Joshua Shervinski AE Thesis | Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Project Background Existing Conditions Design Objectives Mechanical Renovation Equipment Selection.

Joshua Shervinski

AE Thesis | Mechanical Option

Spring 2011

• Project Background• Existing Conditions• Design Objectives• Mechanical Renovation• Equipment Selection• Lighting Renovation• LEED v3• Payback Period• Final Recommendations

Introduction

Advisor: Dr. Stephen Treado

Wyalusing Valley Jr/Sr High School

AE Thesis | Mechanical Option

Spring 2011

• Project Background• Existing Conditions• Design Objectives• Mechanical Renovation• Equipment Selection• Lighting Renovation• LEED v3• Payback Period• Final Recommendations

Project Background

Building Footprint: 134,000sfLocation: Wyalusing, PAStories: 1 FloorRenovation Cost: $1.6 MillionConstruction: Nov. 2006 - June 2008

Owner: Wyalusing Valley School DistrictArchitect: Crabtree Rohrbaugh & AssociatesEngineering: Centerpoint EngineeringStructural Engineer: Andrew DoumaM/E Engineer: William Deloache

Joshua Shervinski

Joshua Shervinski

AE Thesis | Mechanical Option

Spring 2011

Existing Conditions

• Oil-Fired Hot Water Boiler• 10,000 MBH capacity• 45,000 gallons of heating oil per year

• Small Cooling Load• Not in use during summer months

• Large Lighting Load• 62% of entire building load

• Project Background• Existing Conditions• Design Objectives• Mechanical Renovation• Equipment Selection• Lighting Renovation• LEED v3• Payback Period• Final Recommendations

Water to Air Heat Exchangers

• 12 Air Handlers • Cafeteria, 2 Gymnasiums,

Library

• 48 Cabinet Unit Heaters• Corridors and Lobbies

• 66 Unit Ventilators• Classrooms

• 3 Rooftop Units• Auditorium, Clerical, PC Lab• Supplies spaces that require

cooling• 42 ton combined capacity

Trane Trace Generated Values

Wilkes Barre/ Scranton Airport

Summer Winter

DB WB DBSetpoint 75°F 65°F 72°F Outdoor 89°F 72°F 3.5°F

ASHRAE Design Temperatures

Hot Water Supply and Returns

Joshua Shervinski

AE Thesis | Mechanical Option

Spring 2011

Design Objectives

WVSDs Goals

• To save $ spent on heating oil by using cheaper fuel

• Switch to a more sustainable fuel

• Include enough heating capacity for both high school and future adjacent elementary school with estimated heating and lighting loads 85% that of the high school

• Take advantage of state grants for financial assistance

• Project Background• Existing Conditions• Design Objectives• Mechanical Renovation• Equipment Selection• Lighting Renovation• LEED v3• Payback Period• Final Recommendations

Thesis Goals

• Reduce electricity usage from grid• Reduce lighting load• Use efficient combined heat and power strategy to

supply some of the demand• Save more $ for owner

Image from www.epa.gov/chp/

Joshua Shervinski

AE Thesis | Mechanical Option

Spring 2011

Mechanical RenovationCurrently Installed

• WVSD opted to install a green-chip biomass boiler• 10,000 MBH capacity• Heats hot water to 180°F

• New building for boiler and fuel storage• Includes water closets and concession stands for sporting events• 12,500 square feet

• Total Cost: $1.6 million• $310 thousand paid for by Energy Harvest Grant

• Project Background• Existing Conditions• Design Objectives• Mechanical Renovation• Equipment Selection• Lighting Renovation• LEED v3• Payback Period• Final Recommendations

Proposed Renovation

• Biomass steam boiler to supply steam for CHP• 10,000MBH boiling capacity

• Grid-tie system to take advantage of net metering

• Reduced heating capacity• 8,350 MBH from heat exchanger to building

• Increase building size to accommodate for new equipment• 11% increase in floor area

Joshua Shervinski

AE Thesis | Mechanical Option

Spring 2011

Equipment Selection

• Size based on peak heating load• 8,350 MBH

• Bell & Gossett GPXTM gasketed plate heat exchanger

• Turbine/Generator Sizing• Using Dresser-Rand steam calculator• 150kw output• 1,000 MBH converted to electricity

• Project Background• Existing Conditions• Design Objectives• Mechanical Renovation• Equipment Selection• Lighting Renovation• LEED v3• Payback Period• Final Recommendations

Biomass Steam Boiler

• Manufactured by Advanced Recycling Equipment

• 10,000 MBH capacity

• Heats steam to 150psia/370°F for turbine

• Minimal cooling load negates feasibility of installing cooling tower

Heat Exchanger

Flow Rate

Temp. in

Temp. out

Water Side 550 GPM 150°F 180°F

Steam Side 8,350 PPH 249°F 226°F

Joshua Shervinski

AE Thesis | Mechanical Option

Spring 2011

Lighting Renovation

• Project Background• Existing Conditions• Design Objectives• Mechanical Renovation• Equipment Selection• Lighting Renovation• LEED v3• Payback Period• Final Recommendations

Current Lighting Loads

• Vast majority of electricity is used for lighting• Just over 900,000kWh used for lighting

• Current lamps used in the majority of the school are fluorescent T8’s • Manufactured by Cooper • 32 Watts to produce 2,850 Lumens• Good efficacy of 89

•After analyzing spaces, many rooms are over-lit• Foot-candles calculated as high as 180• Classrooms require 50fc, possibly only 30fc

Estimated Campus Energy Demand

Replacement Lighting

•New LED technology includes T8 retrofits

• Chinese Manufacturer• 16 Watts to produce 1,800 Lumens• Better efficacy of 113• Determine which space can apply retrofit lamps• 169 rooms can replace T8s, up to 3,445 lamps• Total reduction of 362,000 kWh electricity per year in high

school• 40% decrease in total lighting demand

Joshua Shervinski

AE Thesis | Mechanical Option

Spring 2011

LEED v3

Energy & Atmosphere Section

• Both renovations earn seven points by using an approved fuel (biomass) and generating at least 13% of its energy

• Neither systems address the poor energy performance of the high school, complete advanced commissioning

• Neither renovation addresses refrigeration management• Global Warming Potential is 13% too

high

• Steam generated power only earns CHP two points

• Project Background• Existing Conditions• Design Objectives• Mechanical Renovation• Equipment Selection• Lighting Renovation• LEED v3• Payback Period• Final Recommendations

Point Summary

EA Credit Opportunity Max Points

Available

Points Earned

(Hot Water)

Points

Earned

(Steam)

% Earned

Optimize Energy

Performance

19 0 0 0%

On-site Renewable

Energy

7 7 7 100%

Enhanced

Commissioning

2 0 0 0%

Enhanced Refrigerant

Management

2 0 0 0%

Measurement and

Verification

3 0 0 0%

Green Power 2 0 2 0%/100%

Total 35 7 9 20%/26%

Joshua Shervinski

AE Thesis | Mechanical Option

Spring 2011

Payback Period• LED T8 replacements are $69 per lamp when

ordering 100• Each lamp saves $11.66 per year in electricity• Pay for themselves in 5.5 years• When all lamps are installed in high school, yearly savings of

$40,200 per year

• Initial cost of renovation estimated using RS Means 2011• Construction Management breadth work• Mechanical equipment installation costs• Cost to increase building size by 11%

• Applicable grants to pay for over 50% of initial cost

• Pennsylvania Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard• 1 REC for every 1,000 kWh generated using approved

fuels/methods• Earns 576 RECs for generated electricity and 269 RECs for

heating• RECs are sold via brokers at a fluctuating market price

• Project Background• Existing Conditions• Design Objectives• Mechanical Renovation• Equipment Selection• Lighting Renovation• LEED v3• Payback Period• Final Recommendations

Installed Mechanical Equipment 370,270Building Size Increase 56,700First 100 LED Lamps 6,900Additional Initial Cost 433,870

PA Alternative & Clean Energy 213,285Penelec Sust. Energy Fund 25,000Grant Savings 238,285

Additional Upfront Building Cost 195,585

Savings from 100 LEDs 1,166

Savings from Electricity Generation 53,366

Renewable Energy Credits 4,030

Yearly Payback 58,562

Estimated Payback Timeframe3 years 4

months

Joshua Shervinski

AE Thesis | Mechanical Option

Spring 2011

Final RecommendationsProposal Evaluation

• LED retrofit lamps are cost effective and eliminates a large portion of electricity load

• Generating electricity using biomass fuel in CHP application is cheaper than grid and has shorter payback than standard biomass boiler

• Site energy usage discussed, source energy reduction even greater• Estimated source energy used by campus: 6,693,428 kWh• After CHP and LED reductions: 4,109,262kWh• Almost 40% less source energy used for campus

• Project Background• Existing Conditions• Design Objectives• Mechanical Renovation• Equipment Selection• Lighting Renovation• LEED v3• Payback Period• Final Recommendations

Energy Savings

Joshua Shervinski

AE Thesis | Mechanical Option

Spring 2011

Appreciation

Where Credit Is Due

• Special thanks to Mom and Dad• You’ve supported, encouraged, and pushed me to be my

best

• All of my friends• For all the love and the best of times

• All of the Professionals who took the time to help me• For all the valuable advice and patience with my learning

• God for always being there• Even with all of my imperfections

• Project Background• Existing Conditions• Design Objectives• Mechanical Renovation• Equipment Selection• Lighting Renovation• LEED v3• Payback Period• Final Recommendations