Journal homepage:

Received on 17th

July 2020 Revised on 12th

August 2020 Accepted on 26th

August 2020 Published on 30th

September 2020

BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 2020 02(02) 24 - 34

NCRI Press

Available online wwwncribjareorg

ISSN 2695-2122 e-ISSN 2695-2114

DOI httpsdoiorg1035849BJARE202002007

Journal homepage wwwncribjareorg

Research Article

Germplasm Evaluation and Crossability in Some Selected Okra Accessions

Jibung G G1 Manggoel W2 and Shaahu A3 1Department of Crop Production Technology Plateau State College of Agriculture Garkawa

2Department of Agricultural Technology Plateau State College of Agriculture Garkawa 3National Cereals Research Institute Badeggi Nigeria

Correspondence e-mail wmanggoelgmailcom _________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract Nigeria is one of the largest producers of okra however the genetic improvement of the crop has not been

intensive in the country In this study 52 okra accessions were characterized in 2018 and 11 selected accessions

were assessed for crossability in 2019 The two studies were carried out at the Teaching and Research Field

Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi The okra accessions were grown in a Randomized Complete Block

Design with three replicates The 11 parental lines were crossed in a Line x Tester Mating Design Data were

recorded on growth and yield parameters among the germplasm and number of successful crosses was recorded

for the crossability study Significant variations were observed in the growth and yield parameters except for

pod girth (PG) The pod yields of the accessions coded 328-B (7740g) 359 (590g) Lafia (470g) 396 (42667g)

297 (38067g) 304 (37767g) 376 (372g) Zuru (40033g) and 361 (36433g) were higher than the population

mean (24317g) The highest percentage success (933) was recorded in crosses between accessions 304 and

326 This was followed by a cross between 396 and 326 which recorded 900 crossing success Mean number

of seeds per pod was highest (122 seeds) for the cross between 396 and 326This was followed by cross 396 x

452 and 297 x 326 with the same number of seeds (108) per pod The observed adequate variability and high

percentage of successful crosses (680-933) among the okra accessions evaluated could be exploited for the

improvement of okra in Nigeria

Keywords Accessions Characterization Crossability Hybridization Okra

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

copy 2020 National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) Nigeria all rights reserved ______________________________________________________

Introduction

The cultivated okra (Abelmoschus spp) is a

popular vegetable crop in the tropical and

subtropical regions of the world (Bisht and

Bhat 2006) Okra commonly called ladyrsquos

finger belongs to the family Malvaceae The

crop is thought to have been originated from

AfricaAsia where it spreads to America

Europe and other countries (Mohammad et al

2013 Kishor et al 2016) Okra is grown in

different parts of the world especially the

tropical and subtropical countries (Kumar and

Screeparvathy 2010) Okra is produced on a

large scale in Africa particular Nigeria Egypt

Ghana and Sudan (FAOSTAT 2010) Okra

has a complete diploid set of chromosomes

derived from each parent with varieties

displaying a tremendous variation in plant size

shape fruit type and colour (Siemonsma

1982) It is a fibrous herbaceous-semi-woody

annual with an indeterminate growth habit

Okra has a deep taproot system with dense

shallow roots The stems grow up to the height

of 3m for dwarf varieties and 7m ndash 8m for the

tall types (Anusheel 2015) The leaves are

dark green Flowers usually emerge after 35 ndash

Jibung et al (2020)

BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 2020 02(02) 24 - 34

25

60 days after emergence for early maturity

types and remain open from morning to early

afternoon (Nonnecke 1989) It is mostly self-

fertilized but about 4-19 cross pollination

usually occurs Anthesis takes place at dawn

and the flower remains open all morning and

closes by noon or early afternoon Fruits are

pale green green or purple in colour and when

matured the fruits turned to dark brown colour

(Hamon et al 1991) The matured fruit

becomes fibrous and splits longitudinally in

five parts showing 5 rows of seeds with 50 ndash

100 seeds per fruit (Norman 1992) Fresh okra

fruits are normally processed and consumed as

soups or salads (Akanbi et al 2010 Daniela et

al 2012) The fruits of Okra contain digestible

fibre fat-free content and low calories (Kumar

and Screeparvathy 2010) The use of Okra

fruits for soups and stews thickening is

because of its mucilaginous and tender-texture

nature (Ijoyah and Dyer 2012 Das et al

2013) Okra fruits contain 97 carbohydrate

861 water 10 fibre 02 fats and 22

protein (Saifullah and Rabbani 2010)

The collection and evaluation of okra

germplasm for assessment of genetic diversity

is an essential part of its genetic resources

utilization (Olaoye et al 2009) The genetic

diversity indicates the variability in different

crop species and hence it links with accession

identification which is important in gene bank

management (Bello et al 2012) The

improvement in plant breeding scheme

depends on high genetic differences in the

population and the magnitude of inheritance of

favorable attributes (Olawuyi et al 2015)

Many okra hybridsvarieties are being grown

by farmers but high yielding varieties with

desirable attributes are not readily available in

Nigeria (Anusheel 2015) This is as a result of

lack of organized germplasm with adequate

variability Artificial hybridization is a

conventional breeding method that involves

crossing of different genotypes in order to

introduce variability for a desirable trait

(Sharma 1994) The present studies were

therefore carried out to characterize and assess

crossability among some selected okra

accessions in Nigeria

Materials and Methods

The two studies were carried out at the Teaching

and Research Farm (070 41

ꞌ N and 08

0 37

ꞌ E

1064m asl) of the Federal University of

Agriculture Makurdi

Fifty-two (52) okra accessions used for the studies

were made up of 42 accessions obtained from

National Centre for Genetic Resources and

Biotechnology (NACGRAB) Ibadan and 10

accessions collected from farmers in five states

(Benue Nasarawa Plateau Kebbi and Borno

States) in Nigeria (Table 1) The accessions were

evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block

Design with three replicates during the 2018

rainy season Inter-row and intra-row spacing

were 60cm and 40cm respectively Three seeds

were planted per hole and later thinned to one

seedling per hole at 2 weeks after emergence

Weeding was done manually and insect pests

were controlled using cypermethrin available as

Beatreg 80 ai EC at the rate of 4mlslitre of

water NPK 151515 fertilizer was applied at the

rate of 100 Kgha Data were recorded on plant

height number of branches by plant number of

leaves per plant (at maturity) Days to first

flowering Days to fifty percent flowering Days

to harvestable fruits number of pods per plant

pod length pod weight number of seeds per pod

and hundred seed weight The data were subjected

to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the

significant means were separated using the Least

Significant Difference (Steel and Torrie 1987

Obi 2006)

The crossability study was carried out in the 2019

cropping season The parental materials for the

study were selected from the germplasm

evaluated in 2018 Eleven parents were selected

based on their yield performance Best

performing accessions were used as lines while

low yield performing parents were used as testers

in line with the recommendation of Singh (2010)

The selected parents included accessions 333

396 303 359 Zuru 297 304 and Awe (used as

females) and 348 326 and 452 used as males

(Table 2) Seeds of the male and female parents

were sown in the crossing blocks during the rainy

season and crosses were made using Line x

Tester mating design Synchronization of

flowering was achieved by different sowing dates

Jibung et al (2020)

BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 2020 02(02) 24 - 34

26

at an interval of two weeks A total of 24 hybrids

were developed by crossing the 8 female parents

(Lines) with each of the 3 males (testers) The

flower buds of the female parents were selected

on the previous evening prior to anthesis Flower

buds of the female parents were emasculated

using forceps (sterilized in 70 ethanol) and

covered with paper bags to avoid outcrossing

Pollination was done between 600am and

1000am in the next day after the emasculation

After pollination the female flower buds were

covered again with paper bags to avoid

contamination and tagged with the details of the

parents and date of pollination During

harvesting crossed and selfed fruits were

harvested separately at full maturity The number

of crosses made was recorded per day and

number of failed crosses was recorded 3 days

after crossing At maturity 5 pods were randomly

selected from each of the crosses and their selfed

fruits The number of seeds per pod was counted

and their means were computed Data were

computed in percentages to determine the total

percentage of fruits set and that of failed crosses

accordingly The fruit set percentage of each

cross was calculated according to the formula

suggested by Nunekpeku et al (2012)

FS () = NFF x 100

NFP

Where

FS () = Fruit set percentage (Number of

successful crosses in percentage

NFF = Number of fruits formed (Number of

successful crosses)

NFP = Number of flowers pollinated (Total

number of crosses made)

Results and Discussion

The study showed that the okra accessions

evaluated differed significantly (plt005) for

most of the quantitative traits assessed (Table

3) The mean values for plant height (PH)

number of leaves per plant (NLP) and number

of branches per plant (NBP) ranged from

6400-24233cm (mean=14388cm) 1267-

6433 (mean= 3597) and 100-1200

(mean=477) respectively The okra accession

coded 361 took significantly longer period to

attend days to first flowering (DFF 10933

days) days to 50 flowering (D50F 11233

days) and days to harvestable pods (DHP

11900 days) The accession Zuru recorded

shorter periods for DFF (42 days) D50F (45

days) and DHP (4969 days) Number of

podsplant (NPP) pod length (PL) and

number of seedspod (NSP) also differed

significantly (plt005) These traits ranged

from 400-2767cm (mean = 830) for NPP

600 -1467cm (mean = 907cm) for PL and

7033-13167(mean = 10618) for mean NSP

Wide range of values were also observed for

mean pod weight (APW mean = 2971g

range= 1367-4880) and pod yieldplant

(PYP mean = 24317g range = 8833-

77400g) The wide range of variation for traits

implied substantial scope for improvement

Mohapatra et al (2007) and Thirupathi et al

(2012) reported wide variations in their

separate studies in some okra accessions in the

guinea savannah ecology

Differences in vegetative traits (PH NLP and

NBP) among the okra accessions did not

translate to corresponding differences in

reproductive traits However the okra

accession 328-B recorded longer period to

attend DFF (10700 days) D50F (10833

days) and DHP (11833 days) and its pod

yieldplant (74400g) was significantly

superior to all the other accessions Similarly

the accession Zuru took shorter days to attend

DFF D50F and DHP but recorded high

mean value (40833g) for PYP Mean pod

yieldplant of nineteen (19) varieties were

above the grand mean (24317g) Based on

their superior pod yields the 19 accessions out

yielded one another as 328-B gt 359 gt Lafia gt

396 gt 333 gt Zuru gt 297 gt 304 gt 376 gt 361 ge

372 gt Awe gt 303 gt Makurdi gt 301 gt 356-B gt

Bassa gt 371 gt 345

The existence of significant differences among

the okra accessions points to the fact that there

is a considerable variability among the

germplasm for the traits assessed The success

of any breeding programme depends on the

magnitude of variability present in the

germplasm The result of this study is in

agreement with the report of some earlier

workers (Anusheel 2015 Oyetunde and

Ariyo 2015) who reported significant

Jibung et al (2020)

BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 2020 02(02) 24 - 34

27

differences in vegetative and reproductive

traits of some okra genotypes Thirupathi et al

(2012) also reported significant differences for

pod traits among20 okra accessions studied

The percentage of success for all the crosses

made is presented in the Table 4 The cross

between accession 304 and 326 gave the

highest (933) success which was followed

by the cross between accession 396 and 326

(900) The cross with the least percentage

crossing success and fruit set was 297 x 348

(68) Similar results have been reported by

Prabu and Warade (2013) who obtained 100

followed by 96 successful crosses in some

okra accessions studied Successful crosses

between A esculentus and A tetraphyllus have

also been reported by Sheela (1994) Hamon et

al (1991) reported successful crosses between

A caillai and A esculentus in both direct and

reciprocal crosses attempted

The result of the study further revealed that

396 x 326 yielded the highest number (122) of

seeds per pod followed by 396 x 452 and 297 x

326 with the two crosses having 108 seeds per

pod each (Table 4) The least number (55) of

seedspod was obtained from Awe x 452 It

was also observed that the 100 seed weight of

the crosses ranged between 6g to 7g The

results of the crossability study generally

revealed a desirable combination which is an

indication to a prospect in the hybridization of

the okra lines The high crossing success

observed in this study might be attributed to

the level of compatibility in the number of

parental chromosomes and between the

embryo and the surrounding tissue as reported

by Prabu and Warade (2013)

Conclusion

The substantial variations and crossability

success observed in the okra germplasm used

in this study showed that the studied

accessions were good genetic materials for

okra improvement The high fruit set and

number of seeds per pod in most of the crosses

were good attributes associated with

considerable crossing success among the

accessions evaluated

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to acknowledge and

appreciate the National Centre for Genetic

Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB)

Ibadan for providing the okra germplasm used

for the research work We also appreciate the

authority of the Federal University of

Agriculture Makurdi for providing the

enabling environment for the conduct of the

experiments

References

Akanbi W B Togun A O Adeniran J A and

Ilupeju E A O (2010) Growth Dry

Matter and Fruit Yield Components of

Okra under Organic and Inorganic

Sources of Nutrients American-

Eurasian Journal of sustainable

Agriculture 4(1) 1 ndash 13

Anusheel M (2015) Study on Different

Genotypes of Okra (Abelmoschus

esculentus L Moench) on Growth Yield

and Quality Parameters Unpublished

MSc Thesis submitted to Department of

Horticulture Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia

Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya College of

Agriculture Indore (MP) India

Bello O B Abdulmaliq S Y Ige S A

Mahmood J Oluleye F Azeez M A

and Afolabi M S (2012) Evaluation of

Early and LateIntermediate Maize

Varieties for Grain Yield Potential and

Adaptation to a Southern Guinea

Savanna Agro-ecology of Nigeria

International Journal of Plant Research

2(2)14 ndash 21

Bisht I S and Bhat K V (2006) Okra

(Abelmoschus spp) In Genetic

Resources Chromosome Engineering

and Crop Improvement R J Singh

(Ed) CRC Press USA Vol3

Pp147-185 Daniela F Olivera A M Alicia R C

Rodolfo H M and Sonia Z V (2012)

Quality Attributes of Okra (Abelmoschus

esculentus L Moench) Pods as Affected

by Cultivar and Fruit Size Journal of

Food Research 1(4)224 ndash 235

Das S Chattopaclhyay A Chattopadhyay

S B Dutta S and Hazra P (2013)

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BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 2020 02(02) 24 - 34

28

Breeding Okra for Higher

Productivity and Yellow Vein Mosaic

Tolerance International Journal of

Vegetable Science 1958 ndash 77 FAOSTAT (2010) Economic and Social

Department The Statistics Division

Major Food and Agricultural

Commodities and Producers Retrieved

fromhttpfaostatfaoorgsite339defau

ltaspx

Hamon S Charier A Koehlin J Sloten D H

and Van S D H (1991) Potential

Improvement of Okra (Abelmoschus spp)

through the Study of IB Resources Plant

Genetic Resources News Letter No86 9-

15pp

Ijoyah M D and Dyer D M (2012)Yield

Performance of Okra (Abelmoschs

esculentus L Moench) and Maize (Zea

mays L) as Affected by Time of Planting

Maize in Makurdi Nigeria Agriculture

and Biological Journal of North

America 1(6)1328 ndash 1332

Kishor D S K Arya K J Yogeesh K

Vinod Y and Hee ndash Jong K (2016)

Genotypic Variation among Okra

(Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench)

Germplasm in South India Plant

Breeding and Biotechnology 4(2)234 ndash

241

Kumar P S and Screeparvathy S (2010)

Studies on Heterosis in Okra

(Abelmoschus esculentus L Moench)

Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding

1(6)1431 ndash 1433

Mohammad R S A Mohammad Z Klurram

M J Muhammad A Saeed I Q and

Aamir N (2013) Growth Yield and

Seed Production of Okra as Influenced

by Different Growth Regulators

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science

50(3)387 ndash 392

Mohapatra M R Acharyya P and Sengupta

S (2007) Variability and Association

Analysis in Okra Indian Agriculturist

51(1amp2)17 ndash 26

Nonnecke I L (1989) Vegetable

Production Van Nostrand Reinhold

AVI Publishing New York USA

Pp608-609

Norman J C (1992) Tropical Vegetable Crops

Arthur H Stockwell Ltd Ecms C

Francanbe Devon 252p

Nunekpeku W Amoatey H M Oduro V and

Klu G Y P (2012) Crossability Studies

in Cassava in the Coastal Savanna Zone

of Ghana Asian Journal of Agricultural

Sciences 4(4)236 ndash 241

Obi I U (2006) Statistical Methods of

Detecting Differences between Treatment

Means and Research Methodology Issues

in Laboratory and Field Experiments AP

Express Publishers Ltd Nsukka 117p

Olaoye G O B Bello L Olayiwola S and

Abubakar A Y (2009) Analysis of

Moisture Deficit Grain Yield Loss in

Drought Tolerant Maize (Zea mays L)

Germplasm Accessions and its

Relationship with Field Performance

African Journal of Biotechnology

8(14)3229 ndash 3238

Olawuyi O J Bello O B Ntube C V and

Akanmu A O (2015) Progress from

Selection of Some Maize Cultivars

Response to Drought in the Derived

Savannah of Nigeria Agrivita 37(1)8 ndash

17

Oyetunde O A and Ariyo O J (2015)

Genetics of Seed Yield and Related

Traits in Biparental Crosses of Okra

(Abelmoschus esculentus L Moench)

Nigerian Journal of Genetics 2966 ndash 81

Prabu T and Warade S D (2013) Crossability

Studies in Genus Abelmoschus

Vegetable Science 40(1)11 ndash 16

Saifullah M and Rabbani M G (2010) Studies

on the Association and Path Analysis in

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L

Moench) International Journal of

Sustainable Agricultural Technology

6(4)10 ndash 15

Sheela M N (1994) Inductum of Genetic

Recombination in Inter Specific Crosses

of Abelmoschus PhD Thesis submitted

to Kerala Agricultural University

Thrissur Pp13-17

Sharma J R (1994) Principles and Practice of

Plant Breeding Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Company Ltd New Delhi

India 55p

Siemonsma J S (1982) West African Okra-

Jibung et al (2020)

BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 2020 02(02) 24 - 34

29

Morphological and Cytological

Indications for the Existence of a Natural

Amphi-diploid of Abelmoschus

esculentuss (L) Moench and A Manihot

(L) Medikus Euphytica 31(1)241ndash 252

Singh B D (2010) Plant breeding Principles

and Methods Kalyani Publishers

Ludhiana New Delhi India 146P

Steel R G D and Torrie J H (1987)

Principles and Procedures of Statistics

A Biometric Approach McGraw Hill

Book Co Inc Singapore Pp172ndash178

Thirupathi R M Hari B K Ganesh M

Chandrasekhar R K Begum H P R

B and Narshimulu G (2012) Genetic

Variability Analysis for the Selection of

Elite Genotypes based on Pod Yield and

Quality from the Germplasm of Okra

(Alelmoschus esculentus L moench)

Journal of Agricultural Technology

8(2)639 ndash 655

Jibung et al (2020)

BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 2020 02(02) 24 - 34

30

Table1 Features and sources of the 52 okra accessions used for the study

SN

Okra

NameCode

Source Species Height Stem color Leaf vein

color

Pod color Texture

1 293 NACGRAB A caillei Tall Pale green Brown Green Hairy

A esculentus Short Red Red Red Smooth 297 2

A caillei Tall Red Red Green Hairy 298 3

A esculentus Short Red Red Red Smooth 301 4

A caillei Tall Red Red Red Hairy 302 5

A caillei Tall Black Black Black Hairy 303 6

A caillei Tall Red Red Green Smooth 304 7

A esculentus Short Green Green Green Smooth 322 8

A esculentus Short Red Red Green Smooth 326 9

10 328-B

A caillei Tall Red Red Green Smooth

A caillei Tall Red Red Green Hairy 332 11

A caillei Tall Green Red Light green Smooth 333 12

A caillei Tall Red Red Red Smooth 335 13

14 342-A

A esculentus Short Red Red Red Smooth

15 342-B

A caillei Tall Pale green Brown Green Smooth

16 343-A

A caillei Tall Red Red Green Hairy

A caillei Tall Red Red Red Smooth 345 17

18 346-A

A caillei Tall Pale green Brown Green Smooth

19 346-B

A caillei Tall Pale green Brown Green Smooth

A caillei Tall Red Red Green Smooth 348 20

A esculentus Shot Red Red Green Smooth 349 21

A caillei Tall Red Red Green Hairy 350 22

23 356-A

A esculentus Short Pale green Brown Green Smooth

24 356-B

Aesculentus Red Red Green Smooth

A caillei Tall Red Red Red Smooth 359 25

A esculentus Short Pale green Green Green Smooth 361 26

A caillei Tall Pale green Green Green Smooth 371 27

A esculentus Short Green Red Green Hairy 372 28

A esculentus Short Black Black Green Smooth 376 29

A caillei Tall Red Red Green Hairy 380 30

A esculentus Short Red Red Red Hairy 394 31

A caillei Tall Green Green Green Smooth 396 32

A caillei Tall Pale green Brown Green Smooth 452 33

A esculentus Short Red Red Green Smooth 454 34

Jibung et al (2020)

BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 2020 02(02) 24 - 34

31

Table 2 Selected parental lines used for crossability study in okra

SN ACC Species Ecological Zone Location of Collection Lat amp Long

Females

1 333 A caillai Rain Forest NACGRAB Ibadan 7037rsquoN3

094

rsquoE

2 396 A caillai Rain Forest ldquo ldquo 7037rsquoN3

094

rsquoE

3 303 A caillai Rain Forest ldquo ldquo 7037rsquoN 3

094

E

4 359 A esculentus Rain Forest ldquo ldquo 7037rsquoN 3

094

rsquoE

5 Zuru A esculentus Northern Guinea Zuru Kebbi State 11043rsquoN5

023rsquoE

6 297 A esculentus Rain Forest NACGRAB Ibadan 7037rsquoN3

094

rsquoE

7 304 A caillai Rain Forest ldquo ldquo 7037rsquoN 3

094

rsquo E

8 Awe A esculentus Southern Guinea Awe Nasarawa State 8011rsquo N9

014rsquoN

Males

9 348 A caillai Rain Forest NACGRAB Ibadan 7037rsquoN3

094rsquoE

10 326 A esculentus Rain Forest ldquo ldquo 7037rsquoN3

094rsquoE

11 452 A caillai Rain Forest ldquo ldquo 7037rsquoN3

094rsquoE

Acaillei Tall Red Red Green Smooth 463 35

A esculentus Short Green Green Green Smooth 466 36

A esculentus Short Red Red Red Hairy 467 37

A esculentus Short Red Red Red Smooth 469 38

A caillei Tall Green Green Green Hairy 490 39

A caillei Tall Red Red Green Smooth 507 40

A caillei Tall Brown Brown Green Hairy 514 41

A caillei Tall Pale green Brown Green Smooth 650 42

43 Abuja FCT Abuja A esculentus Tall Red Red Red Smooth

44 Awe Nassarawa State A esculentus Short Green Green Green Smooth

45 Bassa Plateau State A esculentus Tall Pale green Green Red Smooth

46 Biu Borno State A esculentus Short Red Red Green Smooth

47 Jos Plateau state A esculentus Tall Red Red Red Smooth

48 Lafia Nassarawa state A esculentus Short Black Black Green Smooth

49 Makurdi Benue state A esculentus Tall Pale green Green Green Hairy

50 Oju Benue state A esculentus Tall Black Black Green Hairy

51 Yawuri Kebbi state A esculentus Short Red Red Green Smooth

52 Zuru Kebbi state A esculentus Short Red Red Green Hairy

Jibung et al (2020)

BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 2020 02(02) 24 - 34

32

Table 3 Mean performance of the 52 okra accessions evaluated

SN ACC PH(cm) NLP NBP DFF D50F DHP NPP PL(cm) PG(cm) NSP APW(g) 100SWt (g) PYP (g)

1 293 22467 3133 233 7966 6000 10467 533 900 200 11869 2543 700 13533

2 297 11100 3933 467 5100 6733 6761 867 967 967 8213 3933 633 38067

3 298 23833 4033 400 10133 10267 10933 600 800 203 11400 2533 700 15200

4 301 10067 6200 1100 6433 6733 7167 833 967 200 8700 3380 600 30667

5 302 21067 3037 300 7733 8567 8700 467 700 200 11333 2233 567 11167

6 303 21967 1800 100 5833 6667 7033 667 1267 203 11133 4880 733 32500

7 304 12933 5400 1200 9767 10000 10767 2767 700 180 8367 1367 633 37767

8 322 8400 4800 633 7167 7567 7700 700 700 226 13333 2867 667 20000

9 326 7500 3400 367 9400 9733 10500 533 733 150 9767 1713 661 9133

10 328-B 18200 3633 833 10700 10833 11833 2700 900 200 8967 3633 600 77400

11 332 24233 3700 400 10000 10567 11000 567 833 210 11700 2300 700 13000

12 333 14833 6433 900 8600 9867 9933 1433 967 193 8667 2673 700 41767

13 335 19500 3733 567 7433 8433 9533 700 800 216 12267 3186 733 22267

14 342A 8767 4233 367 5800 6900 6967 700 867 173 11167 2946 633 2067

15 342B 16267 1733 100 4367 4767 5367 900 867 163 10633 2567 633 23233

16 343A 23933 2733 167 10033 10333 10900 800 800 167 14733 1633 700 13333

17 345 21533 4300 633 7233 7667 7867 800 800 186 13367 3167 700 25567

18 346-A 13333 4067 567 8033 8733 10233 667 700 200 11133 1910 700 13000

19 346-B 13833 3633 333 7533 7967 8667 767 700 200 12733 2667 667 20667

20 348 13533 3733 233 9700 10400 11867 567 700 167 10767 1533 633 8833

21 349 11800 3133 500 5267 6467 6500 633 933 206 11467 3467 667` 22233

22 350 22500 4100 833 9033 10333 10567 633 800 210 11867 2167 733 13667

23 356-A 8400 4733 833 6033 6900 7133 667 967 196 11267 3533 633 21800

24 356-B 7767 3167 400 6933 7033 7133 700 967 200 11133 4200 667 29433

25 359 15200 4067 633 5767 6433 6700 1500 1033 196 12233 3933 567 59000

26 361 12500 3967 600 10933 11233 11900 1767 933 250 9400 3367 600 36433

27 371 17067 3933 433 7133 7533 8300 800 900 195 12433 3200 667 25867

28 372 7400 2900 433 10033 10267 10733 533 600 203 8700 1867 600 36433

29 376 12333 3033 333 10700 11000 11633 1667 1067 200 11100 2233 700 37200

30 380 21900 3433 367 7733 8133 8500 533 733 170 9900 1867 700 9900

31 394 7100 2533 367 5200 6000 6467 667 967 206 9433 3600 567 24000

32 396 21867 2967 317 5100 5933 6267 1000 1100 203 10367 4067 600 42667

33 452 21567 3633 300 9400 10267 10767 500 800 196 13167 1967 600 9900

34 454 6700 3533 467 9967 10200 11000 767 833 183 10567 3000 700 23100

35 463 15400 2367 233 4733 5433 5733 633 1067 186 8300 3033 700 19233

36 466 8133 3600 533 6600 7100 7500 567 900 190 9867 2867 667 16233

37 467 8533 2333 267 5800 6933 7067 500 120 190 9600 3500 600 17600

38 469 8900 2800 233 7567 7933 7933 500 833 193 10033 3167 600 15833

Jibung et al (2020)

BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 2020 02(02) 24 - 34

33

39 490 24000 3100 333 7900 8267 8767 533 800 183 12867 2433 733 13100

40 507 16600 2500 300 7400 8000 8300 433 1033 206 9700 3667 567 15900

41 514 20733 3433 467 8367 9900 10033 400 733 203 10233 2533 667 10133

42 650 9833 3900 700 4700 4967 5567 633 900 200 10300 2933 633 18567

43 Abuja 14133 2367 400 5500 7500 7569 533 900 200 12833 3233 600 17633

44 Awe 7967 4967 767 5200 6200 6267 1100 1033 110 8833 3167 600 35067

45 Bassa 17467 3267 267 7300 8000 8633 933 967 213 7033 2900 633 27300

46 Bius 7800 4337 633 6467 7200 7300 500 967 203 12833 3333 633 16300

47 Jos 8033 3867 567 4967 6800 6867 433 967 193 10667 3267 600 14200

48 Lafia 13500 4500 700 6100 7067 8267 1533 900 230 7733 3067 500 47000

49 Makurdi 14767 4233 500 6200 6667 7067 667 1133 240 11800 4633 633 30900

50 Oju 17633 3733 433 10733 10833 115 433 900 283 11800 3867 600 16800

51 Yawuri 6400 3667 633 6600 6800 7200 733 10333 167 11433 2900 567 12467

52 Zuru 6933 1267 100 4200 4500 4967 1167 1467 140 11000 3433 667 40833

Grand

Mean

14388 3597 477 7395 8011 8545 830 907 211 10618 2971 644 24317

F-LSD

(plt005)

5323 112 196 530 573 583 111 078 NS 6283 196 072 3983

PH=Plant height (cm) NLP=number of leavesplant NBP=number of branchesplant DFF=days to first flowering D50F=days to fifty percent flowering DHP=days to

harvestable pods NPP=number of podsplant PL=Pod length (cm) PG=Pod girth (cm) APW=Average Pod weight (g) NSP=number of seedspod 100SWt=hundred seed

weight (g) PYP=Pod YieldPlant (g) ns= Not significant (plt005)

Jibung et al (2020)

BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 2020 02(02) 24 - 34

34

Table 4 Percentage of successful crosses and seed parameters of the 11 selected okra parental lines

SN Attempted

Crosses

Total No

of Crosses

No of successful

crosses

Percenta

ge ()

success

No of

failed

crosses

Percentage

() failed

crosses

Seeds

Pods

100 seed

weight (g)

1 333 x 348 27 23 852 4 148 65 6

2 333 x 326 24 21 875 3 125 60 7

3 333 x 452 26 22 846 4 184 68 6

4 396 x 348 23 14 826 4 174 91 6

5 396 x 326 20 18 900 2 100 122 7

6 396 x 452 24 21 875 3 125 108 7

7 303 x 348 27 22 815 5 185 80 6

8 303 x 326 22 19 864 3 137 94 7

9 303 x 452 27 19 704 8 296 104 7

10 359 x 349 26 20 846 6 231 87 7

11 359 x 326 23 19 826 4 174 82 7

12 359 x 352 32 26 813 6 188 102 6

13 Zuru x 452 24 17 708 7 292 55 7

14 Zuru x 326 26 22 846 6 231 48 7

15 Zuru x 348 26 21 803 5 192 73 6

16 297 x 452 31 26 839 5 162 91 6

17 297 x 326 28 20 714 8 286 108 6

18 297 x 348 25 17 680 8 320 60 7

19 304 x 452 24 21 875 3 125 78 7

20 304 x 326 30 28 933 2 67 86 7

21 304 x 848 32 20 813 6 186 85 7

22 Awe x 452 15 10 733 8 332 55 7

23 Awe x 326 28 22 186 6 214 66 7

24 Awe x 348 24 17 709 7 292 63 7