1 Judges 6 – Notes on translation/grammar Let me preface these notes by admitting even I found Judges 6 a little challenging because of the vocabulary. There is a lot of rare unusual vocabulary in this story. (6:1) םֵ נְ תִ יַּ ו= verb + object suffix. PGN of suffix? That leaves נְ תִּ יַּ ו– . One of the vowels reduced because of the object suffix so try analyzing * ןֵ תִּ יַּ ו. Form? PGN? This is an extremely common 1 st נverb that you should be used to recognizing by now. ןָ יְ דִ מ– Place/people name. עַ בֶ שׁ יםִ נָ שׁ– Note syntax for numbers in this case {NUMBER} + {NOUN}. For numbers 3-9 masculine numbers for feminine nouns. (6:2) זַ עַ תַּ ו– Form? PGN? Tough to analyze because this is a final geminate verb. עזז= “be strong” under BDB 738a. רוֹתָ הְ נִ מַּ ה= article + noun. Gender and number of noun? That leaves ר־ַ הְ נִ מ. Under what root should you look? Remember מis a common noun preformative. הָ רָ הְ נִ מ= “cave? crevice? stronghold?” under BDB 626a. This might be a hapax legomenon and the meaning is not certain. רוֹתָ עְ מַּ ה= article + noun. Under what root should you look? If מis a preformative that leaves ער. So try עור/ עירor עררor ערה. הָ רָ עְ מ= “cave” under BDB 792b. דוֹתָ צְ מַּ ה– Just like above. If מis a preformative try ציד/ צודor צדדor צדה. דַ צְ מ= “fastness, stronghold” under BDB 844b. (6:3)
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Judges 6 – Notes on translation/grammar
Let me preface these notes by admitting even I found Judges 6 a little challenging
because of the vocabulary. There is a lot of rare unusual vocabulary in this
story.
(6:1)
–ויתנ verb + object suffix. PGN of suffix? That leaves = ויתנם . One of the vowels
reduced because of the object suffix so try analyzing *ויתן. Form? PGN?
This is an extremely common 1st verb that you should be used to נ
recognizing by now.
.Place/people name – מדין
שניםשבע – Note syntax for numbers in this case {NUMBER} + {NOUN}. For
numbers 3-9 masculine numbers for feminine nouns.
(6:2)
= עזז .Form? PGN? Tough to analyze because this is a final geminate verb – ותעז
“be strong” under BDB 738a.
Under .מנהר־ article + noun. Gender and number of noun? That leaves = המנהרות
what root should you look? Remember מ is a common noun preformative.
cave? crevice? stronghold?” under BDB 626a. This might be a“ = מנהרה
hapax legomenon and the meaning is not certain.
is a preformative מ article + noun. Under what root should you look? If = המערות
that leaves ער. So try עיר/עור or ערר or מערה .ערה = “cave” under BDB 792b.
= מצד .צדה or צדד or צוד/ציד is a preformative try מ Just like above. If – המצדות
“fastness, stronghold” under BDB 844b.
(6:3)
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.sow, scatter seed” under BDB 281a“ = זרע
.People/place name – עמלק
.front, east, aforetime” under BDB 869b“ = קדם
.”literally “sons of the east = easterners = בני־קדם
(6:4)
Tough verse with a lot of new/unusual vocabulary.
Get out Hebrew verb helps and try #A4. If you .חנ Form? PGN? That leaves – ויחנו
have trouble remember this root you can find it camped under BDB 333a.
= שחת ?Form? PGN? Note the a - long i vowel pattern. Conjugation – וישחיתו
Hiphil “spoil, ruin” under BDB 1008a.
.produce of soil” under BDB 384b“ = יבול
.verb + possessive suffix? PGN of suffix? Form? This is just bizarre = בוא#
Literally “your entering” but who or what is the subject?
could represent two ע Place name. Can you recognize it? Remember that – עזה
different sounds in ancient Hebrew. `Ayin and Ghayin. So either `azza(h) or
ghazza(h). Recognize it now?
Literally(?) “until your entering Gaza = until you enter Gaza =? up – עד־בוא# עזה
to the entrance of Gaza”.
Hiphil = שאר ?Form? PGN? Note a – long i vowel pattern. Conjugation – ישאירו
“leave over, spare” under BDB 984a.
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is a preformative then try מ Under what root will you find this in BDB? If – מחיה
.preservation of life, sustenance” under BDB 313b“ = מחיה .חיה
.one of a flock, sheep or goat” under BDB 961b“ = שה
Now about that ־ון ending. Despite my best efforts could not find in Kittel or
Isbell. This is what Gesenius paragraph 48m says:
There are, especially in the older books, over 300 forms with the fuller ending ון (with Nun paragogicum) always bearing the tone… This usually expressed marked emphasis, and consequently occurs most commonly at the end of sentences.
Sometimes called paragogic nun or energic nun. Basically an older(?) 3mp
prefixed verb ending that seems to express emphasis.
after verbal ו Similar but note the different vowel pattern especially – תושיעון
prefix. Take Kittel verb trick #H4 out for a spin. ישע = Hiphil “deliver, save;
give victory” under BDB 446a.
אם... ה – We have seen this construction a couple times. In Biblical Hebrew ה ...
”?…expresses “{QUESTION}… or אם
.Look like we picked a good time to review Pual and Hophal conjugations – יומת
This is the Hophal of a hollow verb. The Hophal is basically the same as a
Hiphil but with two important differences in the vowel pattern. A u class
vowel after the conjugation/verbal prefix and an a class vowel before the
final root letter. Compare הפקיד to הפקד perfect and יפקיד to יפקד imperfect
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forms. Because מות is hollow the u vowel in the prefix is now in an open
syllable and lengthens to ו.
I do not entirely understand this statement. Whoever – אשר יריב לו יומת עד־בקר
tried to defend the deity will be killed by morning?!? This is a very
important point being made – gods can defend themselves and do not need
human beings to defend them. So is Joash a good Baalist or not? Note on
syntax – Note the temporal use of עד “to, until, during, while, as long as”.
So something occurs up to the time indicated. עד הבקר = “by morning”.
For hollow verbs the .ירב to jussive יריב A little tricky. Compare imperfect – ירב
jussive and wayyiqtol forms are shortened. This is because the jussive and
wayyiqtol originally did not have a final short vowel. And there is a rule in
Biblical Hebrew that long vowels in originally closed syllables reduce to
short vowels.
(6:32)
.Place/object name – ירבעל
(6:33)
?can be 1cp prefix or Niphal conjugation prefix. Which is it? Form נ The – נאספו
PGN? אסף = Niphal “assemble”.
You should know this stem already. But if it does not cross your mind – ויעברו
look under BDB 716b.
.Again. If you need a reminder it is encamped under BDB 333a – ויחנו
.vale, valley” under BDB 770b“ = עמק
אל that is part of the common noun suffix א Place name. Notice the silent – יזרעאל
which means “greatest, supreme”.
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(6:34)
שהלב – Form? PGN? Indication of other than Qal? לבש = “put on, wear, clothe, be
clothed” under BDB 527b.
גדעוןאת־רוח יהוה לבשה ו – A very interesting way to express this idea.
.thrust, clap, give a blow, blast” under BDB 1075a“ = ויתקע
.horn (for blowing)” under BDB 1051b“ = שופר
= זעק ?Note three full vowels in a prefixed form. Form? PGN? Conjugation – ויזעק
Niphal “be called together, assemble, join” under BDB 277b.
(6:35)
.Name of a tribe – אשר
.Name of a tribe – זבלון
.Name of a tribe – נפתלי
preposition + verb + pronominal suffix. Form? This is a little odd. There = לקראתם
are two parallel verbs קרה and II קרא both of which mean “encounter, meet,
befall” under BDB 896b. For some reason קרא the infinitive construct shows
.like some weak verbs ־ת
(6:36)
.”particle of existence + pronoun. “You are = יש#
?after preformative and long i vowel. Form ו preformative and מ Note – מושיע
Conjugation?
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מושיעאם יש# – Literally “if you are saving”.
(6:37)
preformative and strong dagesh and long i vowel. This is a tough מ Note – מציג
verb to analyze because the root is יצג and normally 1st does not assimilate י
like this. יצג = Hiphil “set, place (a vivid and forcible synonym of שם)”
under BDB 426b.
.fleece” under BDB 159b. Very rare“ = גזה – גזת
.wool” under BDB 856a“ = צמר
threshing floor” under BDB 175a. Surprisingly common. This might be a“ = גרן
good time to mention that in graduate school I take an “experimental” course
on Agriculture in the Ancient Near East. One of the main texts for the course
is the excellent (if not always exciting to read) Agriculture in Iron Age Israel
by Oded Borowski which discusses and describes all of these different
agricultural terms and practices.
We met this word in 1 Kings 17. There was none in the land until Elijah said – טל
so.
preposition(?) + pronominal suffix. PGN of suffix? If you have trouble = לבדה
remembering this expression you are probably not alone so look under BDB
94b.
.dryness, drought, heat” under BDB 351a“ = חרב
(6:38)
.morrow (day following a past day)” under BDB 564a“ = מחרת
III “press down and out” under = זור .Form? PGN? This is a shortened form – ויזר
BDB 267a. Very rare.
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drain, drain out” under“ = מצה .Form? PGN? This is an apocopated form – וימץ
BDB 594b.
.fullness, that which fills” under BDB 571a“ = מלוא
.bowl” under BDB 705b. Very rare“ = ספל
.”Literally “fullness (of) the bowl water = a full bowl of water – מלוא הספל מים
(6:39)
This is an apocopated form. It helps that you know this verb and it is used – יחר
with #אפ. If you are just burning to remember look under 354a.
.surely, yet” under BDB 36b“ = א;
.foot, anvil, occurrence” often translated “time” under BDB 821b“ = פעם
Note shwa (or shwa vowel) under verbal prefix and strong dagesh in – אנסה