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Handout: JSPVersion: JSP/Handout/0408/1.0
Date: 04-04-08
Cognizant
500 Glen Pointe Center West
Teaneck, NJ 07666
Ph: 201-801-0233
www.cognizant.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................5About this Module .........................................................................................................................5Target Audience ...........................................................................................................................5Module Objectives ........................................................................................................................5Pre-requisite .................................................................................................................................5
Session 02: Understanding JSP ..................................................................................................6Learning Objectives ......................................................................................................................6What is a JSP page? ....................................................................................................................6When to use Servlet and when JSP .............................................................................................6Summary ......................................................................................................................................6Test Your Understanding ..............................................................................................................6
Session 03: Sample JSP ................................................................................................................7Learning Objectives ......................................................................................................................7Try It Out .......................................................................................................................................7Summary ......................................................................................................................................7Test your Understanding ..............................................................................................................7
Session 04: JSP Architecture Model ............................................................................................8Learning Objectives ......................................................................................................................8JSP Model 1 Architecture .............................................................................................................8JSP Model 2 Architecture .............................................................................................................8Summary ......................................................................................................................................9Test your Understanding ..............................................................................................................9
Session 05: JSP Syntax elements ..............................................................................................10Learning Objectives ....................................................................................................................10JSP Element:
JSP Expression ...............................................................................................10
JSP Element: JSP Expression ...............................................................................................10JSP Element: JSP Scriptlet ....................................................................................................10JSP Element: JSP Declaration ..............................................................................................10JSP Element: JSP page Directive ..........................................................................................10JSP Element: JSP include Directive ......................................................................................10JSP Element: JSP Comment .................................................................................................10JSP Element: jsp:include Action .................................................................................................11Try It Out .....................................................................................................................................11
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Summary ....................................................................................................................................11Test your Understanding ............................................................................................................11
Session 07: Understanding JSP Page Directives .....................................................................12Learning Objectives ....................................................................................................................12
JSP Page Directives ...................................................................................................................12Try It Out .....................................................................................................................................13Summary ....................................................................................................................................14Test your Understanding ............................................................................................................14
Session 10: JSP Page Life Cycle ................................................................................................15Learning Objectives ....................................................................................................................15JSP Page Life Cycle ...................................................................................................................15Summary ....................................................................................................................................15Test your Understanding ............................................................................................................15
Session 12: JSP Model - Advanced ............................................................................................16Learning Objectives ....................................................................................................................16Translation process ....................................................................................................................16JSP Pages as XML Documents .................................................................................................16Try It Out .....................................................................................................................................16Summary ....................................................................................................................................17Test your Understanding ............................................................................................................17
Session 13: JSP Implicit Variables and Objects .......................................................................18Learning Objectives ....................................................................................................................18JSP Implicit Variables and Objects .............................................................................................18Request ......................................................................................................................................18Response ....................................................................................................................................18Session .......................................................................................................................................18Config .........................................................................................................................................19Application ..................................................................................................................................19Page ...........................................................................................................................................19PageContext ...............................................................................................................................19Try It Out .....................................................................................................................................19Summary ....................................................................................................................................20Test your Understanding ............................................................................................................20
Session 16: JSP Page Scopes ....................................................................................................21Learning Objectives ....................................................................................................................21
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JSP Page Scopes .......................................................................................................................21Try It Out .....................................................................................................................................21Summary ....................................................................................................................................22Test your Understanding ............................................................................................................23
Session 18: JSP Static and Dynamic Inclusions ......................................................................24Learning Objectives ....................................................................................................................24Static Inclusions ..........................................................................................................................24Dynamic Inclusions .....................................................................................................................24Try It Out .....................................................................................................................................24Summary ....................................................................................................................................25Test your Understanding ............................................................................................................25
Session 21: Java Beans with JSP Scriptlets .............................................................................26Learning Objectives ....................................................................................................................26JavaBeans ..................................................................................................................................26JavaBeans Component Design Conventions: ............................................................................26JavaBeans Component property: ...............................................................................................26Syntax: ........................................................................................................................................26Try It Out .....................................................................................................................................27Summary ....................................................................................................................................28Test your Understanding ............................................................................................................28
Session 22: Java Beans with JSP Actions ................................................................................29Learning Objectives ....................................................................................................................29Java Beans and JSP ..................................................................................................................29Creating and Using a JavaBeans Component: ..........................................................................29Setting JavaBeans Component Properties: ...............................................................................29Retrieving JavaBeans Component Properties: ..........................................................................29Try It Out .....................................................................................................................................29Summary ....................................................................................................................................30
Test your Understanding ............................................................................................................31
References ....................................................................................................................................32Websites .....................................................................................................................................32Books ..........................................................................................................................................32
STUDENT NOTES: ........................................................................................................................33
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Introduction
About this Module
This module provides an overview about following topics:
An introduction to JSP
Basic concepts of JSP
Custom Tags and Libraries
Target Audience
This module is designed for the entry level trainees.
Module Objectives
After completing this module, you will be able to:
Work with JSP
Explain JSP Model: Basics
Describe JSP Model: Advanced
Work with Java Beans
Identify Custom Tags and Libraries
Pre-requisite
This module is designed for the trainees having basic knowledge on java.
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Session 02: Understanding JSP
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
Comprehend the JSP Page
Identify the time to use Servlet and JSP
What is a JSP page?
JSP page is a text-based document that contains two types of text:
Static template data: It can be expressed in any text-based format, such as HTML,
SVG, WML, and XML.
JSP elements: It constructs dynamic content.
When to use Servlet and when JSP
1. JSP is used for presentation stuff and servlets are used for control and business logic
stuff. They are good for non-HTML content, such as a file download servlet or a chart
generating servlet, because it is simpler to deal with that content in servlets.
2. In JSP, anything between %> and
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Session 03: Sample JSP
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
Create a simple JSP
Try It Out
Problem Statement:
Write a program to that prints this is an example for template text using html template, this is an
example of expression using JSP expression and this is an example of scriplet
Code:
My Title
This is an example for template text
How It Works:
Based upon the style it will prints
Summary
A JSP page is a text-based document that contains two types of text.
Static template data, which can be expressed in any text-based format, such as
HTML, SVG, WML, and XML. JSP elements construct dynamic content.
Test your Understanding
1. What is a JSP Page?
2. Differentiate between template text, scriplet, and expression
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Session 04: JSP Architecture Model
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
Comprehend a JSP Page
Differentiate between various JSP architectural models
Compare the merits and demerits of different models
JSP Model 1 Architecture
The JSP page alone is responsible for processing the incoming request and replying back to the
client.
Merits:
1. Simple
2. Separation of presentation from content
Demerits:
It may not be desirable for complex implementations.
While this may not seem to be much of a problem for Java developers, it is certainly
an issue if your JSP pages are created and maintained by designers, which is usually
the norm on large projects.
JSP Model 2 Architecture
1. Hybrid approach for serving dynamic content, since it combines the use of both servlets
and JSP.
2. Here, the servlet acts as the controller and is in charge of the request processing and the
creation of any beans or objects used by the JSP, as well as deciding, depending on the
users actions, which JSP page to forward the request to..
3. Note particularly that there is no processing logic within the JSP page itself.
4. It is simply responsible for retrieving any objects or beans that may have been previously
created by the servlet, and extracting the dynamic content from that servlet for insertion
within static templates
Merits:
1. Makes use of the predominant strengths of both technologies, using JSP to generate the
presentation layer and servlets to perform process-intensive tasks. Separation of
presentation from content
2. Cleanest separation of presentation from content, leading to clear delineation of the roles
and responsibilities of the developers and page designers on your programming team.
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Summary
JSP Model 1 Architecture: The JSP page alone is responsible for processing the
incoming request and replying back to the client. Separation of presentation from
content.
JSP Model 2 Architecture: Makes use of the predominant strengths of both
technologies, using JSP to generate the presentation layer and servlets to perform
Test your Understanding
1. What is a JSP Page?
2. When will you use Servlet and when JSP?
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Session 05: JSP Syntax elements
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
Explain the syntax to be followed for different JSP elements
JSP Element: JSP Expression
JSP Element: JSP Expression
Syntax:
Interpretation: Expression is evaluated and placed in output.
JSP Element: JSP Expression
Syntax:
Interpretation: Expression is evaluated and placed in output..
JSP Element: JSP Scriptlet
Syntax:
Interpretation: Code is inserted in service method.
JSP Element: JSP Declaration
Syntax:
Interpretation: Code is inserted in body of servlet class, outside the service method.
JSP Element: JSP page Directive
Syntax:
Interpretation: Directions to the servlet engine about general setup.
JSP Element: JSP include Directive
Syntax:
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JSP Element: jsp:include Action
Syntax:
Interpretation: Directions to the servlet engine about general setup.
Example:
Try It Out
Problem Statement:
Create wecome.jsp using all the jsp syntax elemts.t
Code:
How It Works:
Based upon the JSP syntax it will work
Summary
JSP Scriptlet: It is inserted in service method.
JSP Declaration: It is inserted in body of servlet class, outside the service method.
JSP Comment: Comment is ignored, when JSP page is translated into servlet.
JSP Expression: Expression is evaluated and placed in output.
Test your Understanding
1. What are the different JSP elements?
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Session 07: Understanding JSP Page Directives
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
Explain JSP Page Directives
JSP Page Directives
The page directive is used to define attributes that apply to an entire JSP page.
There attributes of page directive are, language, extends, import, session, buffer, autoFlush,
isThreadSafe, info, errorPage, contentType, isErrorPage, pageEncoding, isELIgnored
JSP Page Directives : language
Used for specifying other scripting languages to be used in a JSP page.
JSP Page Directives : extends
Used for specifying some other java classes to be used in a JSP page.
JSP Page Directives : import
Used for importing packages or java classes.
JSP Page Directives : session
Used for controlling session management.
JSP Page Directives : buffer
Used by the out object to handle output generated by the JSP page.
JSP Page Directives : autoFlush
Used for controlling buffer flow.
JSP Page Directives : isThreadsafe
Used to control the request handling feature.
JSP Page Directives : info
Used to set some description for the page..
JSP Page Directives : errorPage
Used to set the error page to be called if any error occurs.
JSP Page Directives : contentType
Used to specify the MIME type.
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JSP Page Directives : isErrorPage
Used to specify if the jsp page is an error page or not
JSP Page Directives : pageEncoding
Used to specify the language that the page uses when the page is sent to the browser.
JSP Page Directives : isELIgnored
Used to control the EL expression evaluation in the JSP page.
Try It Out
Problem Statement:
Create a JSP page containing page directives
Code:
package com.cts;
public class Perform {
public String getWord(){
return "hello world";
}
public void createError(){
int i=10/0;
} }
Page directives demo
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Summary
Attributes are as follows:
language: Used for specifying other scripting languages to be used in a JSP page
extends: Used for specifying some other java classes to be used in a JSP page import: Used for importing packages or java classes
session: Used for controlling session management
buffer: Used by the out object to handle output generated by the JSP page
autoFlush: Used for controlling buffer flow
isThreadSafe: Used to control the request handling feature
info: Used to set some description for the page
errorPage: Used to set the error page to be called if any error occurs
contentType: Used to specify the MIME type
isErrorPage: Used to specify if the JSP page is an error page or not
pageEncoding: Used to specify the language that the page uses when the page is
sent to the browser
isELIgnored: Used to control the EL expression evaluation in the JSP page>
Test your Understanding
1. What are the important attributes of page directive?
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Session 10: JSP Page Life Cycle
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
Comprehend JSP page life cycle
JSP Page Life Cycle
The three stages of JSP's life cycle are:
Translation: It is where the JSP is converted into a Java file
Compilation: It is where the translated java file is compiled to a class file
Execution: It is where the compiled and initialized Servlet (JSP) handles the requests
Summary
Translation: This is the place, where the JSP is converted into a Java file.
Compilation: This is the place, where the translated java file is compiled to a class
file.
Execution: This is the place, where the compiled and initialized Servlet (JSP) handles
the requests.
Test your Understanding
1. Explain JSP page life cycle.
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Session 12: JSP Model - Advanced
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
Comprehend translation process
Identify the JSP pages as XML documents
Translation process
The JSP page is first converted into a Java file. This java file is compiled to a class file
and is initialized to handle http requests, just like http Servlet.
The best part is a JSP developer, who need not do this translation manually. The
Servlet container (Tomcat) does this translation.
JSP Pages as XML Documents
A JSP document is an XML document and must comply with the XML standard.
Fundamentally, this means that a JSP document must be well formed, meaning that
each start tag must have a corresponding end tag and that the document must have
only one root element.
In addition, JSP elements included in the JSP document must comply with the XML
syntax.
Try It Out
Problem Statement:
Create JSP named index.jsp with only XML tags. The page should contain a instance variable
named names of type java.util.List. Add three names of your choice to that list. And then iterate
though the list to print on the browser all the contents of the list.
This can be using the following XML tags:
, , and >.
Code:
private List names;
names=new ArrayList();
names.add("abc");
names.add("def");
names.add("ghi");
for(Object temp:names){
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temp
}
Summary
Translation: This is the place, where the JSP is converted into a Java file.
A JSP document is an XML document and must comply with the XML standard.
Test your Understanding
1. Define the translation process.
2. List JSP pages as XML documents.
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Session 13: JSP Implicit Variables and Objects
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
JSP implicit variables and Objects
JSP Implicit Variables and Objects
Request: An instance of HttpServletRequest
response: An instance of HttpServletResponse
out: An instance of JspWriter
session: An instance of HttpSession
config: An instance of ServletConfig
application: An instance of ServletContext
page: An instance of Object
pageContext: An instance of PageContext
exception: An instance of Throwable
Request
The class or the interface name of the object request is http.httpservletrequest. The object request
is of type Javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest. This denotes the data included with the HTTP
Request. The client first makes a request that is then passed to the server. The requested object is
used to take the value from clients web browser and pass it to the server. This is performed using
HTTP request like headers, cookies and arguments.
Response
This denotes the HTTP Response data. The result or the information from a request is denoted by
this object. This is in contrast to the request object. The class or the interface name of the object
response is http.HttpServletResponse. The object response is of type Javax.servlet.http.
>httpservletresponse. Generally, the object response is used with cookies. The response object is
also used with HTTP Headers
Session
This denotes the data associated with a specific session of user. The class or the interface name
of the object Session is http.HttpSession. The object Session is of type
Javax.servlet.http.httpsession. The previous two objects, request and response, are used to pass
information from web browser to server and from server to web browser respectively. The Session
Object provides the connection or association between the client and the server. The main use of
Session Objects is for maintaining states when there are multiple page requests. This will be
explained in further detail in following
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Config
This is used to get information regarding the Servlet configuration, stored in the Config object. The
class or the interface name of the Config object is ServletConfig. The object Config is written
Javax.servlet.http.ServletConfig
Application
This is used to share the data with all application pages. The class or the interface name of the
Application object is ServletContext. The Application object is written:
Javax.servlet.http.ServletContext
Page
The Page object denotes the JSP page, used for calling any instance of a Page's servlet. The
class or the interface name of the Page object is jsp.HttpJspPage. The Page object is written:
Java.lang.Object
PageContext
This is used to access page attributes and also to access all the namespaces associated with a
JSP page. The class or the interface name of the object PageContext is jsp.pageContext. The
object PageContext is written: Javax.servlet.jsp.pagecontext
Try It Out
Problem Statement:
Create a jsp named index.jsp. Set attributes in all the 4 possible scopes and try to retrieve them.
Also display on the browser the servlet name using the SerlvetConfig instance.
This sample uses the following implicit variables: request, out, session, config, application
Code:
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How It Works:
The attributes are stored in various scopes and are retrieved and displayed. Servlet name is
displayed to show the config parameter.
Summary
Request: An instance of HttpServletRequest
Response: An instance of HttpServletResponse
Out: An instance of JspWriter
session: An instance of HttpSession
Config: An instance of ServletConfig
Application: An instance of ServletContext
Page: An instance of object
pageContext: An instance of PageContext
Exception: An instance of Throwable
Test your Understanding
1. What are JSP implicit variables and objects?
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Session 16: JSP Page Scopes
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
JSP Page Scopes
JSP Page Scopes
Page Scope
Request Scope
Session Scope
Application Scope
JSP Page Scopes: Page
This scope helps to keep the data available while the page is loading. Any object whose scope is
defined as page scope will disappear as soon as the response is sent to the browser. The object
with a page scope may be modified as often as desired within the particular page but the changes
are lost as soon as the user moves away from the page. By default all beans have page scope.
JSP Page Scopes: Request
Any object created in the request scope will be available as long as the request object is valid. For
example if the JSP page uses a tag, then the bean will be accessed in the
forwarded page and if redirect is used then the bean is destroyed.
JSP Page Scopes: Session
In JSP terms, the data associated with the user has session scope. A session does not correspond
directly to the user; rather, it corresponds with a particular period of time the user spends at a site.
Typically, this period is defined as all the hits a user makes to a website between starting and
exiting his browser.
JSP Page Scopes: Application
The bean associated with the application scope will be accessible to all the users and all the pages
in the application.
Try It Out
Problem Statement:
Write a web application that has an index page, which takes username from the user.
If submitted, it has to call a servlet, which then calls another jsp. This jsp has to print
the username attached with the request.
System should retrieve the contact email configured as an init param for whole of the
application:
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Code:
Page Scopes Example
Username:
Password:
Index Page
How It Works:
The index.jsp calls the servlet mapped for the submit.do call. The servlet sets the
username as an attribute to the scopes request, session and application.
It then forwards the request to the output.jsp. It then prints the values from the different
scopes.
Summary
Request: An instance of HttpServletRequest
Response: An instance of HttpServletResponse
Out: An instance of JspWriter
session: An instance of HttpSession
Config: An instance of ServletConfig
Application: An instance of ServletContext
Page: An instance of object
pageContext: An instance of PageContext
Exception: An instance of Throwable.
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Test your Understanding
1. What do you understand by JSP Page Scopes?
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Session 18: JSP Static and Dynamic Inclusions
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
Explain JSP Static and Dynamic Inclusions
Static Inclusions
It can be done using the "include" directive.
Dynamic Inclusions
It can be done using the action tag
Example:
< jsp:include page="included.html"/>
Try It Out
Problem Statement:
Write an index page that includes a header page and a proverb page. The proverb page follows
the header and it displays a proverb, which changes every one hour. The header contains the
name and a logo.
The page should be able to display the header as well as the dynamic proverb page
Code:
Proverb:
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Summary
This session gives an overview of JSP static and dynamic inclusions.
If any of the contents in the jsp page is dynamic, use dynamic includes. In other
conditions static includes helps improve systems performance.
Test your Understanding
1. What are JSP static and dynamic inclusions?
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Session 21: Java Beans with JSP Scriptlets
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
Explain Java Beans
JavaBeans
JavaBeans components are Java classes that can be easily reused and composed
together into applications.
Any Java class that follows certain design conventions can be a JavaBeans
component.
JavaServer Pages technology directly supports using JavaBeans components withJSP language elements.
You can easily create and initialize beans and get and set the values of their
properties.
JavaBeans Component Design Conventions:
JavaBeans component design conventions govern the properties of the class and govern the
public methods that give access to the properties.
JavaBeans Component property:
A JavaBeans component property can be:
Read/write, read-only, or write-only.
Simple, which means it contains a single value, or indexed, which means it represents
an array of values..
For each readable property, the bean must have a method of the form:
PropertyClass getProperty() { ... }
For each writable property, the bean must have a method of the form:
setProperty(PropertyClass pc) { ... }
Syntax:
One of the ways to set JavaBeans component properties in a JSP page is using a scriptlet.
Retrieving JavaBeans Component Properties:
Example:
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Try It Out
Problem Statement:
Create a jsp named beanscriptlet.jsp and a bean class named Student.java with accessor methods
for name and id.Set the instance variables of the bean class and then get the variables from the
stored request attributes and display in the browser.
Code:
public class Student{
String id = "";
String name = "";
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getId() { return id; }
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
Acessing Bean Class Using Scriplet
The Name and Id of the Students are
Name :
Id :
How It Works:
The values for the instance variables are set and stored in the request attribute and the stored
request attributes are later retrieved using scriptlet and then displayed
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Summary
JavaBeans components are Java classes that can be easily reused and composed
together into applications.
Any Java class that follows certain design conventions can be a JavaBeans
component.
JavaServer Pages technology directly supports using JavaBeans components with
JSP language elements.
You can easily create and initialize beans and get and set the values of their
properties.
Test your Understanding
1. What is a JSP Bean Class?
2. How can you access Bean class from JSP using scriplet?
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Session 22: Java Beans with JSP Actions
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
Access Java Beans using JSP actions
Java Beans and JSP
JavaServer Pages technology directly supports using JavaBeans components with
JSP language elements.
You can easily create and initialize beans and set the values of their properties.
Creating and Using a JavaBeans Component:
JSP page will use a JavaBeans component, using either one of the following formats:
or
.
Setting JavaBeans Component Properties:
Syntax:
Retrieving JavaBeans Component Properties:
Syntax:
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Code:
Acessing Bean Class Using JSP Action
The Name and Id of the Students are
Name :
Id :
package com.cts;
public class Student{
String id = "";
String name = "";
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getId() { return id; }
public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
How It Works:
The bean has to be compiled and the class file has to be present in the classpath.
Start the Tomcat server. Access the Beanaction.jsp page from the browser.
The JSP actions aids users develop scripless pages, which is easy in terms of
maintaining and is easily readable.
Summary
JSP technology directly supports using JavaBeans components with JSP language
elements.
You can easily create and initialize beans and set the values of their properties.
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Test your Understanding
1. What is a JSP Bean Class?
2. How can you access Bean class from JSP using JSP Action?>
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References
Websites
https://cis.med.ucalgary.ca/https/java.sun.com/j2ee/1.3/docs/tutorial/doc/JSPIntro11.ht
ml
Books
Head First Servlets and JSP
SCWCD Exam Study Kit
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STUDENT NOTES: