Journal

Journal

• What were the four MAIN causes of WWI?

On a clean page: SWABAT!1. Identify the countries that fought for the Central

Powers and the Allied Powers in WWI

2. Define “total war”.

3. Explain how World War One was a total war.

4. Define “war of attrition”.

5. Explain how WWI was a war of attrition.

6. Describe the roles women played in WWI.

7. Identify new tactics & technologies used in WWI

8. Describe the human cost of WWI

The Spark!Assassination of Francis Ferdinand

• Austria-Hungry has a province of Bosnia.• Most Bosnians believe they should be

part of Serbia not Aust.-Hung• On a visit a Ferdinand was shot along

with his wife, in a car.This act leads to nations calling on their

alliances & mobilizing troops

2. How did this start a World War???

1. Who is this guy?

GavriloPrincipGavriloPrincip

The Spark causes a Chain Reaction

• Ger assured Aust.-Hng support (ally)

• Confident Aust-Hng gives ultimatum to Serb. and declares war.

• Rus steps in to help Serb (ally)

• Ger declares war on Rus

• Ger delcares war on Belguim (Bel) to get to France (Fr)

• Alliances go into full effect and Europe is engulfed in war

Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::

Italy switched before fighting began!

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Ottoman Empire

Great Britain

France

Russia

* SWABAT 1

•In a total war, the countries involved totally mobilize (call to action) all their available forces at home and abroad.

oMore people were involved in this war than in any previous conflict in world history!

•Total war often does not differentiate between civilians and soldiers so there are many civilian casualties.

•Countries wage the most destructive war possible

WWI was a “Total War”

*SWABAT 2

• Knock out the West before they are ready then speed to the East

A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War

• A military strategy accepting heavy casualties

• Trying to win a war simply by outlasting your opponents– You fight and refuse to give un until your

opponents run out of supplies, soldiers, and the will to fight

• In a war of attrition the side with the most resources (people, food, arms, financing, etc) usually wins.

WWI was a “War of Attrition”

*SWABAT 3

1. Summarize

Summarize your notes, by completing the first 5 SWABATs.

Assignment: The Lost Battalion

1. When fighting a war of attrition a country accepts ________________, but hopes to _____________________.

2. In the film “The Lost Battalion,” _________________________ showed that WWI as a war of attrition.

3. To win a war of attrition, you need to have _________________________.

Journal

* Get out your SpartsWrite*

To win a war of attrition you need money to spend on the military!

How? Bonds- essentially giving your government a loan with interest.

Recruitment Posters

Recruitment Posters

To win a war of attrition you need more soldiers than your enemy!

For RecruitmentFor Recruitment

Soldiers Mobilized

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

France Germany Russia Britain

Millions

Women played a crucial role in WWI!

• Women played a more significant role in this war than in any previous war in history– Nurses– Factory Workers– Farmers

Munitions WorkersMunitions Workers

French Women Factory Workers

French Women Factory Workers

German Women Factory Workers

German Women Factory Workers

Working in the FieldsWorking in the Fields

A Female Ambulance Driver

A Female Ambulance Driver

Red Cross NursesRed Cross Nurses

New tactics and technologies

The Western FrontThe Western Front

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

•War of attrition often leads to “stalemate”

•Battles would lead to very high casualties only for a few hundred yards

It is estimated that by theEnd of 1914 (the first Year of the war) the Allied and central powers Dug a combined total of6,520 miles of trenches!

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”

““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”

NEW TECHNOLOGY

The new technology of WWI made fighting much more deadly

BARBED WIRE

French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank

British Tank at YpresBritish Tank at Ypres

U-BoatsU-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-BoatsAllied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

“Squadron Over the Brenta”

Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

“Squadron Over the Brenta”

Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin

Verdun – February, 1916

Verdun – February, 1916

Each side had 500,000 casualties.Each side had 500,000 casualties.

The Somme – July, 1916

The Somme – July, 1916

• 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

• Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

• 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

• Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

Images of the the War

German Cartoon:“Fit for active service!”

1918

German Cartoon:“Fit for active service!”

1918

Journal

1. What is the message of the cartoon?

2. How does the cartoon explain how WWI was a total war?

3. What can you tell about how Germany was holding up by 1918?

• Last SWABAT!

Human Cost of the War

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies

50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died

50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died

World War I Total Casualties*World War I Total Casualties*

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000

Russia

Germany

Austria-HungaryFrance

Great Britain

Italy

Turkey

US

Approximately 36,500,000 combined casualties!

*Casualties = dead + wounded

9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDead9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDeadHow many Is 9 million?

6 x entire populationof Oregon!

112 x entirepopulationof Hillsboro!

6,000 xstudents atGlencoe!!!

Artof

WorldWar I

Artof

WorldWar I

Art is often an excellent way to examine what people were going through in different periods of human history- ART IS A MIRROR OF CULTURE, VALUES, AND EXPERIENCES!

“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918

“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918

John Nash, 1917John Nash, 1917

“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918

“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918

“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

1. America Enters the War:a) Def. Isolationism-

i. Why Isolationism?

b) The Lusitania:

c) The Zimmerman Note:

d) Wilson to Congress, 1917:

i. His message:

2. A Separate Peace:a) Between who?

i. Why?

3. Allied Victory:a) Border Changes/New nations (list):

b) Germany’s problems:

c) Outcome of the war:

THE GREAT WAR READING

Copy this outline and title on to a clean page.Skip about 2 lines between each item. Fill in the outlinewhile you read.

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

The Armistice is Signed!

The Somme American Cemetery, France

The Somme American Cemetery, France

116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died

• Answer your SWABATS!

SUMMARY

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians

A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians

Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey

1914 1922

Erzerum 215,000 1,500

Van 197,000 500

Kharbert 204,000 35,000

Diarbekir 124,000 3,000

Bitlis 220,000 56,000

Sivas 225,000 16,800

Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey

Western Anatolia 371,800 27,000

Cilicia and Northern Syria 309,000 70,000

European Turkey 194,000 163,000

Trapizond District 73,390 15,000

Total 2,133,190 387,800