion but has different reasons for supporting it may write a ________ opinion.
Exclusive
• There are certain cases that can ONLY be heard in federal courts. In this case the federal courts would be thought to have ___________ jurisdiction
Judicial Restraint
• Philosophy that the courts should operate strictly within the limits of the Constitution and only answer questions if a clear violation of the Constitution is present.
Cases involving federal laws and cases beyond the authority of the individual states.
• What types of cases do federal courts hear?
dissenting
• A justice who does not agree with the majority’s decision may write a ________ opinion.
Mapp v. Ohio
• Supreme Court ruled that the protection against unreasonable search and seizure applied to the state and local governments, as well as the national government, thus nationalizing the exclusionary rule to prevent illegally seized evidence from being introduced into the courtroom.
appeals
• A court that is only concerned about the fairness of a trial and the interpretation of the law in a trial is a(n) ____________ court
Judicial review
• The power of the Supreme Court to overturn any law that it finds is unconstitutional.
criminal
• A case in which the government or state charges an individual with violating one or more laws is known as a ________ case.
District Courts, U.S. Courts of Appeals, Supreme Court
• What is the correct order of U.S. court supremacy from least powerful to most powerful?
Equal to
• The decision in Marbury v. Madison ensured that the judicial branch was ________ the other branches of government.
State criminal court
• A young man is accused of robbing a convenient store. The case will first be tried in….
Due Process Clause
• No one can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without proper legal procedures that must be followed; clause found in the 5th and 14th amendments.
Judicial Activism
• The philosophy that the courts should play a more active role in creating national policies and answering questions of conflict in society
States were not restrained from violating citizen’s rights because the Bill of Rights only applied to the federal government
• Why was selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights needed to protect citizens from state governments?
Marbury v. Madison
• First time the Supreme Court struck down an act of congress for being unconstitutional
false-there is no jury only the 9 supreme court justices
• T or F? The Supreme Court is a trial court.
Brown v. Board of Education
• Case established precedent that “separate but equal” doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson was not equal. Led to desegregation of all public schools and later public spaces and Civil Rights Movement.
Tinker v. Desmoines
• Which court case related to the rights of students in school, specifically rights guaranteed by the first amendment?
Miranda v. Arizona
• In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that suspects must be told of their constitutional rights to remain silent, that what they say can and will be used against them, and of their right to an attorney present during any questioning (5th amendment).