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Judges and United Monarchy
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Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Dec 17, 2015

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Darcy Douglas
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Page 1: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Judges and United Monarchy

Page 2: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Historical Overview

1446 – Exodus

1406 – Conquest

Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges

1010-970 – David reigns

970-930 – Solomon reigns

930 – Kingdom divides

Page 3: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Historical OverviewIsrael

1446 – Exodus

1406 – Conquest

Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges

1010-970 – David reigns

970-930 – Solomon reigns

930 – Kingdom divides

Egypt

Egypt’s New Kingdom = ca. 1550 – 1100

After Ramses II (1290– 1224), slow decline

Egypt’s Intermediate Kingdom (1100—730)

Kushites rule over Egypt (730—670)

Assyrians rule over Egypt (670-612)

Page 4: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Historical OverviewIsrael

1446 – Exodus

1406 – Conquest

Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges

1010-970 – David reigns

970-930 – Solomon reigns

930 – Kingdom divides

Philistines (Sea Peoples)

Originally from Europe (Greece?)

Invaded Cyprus, Crete, Egypt, and Palestine ca. 1200—1100

1175 – invasion of Egypt; defeated by the Egyptians

After 1175, settled in Palestine

Page 5: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistines

Page 6: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistines

Page 7: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistines

Page 8: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistines

Page 9: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistines

Page 10: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistines

Early references to “Philistines”Gen 21:32–34; 26:1, 8, 14–15; and in Exod 13:17; 15:14; 23:31

Differences between “early” and “later” Philistines?1. “Early” Philistines are friendly; later

Philistines are hostile.

2. “Early” Philistines live in Gerar under a king; later Philistines live in 5 cities, in a confederation, under “lords”

Page 11: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistines

Where did these “early” Philistines come from? 1. Error in the text. Author was confused

2. Anachronism. • Early people called something else; occupied same

area as later Philistines

3. Early migration of “Sea People” • Pre-1200 evidence of people from Aegean area• “ample archaeological evidence of Aegean contact

with the Levant as early as the third millennium BC” (John Wenham)

• Aegean trade in 1900-1700 BC and objects of Aegean origin at Hazor and Megiddo.

Sum: Early migration of “Sea People” of similar origin.

Page 12: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistines

Very powerful from 1150-1000Time of Samson, Saul, David

Matches the biblical record

Philistine “Pentapolis”Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath, and Gaza

Page 13: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistine Pentapolis

Page 14: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistine Pentapolis

Page 15: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistines

Philistine power began to wane around 1000 B.C.

Pentapolis was crushed by David; semi-independent rule by Philistine cities

Later, formed an alliance with Egypt, Edom, and Arabs (cf. Amos 1:6–8; 2 Chr 21:16–17)

Came under Assyrian rule (ca. 734 B.C.)

Page 16: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistine Culture

Very advanced Technology

Art

Military Weaponry

Loved to partyLoved beer and wine

Well-managed breweries and wineries

Drank in large quantities

Religion: Similar to CanaanitesBaal, Ashtorah, Dagon and others.

Page 17: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistine Culture

Page 18: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistine Culture

Page 19: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistine Culture

Page 20: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistine Culture

Page 21: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistine Culture

Page 22: Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon.

Philistines

Most of what we know from the Bible matches what we have found in archaeology and history

The difficulties (“early” vs. “later” Philistines) are easily solved.