Joining the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) ETD Project Team Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA [email protected].

Joining the Networked Digital Library of Theses and

Dissertations (NDLTD)

ETD Project Team

Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA

http://www.ndltd.org [email protected]

The Worldwide ETD Initiative:

PIs:Ed Fox - Computer Science ([email protected])

John Eaton - Graduate School ([email protected])Gail McMillan - Library ([email protected])

GRAs:Neill Kipp - Computer Science

Paul Mather - Computer Science

Infrastructure: Network Virginia (vBNS, Internet 2)

Blacksburg Electronic Village

ETD Team

ETDInitiative

SGML (1985)

PDF(1992)

DL (1994)

LibraryCancellations

(1988)

UniversityScholarlyElectronic

Pub. (1988)

Info.Literacy(1995)

GraduateEducation

Internet(1984)

WWW(1994)

Multimedia(1986)

Media

ETD Web Sitehttp://www.ndltd.org/

ETDs Got Your Interest?

Graduate Students

ChronicleNPRNY Times ...

U. Laval

What are the key ideas? People can switch to electronic documents

– Becoming more expressive with hypermedia Mandating ETDs will change all future

scholarship Scalability

– Empower authors to submit to DL, as a natural part of the educational process

– Study workflow & apply automation, so institutions streamline processing and build their part of the DL

– Federate along most suitable cultural/political lines

Key Ideas: Networked infrastructure

Scalability

Education is the rationale

University collaboration

Workflow, automation

Authors must submitMaximal access

PDF, SGML, MMStandards

Federated search

8th graders vs. grads

MARC, DC, URNs

What led to today’s meeting? 1987 mtg in Ann Arbor: UMI, VT, … 1992 mtg in Washington: CNI, CGS, UMI, VT and 10

universities with 3 reps each 1993 mtg in Atlanta to start Monticello Electronic

Library (MEL): SURA, SOLINET 1994 mtg in Blacksburg re ETD project: std of PDF +

SGML + multimedia objects 1996 funding by SURA and US Dept. of Education

(FIPSE) for regional, national projects (NDLTD)

Aiding universities to enhance grad educ., publishing and IPR efforts: to help improve the availability and content of theses and dissertations

Educating ALL future scholars so they can publish electronically and effectively use digital libraries (i.e., are Information Literate and can be more expressive)

What are we doing?

What are the benefits?

Save students money Save handling, shelf space in libraries Build the Networked Digital Library of Theses and

Dissertations: with faster, broader, and less expensive access

Demonstrate how universities can work together directly (vs. indirectly through publishers or associations)

What are the long term goals? 400K US students / year getting grad degrees are

exposed / involved 200K/yr rich hypermedia ETDs that may turn into

electronic portfolios Dramatic increase in knowledge sharing: lit.

reviews, bibliographies, … Services providing lifelong access for students:

browse, search, prior searches, citation links

Record all work with NDLTD, return to prior situation, prepare bibliography

Powerful (multilingual, text, image) searching, browsing (with categories), following citation links

Support collaboration with others in same field: help with literature review, sharing tools and data sets, applying their methods

Grad Student Workstation?

How are ETDs being done at Virginia Tech?

Some produced w. SGML (XML) Most produced using standard word processing

packages as PDF files– LaTeX class, outline fonts– Word template, PDFwriter

Reviewed by the Graduate School Cataloged and archived by the library Ds downloaded by UMI from server

NDLTD

Computer Resources

Research

Literature

Student Prepares Thesis or Dissertation

Student Defends and Finalizes ETD

My Thesis

ETD

Student Gets Committee Signatures and Submits ETD

Signed

Grad School

Graduate School Approves ETD Student is Graduated

Ph.D.

Library Catalogs ETD and New StudentsHave Access to the New Research

WWW

NDLTD

Status of the Local Project Approved by university governance Spring

1996; required starting 1/1/97 Submission & access software in place Submission workshops for students (and

faculty) occur often: beginner/adv. Faculty training as part of Faculty

Development Initiative Over 1000 ETDs in collection by 4/98

Statistics 30-40K accesses/week to WWW site 300K accesses of ETD HTML pages

– 80K downloads of PDF version of ETDs– 5 most popular ETDs: 10K, 8K, 2800, 2500, ...

Multimedia content: about 65% have some– 45% have images, 5% have movies– 1 w. 85 VRML files, 1 w. 378M Director file

See details: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/ OCLC has about 3.5M TD MARC records UMI Dissertation Abstracts has 1.5M entries

Initial Stats

1996 1997

Total successful requests: 37,171 247,573Average successful requests per day: 102 685Requests for .PDF files ( full ETDs): 4,600 72, 854Requests for .HTML file 28,225 129,831Distinct hosts served 9,015 22,725Total data transferred: 3,229M 25,953MAverage data transferred per day: 9,038K 73,574K

Popular Works 1996458 Seevers, Gary L. Identification of Criteria for Delivery of Theological Education Through Distance Education: An International Delphi Study (Ph.D., Educational Research and Evaluation, April 1993; 1353Kb)

432 Hohauser, Robyn Lisa. The Social Construction of Technology: The Case of LSD (MS in Science and Technology Studies, Feb. 1995; 244Kb)

390 Childress, Vincent William. The Effects of Technology Education, Science, and Mathematics Integration Upon Eighth Grader's Technological Problem-Solving Ability (Ph.D. in Vocational and Technical Education, July 1994; 285Kb)

310 Kuhn, William B. Design of Integrated, Low Power, Radio Receivers in BiCMOS Technologies (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Dec. 1995; 2Mb)

287 Sprague, Milo D. A High Performance DSP Based System Architecture for Motor Drive Control ( MS in Electrical Engineering, May 1993; 878Kb)

165 Wallace, Richard A. Regional Differences in the Treatment of Karl Marx by the Founders of American Academic Sociology (MS in Sociology, Nov. 1993; 479Kb)

150 McKeel, Scott Andrew. Numerical Simulation of the Transition Region in Hypersonic Flow (Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering, Feb. 1996; 3Mb)

Popular Works 19979920 Liu, Xiangdong. Analysis and Reduction of Moire Patterns inScanned Halftone Pictures (Ph.D. in Computer Science, May 1996; 6.6Mb)

7656 Petrus, Paul. Novel Adaptive Array Algorithms and Their Impact on Cellular System Capacity (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, March 1997; 5Mb)

2781 Agnes, Gregory Stephen. Performance of Nonlinear Mechanical, Resonant-Shunted Piezoelectric, and Electronic Vibration Absorbers for Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Structures (Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics, Sept. 1997; ? + 7926Kb)

2492 Gonzalez, Reinaldo J. Raman, Infrared, X-ray, and EELS Studies of Nanophase Titania (Ph.D. in Physics, July 1996; 4607Kb)

1877 Shih, Po-Jen. On-Line Consolidation of Thermoplastic Composites (Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics, Feb. 1997; 3.3Mb)

1791 Saldanha, Kevin J. Performance Evaluation of DECT in Different Radio Environments (MS in Electrical Engineering, Aug. 1996; 3.2Mb)

1431 DeVaux, David. A Tutorial on Authorware (MS in CS, April 1996; 2.3Mb)

1394 Kuhn, William B. Design of Integrated, Low Power, Radio Receivers in BiCMOS Technologies (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Dec. 1995; 2518Kb)

International Use 1996 1997 850 2,922 United Kingdom 608 2,501 Australia 346 2,378 Germany 713 2,367 Canada 387 1,264 South Korea 463 1,161 France 183 1,130 Brazil 22 967 Thailand 83 958 Greece

Universities that have Expressed Interest in the Project

Cal Tech Duke Univ. George Mason U. Mississippi State Oklahoma State Penn State Portland State Tech. U. Munich

Texas A & M Texas Womens U. Univ. Arizona Univ. Colorado Univ. Texas at Austin Univ. Umea (Sweden) Washington State

Universities Visiting / Visited byVirginia Tech Staff

Auburn CMU Columbia Drexel U. Florida Int’l Univ. Georgia Tech James Madison U. MIT (Nat’l Lib. Canada) Nat’l Univ. Singapore New York U. Ohio State U. Rice Univ. Rutgers Univ. San Jose State U. Stanford Univ. Tech. Univ. Portugal U. Alabama

U. Alabama Birmingham U. CA Berkeley U. CA Santa Barbara U. Central Florida U. Delaware U. Denver U. Florida U. Ill. Urbana Champaign U. Michigan U. NC Charlotte U. North Florida U. Pennsylvania U. Utah Virginia CommonwealthU. William & Mary

Universities OfficiallyPart of NDLTD

U. Laval (Canada) U. Maine U. of New South Wales (Australia) U. of South Florida U. of Tennessee, Knoxville U. of Tennessee, Memphis U. of Virginia U. Waterloo (Canada) U. Wisconsin - Madison Vanderbilt U. Virginia Tech West Virginia U. Wilfrid Laurier U. (Canada)

Clemson UniversityConcordia University (Illinois)Darmstadt U. of Tech. (Germany)Florida Institute of Tech.Gyeongsang National U. (S. Korea)Michigan TechNaval Postgraduate SchoolNorth Carolina State U.Rhodes U. (South Africa)Rochester Institute of Tech.University of FloridaUniversity of GeorgiaUniversity of Guelph (Canada)University of Hawaii, Manoa

Who are sponsors / cooperators? Funding, Donations of hardware/software

– SURA– US Dept. of Education (FIPSE)– Adobe Systems– IBM– Microsoft– OCLC

Letters about making ETDs accessible– ACM; Elsevier Science; IEEE-CS

Joined NDLTD– CIC (Big 10) HQ; CNI

Others Serving on Steering Committee– CGS, National Lib. Canada, SOLINET, UMI,

UTOG (UK), ...

How does this relate to UMI?

1987 UMI workshop to explore ETDs Support letter for US Dept. of Ed. proposal Steering and technical committee membership ProQuest Direct pilot of scanning works started

1/1/97 Collaborating on:

– accepting electronic author submissions– standards (e.g., representation), research

ETD Initiative (and UMI)

StudentsLearn aboutDL, EPub

TDsbecome more

expressive

N. Amer. (T)Ds areaccessible, archived

Global TDsbecome more

accessible,archived

UMI

Universities

User Search Support

NDLTD W orld Federated Search

Virg in ia Tech ...(un iv )

U M I ...(corporate)

C IC ...(un iv group)

Portugese N L ...(national lib)

N AT O ...(reg ional)

UserInterface

Note: Above are illustrative, in some cases potential.

Interoperability Tests Planned IBM DL: donated equipment, technical support,

powerful IPR (see TOIS, D-Lib) Z39.50: OCLC SiteSearch / VT tailored s/w

– university libraries w. catalogs of freely shared MARC records pointing to archival copies

– via URNs: handles & PURLs Dienst / NCSTRL - www.ncstrl.org: CS depts.,

DARPA, NSF, CNRI, Cornell - UVA is working on extensions for ETDs - Portugal is studying use for Europe - VT is working on Dienst to Z39.50 gateway

Access Approaches

Goal: Maximize access and services, e.g., by encouraging:

UMI centralized services Distributed service: Dienst, Z39.50 Regional services (e.g., CIC, MEL) Local servers with browse, search

– From local catalogs to local archives WWW robot indexing and search services

Why might your university want to be involved?

To improve graduate education / better prepare your students

To unlock university information To save money for students and for the

university / improve workflow To build an important digital library

supported by SURA, FIPSE

How can your university get involved?

Select planning/implementation team– Graduate School– Library– Computing / Information Technology– Institutional Research / Educ. Tech.

Send us letter, give us contact names Adapt Virginia Tech solution

– Build interest and consensus– Start trial / allow optional submission

Contact Our Project Team

[email protected]

Phone CallVisit

Video Tape

Convene Local Planning Group

ETD

Join NDLTD: Get a CD-ROM

WE JOIN

Signed Letter

ETD CD-ROM

Build Your ETD Site

Digital Library

Policies

Inspection/Approval

Workshop/Training

ETD

ETD

Type 1 Members University Requires ETDs

Adobe Acrobat and/or SGML tools Automated submission & processing Archive/access through UMI,

(OCLC,) Virginia Tech, ... (Local) WWW site, publicity (Local) Assistance provided as

requested: email, phone, listserv(s)

Type 2 Members University Agrees to Require ETDs

Like Type 1 but set date not reached Usually has an option or pilot May: wait for new AY; start with all who enter

after; … Build grass roots support

– Advisory committee: representative? expert?– Champions to spread by word of mouth– Approval: Senates, Commissions, Deans, Students– Publicity to reach community

Type 3 Members Part of University Requires ETDs

Often required when no Graduate School or when university is highly distributed

WWW site, submission software, change practices in graduate school and library

Seeks to broaden interest at University Will train and assist students

Type 4 Members University Allows Submissions

Exploring arrangement with local library, OCLC, VT and/or UMI re archival services

Shares MARC records, with URNs pointing to archive copy

(Stock laboratories) (Run servers: search, URN) (Launch evaluation program)

Type 5 Members University Investigating or Has Pilot

Can benefit from other members shareware or data resources

Can study reports prepared earlier by other types of members

Can benefit from services provided to NDLTD members

Type 6 Members University Consortium Supports ETDs

May join as whole or also may have individual universities join too

Example, CIC Hq joined, and U. Wisc. Madison plans to require

Fits in case where national library or other gov group will play lead role (e.g., Portugal, Russia)

Type 7 Members Non-University Organization Supports ETDs

Allows those that contribute to be recognized

Should fit those on Steering Committee or Technical Advisory Committee

Should work for government agencies, corporations, associations, ...

Support Services Developed

WWW site with > 300 Mbytes, CD Automated submission system Student guidelines, style sheets, training

materials, FAQs, press info SGML DTD for ETDs SGML to HTML (web generator) LaTeX, Word templates, converters Multimedia educ. materials, Videotape

Support Offered

Software, documentation, tech support Email, listservs ([email protected], -eval, -

grad, -library, -technical) Donations: Adobe, Microsoft Evaluation: instruments, analysis (Temporary storage / archiving) (Aid - in setting up an international service

and archive)

Relationship with publishers

Concern of faculty and students that still wish to publish books or journal articles, voiced: campus, Chronicle, NPR, Times

Solution: Approval Form gives students, faculty choices on access, when to change access condition; use IPR controls in DL

Solution: by case, work with publishers and publisher associations to increase access– AAP, AAUP– AAAS, ACM, ACS, Elsevier, ...

Some responses from publishers

ACM: need to acknowledge copyright Elsevier: need to acknowledge copyright IEEE-CS: endorse initiative AAAS: Science wants first publication Textbook publishers: different market,

manuscript significantly reworked General: restricting access to local campus will

not cause any problems

Future Work Working with publishers to increase level of access as

much as possible Interoperability tests among universities and with UMI

to provide integrated services Study with testbed that emerges, to improve

information retrieval, browsing, interface, and other types of user support

Evaluation, improving learning experience, spread to worldwide initiative, sustainable support and coordination