JOSEPH NILSEN Physicist, AX Division, Weapons and Complex ... · JOSEPH NILSEN 11. Joseph Nilsen, "Dielectronic recombination rate coefficients for hydrogen-like ions," J. Quant.

JOSEPH NILSEN Physicist, AX Division, Weapons and Complex Integration Department Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-38, Livermore, CA 94551-0808 Tel: (925) 422-4766; Fax: (925) 422-8040; Email: [email protected]; Citizenship: USA EDUCATION

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Pasadena, California Ph. D. in Physics, June 1982

Thesis Topic: Phase Conjugation via Four-Wave Mixing in a Resonant Medium Thesis Advisor: Professor Amnon Yariv

M. S. in Physics, June 1979

CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, New York B. S. in Engineering Physics, May 1977

WORK EXPERIENCE

LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY, Livermore, California Physicist, AX Division

Leader of Material Properties effort, December 2011 - present Leader of Major Technical Effort 4.1, June 2001 – October 2011 Responsibilities include the design of short wavelength lasers and the study of nonequilibrium radiation phenomena, atomic physics, high temperature plasmas, inertial confinement fusion capsules, and nonlinear optics. Invented and demonstrated the world's shortest wavelength, highest energy laser. Showed effect of hyperfine splitting on X-ray laser performance. Developed prepulse and multipulse techniques which have resulted in the demonstration of many new low-Z neon-like and nickel-like X-ray lasers that never lased using standard laser techniques. June 1982-present.

Physicist, Special Studies Group Designed and constructed an experiment to demonstrate optical cooling in an atomic beam of sodium. Summer and part time 1978-1979. Demonstrating an ultrahigh-Q isotropically sensitive optical filter as part of the Advanced Blue-Green Electro-Optics Project for the Office of Naval Research. Summer 1977.

HONORS and AWARDS 2011 Elected Fellow of the Optical Society of America (OSA) 2010 Excellence in Publication Award at LLNL 2010 Selected as Senior Member of the Optical Society of America (OSA) 2010 Defense Programs Award of Excellence from Department of Energy 2002 LDRD feasibility grant from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 2002 Collaborative Research Grant from North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 2000 Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) 1998 Technical Excellence in Weapons Science Award from Department of Energy 1995 Collaborative Research Grant from North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

JOSEPH NILSEN

1991 Individual IR&D grant from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 1977-1982 Fannie and John Hertz Foundation Fellow at Caltech

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS Optical Society of America (Fellow and Senior Member) American Physical Society (Fellow)

PATENTS 1. Joseph Nilsen, "Resonantly Photo-Pumped Nickel-Like Erbium X-ray Laser," U. S. Patent

4,977,572 issued December 11, 1990. 2. Joseph Nilsen, "X-ray Laser," U. S. Patent 5,003,544 issued March 26, 1991. 3. Joseph Nilsen, "Vanadium-Pumped Titanium X-Ray Laser," U. S. Patent 5,117,432 issued

May 26, 1992. PUBLICATIONS 1. Joseph Nilsen and Jack Marling, "Oscillator strengths of the first forbidden lines of

rubidium," J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 20, 327 (1978). 2. Joseph Nilsen and Amnon Yariv, "Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing applied to optical

filters," Appl. Opt. 18, 143 (1979). 3. J. B. Marling, J. Nilsen, L. C. West, and L. L. Wood, "An ultrahigh-Q isotropically

sensitive optical filter employing atomic resonance transitions," J. Appl. Phys. 50, 610 (1979).

4. Joseph Nilsen and Amnon Yariv, "Nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a Doppler-broadened resonant medium," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 71, 180 (1981).

5. Joseph Nilsen, Natalie S. Gluck, and Amnon Yariv, "Narrowband optical filter via phase conjugation by nondegenerate four-wave mixing in sodium vapor," Opt. Lett. 6, 380 (1981).

6. Joseph Nilsen and Amnon Yariv, "A tunable narrowband optical filter via phase conjugation by nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a Doppler-broadened resonant medium," Opt. Comm. 39, 199 (1981).

7. Mark Cronin-Golomb, Baruch Fischer, Joseph Nilsen, Jeffrey O. White, and Amnon Yariv, "Laser with dynamic holographic intracavity distortion correction capability," Appl. Phys. Lett. 41, 219 (1982).

8. Joseph Nilsen and Amnon Yariv, "Nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a homogeneously broadened two-level system with saturating pump waves," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-18, 1947 (1982).

9. Sam Dalhed, Joseph Nilsen, and Peter Hagelstein, "Dielectronic recombination rate coefficients for neon-like ions," Phys. Rev. A 33, 264 (1986).

10. Joseph Nilsen, "Dielectronic recombination rate coefficients for helium-like ions," J. Phys. B 19, 2401 (1986).

JOSEPH NILSEN

11. Joseph Nilsen, "Dielectronic recombination rate coefficients for hydrogen-like ions," J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 36, 539 (1986).

12. Joseph Nilsen, "Dielectronic satellite spectra for hydrogen-like ions," Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 37, 191 (1987).

13. Joseph Nilsen, "Dielectronic satellite spectra for helium-like ions," Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 38, 339 (1988).

14. Joseph Nilsen, "Radiative-Hydro Modeling and Atomic Data Bases," AIP Conference Proceedings 168 - Atomic Processes in Plasmas, edited by Allan Hauer and A. L. Merts (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1988), pp. 51- 58

15. Joseph Nilsen, "Resonant photoionization for sodium-like selenium," Phys. Rev. A 38, 2167 (1988).

16. Joseph Nilsen, "Dielectronic satellite spectra for neon-like ions," Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 41, 131 (1989).

17. Joseph Nilsen, "A 33 Angstrom laboratory X-ray laser," Opt. Comm. 72, 371 (1989). 18. Joseph Nilsen, "Resonantly photo-pumped Ni-like Er X-ray laser," Phys. Rev. A 40, 5440

(1989). 19. Joseph Nilsen, U. I. Safronova, and M. S. Safronova, "Z-dependences of the atomic

characteristics for selected 2l4l’ states," J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 43, 445 (1990).

20. Joseph Nilsen, "A Ne-like Cu laser resonantly photo-pumped by a He-like Mg line," Opt. Comm. 78, 51 (1990).

21. Joseph Nilsen, "A Vanadium-pumped Titanium X-ray Laser," Opt. Lett. 15, 798 (1990). 22. Joseph Nilsen, "New resonantly photo-pumped X-ray laser schemes," in Short Wavelength

Lasers and Their Applications, pp. 65 - 82, V. V. Korobkin and M. Yu. Romanovsky eds., Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York (1992).

23. T. Boehly, M. Russotto, R. S. Craxton, R. Epstein, B. Yaakobi, L. B. Da Silva, J. Nilsen, E. A. Chandler, D. J. Fields, B. J. MacGowan, D. L. Matthews, J. H. Scofield, and G. Shimkaveg, "Demonstration of a narrow divergence X-ray laser in neon-like titanium," Phys. Rev. A 42, 6962 (1990).

24. Joseph Nilsen, "Ni-like X-ray lasers resonantly photo-pumped by Ly-α radiation," Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 305 (1991).

25. Joseph Nilsen, "Resonantly photo-pumped Ni-like Tl X-ray laser," Physica Scripta 43, 596 (1991).

26. I. A. Ivanov, J. Nilsen, M. S. Safronova, and U. I. Safronova, "Z-Dependences of Atomic Characteristics of Autoionization States of Two-Electron Systems," Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Fizika (in Russian) 33, 55 - 72 (August 1990).

27. Joseph Nilsen and Elaine Chandler, "Analysis of the resonantly photo-pumped Na-Ne X-ray laser scheme," Phys. Rev. A 44, 4591 – 4598 (1991).

JOSEPH NILSEN

28. M. Cornille, J. Dubau, F. Bely-Dubau, P. Faucher, I. A. Ivanov, U. I. Safronova, and J. Nilsen, "Z dependences of the energy levels and autoionization rates for 2l3l’ states of two-electron systems," J. Phys. B 23, 4451 (1990).

29. Joseph Nilsen, "A Ne-like Fe laser resonantly photo-pumped by Ne X Ly-α radiation," J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 46, 547 (1991).

31. Joseph Nilsen, "Resonantly Photo-Pumped Na-like X-ray Lasers," J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 47, 171 (1992).

32. D. Matthews, E. Chandler, L. Da Silva, D. Fields, W. Goldstein, C. Keane, J. Koch, R. London, B. MacGowan, S. Maxon, J. Nilsen, A. Osterheld, M. Rosen, J. Scofield, G. Shimkaveg, R. Stewart, and J. Trebes, "Collisional excitation X-ray lasers," IOP Conference Series 116 - X-ray Lasers 1990, G. J. Tallents ed., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1991), pp. 205 - 220

33. T. Boehly, M. Russotto, R. S. Craxton, R. Epstein, B. Yaakobi, L. B. Da Silva, J. Nilsen, E. A. Chandler, D. J. Fields, B. J. MacGowan, D. L. Matthews, J. H. Scofield, and G. Shimkaveg, "Demonstration of a resonantly photo-pumped X-ray laser," IOP Conference Series 116 - X-ray Lasers 1990, G. J. Tallents ed., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1991), pp. 139 - 142

34. Joseph Nilsen, "Resonantly Photo-Pumped Li-like X-ray Lasers," Appl. Opt. 31, 4957 (1992).

35. Joseph Nilsen, M. Cornille, J. Dubau, F. Bely-Dubau, P. Faucher, I. A. Ivanov, and U. I. Safronova, "Z-dependences of the energy levels and autoionization rates for 2l4l’ states of two electron systems," J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 48, 61 (1992).

36. Joseph Nilsen, James H. Scofield, and Elaine A. Chandler, "Reinvestigating the Early Resonantly Photo-Pumped X-ray Laser Schemes," Appl. Opt. 31, 4950 – 4956 (1992).

37. Joseph Nilsen, "New resonantly photo-pumped X-ray laser schemes," Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. Physical Series 55, 156 (1991)[Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Fizicheskaya, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp 782 - 793, 1991(in Russian)].

38. P. Beiersdorfer, J. Nilsen, A. Osterheld, D. Vogel, K. Wong, R. E. Marrs, and R. Zasadzinski, "Measurements of line overlap for resonant photopumping of 4→ 4 transitions in highly charged nickel-like ions," Phys. Rev. A 46, R25 (1992).

39. J. Nilsen, P. Beiersdorfer, S. R. Elliott, and A. L. Osterheld, "An argon-pumped yttrium X-ray laser," Physica Scripta 47, 42 (1993).

40. Joseph Nilsen, John L. Porter, Luiz B. Da Silva, and Brian J. MacGowan, "17-nm rubidium-ion laser," Opt. Lett. 17, 1518 (1992).

41. Joseph Nilsen and Ulyana I. Safronova, "Z-dependences of the atomic characteristics for 1s2l2l’ states of three electron systems," J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 49, 371 (1993).

42. Joseph Nilsen, John L. Porter, Luiz B. Da Silva, and Brian J. MacGowan, "Demonstration of a Neon-like Rubidium X-ray Laser," IOP Conference Series 125 - X-ray Lasers 1992, E. E. Fill ed., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1992), pp. 53 - 56

JOSEPH NILSEN

43. Joseph Nilsen, John L. Porter, Luiz B. Da Silva, Brian J. MacGowan, Peter Beiersdorfer, Steven R. Elliott, and Bruce K. Young "Experiments on Resonantly Photo-Pumped X-ray Lasers," IOP Conference Series 125 - X-ray Lasers 1992, E. E. Fill ed., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1992), pp. 137 - 142

44. Steven Elliott, Peter Beiersdorfer, and Joseph Nilsen, "Measurement of Line Overlap for Resonant Photo-Pumping of Transitions in Neon-like Ions by Nickel-like Ions," Phys. Rev. A 47, 1403 (1993).

45. J. Nilsen, M. K. Matzen, J. L. Porter, L. E. Ruggles, and E. A. Chandler, "Developing High-Power, High-Efficiency Resonantly Photopumped X-ray Lasers," Laboratory Directed Research and Development FY91, (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory report UCRL-53689-91, Livermore, 1992), pp. 126 - 127

46. S. R. Elliott, P. Beiersdorfer, and J. Nilsen, "Line Overlap Measurements for Resonant Photo-Pumping of X-Ray Lasers," AIP Conference Proceedings 274 - VIth International Conference on Physics of Highly Charged Ions, edited by P. Richard, M. Stöckle, C. L. Cocke, and C. D. Lin (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1993), pp. 556 - 559

47. L. B. Da Silva, B. J. MacGowan, T. Boehly, D. C. Eder, D. J. Fields, W. H. Goldstein, C. J. Keane, J. A. Koch, R. A. London, D. L. Matthews, S. Maxon, S. Mrowka, J. Nilsen, A. L. Osterheld, M. D. Rosen, J. H. Scofield, R. L. Shephard, G. M. Shimkaveg, R. E. Stewart, J. E. Trebes, and R. S. Walling, "Recent progress in nickel-like and neon-like X-ray lasers," in Radiative Properties of Hot Dense Matter (Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop, Sarasota, Florida, October 22 - 26, 1990), edited by W. Goldstein, C. Hooper, J. Gauthier, J. Seely, and R. Lee (World Scientific, Singapore, 1991), pp. 351 - 357

48. Joseph Nilsen, "X-ray Laser Research - Consumers of Atomic Data," Physica Scripta T47, 83 - 86 (1993).

49. Joseph Nilsen, John L. Porter, Brian J. MacGowan, Luiz B. Da Silva, and Juan C. Moreno, "Neon-like X-ray lasers of zirconium, niobium, and bromine," J. Phys. B 26, L243 (1993).

50. Joseph Nilsen, Brian J. MacGowan, Luiz B. Da Silva, and Juan C. Moreno, "Prepulse technique for producing low-Z Ne-like X-ray lasers," Phys. Rev. A 48, 4682 - 4685 (December 1993).

51. Joseph Nilsen, Jeffrey A. Koch, James H. Scofield, Brian J. MacGowan, Juan C. Moreno, and Luiz B. Da Silva, "Observation of hyperfine splitting on an X-ray laser transition," Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3713 - 3715 (June 14, 1993).

52. P. A. Loboda, V. A. Lykov, V. Yu. Politov, and Joseph Nilsen, "Ti-pumped Mo X-ray laser at 24 Å," Applied Physics B 57, 325 - 329 (1993).

53. Joseph Nilsen, Juan C. Moreno, Brian J. MacGowan, and Jeffrey A. Koch, "First observation of lasing at 231 Å in neon-like nickel using the prepulse technique," Applied Physics B 57, 309 - 311 (1993).

54. Joseph Nilsen, Brian J. MacGowan, Luiz B. Da Silva, Juan C. Moreno, Jeffrey A. Koch, and James H. Scofield, "Shattering the Myth of the Resonantly Photo-Pumped Neon-like

JOSEPH NILSEN

Titanium Laser," SPIE Conference Series 2012 - Ultrashort Wavelength Lasers II, Szymon Suckewer ed., (SPIE, Bellingham, Washington, 1994), pp. 131 - 137

55. J. C. Moreno, J. Nilsen, J. A. Koch, B. J. MacGowan, J. H. Scofield, and L. B. Da Silva, "Investigation of gain and hyperfine splitting in the niobium X-ray laser," Appl. Phys. B 58, 3 - 5 (1994).

56. Steven Elliott, Peter Beiersdorfer, and Joseph Nilsen, "Measurements of 3d - 5f and 3d - 6f transition energies in nickel-like ions for resonant photopumping by helium-like ions," Physica Scripta 49, 556 - 560 (1994).

57. Jeffrey A. Koch, Richard W. Lee, Joseph Nilsen, Juan C. Moreno, Brian J. Mac Gowan, and Luiz B. Da Silva, "X-ray lasers as sources for resonance-fluorescence experiments," Appl. Phys. B 58, 7 - 11 (1994).

58. A. S. Wan, J. C. Moreno, B. J. MacGowan, J. A. Koch, S. B. Libby, J. Nilsen, A. L. Osterheld, J. H. Scofield, J. E. Trebes, B. Van Wonterghem, and R. S. Walling, "Characterization of germanium stripe X-ray lasers," SPIE Conference Series 2012 - Ultrashort Wavelength Lasers II, Szymon Suckewer ed., (SPIE, Bellingham, Washington, 1994), pp. 172 - 179

59. P. Beiersdorfer, S. R. Elliott, and J. Nilsen, "Resonant-line overlap for photopumping and spoiling of X-ray lasing transitions in neonlike Fe XVII and Cu XX," Phys. Rev. A 49, 3123 - 3126 (1994).

60. A. R. Mingaleev, J. Nilsen, S. A. Pikuz, V. M. Romanova, A. Ya. Faenov, T. A. Shelkovenko, Sh. A. Ermatov, "Spectra of multicharge nickel and copper ions in X-pinch plasma," Quantum Electronics 23, 397 - 405 (1993) [Kvantovaya Elektronika(in Russian) 20, 461 - 470 (1993)].

61. V. Yu. Politov, P. A. Loboda, V. A. Lykov, and Joseph Nilsen, "A 64 Å Ne-like Ge X-ray laser resonantly photo-pumped by Ly-α Mg radiation," Opt. Comm. 108, 283 - 288 (1994).

62. Joseph Nilsen, "Legacy of the X-ray laser program," Energy and Technology Review, University of California report UCRL-52000-94-11, Livermore, CA, pp 13 - 21 (November 1994), original report in UCRL-LR-114552 (August 6, 1993).

63. James H. Scofield and Joseph Nilsen, "Hyperfine splittings of neonlike lasing lines," Phys. Rev. A 49, 2381 - 2388 (1994).

64. Joseph Nilsen and James H. Scofield, "Wavelengths of neon-like 3p → 3s X-ray laser transitions," Physica Scripta 49, 588 - 591 (1994).

65. Joseph Nilsen and Juan C. Moreno, "Use of the prepulse technique to enhance the weak 18.2 nm laser line in neon-like selenium," Opt. Lett. 19, 1137 - 1139 (1994).

66. Joseph Nilsen, Brian J. MacGowan, Luiz B. Da Silva, Juan C. Moreno, Jeffrey A. Koch, and James H. Scofield, "Reinterpretation of the Neon-like Titanium Laser Experiments," Opt. Eng. 33, 2687 - 2691 (1994).

JOSEPH NILSEN

67. Ulyana I. Safronova and Joseph Nilsen, "Autoionization states of lithium-like ions with large principal quantum number," J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 51, 853-874 (1994).

68. Joseph Nilsen, Jeffrey A. Koch, James H. Scofield, Brian J. MacGowan, Juan C. Moreno, and Luiz B. Da Silva, "Impact of observed hyperfine splitting on X-ray laser gain," AIP Conference Proceedings 322 - Atomic Processes in Plasmas, William L. Rowan ed., (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1995), pp. 211 - 214

69. Joseph Nilsen, Juan C. Moreno, Jeffrey A. Koch, James H. Scofield, Brian J. MacGowan, and Luiz B. Da Silva, "Progress in understanding and improving X-ray lasers," Proceedings of the International Conference on Lasers '93, V. J. Corcoran and T.A. Goldman eds., (STS Press, McLean, Virginia, 1994), pp. 126 - 130

70. Joseph Nilsen, L. A. Vainshtein, I. A. Ivanov, U. I. Safronova, J. Dubau, and M. Cornille, "Comparison of autoionization rates for 3l3l’ states of two electron systems," J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 52, 729 - 742 (1994).

71. S. Ya. Khakhalin, A. Ya. Faenov, I. Yu. Skobelev, S. A Pikuz, J. Nilsen, and A. Osterheld, "The observation of the Ne-like ion resonance line satellites for Cr XV to Ni XIX in CO2 laser produced plasma," Physica Scripta 50, 102 - 105 (1994).

72. S. Ya. Khakhalin, V. M. Dyakin, A. Ya. Faenov, H. Fiedorowicz, A. Bartnic, P. Paris, J. Nilsen, and A. Osterheld, "The dielectronic satellites to the 2s - 3p Ne-like krypton resonance lines," Physica Scripta 50, 106 - 109 (1994).

73. B. A. Bryunetkin, V. M. Dyakin, J. Nilsen, I. Yu. Skobelev, S. A. Pikuz, A. Ya. Faenov, and S. Ya. Khakhalin, "Use of a laser plasma in determination of a resonance defect of the Ly-α1,2 lines of Mg XII and the 2s - 3p lines of Ge XXIII," Quantum Electronics 24, 133 - 137 (1994). [Kvantovaya Elektronika(in Russian) 21(2), 137 - 141 (1994)]

74. J. Nilsen, S. A. Pikuz, I. Yu. Skobelev, A. Ya. Faenov, S. Ya. Khakhalin, B. K. Khabibulaev, and Sh. A. Ermatov, "L-spectra of zinc ions observed in the wavelength range 0.65 - 1.18 nm in a plasma heated by Nd laser radiation," Quantum Electronics 23, 1010 - 1025 (1993) [Kvantovaya Elektronika(in Russian) 20, 1164 - 1180 (1993)]

75. J. A. Koch, C. A. Back, J. D. Bauer, R. C. Cook, L. B. Da Silva, K. G. Estabrook, B. A. Hammel, E. J. Hseih, D. Kalantar, R. W. Lee, S. B. Libby, B. J. MacGowan, J. D. Moody, J. C. Moreno, J. Nilsen, and A. S. Wan, "Experimental measurements of 2l – nl’ transition wavelengths in Si XII, Si XIII, and Si XIV ions," University of California report UCRL-JC-117164 (1993).

76. Joseph Nilsen, Peter Beiersdorfer, Steven R. Elliott, Thomas W. Phillips, B. A. Bryunetkin, V. M. Dyakin, T. A. Pikuz, A. Ya. Faenov, S. A. Pikuz, S. von Goeler, M. Bitter, P. A. Loboda, V. A. Lykov, and V. Yu. Politov "Measurement of the Ly-α Mg resonance with the 2s → 3p Ne-like Ge line," Phys. Rev. A 50, 2143 - 2149 (1994).

77. Joseph Nilsen, Steven R. Elliott, and Peter Beiersdorfer, "Resonant photo-pumping of neon-like cobalt with sodium Ly-α radiation," J. Phys. B 27, 4523 - 4529 (1994).

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78. Joseph Nilsen, Juan C. Moreno, Jeffrey A. Koch, James H. Scofield, Brian J. MacGowan, and Luiz B. Da Silva, "Hyperfine Splittings, Prepulse Technique, and other New Results for Collisional Excitation Neon-like X-ray Lasers," AIP Conference Proceedings 332 - X-ray Lasers 1994, edited by David C. Eder and Dennis L. Matthews (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1994), pp. 271 - 278

79. P. Beiersdorfer, S. R. Elliott, B. J. MacGowan, and J. Nilsen, "Measurements of line overlap for resonant spoiling of X-ray lasing transitions," AIP Conference Proceedings 332 - X-ray Lasers 1994, edited by David C. Eder and Dennis L. Matthews (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1994), pp. 512 - 516

80. A. S. Wan, L. B. da Silva, J. C. Moreno, R. W. Mayle, R. C. Cauble, E. A. Chandler, H. E. Dalhed, S. B. Libby, J. Nilsen, R. P. Ratowsky, H. A. Scott, and B. Van Wonterghem, "Development of X-ray laser architectural components," AIP Conference Proceedings 332 - X-ray Lasers 1994, edited by David C. Eder and Dennis L. Matthews (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1994), pp. 350 - 358

81. S. R. Elliott, P. Beiersdorfer, and J. Nilsen, "EBIT X-ray spectroscopy studies for applications to photo-pumped X-ray lasers," AIP Conference Proceedings 332 - X-ray Lasers 1994, edited by David C. Eder and Dennis L. Matthews (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1994), pp. 307 - 311

82. P. Beiersdorfer, J. Nilsen, J. H. Scofield, M. Bitter, S. von Goeler, and K. W. Hill, "Photo-pumping resonance for modifying the kinetics of a neonlike La47+ laser," Physica Scripta 51, 322 - 325 (1995).

83. S. R. Elliott, P. Beiersdorfer, and J. Nilsen, "Measurement of the 3d - 4f transition in Ni-like Er for use in a photo-pumped X-ray laser scheme," Phys. Rev. A 51, 1683 - 1686 (1995).

84. J. C. Moreno, J. Nilsen, and L. B. da Silva, "Traveling wave excitation and amplification of neon-like germanium 3p - 3s transitions," Opt. Comm. 110, 585 - 589 (1994).

85. S. Ya. Khakhalin, V. M. Dyakin, A. Ya. Faenov, H. Fiedorowicz, A. Bartnik, P. Parys, A. L. Osterheld, and J. Nilsen, "Dielectronic 3l4l’ Na-like satellites to Ne-like krypton resonance lines," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12, 1203 - 1210 (1995).

86. S. Ya. Khakhalin, B. A. Bryunetkin, I. Yu. Skobelev, A. Ya. Faenov, J. Nilsen, A. L. Osterheld, and S. A. Pikuz, "Dielectronic satellites of resonance lines of Ne-like ions in high-temperature plasmas," JETP 78(5), 633 - 644 (1994). [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.(in Russian) 105, 1181 - 1198 (1994)]

87. J. Nilsen, S. A. Pikuz, I. Yu. Skobelev, A. Ya. Faenov, and S. Ya. Khakhalin, "High precision measurements and identification of emission spectra of laser-produced plasma caused by transitions from doubly excited levels of Na-like ions of Se," Measurement Techniques USSR 37(5), 477-492 (1994). [Izmeritelnaya Technica(in Russian) No. 5, pp. 3 - 15 (1994)]

88. Alan S. Wan, Juan C. Moreno, Brian J. MacGowan, Stephen B. Libby, Jeffrey A. Koch, Joseph Nilsen, Albert L. Osterheld, James H. Scofield, James E. Trebes, and Rosemary S.

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Walling, "Characterization of germanium stripe X-ray lasers," Opt. Eng. 33, 2434 - 2441 (1994).

89. Joseph Nilsen, "Novel X-ray Lasers," Laboratory Directed Research and Development FY93, (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory report UCRL-53689-93, Livermore, 1994), p. 120

90. A. S. Wan, R. C. Cauble, L. B. da Silva, J. C. Moreno, and J. Nilsen, "Enhanced brightness, short pulse X-ray lasers," Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No 140: Section 9, pages 455 - 458 (1995), UCRL-JC-116841 (September 1994), presented at Laser Interaction with Matter Conference, Oxford, 19 - 23 September 1994, 23rd European Conference ECLIM.

91. Ernst E. Fill, Yuelin Li, Dieter Schlögl, Jürgen Steingruber, and Joseph Nilsen, "Sensitivity of lasing in neon-like zinc at 21.2 nm to the use of the prepulse technique," Opt. Lett. 20, 374 - 376 (February 15, 1995).

92. J. Nilsen, U. I Safronova, and M. S. Safronova, "Inner-shell transitions of Be-like ions with Z = 6 - 54," Physica Scripta 51, 589 - 593 (1995).

93. Joseph Nilsen and Juan C. Moreno, "Nearly monochromatic lasing at 182 Å in neon-like selenium," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3376 - 3379 (1995).

94. S. R. Elliott, P. Beiersdorfer, B. J. MacGowan, and J. Nilsen, "Measurements of line overlap for resonant spoiling of X-ray lasing transitions in nickel-like tungsten," Phys. Rev. A 52, 2689 - 2692 (1995).

95. A. Ya. Faenov, B. A. Bryunetkin, V. M. Dyakin, T. A. Pikuz, I. Yu. Skobelev, S. A. Pikuz, J. Nilsen, A. L. Osterheld, and U. I. Safronova, "High resolution measurements of Mg XI and Cu XX resonance and satellite transitions and the resonance defect in the Mg-pumped Cu X-ray laser scheme," Phys. Rev. A 52, 3644 - 3650(November 1995).

96. A. S. Wan, L. B. Da Silva, J. C. Moreno, R. C. Cauble, P. Celliers, H. E. Dalhed, Jr., J. A. Koch, and J. Nilsen, "Physics of a multiple-pulse driven X-ray laser plasma," Physics of Plasmas 3, 606 - 613 (February 1996).

97. Joseph Nilsen and Juan C. Moreno, "Lasing at 7.9 nm in nickel-like neodymium," Opt. Lett. 20, 1386 - 1388 (June 15, 1995).

98. Yuelin Li, Georg Pretzler, Joseph Nilsen, and Ernst E. Fill, "Space-resolved investigation of lasing on the two J = 0 → 1, 3p → 3s transitions at 20.5 and 25.5 nm in neon-like iron," Opt. Comm. 119, 557 - 562 (1995).

99. A. S. Shlyaptseva, J. Nilsen, R. Bruch, V. L. Kantsyrev, V. V. Akulinichev, and E. G. Pivinsky, "The study of Na-like multiply-charged ion X-ray spectra excited by a pulsed laser plasma source," Physica Scripta 52, 377 - 385 (October 1995).

100. A. Faenov, D. A. Hammer, J. Nilsen, A. Osterheld, S. A. Pikuz, V. Romanova, T. Shelkovenko, and I. Yu. Skobelev, "Transitions from Na-like and Mg-like autoionizing levels of multicharged molybdenum ions in an X-pinch plasma," Physica Scripta 51(4), 454 - 458 (1995).

101. V. Yu. Politov, V. A. Lykov, and J. Nilsen, "Simulation of the X-ray laser scheme on the resonance pair Mg-Ge," submitted to Lasers' 95(Dec 1994).

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102. Ernst E. Fill, Yuelin Li, Georg Pretzler, Dieter Schlögl, Jürgen Steingruber, and Joseph Nilsen, "Study of lasing in low-Z neon-like ions using the prepulse technique," Physica Scripta 52, 158 - 161 (1995).

103. Yuelin Li, Georg Pretzler, Ernst E. Fill, and Joseph Nilsen, "Temporally and spatially resolved investigation of the J = 0 - 1 and J = 2 - 1, 3p - 3s lasers in neonlike germanium," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 742 - 750 (April 1996).

104. Yuelin Li, Georg Pretzler, Ernst E. Fill, and Joseph Nilsen, "Study of anomalous lasing behavior on the two J = 0-1 transitions in Ne-like V" Appl. Phys. B 63, 125 - 130 (August 1996).

105. Joseph Nilsen, Juan C. Moreno, Luiz B. Da Silva, and Jeffrey A. Koch, "Lasing at 79 Å in Ni-like Nd Using Multiple Pulse Illumination and Other New Results," SPIE Proceedings 2520 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications, edited by J. J. Rocca and P. L. Hagelstein (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 1995), pp. 152 - 156

106. E. E. Fill, Y. Li, D. Schlögl, J. Steingruber, and J. Nilsen, "Investigation of lasing on the J = 0 - 1 line of neon-like ions using the prepulse technique," SPIE Proceedings 2520 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications, edited by J. J. Rocca and P. L. Hagelstein (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 1995), pp. 134 - 144

107. J. C. Moreno, R. C. Cauble, P. Celliers, L. B. Da Silva, J. Nilsen, and A. S. Wan, "Development of a short pulse Ne-like X-ray laser," SPIE Proceedings 2520 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications, edited by J. J. Rocca and P. L. Hagelstein (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 1995), pp. 97 - 104

108. Joseph Nilsen, Henryk Fiedorowicz, Andrzey Bartnik, Yuelin Li, Peixiang Lu, and Ernst E. Fill, "Self photo-pumped neon-like X-ray laser," Opt. Lett. 21, 408 - 410 (March 15, 1996).

109. J. C. Moreno, J. Nilsen, and L. B. DaSilva, "Multiple pulse traveling wave excitation of neon-like germanium," AIP Conference Proceedings 332 - X-ray Lasers 1994, edited by David C. Eder and Dennis L. Matthews (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1994), pp. 21 - 24

110. J. C. Moreno, J. Nilsen, and E. Chandler, "Enhanced output of soft X-ray lasers using double slab targets," AIP Conference Proceedings 332 - X-ray Lasers 1994, edited by David C. Eder and Dennis L. Matthews (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1994), pp. 196 - 199

111. P. A. Loboda, V. A. Lykov, L. A. Vainshtein, and J. Nilsen, "Calculations of neonlike transition wavelengths for laboratory x-ray laser schemes," SPIE Proceedings 2520 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications, edited by J. J. Rocca and P. L. Hagelstein (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 1995), pp. 69 - 78

112. Joseph Nilsen, "Lasing on the 3d → 3p neon-like X-ray laser transitions driven by a self photo-pumping mechanism," Phys. Rev. A 53, 4539 - 4546 (June 1996).

113. Joseph Nilsen, Juan C. Moreno, Luiz B. Da Silva, Troy W. Barbee, Jr., Yuelin Li, Peixiang Lu, Ernst E. Fill Henryk Fiedorowicz, and Andrzej Bartnik, "Review of neon-like and

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nickel-like ions lasing on the J = 0 → 1 line using the prepulse and multiple pulse techniques," Proceedings of the X-ray Lasers and Optics International Workshop, edited by H. S. Peng (High Power Laser and Particle Beams Journal Agency, Chengdu, China 1995), pp. 55 - 64

114. J. Zhang, S. T. Chunyu, Y. L. You, Q. R. Zhang, S. J. Yang, W. Z. Huang, D. Y. Wu, X. Q. Zhuang, S. P. Liu, Y. Q. Cai, F. Y. Du, X. D. Yuan, X. F. Wei, Y. K. Zhao, H. S. Peng, and J. Nilsen, "Low threshold Ne-like Ti soft X-ray lasing using the prepulse technique," Proceedings of the X-ray Lasers and Optics International Workshop, edited by H. S. Peng (High Power Laser and Particle Beams Journal Agency, Chengdu, China 1995), pp. 65 - 76

115. Yuelin Li and Joseph Nilsen, "Scaling laws for electron densities and gain coefficients in low-Z Ne-like lasers," Physica Scripta 57, 237 - 241 (February 1998).

116. Joseph Nilsen, Yuelin Li, Peixiang Lu, Juan C. Moreno, and Ernst E. Fill, "Relative merits of using curved targets and the prepulse technique to enhance the output of the neon-like germanium X-ray laser," Opt. Comm. 124, 287 - 291 (March 1, 1996), erratum in Opt. Comm. 130, 415 - 416 (October 1, 1996).

117. Juan C. Moreno, Joseph Nilsen, Yuelin Li, Peixiang Lu, and Ernst E. Fill, "Two-dimensional near field images of the neon-like germanium soft X-ray laser," Opt. Lett. 21, 866 - 868 (June 15, 1996).

118. Joseph Nilsen, Peter Beiersdorfer, Klaus Widmann, Vincent Decaux, and Steven R. Elliott, "Energies of neon-like n = 4 to n = 2 resonance lines," Physica Scripta 54, 183 - 187 (August 1996).

119. J. Zhang, S. T. Chunyu, Y. L. You, Q. R. Zhang, S. J. Yang, W. Z. Huang, D. Y. Wu, X. Q. Zhuang, S. P. Liu, Y. Q. Cai, F. Y. Du, X. D. Yuan, X. F. Wei, Y. K. Zhao, H. S. Peng, and J. Nilsen, "Soft X-ray lasing at 32.6 nm in Ne-like Ti ions driven by 40 J of energy from two 650 ps laser pulses," Phys. Rev. A 53, 3640 - 3646 (May 1996).

120. Joseph Nilsen, Juan C. Moreno, Luiz B. Da Silva, and Troy W. Barbee, Jr., "Two-dimensional spatial imaging of the multiple pulse driven 196 Å neon-like germanium X-ray laser," Phys. Rev. A 55, 827 - 830 (January 1997).

121. Yuelin Li, Georg Pretzler, Peixiang Lu, Joseph Nilsen, and Ernst E. Fill, "Ne- and Ni-like X-ray lasers using the prepulse technique," IOP Conference Series 151 - X-ray Lasers 1996, S. Svanberg and C-G Wahlström eds., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1996), pp. 255 - 259

122. Joseph Nilsen, Juan C. Moreno, Luiz B. Da Silva, Troy W. Barbee, Jr., Yuelin Li, Peixiang Lu, and Ernst E. Fill, "Progress in understanding the prepulse and multiple pulse technique," IOP Conference Series 151 - X-ray Lasers 1996, S. Svanberg and C-G Wahlström eds., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1996), pp. 240 - 246

123. Joseph Nilsen, "Self photo-pumped neon-like and nickel-like X-ray lasers," IOP Conference Series 151 - X-ray Lasers 1996, S. Svanberg and C-G Wahlström eds., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1996), pp. 164 - 168

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124. Igor Yu. Skobelev, Anatoly Ya. Faenov, Vladimir M. Dyakin, Henryk Fiedorowicz, Andrzej Bartnik, Miroslav Szczurek, Peter Beiersdorfer, Joseph Nilsen, and Albert L. Osterheld, "High-resolution measurement, line identification, and spectral modeling of the Kβ spectrum of heliumlike argon emitted by a laser-produced plasma using a gas puff target," Phys. Rev. E 55, 3773 - 3776 (March 1997).

125. H. Daido, S. Ninomiya, T. Imani, R. Kodama, K. Murai, Y. Kato, F. Koike, and J. Nilsen, "Wide spectral range soft x-ray lasing with Ni-like ions," IOP Conference Series 151 - X-ray Lasers 1996, S. Svanberg and C-G Wahlström eds., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1996), pp. 40 - 46

126. H. Daido, S. Ninomiya, T. Imani, Y. Okaichi, M. Takagi, R. Kodama, H. Takabe, Y. Kato, F. Koike, J. Nilsen, and K. Murai, "Atomic number scaling of the nickel-like soft x-ray lasers," International Journal of Modern Physics B 11, 945 - 990 (March 30, 1997).

127. H. Fiedorowicz, A. Bartnik, J. Kostecki, M. Szczurek, E. E. Fill, Y. L. Li, P. X. Lu, G. Pretzler, J. Nilsen, "Laser-irradiated gas puff targets and x-ray lasing with neon-like argon and nickel-like xenon ions," IOP Conference Series 151 - X-ray Lasers 1996, S. Svanberg and C-G Wahlström eds., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1996), pp. 76 - 83

128. A. L. Osterheld, J. Nilsen, S. Ya. Khakhalin, A. Ya. Faenov, and S. A. Pikuz, "Dielectronic satellites to the Ne-like yttrium resonance lines," Physica Scripta 54, 240 - 249 (September 1996).

129. Joseph Nilsen, "Design of a picosecond-laser-driven Ni-like Mo X-ray laser near 20 nm," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1511 - 1514 (June 1997).

130. Joseph Nilsen, "Analysis of a psec-laser-driven Ne-like Ti X-ray laser," Phys. Rev. A 55, 3271 - 3274 (April 1997).

131. J. Zhang, J. Warwick, E. Wolfrum, M. H. Key, C. Danson, A. Demir, S. Healy, D. Kalantar, N. S. Kim, C. L. S. Lewis, J. Lin, D. Neely, J. Nilsen, G. J. Pert, R. Smith, G. J. Tallents, and J. S. Wark, "Characterisation of a saturated single frequency Ne-like Ge XUV laser on the J = 0 → 1 transition at 19.6 nm," IOP Conference Series 151 - X-ray Lasers 1996, S. Svanberg and C-G Wahlström eds., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1996), pp. 56 - 58

132. J. Zhang, J. Warwick, E. Wolfrum, M. H. Key, C. Danson, A. Demir, S. Healy, D. H. Kalantar, N. S. Kim, C. L. S. Lewis, J. Lin, A. G. MacPhee, D. Neely, J. Nilsen, G. J. Pert, R. Smith, G. J. Tallents, and J. S. Wark, "Saturated output of a Ge XXIII x-ray laser at 19.6 nm," Phys. Rev. A 54, 4653 - 4656 (December 1996).

133. J. Zhang, A. G. MacPhee, J. Nilsen, J. Lin, T. W. Barbee, Jr., C. Danson, M. H. Key, C. L. S. Lewis, D. Neely, R. M. N. O'Rourke, G. J. Pert, R. Smith, G. J. Tallents, J. S. Wark, and E. Wolfrum, "Demonstration of saturation in a Ni-like Ag x-ray laser at 14 nm," Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3856 - 3859 (May 19, 1997).

134. J. C. Moreno, J. Nilsen, Y. L. Li, P. X. Lu, and E. E. Fill, "High resolution two-dimensional near field images of neon-like soft X-ray lasers," IOP Conference Series 151 -

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X-ray Lasers 1996, S. Svanberg and C-G Wahlström eds., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1996), pp. 430 - 432

135. Yuelin Li, Georg Pretzler, Peixiang Lu, Ernst E. Fill, and Joseph Nilsen, "Study of Ne- and Ni-like X-ray lasers using the prepulse technique," Physics of Plasmas 4, 479 - 489 (February 1997).

136. J. Zhang, A. G. MacPhee, J. Lin, E. Wolfrum, R. Smith, C. Danson, M. H. Key, C. L. S. Lewis, D. Neely, J. Nilsen, G. J. Pert, G. J. Tallents, and J. S. Wark, "A saturated X-ray laser beam at 7 nanometers," Science 276, 1097 - 1100 (May 16, 1997).

137. R. Bruch, U. I. Safronova, A. S. Shlyaptseva, J. Nilsen, and D. Schneider, "New comprehensive theoretical analysis of the doubly excited 3lnl' states of sodium-like iron," J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 60, 605 - 622 (October 1998).

138. Joseph Nilsen, Juan C. Moreno, Troy W. Barbee, Jr., and Luiz B. Da Silva, "Measurement of spatial gain distribution for a neon-like germanium 19.6 nm laser," Opt. Lett. 22, 1320 - 1322 (September 1, 1997).

139. J. Nilsen, J. Zhang, A. G. MacPhee, J. Lin, T. W. Barbee, Jr., C. Danson, L. B. Da Silva, M. H. Key, C. L. S. Lewis, D. Neely, R. M. N. O'Rourke, G. J. Pert, R. Smith, G. J. Tallents, J. S. Wark, and E. Wolfrum, "Near field spatial imaging of a Ni-like Ag 140 Å X-ray laser," Phys. Rev. A 56, 3161 - 3165 (October 1997).

140. J. Zhang, A. G. MacPhee, J. Lin, E. Wolfrum, J. Nilsen, T. W. Barbee, Jr., C. Danson, M. H. Key, C. L. S. Lewis, D. Neely, R. M. N. O'Rourke, G. J. Pert, R. Smith, G. J. Tallents, and J. S. Wark, "Recent progress in nickel-like x-ray lasers at RAL," SPIE Proceedings 3156 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications II, edited by J. J. Rocca and L. B. Da Silva (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 1997), pp. 53 - 64

141. Joseph Nilsen, "Modeling of psec-laser-driven Ne-like and Ni-like X-ray lasers," SPIE Proceedings 3156 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications II, edited by J. J. Rocca and L. B. Da Silva (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 1997), pp. 86 - 93

142. Joseph Nilsen, Juan C. Moreno, Troy W. Barbee, Jr., and Luiz B. Da Silva, "Measurement of spatial gain profiles in multiple-pulse-driven Ne-like Ge lasers," SPIE Proceedings 3156 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications II, edited by J. J. Rocca and L. B. Da Silva (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 1997), pp. 65 - 70

143. Juan C. Moreno, Joseph Nilsen, Troy W. Barbee, Jr., Luiz B. Da Silva, Ernst E. Fill, Yuelin Li, and Peixiang Lu, "Imaging experiments of Ne-like X-ray lasers," SPIE Proceedings 3156 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications II, edited by J. J. Rocca and L. B. Da Silva (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 1997), pp. 71 - 77

144. Yuelin Li, Peixiang Lu, Joachim Maruhn, Joseph Nilsen, Georg Pretzler, and Ernst Fill, "Study of Ne- and Ni-like x-ray lasers using the prepulse technique," SPIE Proceedings 3156 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications II, edited by J. J. Rocca and L. B. Da Silva (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 1997), pp. 21 - 29

145. J. Zhang, A. G. MacPhee, J. Lin, E. Wolfrum, R. Smith, C. Danson, M. H. Key, C. L. S. Lewis, D. Neely, J. Nilsen, G. J. Pert, G. J. Tallents, J. S. Wark, and P. J. Warwick,

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"Optimisation of drive pulse configuration for a Ni-like Sn X-ray laser at 12 nm," Phys. Lett. A 234, 410 - 414 (October 13, 1997).

146. S. Jacquemot, M. Cornille, and J. Nilsen, "Dielectronic recombination for F-like and Ne-like ions," Physica Scripta 58, 203 - 219 (September 1998).

147. R. Bruch, U. I. Safronova, A. S. Shlyaptseva, J. Nilsen, and D. Schneider, "Theoretical analysis of the doubly excited 3lnl' states of sodiumlike copper," Physica Scripta 57, 334 - 344 (March 1998).

148. J. Y. Lin, G. J. Tallents, J. Zhang, A. G. MacPhee, C. L. S. Lewis, D. Neely, J. Nilsen, G. J. Pert, R. M. N. O'Rourke, R. Smith, and E. Wolfrum, "Gain saturation of the Ni-like X-ray lasers," Opt. Comm. 158, 55 - 60 (December 15, 1998).

149. Takako Kato, Ulyana I. Safronova, Alla S. Shlyaptseva, Marguerite Cornille, Jacques Dubau, and Joseph Nilsen, "Comparison of satellite spectra for H-like Fe and He-like Fe, Ca, and S calculated by three different methods," Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 67, 225 - 329 (November 1997).

150. V. M. Dyakin, I. Yu. Skobelev, A. Ya. Faenov, A. Bartnik, H. Fiedorowicz, M. Szczurek, A. Osterheld, and J. Nilsen, "Precision measurements of the wavelengths of spectral lines of multiply charged krypton and argon ions formed in a gas target heated by laser radiation," Quantum Electronics 27, 691 - 695 (August 1997).

151. Yuelin Li, Joseph Nilsen, James Dunn, Albert L. Osterheld, Alexander Ryabtsev, and Sergey Churilov, "Wavelengths of the Ni-like 4d 1S0 → 4p 1P1 X-ray laser line," Phys. Rev. A 58, R2668 - 2671 (October 1998).

152. I. Yu. Skobelev, V. M. Dyakin, A. Ya. Faenov, A. Bartnik, H. Fiedorowicz, R. Jarocki, J. Kostecki, M. Szczurek, E. Bièmont, P. Quinet, J. Nilsen, E. Behar, R. Doron, P. Mandelbaum, and J. L. Schwob, "The X-ray emission spectra of multicharged xenon ions in a gas puff laser-produced plasma," J. Phys. B 32, 113 - 122 (January 14, 1999).

153. James Dunn, Joseph Nilsen, Albert L. Osterheld, Yuelin Li, and Vyacheslav N. Shlyaptsev, "Demonstration of transient gain x-ray lasers near 20 nm for nickellike yttrium, zirconium, niobium, and molybdenum," Opt. Lett. 24, 101 - 103 (January 15, 1999).

154. James Dunn, Albert L. Osterheld, Vyacheslav N. Shlyaptsev, Yuelin Li, Joseph Nilsen, Ronnie Shepherd, and Luiz B. Da Silva, "Progess in table-top transient collisional excitation x-ray lasers at LLNL," IOP Conference Series 159 - X-ray Lasers 1998, Y. Kato, H. Takuma, and H. Daido eds., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1999) pp. 51 - 58

155. Joseph Nilsen, Yuelin Li, James Dunn, Albert L. Osterheld, Alexander Ryabtsev, and Sergey Churilov, "Measuring the wavelengths of the Ni-like 4d 1S0 → 4p 1P1 and 4f 1P1 → 4d 1P1 X-ray laser lines," IOP Conference Series 159 - X-ray Lasers 1998, Y. Kato, H. Takuma, and H. Daido eds., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1999) pp. 135 - 138

156. Joseph Nilsen, Yuelin Li, James Dunn, and Albert L. Osterheld, "Progress in understanding the short-pulse-driven collisional excitation X-ray lasers," IOP Conference

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Series 159 - X-ray Lasers 1998, Y. Kato, H. Takuma, and H. Daido eds., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1999) pp. 123 - 130

157. Joseph Nilsen, Juan C. Moreno, Troy W. Barbee, Jr. and Luiz B. Da Silva, "2D spatial gain profiles in multiple-pulse driven Ne-like Ge lasers," IOP Conference Series 159 - X-ray Lasers 1998, Y. Kato, H. Takuma, and H. Daido eds., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1999) pp. 475 - 478

158. J. Zhang, E. Wolfrum, A. G. MacPhee, J. Y. Lin, M. H. Key, C. L. S. Lewis, J. Nilsen, R. M. N. O'Rourke, R. Smith, G. J. Tallents, and J. S. Wark, "Experiments of the saturated Ni-like X-ray lasers driven by a double 75 ps laser pulse," IOP Conference Series 159 - X-ray Lasers 1998, Y. Kato, H. Takuma, and H. Daido eds., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1999) pp. 67 - 70

159. H. Daido, S. Sebban, N. Sakaya, T. Norimatsu, T. Jitsuno, G-Y. Yoon, K. Mima, Y, Kato, S. Wang, Y. Gu, G. Huang, H. Tang, K. Murai, A. Klisnick, P. Zeitoun, R. Butzbach, I. Uschmann, M. Vollbrecht, E. Förster, J. Nilsen, G. Zhang, T. Desai, H. Takenaka, F. Koike, K. Namikawa, and E. Arakawa, "High brightness Ni-like soft x-ray lasers for various applications," IOP Conference Series 159 - X-ray Lasers 1998, Y. Kato, H. Takuma, and H. Daido eds., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1999) pp. 83 - 90

160. Joseph Nilsen, James Dunn, Albert L. Osterheld, and Yuelin Li, "Lasing on the self photopumped nickel-like 4f 1P1 → 4d 1P1 X-ray transition," Phys. Rev. A 60, R2677 – 2680 (October 1999).

161. A. N. Ryabtsev; S. S. Churilov, J. Nilsen, Y. L. Li, J. Dunn, and A. L. Osterheld, "Additional analysis of the spectra of Ni-like ions," Opt. Spectrosc. 87, 181-186 (August 1999).

162. J. Dunn, Y. L. Li, A. L. Osterheld, J. Nilsen, S. J. Moon, K. B. Fournier, J. R. Hunter, A. Ya. Faenov, T. A. Pikuz, and V. N. Shlyaptsev, "Tabletop transient collisional excitation x-ray lasers," SPIE Proceedings 3776 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications III, edited by J. J. Rocca and L. B. Da Silva (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 1999), pp. 2 - 8

163. S. J. Moon, J. Dunn, A. Ya. Faenov, T. A. Pikuz, K. B. Fournier, A. L. Osterheld, V. N. Shlyaptsev, Y. L. Li, and J. Nilsen, "Characterization of a high-gain Ne-like Fe transient X-ray laser," SPIE Proceedings 3776 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications III, edited by J. J. Rocca and L. B. Da Silva (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 1999), pp. 9 - 13

164. Joseph Nilsen, Yuelin Li, James Dunn, and Albert L. Osterheld, "Modeling short-pulse-driven collisional X-ray lasers and other new schemes," SPIE Proceedings 3776 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications III, edited by J. J. Rocca and L. B. Da Silva (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 1999), pp. 14 - 23

165. Yuelin Li, James Dunn, Joseph Nilsen, Troy W. Barbee Jr., Luiz B. Da Silva, Albert L. Osterheld, and Vyacheslav N. Shlyaptsev, "Near field imaging of a saturated table top X-ray laser," SPIE Proceedings 3776 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications III, edited by J. J. Rocca and L. B. Da Silva (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 1999), pp. 45 – 51

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166. James Dunn, Albert L. Osterheld, Yuelin Li, Joseph Nilsen, and Vyacheslav N. Shlyaptsev, "Transient collisional excitation X-ray lasers with 1-ps tabletop drivers," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 5, 1441 - 1446 (November/December 1999).

167. S. Sebban, H. Daido, N. Sakaya, T. Norimatsu, T. Jitsuno, G-Y. Yoon, K. Mima, Y, Kato, S. Wang, Y. Gu, G. Huang, H. Tang, K. Murai, A. Klisnick, Ph. Zeitoun, R. Butzbach, I. Uschmann, M. Vollbrecht, E. Förster, J. Nilsen, G. Zhang, T. Desai, H. Takenaka, and F. Koike, "Studies on collisional pumping of soft X-ray lasers at ILE," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 5, 1460 - 1468 (November/December 1999).

168. Yuelin Li, James Dunn, Joseph Nilsen, Troy W. Barbee, Jr., Albert Osterheld, and Vyacheslav N. Shlyaptsev, “A saturated table-top X-ray laser system at 19 nm,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17, 1098-1101 (June 2000).

169. Joseph Nilsen, Yuelin Li, and James Dunn, “Modeling psec-laser-driven neon-like titanium X-ray laser experiments,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17, 1084-1092 (June 2000).

170. J. Dunn, Y. Li, A. L. Osterheld, J. Nilsen, J. R. Hunter, and V. N. Shlyaptsev, “Gain saturation regime for laser-driven tabletop, transient Ni-like ion x-ray lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4834 – 4837 (May 22, 2000).

171. E. Bièmont, P. Quinet, A. Ya. Faenov, I. Skobelev, J. Nilsen, V. M. Romanova, M. Scholz, L. Karpinski, and A. Szydlowski, “Dielectronic structure of 2/-1s transitions of multicharged ions of argon with nuclear charges Z=10-17,” Physica Scripta 61, 555-566 (May 2000).

172. Y. Li, J. Dunn, J. Nilsen, A. Osterheld, T. W. Barbee, Jr., and V. N. Shlyaptsev, “Saturated Plasma X-ray Laser at 19 nm,” submitted to Proceedings of 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference, 13-18 August, 2000, Durham, North Carolina

173. Joseph Nilsen, James Dunn, Yuelin Li, Albert L. Osterheld, Vyacheslav N. Shlyaptsev, Troy W. Barbee, Jr., and James R. Hunter, “Review of Ni-like ion X-ray laser research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,” Comptes Rendus de l’Acadèmie des Sciences Tome 1, Sèrie IV, No. 8, 1035 – 1044 (October 2000).

174. Henryk Fiedorowicz, Andrzej Bartnik, Jim Dunn, Jim Hunter, Joseph Nilsen, Albert L. Osterheld, Rafal Rakowski, Vyacheslav N. Shlyaptsev, Raymond F. Smith, and Miroslaw Szczurek, “Demonstration of a neon-like argon x-ray laser using a short-pulse laser-irradiatied gas puff target,” SPIE Proceedings 4505 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications IV, edited by E. E. Fill and J. J. Rocca (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2001), pp. 179 - 185

175. Joseph Nilsen and James Dunn, “Modeling of short-pulse-driven nickel-like X-ray lasers and recent experiments,” SPIE Proceedings 4505 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications IV, edited by E. E. Fill and J. J. Rocca (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2001), pp. 100 – 106

176. Riccardo Tommasini, Joseph Nilsen and Ernst E. Fill, “Investigations on 10-Hz sub-Joule fs-laser pumped neon- and nickel-like X-ray lasers,” SPIE Proceedings 4505 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications IV, edited by E. E. Fill and J. J. Rocca (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2001), pp. 85 - 92

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177. J. Dunn, R. F. Smith, J. Nilsen, J. R. Hunter, T. W. Barbee, Jr., V. N. Shlyaptsev, J. Filevich, J. J. Rocca, M. C. Marconi, H. Fiedorowicz, and A. Bartnik, “Recent X-ray Laser Experiments on the COMET Facility,” SPIE Proceedings 4505 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications IV, edited by E. E. Fill and J. J. Rocca (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2001), pp. 62 – 74

178. Henryk Fiedorowicz, Andrzej Bartnik, James Dunn, Raymond F. Smith, James Hunter, Joseph Nilsen, Albert L. Osterheld, and Vyacheslav N. Shlyaptsev, “Demonstration of a neonlike argon soft-x-ray laser with a picosecond-laser-irradiatied gas puff target,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1403 – 1405 (September 15, 2001).

179. J. Dunn, A. L. Osterheld, J. Nilsen, J. R. Hunter, Y. L. Li, A. Y. Faenov, T. A. Pikuz, and V. N. Shlyaptsev, “Saturated output tabletop X-ray lasers,” J.Phys. IV(France) 11, (Pr2) 19 – 26 (July 2001).

180. J. Nilsen, Yuelin. Li, J. Dunn, T. W. Barbee Jr., and A. L. Osterheld, “Modeling and demonstration of a saturated Ni-like Mo X-ray laser,” J.Phys. IV(France) 11, (Pr2) 67 - 73 (July 2001).

181. J. Dunn, A. Y. Faenov, T. A. Pikuz, A. L. Osterheld, S. J. Moon, K. B. Fournier, J. Nilsen, I. Y. Skobelev, A. I. Magunov, and V. N. Shlyaptsev, “Spectral and imaging characterization of tabletop X-ray lasers,” J.Phys. IV(France) 11, (Pr2) 51 – 54 (July 2001).

182. R.F. Smith, J.Dunn, J. Nilsen, V.N. Shlyaptsev, S. Moon, J. Filevich, J.J. Rocca, M.C. Marconi, J.R. Hunter, and T.W. Barbee, Jr., “Picosecond X-ray Laser Interferometry of Dense Plasmas,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 065004 (August 5, 2002).

183. Ch. Siegel, M. Braud, J. E. Balmer, and J. Nilsen, “Near-field spatial imaging of the Ni-like palladium soft X-ray laser,” Opt. Comm. 210, 305 – 312 (September 15, 2002).

184. Joseph Nilsen, John I. Castor, Mark A. Lane, and George E. Overturf III, “Glow discharge mass spectrometry analysis of LX-17 and PBX-9502 high explosive samples,” University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory report UCRL-ID-150340, Livermore, CA (December 20, 2002).

185. H. Fiedorowicz, A. Bartnik, R. Jarocki, R. Rakowski, M. Szczurek, J. Dunn, R. F. Smith, J. Hunter, J. Nilsen, and V. N. Shlyaptsev, "Investigations on soft x-ray lasers with a picosecond-laser-irradiated gas puff target," AIP Conference Proceedings 641 - X-ray Lasers 2002, edited by Jorge J. Rocca, James Dunn, and Szymon Suckewer (American Institute of Physics, New York, 2002), pp. 21 - 25

186. J. E. Balmer, M. Braud, C. Siegel, and J. Nilsen, "Characterization of saturated Ni-like x-ray lasers," AIP Conference Proceedings 641 - X-ray Lasers 2002, edited by Jorge J. Rocca, James Dunn, and Szymon Suckewer (American Institute of Physics, New York, 2002), pp. 147 - 153

187. M. Braud, C. Siegel, J. E. Balmer, and J. Nilsen, "Near-field spatial imaging and time-resolved measurements of the Ni-like palladium soft x-ray laser," AIP Conference

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Proceedings 641 - X-ray Lasers 2002, edited by Jorge J. Rocca, James Dunn, and Szymon Suckewer (American Institute of Physics, New York, 2002), pp. 154 - 159

188. Joseph Nilsen, James Dunn, Raymond F. Smith, and Troy W. Barbee, Jr., "Modeling and imaging of the Ni-like Pd X-ray laser and other new schemes," AIP Conference Proceedings 641 - X-ray Lasers 2002, edited by Jorge J. Rocca, James Dunn, and Szymon Suckewer (American Institute of Physics, New York, 2002), pp. 271 - 278

189. J. Dunn, R. F. Smith, J. Nilsen, A. J. Nelson, T. W. Van Buuren, S. J. Moon, J. R. Hunter, J. Filevich, J. J. Rocca, M. C. Marconi, and V. N. Shlyaptsev, "A picosecond 14.7 nm x-ray laser for probing matter undergoing rapid changes," AIP Conference Proceedings 641 - X-ray Lasers 2002, edited by Jorge J. Rocca, James Dunn, and Szymon Suckewer (American Institute of Physics, New York, 2002), pp. 481 - 488

190. Raymond F. Smith, Steven Moon, James Dunn, Joseph Nilsen, Vyacheslav N. Shlyaptsev, James R. Hunter, Jorge Rocca, Jorge Filevich, and Mario C. Marconi, "Interferometric diagnosis of two-dimensional plasma expansion," AIP Conference Proceedings 641 - X-ray Lasers 2002, edited by Jorge J. Rocca, James Dunn, and Szymon Suckewer (American Institute of Physics, New York, 2002), pp. 538 - 543

191. Raymond F. Smith, Sebastian Hubert, Marta Fajardo, Philippe Zeitoun, James Dunn, James R. Hunter, Christian Remond, Laurent Vanbostal, Silvie Jacquemot, Jospeh Nilsen, Ciaran L. S. Lewis, and Remy Marmoret, "Longitudinal coherence measurements of the transient collisional X-ray laser," AIP Conference Proceedings 641 - X-ray Lasers 2002, edited by Jorge J. Rocca, James Dunn, and Szymon Suckewer (American Institute of Physics, New York, 2002), pp. 617 - 622

192. Joseph Nilsen, James Dunn, Raymond F. Smith, Troy W. Barbee, Jr., “Two-dimensional imaging and modeling of the 14.7 nm Ni-like Pd x-ray laser,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 191 – 194 (January 2003).

193. James Dunn, Raymond F. Smith, Joseph Nilsen, Henryk Fiedorowicz, Andrzej Bartnik, Vyacheslav N. Shlyaptsev, “Picosecond-laser-driven gas puff neonlike argon x-ray laser,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 203 - 207 (January 2003).

194. Raymond F. Smith, James Dunn, Joseph Nilsen, James R. Hunter, Vyacheslev N. Shlyaptsev, Jorge J. Rocca, Jorge Filevich, Mario C. Marconi, “Refraction effects on x-ray and ultraviolet interferometric probing of laser-produced plasmas,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 254 – 259 (January 2003).

195. Joseph Nilsen, “Reminiscing about the early years of the X-ray laser,” Quantum Electronics 33, 1 - 2 (January 2003). [UCRL-JC-148426-Rev-1]

196. Joseph Nilsen, Sasa Bajt, and Henry N. Chapman, Felix Staub and Jürg Balmer, “Mo:Y multilayer mirror technology utilized to image the near-field output of the Ni-like Sn laser at 11.9 nm,” Opt. Lett. 28, 2249 – 2251 (November 15, 2003). [UCRL-JC-152269]

197. J. Filevich, J. J. Rocca, M. C. Marconi, R. F. Smith, J. Dunn, R. Keenan, J. R. Hunter, S. J. Moon, J. Nilsen, A. Ng, and V. N. Shlyaptsev, “Picosecond resolution soft x-ray laser plasma interferometer,” Applied Optics 43, 3938 - 3946 (July 1, 2004).

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198. Raymond F. Smith, James Dunn, James R. Hunter, Joseph Nilsen, Sebastien Hubert, Sylvie Jacquemot, Christian Remond, Remy Marmoret, Marta Fajardo, Philippe Zeitoun, Laurent Vanbostal, Ciaran L. S. Lewis, Marie Francoise Ravet, and Franck Delmotte, “Longitudinal coherence measurements of a transient collisional x-ray laser,” Opt. Lett. 28, 2261 – 2263 (November 15, 2003).

199. J. E. Balmer, F. Staub, S. Bajt, J. Alameda, and J. Nilsen, “Near field spatial imaging of the 11.9 nm Ni-like Sn soft-x-ray laser,” SPIE Proceedings 5197 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V, edited by E. E. Fill and S. Suckewer (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2003), pp. 38 - 42

200. J. Dunn, R. F. Smith, S. Hubert, M. Fajardo, P. Zeitoun, J. R. Hunter, C. Remond, L. Vanbostal, S. Jacquemot, J. Nilsen, C. L. S. Lewis, R. Marmoret, V. N. Shlyaptsev, M. F. Ravet, and F. Delmotte, “Coherence measurements of a transient 14.7 nm X-ray laser,” SPIE Proceedings 5197 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V, edited by E. E. Fill and S. Suckewer (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2003), pp. 43 - 50

201. J. Dunn, R. F. Smith, R. Shepherd, R. Booth, J. Nilsen, J. R. Hunter, and V. N. Shlyaptsev, “Temporal characterization of a picosecond laser-pumped X-ray laser for applications,” SPIE Proceedings 5197 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V, edited by E. E. Fill and S. Suckewer (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2003), pp. 51 - 59

202. J. Filevich, J. J. Rocca, E. C. Hammarsten, E. Jankowska, M. C. Marconi, R. F. Smith, R. Keenan, J. Dunn, S. Moon, V. N. Shlyaptsev, J. Nilsen, and J. R. Hunter, “Interferometric studies of laser-created plasmas using compact soft x-ray lasers,” SPIE Proceedings 5197 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V, edited by E. E. Fill and S. Suckewer (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2003), pp. 143 - 154

203. R. F. Smith, J. Dunn, J. Filevich, S. Moon, J. Nilsen, R. Keenan, V. N. Shlyaptsev, J. J. Rocca, J. R. Hunter, R. Shepherd, R. Booth, and M. C. Marconi, “Improved energy coupling into the gain region of the Ni-like Pd transient collisional x-ray laser,” SPIE Proceedings 5197 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V, edited by E. E. Fill and S. Suckewer (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2003), pp. 155 - 167

204. Joseph Nilsen, James Dunn, and Raymond F. Smith, “Modeling current and proposed COMET X-ray laser experiments,” SPIE Proceedings 5197 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V, edited by E. E. Fill and S. Suckewer (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2003), pp. 205 – 212 [UCRL-JC-150342]

205. V. N. Shlyaptsev, J. Dunn, S. Moon, R. F. Smith, R. Keenan, J. Nilsen, K. B. Fournier, J. Kuba, A. L. Osterheld, , J. J. Rocca, B. Luther, Y. Wang, and M. C. Marconi, “Numerical studies of transient and capillary x-ray lasers and their applications,” SPIE Proceedings 5197 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications V, edited by E. E. Fill and S. Suckewer (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2003), pp. 221 – 228

206. Joseph Nilsen, “Lasers, Extreme UV and Soft X-ray,” The Optics Encyclopedia - Volume 2, edited by Th. G. Brown, K. Creath, H. Kogelnik, M. A. Kriss, J. Schmit, and M. J. Weber (Wiley-VCH, 2004), pp. 1097 – 1110 UCRL-JC-149986

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207. Joseph Nilsen, Alan Jankowski, Lisa Friedman, and Christopher C. Walton, “Developing multi-layer mirror technology near 45 nm using Sc/Si interfaces,” UCRL-TR-202362 (February 13, 2004).

208. F. Staub, M. Braud, J. E. Balmer, J. Nilsen, and S. Bajt, “Simultaneous imaging of the near- and far-field intensity distributions of the Ni-like Sn X-ray laser,” Appl. Phys. B 78, 971 – 974 (May 2004). UCRL-JRNL-205508

209. Joseph Nilsen and James H. Scofield, “Plasmas with index of refraction greater than one,” Opt. Lett. 29, 2677 – 2679 (November 15, 2004). UCRL-JRNL-204901

210. J. Dunn, R.F. Smith, R. Shepherd, R. Booth, J. Nilsen, J.R. Hunter, and V.N. Shlyaptsev, “Temporal Dynamics of a picosecond laser-pumped 14.7 nm x-ray laser,” submitted to Optics Letters (2004).

211. J. Filevich, , J. J. Rocca, M. C. Marconi, S. Moon, J. Nilsen, J. H. Scofield, J. Dunn, R. F. Smith, R. Keenan, J. R. Hunter, and V. N. Shlyaptsev, “Observation of a multiply ionized plasma with index of refraction greater than one,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 035005 (January 28, 2005).

212. F. Staub, M. Braud, J. E. Balmer, J. Nilsen, and S. Bajt, “Simultaneos near-field and far-field imaging of the 11.9 nm Ni-like Sn soft x-ray laser,” Phys. Rev. A 70, 013813 (July 28, 2004).

213. James Dunn, Jorge Filevich, Raymond F. Smith, Stephen J. Moon, Jorge J. Rocca, Roisin Keenan, Joseph Nilsen, Vyacheslav N. Shlyaptsev, James R. Hunter, Andrew Ng, and Mario C. Marconi, “Picosecond 14.7 nm interferometry of high intensity laser-produced plasmas,” Laser and Particle Beams 23, 9 – 13 (January 2005).

214. A. F. Jankowski, C. K. Saw, C. C. Walton, J. P. Hayes, and J. Nilsen, “Boron-carbide barrier layers in scandium-silicon multilayers,” Thin Solid Films 469-70, 372-376 (December 22, 2004).

215. J. E. Balmer, F. Staub, M. Grünig, J. Nilsen and S. Bajt, “Progress in x-ray laser research at IAP-BE,” IOP Conference Series 186 - X-ray Lasers 2004, Jie Zhang, ed., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 2005) pp. 51 – 56

216. R. F. Smith, J. Dunn, J. Nilsen, S. Moon, R. Keenan, R. Shepherd, J. Filevich, J.J. Rocca, M.C. Marconi, and V.N. Shlyaptsev, “Improved energy coupling into the gain region of the Ni-like Pd transient collisional X-ray laser,” IOP Conference Series 186 - X-ray Lasers 2004, Jie Zhang, ed., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 2005) pp. 87 - 93

217. J. Dunn, R. F. Smith, R. Shepherd, R. Booth, J. Nilsen, J. R. Hunter, and V.N. Shlyaptsev, “Pulse duration measurements of a picosecond laser-pumped 14.7 nm X-ray laser,” IOP Conference Series 186 - X-ray Lasers 2004, Jie Zhang, ed., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 2005) pp. 99 - 102

218. Joseph Nilsen and James H. Scofield, “Applications of X-ray lasers utilizing plasmas that are only a few times ionised,” IOP Conference Series 186 - X-ray Lasers 2004, Jie Zhang, ed., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 2005) pp. 491 – 498 [UCRL-PROC-204652]

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219. J. Filevich, J.J. Rocca, M.C. Marconi, J. Nilsen, J. H. Scofield, S. J. Moon, J. Dunn, R. F. Smith, R. Keenan, J. R. Hunter, and V.N. Shlyaptsev, “Evidence of bound electron contribution to soft x-ray laser interferograms of dense plasmas,” IOP Conference Series 186 - X-ray Lasers 2004, Jie Zhang, ed., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 2005) pp. 525 - 529

220. S. Moon, R. F. Smith, J. Dunn, R. Keenan, J. Nilsen, J. R. Hunter, J. Filevich, J.J. Rocca, M.C. Marconi, and V.N. Shlyaptsev, “Pressure gradient effects on two-dimensional plasma expansion,” IOP Conference Series 186 - X-ray Lasers 2004, Jie Zhang, ed., (IOP Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 2005) pp. 551 - 554

221. J. E. Balmer, F. Staub, and J. Nilsen, “Emission time of the Ni-like soft x-ray lasers,” SPIE Proceedings 5919 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications VI, edited by E. E. Fill (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2005), pp. 59190A-1-7

222. J. Grava, M. Purvis, J. Filevich, M. C. Marconi, J. J. Rocca, J. Dunn, S. J. Moon, R. F. Smith, J. Nilsen, and V. N. Shlyaptsev, “Soft x-ray laser interferometry of colliding plasmas,” SPIE Proceedings 5919 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications VI, edited by E. E. Fill (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2005), pp. 59190I-1-7

223. J. Nilsen, W. R. Johnson, C. A. Iglesias, and J. H. Scofield, “Understanding the dramatic role of anomalous dispersion on the measurement of electron densities in plasmas using interferometers,” SPIE Proceedings 5919 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications VI, edited by E. E. Fill (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2005), pp. 59190M-1-13 UCRL-PROC-213896

224. J. Filevich, J. Grava, M. Purvis, J. J. Rocca, M. C. Marconi, S. J. Moon, J. Nilsen, J. H. Scofield, J. Dunn, R. F. Smith, R. Keenan, J. R. Hunter, and V. N. Shlyaptsev, “Soft x-ray laser interferometry unveils plasmas with index of refraction greater than one,” SPIE Proceedings 5919 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications VI, edited by E. E. Fill (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2005), pp. 59190O-1-8

225. R.F. Smith, J. Dunn, J. Filevich, S. Moon, J. Nilsen, R. Keenan, V.N. Shlyaptsev, J.J. Rocca, J.R. Hunter, and M.C. Marconi, “Plasma conditions for improved energy coupling into the gain region of the Ni-like Pd transient collisional x-ray laser,” Phys. Rev E 72, 036404 (September 2005).

226. Joseph Nilsen and Walter R. Johnson, “Plasma interferometry and how the bound-electron contribution can bend fringes in unexpected ways,” Applied Optics 44, 7295 – 7301 (December 1, 2005). [UCRL- JRNL-209655]

227. A. Ritucci, G. Tomassetti, A. Reale, L. Arrizza, P. Zuppella, L. Reale, L. Palladino, F. Flora, E. Bonfigli, A. Faenov, T. Pikuz, J. Kaiser, J. Nilsen, A. F. Jankowski, “Damage and ablation of large bandgap dielectrics induced by a 46.9 nm laser beam,” Opt. Lett. 31, 68 – 70 (January 1, 2006). [UCRL-JRNL-219656]

228. Joseph Nilsen, Walter R. Johnson, Carlos A. Iglesias, and James H. Scofield, “Impact of anomalous dispersion on the interferometer measurements of plasmas,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 99, 425 - 438 (May – June 2006). [UCRL- JRNL-208675]

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229. J. Filevich, J. J. Rocca, M. C. Marconi, S. J. Moon, J. Nilsen, J. H. Scofield, J. Dunn, R. F. Smith, R. Keenan, J. R. Hunter, and V. N. Shlyaptsev, “Observation of multiply ionized plasmas with dominant bound electron contribution to the index of refraction,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 99, 165 - 174 (May – June 2006). [UCRL-JRNL-219597]

230. J. Filevich, J. Grava, M. Purvis, M. C. Marconi, J. J. Rocca, J. Nilsen, J. Dunn, W. R. Johnson, “Prediction and observation of tin and silver plasmas with index of refraction greater than one in the soft X-ray range,” Phys. Rev. E 74, 016404 (July 24, 2006). [UCRL-JRNL-220096]

231. J. Filevich, J. Grava, M. Purvis, M. C. Marconi, J. J. Rocca, J. Nilsen, J. Dunn, W. R. Johnson, “Multiply ionized carbon plasmas with index of refraction greater than one,” Laser and Particle Beams 25, 47 – 51 (January 2007). [UCRL-PROC-223246]

232. Joseph Nilsen, J. I. Castor, C. A. Iglesias, K. T. Cheng, J. Dunn, Walter R. Johnson, Jorge Filevich, J. Grava, M. Purvis, M. C. Marconi, and J. J. Rocca “Looking for anomalous dispersion in weakly ionized plasmas using X-ray laser interferometry,” Springer Proceedings in Physics Volume 115 - X-ray Lasers 2006, P. V. Nickles and K. A. Janulewicz, eds., (Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2007) pp. 725- 734 [UCRL-PROC- 224273]

233. J. Dunn, V.N. Shlyaptsev, J. Nilsen, R.F. Smith, R. Keenan, S. J. Moon, J. Filevich, J.J. Rocca, A.J. Nelson, J.R. Hunter, M.C. Marconi, Y. L. Li, A.L. Osterheld, R. Shepherd, H. Fiedorowicz, A. Bartnik, A. Ya. Faenov, T.A. Pikuz, P. Zeitoun, S. Hubert, S. Jacquemot, and M. Fajardo, “Overview of Tabletop X-ray Laser Development at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,” Springer Proceedings in Physics Volume 115 - X-ray Lasers 2006, P. V. Nickles and K. A. Janulewicz, eds., (Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2007) pp. 1 – 12 [UCRL-PROC- 225933]

234. J. Dunn, S. J. Moon, R.F. Smith, R. Keenan, J. Nilsen, J.R. Hunter, J. Filevich, J. J. Rocca, M.C. Marconi, and V.N. Shlyaptsev, “Hydrodynamic Simulations and Soft X-ray Laser Interferometric Studies of Energy Transport in Tightly Focused Laser-Heated Aluminum Plasmas,” Springer Proceedings in Physics Volume 115 - X-ray Lasers 2006, P. V. Nickles and K. A. Janulewicz, eds., (Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2007) pp. 535 – 540 [UCRL-PROC- 224846]

235. Joseph Nilsen, “The role of EBIT in X-ray laser research,” Can. J. Phys. 86, 19-23 (January 2008) [UCRL-PROC-227556]

236. M. Purvis, J. Grava, J. Filevich, M. C. Marconi, J. J. Rocca, James Dunn, Stephen J. Moon, Joseph Nilsen, Vyacheslav N. Shlyaptsev, and Elizabeth Jankowska “Plasma interactions in laser irradiated semi-cylindrical cavities studied with soft x-ray interferometry using a capillary discharge laser,” SPIE Proceedings 6702 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications VII, edited by Gregory J. Tallents and James Dunn (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2007), pp. 670204-1-11

237. Joseph Nilsen, Walter R. Johnson, and K. T. Cheng, “Searching for plasmas with anomalous dispersion in the soft X-ray regime,” SPIE Proceedings 6702 - Soft X-ray

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Lasers and Applications VII, edited by Gregory J. Tallents and James Dunn (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2007), pp. 67020N-1-10 [UCRL-PROC-234041]

238. Joseph Nilsen, John I. Castor, Carlos A. Iglesias, K. T. Cheng, James Dunn, Walter R. Johnson, Jorge Filevich, Michael A. Purvis, Jonathan Grava, and Jorge J. Rocca, “Understanding the anomalous dispersion of doubly-ionized carbon plasmas near 47 nm,” HEDP 4, 107 – 113 (October 2008) DOI:10.1016/j.hedp.2008.05.003 [LLNL-JRNL-403024]

239. Joseph Nilsen, K. T. Cheng, and Walter R. Johnson, “Advances in understanding the anomalous dispersion of plasmas in the X-ray regime,” Springer Proceedings in Physics Volume 130 - X-ray Lasers 2008, Ciaran L. S. Lewis and Dave Riley, eds., (Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2009) pp. 221 - 230 [LLNL-PROC-407244]

240. Joseph Nilsen, “Using short pulse lasers to drive X-ray lasers.” SPIE Proceedings 7451 - Soft X-ray Lasers and Applications VIII, edited by Gregory J. Tallents and James Dunn (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2009), pp. 74510N-1-8 [LLNL-PROC-415131]

241. Joseph Nilsen and Howard A. Scott, “Using the X-FEL as a source to investigate photo-pumped X-ray lasers,” Springer Proceedings in Physics Volume 136 - X-ray Lasers 2010, Jongmin Lee, Chang Hee Nam, and Karol A. Janulewicz, eds., (Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2011) pp. 47 - 53 [LLNL-PROC-445431]

242. Joseph Nilsen and Howard A. Scott, “Using the X-ray free-electron laser to drive a photo-pumped helium-like neon X-ray laser at 23 nm,” HEDP 7, 6 - 10 (March 2011) [LLNL-JRNL-459332]

243. Joseph Nilsen and Nina Rohringer, “Using the X-FEL to photo-pump X-ray laser transitions in He-like Ne.” SPIE Proceedings 8140 - X-ray Lasers and Coherent X-ray Sources: Development and Applications IX, edited by James Dunn and Annie Klisnick (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2011), pp. 814003-1-8 [LLNL-PROC-496573]

244. W. R. Johnson, J. Nilsen, and K. T. Cheng, “Thomson scattering in the average-atom approximation,” Phys. Rev. E 86, 036410 (September 26, 2012) [LLNL-JRNL-562794]

245. W. R. Johnson, J. Nilsen, and K. T. Cheng, “Average-Atom Model for X-ray Scattering from Warm Dense Matter,” Presentation at Workshop IV: Computational Challenges in Warm Dense Matter at IPAM (UCLA) May 21 - 25, 2012 [LLNL-PROC-597272] http://arxiv.org/abs/1211.0227

246. Yutong Li, Guoqian Liao, Weimin Wang, Chun Li, Luning Su, Yi Zheng, Meng Lui, Wenchao Yan, Mulin Zhou, Fei Du, J. Dunn, J. Hunter, J. Nilsen, Zhengming Sheng, and Jie Zhang, “Studies of the mechanisms of powerful terahertz radiation from laser plasmas,” 2013 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR) [ISBN 978-1-4673-6476-8]

247. J. Nilsen, W. R. Johnson, and K. T. Cheng, “The effect of bound states on X-ray Thomson scattering for partially ionized plasmas,” HEDP 9, 388 - 391 (September 2013) [LLNL-JRNL-608821]

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248. W. R. Johnson, J. Nilsen, and K. T. Cheng, “Resonant bound-free contributions to Thomson scattering of X-rays by warm dense matter,” HEDP 9, 407 - 409 (September 2013) [LLNL-JRNL-610532]

249. Joseph Nilsen, Walter R. Johnson, and K. T. Cheng, “Using the X-FEL to understand X-ray Thomson scattering for partially ionized plasmas,” Springer Proceedings in Physics Volume 147 - X-ray Lasers 2012, S. Sebban, J. Gautier, D. Ros, and P. Zeitoun, eds., (Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2014) pp. 193 - 198 [LLNL-PROC-564720]

250. J. Nilsen, W. R. Johnson, and K. T. Cheng, “X-ray Thomson scattering for partially ionized plasmas including the effect of bound levels,” SPIE Proceedings 8849 - X-ray Lasers and Coherent X-ray Sources: Development and Applications X, edited by Annie Klisnick and Carmen S. Menoni (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2013), pp. 884915-1-6 [LLNL-PROC-643794]

251. Walter R. Johnson and Joseph Nilsen, “Thomson scattering from a three-component plasma,” Phys. Rev. E 89, 023107-1-6 (February 24, 2014) [LLNL-JRNL-647352]

252. A. L. Kritcher, T. Döppner, D. Swift, J. Hawreliak, G. Collins, J. Nilsen, B. Bachmann, E. Dewald, D. Strozzi, S. Felker, O.L. Landen, O. Jones, C. Thomas, J. Hammer, C. Keane, H.J. Lee, S. H. Glenzer, S. Rothman, D. Chapman, D. Kraus, P. Neumayer, R.W. Falcone, “Probing matter at Gbar pressures at the NIF,” HEDP 10, 27 – 34 (March 2014). [LLNL-JRNL-xxxxxx]

253. D. A. Chapman, D. Kraus, A. L. Kritcher, B. Bachmann, G. W. Collins, R.W. Falcone, J. A. Gaffney, D. O. Gericke, S. H. Glenzer, T. M. Guymer, J. A. Hawreliak, O.L. Landen, S. Le Pape, T. Ma, P. Neumayer, J. Nilsen, A. Pak, R. Redmer, D. C. Swift, J. Vorberger, and T. Döppner, “Simulating x-ray Thomson scattering signals from high-density, millimeter-scale plasmas at the National Ignition Facility,” Phys. Plasmas 21, 082709 (August 2014).

254. Joseph Nilsen, “Comparing the gain of the Ne K-α inner-shell X-ray laser using the XFEL to drive the kinetics with photo-ionization versus photo-excitation,” Springer Proceedings in Physics Volume xxx - X-ray Lasers 2014, J. J. Rocca, C. S. Menoni, and M. C. Marconi, eds., (Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 201x) pp. xxx – xxx [LLNL-PROC-656857]

255. Joseph Nilsen, “Lasers, Extreme UV and Soft X-ray,” The Optics Encyclopedia - Volume 2-update, edited by Th. G. Brown, K. Creath, H. Kogelnik, M. A. Kriss, J. Schmit, and M. J. Weber (Wiley-VCH, 2015), pp. xx-xx LLNL-JRNL-666571

256. Joseph Nilsen, “Using the XFEL to drive the gain of inner-shell X-ray lasers using photoionization and photoexcitation processes,” SPIE Proceedings xxxx - X-ray Lasers and Coherent X-ray Sources: Development and Applications XI, edited by Annie Klisnick and Carmen S. Menoni (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 201x), pp. xxxx [LLNL-PROC-676417]

257. Heather D. Whitley, W. Edward Alley, William H. Cabot, John I. Castor, Joseph Nilsen, and Hugh E. DeWitt, “Localization and screening enhancement in asymmetric binary ionic mixtures,” Contrib. Plas. Phys. 55, 413-420 (May 2015).

258. G. Q. Liao, Y. T. Li, C. Li, L. N. Su, Y. Zheng, M. Lui, W. M. Wang, Z. D. Hu, W. C. Yan, J. Dunn, J. Nilsen, J. Hunter, Y. Liu, X. Wang, L. M. Chen, J. L. Ma, X. Lu, Z. Jin,

JOSEPH NILSEN

R. Kodama, Z. M. Sheng, and J. Zhang, “Bursts of terahertz radiation from large-scale plasmas irradiated by relativistic picosecond laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 255001 (June 26, 2015).

259. J. Nilsen, B. Bachmann, G. B. Zimmerman, R. Hatarik, T. Döppner, D. Swift, J. Hawreliak, G. W. Collins, R. W. Falcone, S. H. Glenzer, D. Kraus, O. L. Landen, and A. L. Kritcher, “Using neutrons to measure keV temperatures in highly compressed plastic at multi-Gbar pressures,” submitted to HEDP 2015. [LLNL-JRNL-673670]

260. Joseph Nilsen, “Modeling the gain of inner-shell X-ray laser transitions in neon, argon, and copper driven by X-ray FEL radiation using photo-ionization and photo-excitation processes,” submitted to Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2015. [LLNL-JRNL-676720]