[email protected] oop Achieving a Mobility Revolution in Asia through Non-Motorised Transport John Whitelegg Stockholm Environment Institute United Kingdom
[email protected] Achieving a Mobility Revolution in Asia through Non-Motorised Transport John Whitelegg Stockholm Environment Institute United.
Dec 27, 2015
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Achieving a Mobility Revolution in Asia through Non-Motorised Transport
John Whitelegg
Stockholm Environment InstituteUnited Kingdom
The Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)
SEI is an independent, international research institute specializing in sustainable development and environment issues. The SEI mission developed from the insights gained at the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm (after which the Institute derives its name), the work of the (Brundtland) World Commission for Environment and Development and the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development.
SEI’s mission is to support decision-making and induce change towards sustainable development around the world by providing integrative knowledge that bridges science and policy in the field of environment and development.
Mission
Atm ospheric Environm ent Program me
Sustainable D evelopm ent Studies Program m e
Risk and Vulnerability Program me
Clim ate and Energy Program m e
Water Resources Program me
The Impact of the Problem
Environmental Risks
Global Estimate
Asian Estimate
Asia as a percent
of Global Unsafe Water 1,730,000 730,000 42% Urban Outdoor Air
799,000 487,000 61%
Indoor Air 1,619,000 1,025,000 63% Lead 234,000 88,000 37% Source: WHO, 2002
“Air pollution puts the lives of Millions at risk in Asian cities”
Premature Deaths
UPI Heidelberg (Germany)
• Published in 1995• Global population of vehicles will be 2.3
billion in 2030• Fuel demand will increase from 650 mt
to 1.3 billion tonne• CO2 equivalent emissions will increase
from 4.4 billion tonnes to 10 billion tonnes
UPI (cont)
• Road deaths will increase from 0.5 million to 2.5 million by 2030 and most deaths will be in poorer countries
• Injuries will increase from 9 million to 60 million by 2030
• Permanently handicapped will increase from 0.8 million to 5.7 million by 2030
Consequences
• Air Pollution
• Premature death
• Health care costs
• Social inequity (the poor are killed by the rich)
• Loss of land
Land Take for Future Transport
• The land requirement for new roads and car parking will rise from 50,000 sq kms to 200,000 sq kms by 2030
• This land take (in 2030) is enough to feed 80 million people
• The last crop that will be grown on this land is tarmac and concrete
Huge Social Costs
• Streets become traffic sewers
• Communities are destroyed
• The elderly suffer
• Children are killed and seriously injured
• Social polarisation (do we want to live in this kind of world?)
Deaths and Injuries (WHO 2004)
• 1.2 million people are killed in road crashes each year
• 50 million are injured• 3000 people die every day• 85% of the deaths are from low and
middle income countries• By 2020 RTI will be 3rd leading cause of
disease and injury
world car population
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1950
1956
1962
1968
1974
1980
1986
1992
mill
ions
People with and without cars
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1950
1956
1962
1968
1974
1980
1986
1992
mill
ions
w ithout
w ith
Polarization
U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Transportation Technologies
Western Europe16.8 million
Decades of uncontrolled suburban sprawl conceived around the motor car have left them unable to walk even if they wish to.
Fatter and Less Fit
TIA versus TINA
• Non-motorised transport
• Land use planning
• Fiscal re-balancing
• Demand management
• Highway space reallocation
Non-Motorised Transport
• Walking (including walking to bus stops and train stations)
• Cycling
• Rickshaws
Best Practice in NMT
• Bike lanes and pedestrian facilities in Bogota
• Taj Mahal cycle taxi improvement project (ITDP)
• Kolkata integrated transport plan (Eco-Logica)
• Bicycle Master Plan for Delhi (TRIPP)
Drawing the Road Map to NMT
• Citizen participation, media attention and political prioritisation (and include women, children and the elderly)
• Budget reallocation
• Pilot projects in all major Asian cities
• Evaluation
• Redefinition of measures and targets
The NMT Tool Kit
• Identify and build safe, secure, direct well managed, shaded and well drained bike and pedestrian paths
• Connect the places that people want to visit/travel to
• All bus/train/BRT thinking to be linked to pedestrian and cycle access
SMART
• Need to have a vision
• Must be geographically relevant and sensitive (what “goes” in Delhi might not work in Kolkata or Manila or Beijing)
• Must be based on citizen involvement
Delhi (TRIPP)
Geetam Tiwari
Planning for bicycles and other non motorised modes
Transportation Research and Injury Prevention programme, IIT, Delhi
Link to Sustainability Strategies
• Greenhouse gas reduction
• Air quality improvement
• Better health though better air quality and physical exercise
• Sustainable cities( accessibility rich and socially just)
Increase in Air Pollution for Kolkata if rickshaws are banned
(tonnes)
Daily Annual
Optimistic CO 177.1 64,641HC 21.9 7,993NOx 10.3 3,760
Pessimistic CO 207.3 75,664HC 25.3 9,235NOx 8.0 2,920
Reinforcement
• Leadership
• Constant messages
• Intelligent travel
• Citizen panels/citizen juries
• Quality control
Rich Country Responsibilities
• To do the same with vigour and conviction (traffic reduction, NMT and sustainable cities)
• To adopt Vision Zero (Swedish road safety strategy)
• To question the role of European car manufactures in Asia
• To adopt ethical consultancy and project finance guidelines
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