Judges and United Monarchy
Dec 17, 2015
Historical Overview
1446 – Exodus
1406 – Conquest
Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges
1010-970 – David reigns
970-930 – Solomon reigns
930 – Kingdom divides
Historical OverviewIsrael
1446 – Exodus
1406 – Conquest
Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges
1010-970 – David reigns
970-930 – Solomon reigns
930 – Kingdom divides
Egypt
Egypt’s New Kingdom = ca. 1550 – 1100
After Ramses II (1290– 1224), slow decline
Egypt’s Intermediate Kingdom (1100—730)
Kushites rule over Egypt (730—670)
Assyrians rule over Egypt (670-612)
Historical OverviewIsrael
1446 – Exodus
1406 – Conquest
Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges
1010-970 – David reigns
970-930 – Solomon reigns
930 – Kingdom divides
Philistines (Sea Peoples)
Originally from Europe (Greece?)
Invaded Cyprus, Crete, Egypt, and Palestine ca. 1200—1100
1175 – invasion of Egypt; defeated by the Egyptians
After 1175, settled in Palestine
Philistines
Early references to “Philistines”Gen 21:32–34; 26:1, 8, 14–15; and in Exod 13:17; 15:14; 23:31
Differences between “early” and “later” Philistines?1. “Early” Philistines are friendly; later
Philistines are hostile.
2. “Early” Philistines live in Gerar under a king; later Philistines live in 5 cities, in a confederation, under “lords”
Philistines
Where did these “early” Philistines come from? 1. Error in the text. Author was confused
2. Anachronism. • Early people called something else; occupied same
area as later Philistines
3. Early migration of “Sea People” • Pre-1200 evidence of people from Aegean area• “ample archaeological evidence of Aegean contact
with the Levant as early as the third millennium BC” (John Wenham)
• Aegean trade in 1900-1700 BC and objects of Aegean origin at Hazor and Megiddo.
Sum: Early migration of “Sea People” of similar origin.
Philistines
Very powerful from 1150-1000Time of Samson, Saul, David
Matches the biblical record
Philistine “Pentapolis”Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath, and Gaza
Philistines
Philistine power began to wane around 1000 B.C.
Pentapolis was crushed by David; semi-independent rule by Philistine cities
Later, formed an alliance with Egypt, Edom, and Arabs (cf. Amos 1:6–8; 2 Chr 21:16–17)
Came under Assyrian rule (ca. 734 B.C.)
Philistine Culture
Very advanced Technology
Art
Military Weaponry
Loved to partyLoved beer and wine
Well-managed breweries and wineries
Drank in large quantities
Religion: Similar to CanaanitesBaal, Ashtorah, Dagon and others.