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i b o o o o o o aJOHNSON & MALHOTRA,P.C.ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERS
—^April 17, 1989 EPA Region 5 Records Ctr.
243546Mr. Michael YangRemedial Project ManagerU.b1.
Environmental Protection Agency230 S. Dearborn StreetChicago, IL
60604
Subject: Technical Memoranda For Field ActivitiesHunts Disposal
Landfill SiteRacine County, Wisconsin
Work Assignment No.: 2-5L3DEPA Contract No.: 68-01-7403Document
No.: 002-CCJM-EP-4035-0
Dear Mr. Yang:
The REM V team is pleased to submit the technical memoranda
forfield activities performed at the Hunts Disposal Landfill
Sitelocated in Racine County, Wisconsin. A memorandum has
beenincluded for each field task performed during the period
fromDecember 1988 through early March 1989.
The technical memoranda have been provided to inform you of
theactivities conducted at the site. They contain details of
thescope of each task, the methods utilized, and sampling
locations.The memoranda are in the same format that will be
utilized for theRemedial Investigation (RI) Report and are intended
to be useddirectly in the Draft RI . The use of this format for the
memorandaallows you to see what the RI format will be like, review
andprovide com-ments arid results in cost and time savings for
theoverall project.
Enclosed are Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9. Additional
sectionswill be prepared after the remaining field work is
performed. Weare currently mobilizing to complete the remaining
field tasks andthe second round of sampling. We plan to be at the
site on April24, 1989 for a duration of approximately one
month.
If you have any questions or comments, please contact me.
Very truly yours,
C. C. JOHNSON & MALHOTRA, P.C.
Sidney F. Paige, D . Env . MPHSite Manager
SFP:sth
Enclosure
cc : KileWRJ-Washington, D.C.CCJM-Chicago, ILCCJM-Silver Spring,
MDDocument Control
200 WEST ADAMS STREET • SUITE 1601 • CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 60606 •
(312)621-3944
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3.0 SURFICIAL SOIL INVESTIGATION
3.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
Soil samples were collected from the surface of the landfill
andsurrounding areas to determine the extent of contamination of
thelandfill cover and the horizontal extent of surface
contamination.The sample results provided information to help
characterizelandfill waste materials and identify surficial
migration ofcontaminants from the landfill. These data also
providedinformation necessary to assess the risk posed to persons
andanimals onsite and in the surrounding areas.
In order to obtain the necessary data, samples were collected
fromfour general locations as follows:
o Cover Material - locations on the landfill soil coverthat was
placed over the waste.
o Areas of Erosion - locations on the landfill where thecover
material has been partially or fully eroded. Atsome locations waste
material was visible at the surface.
o Surrounding the Landfill - locations at the perimeter ofthe
landfill.
o Background - locations that appeared to be undisturbedby
landfilling activities based on historical data andobservations
while onsite.
3.2 METHODOLOGY
Soil samples were collected on December 19 and 20, 1988.
Asspecified in the Sampling and Analysis Plan, all samples were
tobe collected for full TCL organics and TAL organics analyses by
theContract Laboratory Program (CLP). Samples were to be
collectedusing stainless steel spoons or scoops. However, due to
the frozenground at most locations, the spoons would not penetrate
the soil.
The alternate method selected involved chiselling the soil from
theground surface using decontaminated steel chisels and a
hammer.Samples were collected from approximately 0 to 2 inches
below theground surface. Once loosened, the soil was transferred
todecontaminated stainless steel bowls using decontaminated
stainlesssteel spoons. Soil in the bowl was chopped into small
pieces andmixed before being transferred to the sample containers.
Thevolatile organic analysis component of each sample was
notcollected because of the extreme agitation of the soil
duringsampling collection and the inability to adequately pack the
soilinto the volatile organic sample containers. Samples for
volatileorganic analysis will be collected from the same locations
at afuture date when the ground is not frozen.
3-1
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Soil samples were collected from 36 locations as shown on
Figures3-1 and 3-2. Figure 3-1 indicates sampling locations in
thelandfill area. Figure 3-2 presents background surface
soillocations. The sample locations are grouped by category
(covermaterial, areas of erosion, areas surrounding the
landfill,background) in Table 3-1. In addition, brief descriptions
of thelocations and samples are provided.
3-2
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S C A L EO 2OO
REM V
LANDFILL SOIL SAMPLE LOCATIONSHUNTS DISPOSAL LANDFILL SITE
CALEDONIA, Wl
D A T E
APRIL 1989
C.C.JOHNSON & M A L H O T R A . P . C . 3-3
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S C A L E0 300
D A T EAPRIL 1989
REM V
BACKGROUND SOIL SAMPLE LOCATIONSHUNTS DISPOSAL LANDFILL SITE
CALEDONIA, Wl
FIGURE
3-2
C.C.JOHNSON & MALHOTRA.P .C . 3-4
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TABLE 3-1
SOIL SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONSHUNTS DISPOSAL LANDFILL SITE
CALEDONIA, WI
SAMPLE NUMBER
COVER MATERIAL
SL-9SL-10SL-16SL-17SL-23SL-24SL-36
AREAS OF EROSION
SL-2SL-3SL-5SL-7SL-8SL-11SL-15SL-19SL-20SL-22SL-25SL-2 8
LOCATION DESCRIPTION
GrassyPoorly vegetatedPoorly vegetatedBarrenPoorly
vegetatedGrassyModerately vegetated
BarrenBarrenBarrenBarrenBarrenBarrenBarrenPoorly
vegetatedBarrenBarrenPoorly vegetatedBarren
SURROUNDING THE LANDFILL
SL-1SL-4SL-6SL-12SL-13SL-14SL-18SL-21SL-26SL-27SL-29SL-30
GrassyGrassyGrassyGrassyGrassyGrassy/woodedPoorly
vegetated/woodedPoorly vegetated/woodedGrassyGrassyGrassyGrassy
SOIL DESCRIPTION
SiltSilty fine to medium sandSilty medium sandFine to medium
sandSilty fine sandSilty fine sandFine to medium sand
Clayey siltFine sandFine to medium sandSilty fine sandFine to
medium sandSilty fine sandFine sandClayey, fine sandy siltSilty
fine sandClayey, silty fine sandSilty claySilty clay
Silt and fine sandClayey siltSiltFine sandy siltClayey
siltClayey siltClayey siltClayey siltSiltSilty clayClaySilty
clay
BACKGROUND
SL-31SL-32SL-33SL-34SL-35
GrassyBarren/woodedGrassy/woodedGrassy/woodedPoorly
vegetated/wooded
SiltSiltSilty, clayey medium sandClayey siltClayey silt
3-5
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4.0 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT INVESTIGATION
4.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The surface water and sediment investigation was conducted
todetermine the nature and extent of contaminant migration from
thelandfill into these media. Samples were collected from the
RootRiver, the onsite lake, marshes, intermittent streams in
thevicinity of the landfill, and background locations.
Theselocations were selected to identify potential migration
ofcontaminants from the landfill via surface water runoff,
erosionand shallow groundwater discharge. All samples were
collected forTCL organic and TAL metals analyses by the CLP.
Surface water and sediment samples were collected from 20
locationsduring December 6-13, 1988. Two locations in the middle of
theonsite lake were not collected because the lake was frozen.
Asecond round of surface water samples will be collected at a
futuredate. Samples from the middle of the lake will be collected
duringthe second round of sampling.
4.2 METHODOLOGY
Twenty-five surface water samples were collected from 20
locationsduring the investigation. Surface water sample locations
are shownon Figure 4-1. At each of the five locations on the Root
River(SW-15 through SW-19) two samples were collected. One sample
wascollected at the surface near the landfill side shore. The
othersample was collected near the bottom of the river in the
center ofthe channel. Table 4-1 provides a description of each
surfacewater sampling location. Surface and subsurface samples
collectedfrom the Root River were designated with the letters A and
B, re-spectively.
At most locations, samples were collected by allowing the
surfacewater to flow directly into the sample containers. At
fourlocations where the surface water was shallow (SW-9 through
SW-12)a dedicated 8 02. glass intermediate sample bottle was used
tocollect the sample. Water was decanted from the
intermediatebottle into the inorganic and semivolatile organic
analysis samplecontainers. Volatile organic analysis sample
containers werefilled directly from the surface water. At eight
locations ice wasremoved from the surface prior to sample
collection (SW-4,7,15through 20).
The five subsurface river samples were collected by wading to
thedesired sampling location. A clean 80 oz. amber glass
intermediatesample bottle was immersed upstream of the sampler to a
depth 6 to12 inches from the river bottom and allowed to fill.
Inorganic andvolatile organic analysis sample containers were
filled using theintermediate bottle. Semivolatile organic analysis
sample bottleswere filled directly. Subsurface samples were
originally intended
4-1
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SW-14COUNTY LINE RO
SURFACE WATERSAMPLE LOCATION
S C A L E500'O'
D A T E
APRIL 1989
REM V
SURFACE WATER SAMPLE LOCATIONSHUNTS DISPOSAL LANDFILL SITE
CALEDONIA, Wl
FIGURE
4-1
C.C.JOHNSON & M^ L H O T R A . P . C .
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TABLE 4-1
SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONSHUNTS DISPOSAL
LANDFILL SITE
CALEDONIA, WI
SAMPLENUMBER
123456769101112131415A15B16A16B17A17BISA18B19A19B20
SURFACE WATERLOCATION
Flowing streamGravel pit lakeOnsite lakeMarshOnsite lakeOnsite
lakeOnsite lakeStagnant streamStagnant
streamMarshMarshMarshMarshFlowing streamRoot River - shoreRoot
River - centerRoot River - shoreRoot River - centerRoot River -
shoreRoot River - centerRoot River - shoreRoot River - centerRoot
River - shoreRoot River - centerGravel pit lake
SEDIMENTDESCRIPTION
Fine sand and siltSilty, gravelly sandFine to medium sandSilt
and clayGravelly, medium sandGravelly, fine sandSandy claySilt and
claySiltClayey siltClayey siltSiltSilt and claySiltSiltNo sample
collectedSilty, gravelly sandNo sample collectedSilty, gravelly
sandNo sample collectedClayey siltNo sample collectedSilt and
clayNo sample collectedSilty, gravelly sand
4-3
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to be collected and conveyed to the surface using a stainless
steelKemmerer sampler. However due to the shallow depth of the
river(2-3 feet), direct immersion of the bottles was
consideredappropriate. One sample (SW-19B) was collected using the
Kemmerersampler.
For each surface water sample, an additional container was
filledfor the determination of temperature, pH, conductivity,
dissolvedoxygen and hardness. These parameters were determined
using fieldinstruments and analyses. Field measurements for each
sample areprovided in Appendix . All of the measurements were
within theexpected ranges for surface water samples.
Twenty sediment samples were collected from the same locations
asthe surface water samples. Sediment samples were collected
afterthe surface water samples were collected to prevent the
inclusionof entrained sediment in the surface water samples.
Samples fromthe Root River were only collected near the bank where
sedimentaccumulation occurred. Sediment sample locations are shown
onFigure 4-2. Descriptions of the sampling location and the
sedimentare provided for each sample in Table 4-1.
Sediment was collected from the top four inches at each
locationusing long-handled, decontaminated stainless steel
spoons.Sediment was scooped with a spoon and placed into a
decontaminatedstainless steel bowl until the bowl was full. Gravel
and plantmaterial was removed from the collected sediment prior to
fillingthe sample containers. The volatile organic analysis
container wasfilled first using a stainless steel spoon. The
remainder of thesediment in the bowl was thoroughly mixed prior to
beingtransferred to the inorganic and semivolatile organic
analysissample containers.
4-4
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SD-14COUNTY LINE RO
GRAVELPIT 1 L J '
SEVEN MILE RD.
SEDIMENT SAMPLE LOCATION
REM V
SEDIMENT SAMPLE LOCATIONSHUNTS DISPOSAL LANDFILL SITE
CALEDONIA,
D A T EAPRIL 1989
C.C.JOHNSON & M A L H O T R A . P . C .4-5
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5.0 GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION
5.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
Soil borings were made at the Hunts Disposal Landfill Site
toevaluate local geologic conditions, to obtain samples of
subsurfacesoil for chemical and physical laboratory analysis and to
installgroundwater monitor wells. This section describes the
geologicinvestigation associated with the borings. This section
includesa description of the drilling methodogy and the
geologicinterpretation of the upper sediments. Section 6 describes
themethods, and results of chemical analysis of the
split-spoonsamples taken during the geologic investigation. The
monitor wellsare discussed in Section 7.0.
Soil borings were completed at 12 locations at the periphery of
thelandfill and on adjoining properties. Eight of these
locationsconsisted of clustered shallow and deep borings and four
locationshad single, shallow borings. Deep soil borings were
drilled intothe top of the silt/clay till to characterize the till
and allowinstallation of deep monitor wells at the top of this
layer(screened in the overlying sand and gravel). The shallow
boreholeswere drilled to allow installation of shallow monitor
wells thatstraddle the water table. Deep boreholes were drilled 25
to 50feet deep and shallow borings were 15 to 20 feet deep.
Three additional borings were completed on the surface of
thelandfill. These were conducted to characterize the waste
materialand the underlying natural lithology, to determine the
thicknessof the waste, and to allow installation of landfill
monitor wells.Borings into the landfill ranged 34 to 48 feet deep.
The locationof the soil borings and corresponding monitor wells are
shown onFigure 5-1.
5.2 METHODOLOGY
Drilling was performed by Exploration Technology, Inc. (ETI)
ofMadison, Wisconsin using a Diedrich D-50 track-mounted drill
rig.A Rem V hydrogeologist was present throughout the work to
directETI personnel and monitor all drilling activities. The hollow
stemauger method was used for all soil borings except SB-10
asexplained below. Borings approximately 10 inches in diameter
wereproduced with the 6 1/4-inch I.D., 9 5/8-inch O.D. augers.
Siteconditions necessitated the use of a screened lead auger on
allholes except the initial exploratory boring (SB-11D). The use
ofa screened lead auger was necessary because the
saturated,unconsolidated units at the site freguently heaved during
formationsampling and well installation operations. In addition to
thescreened lead auger, the "drive and wash" method of drilling
wastried, for soil boring SB-10, in order to mitigate the heaving
sandproblems.
5-1
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• ' , : ; 'U-Tv
i ,LB_i , •SB-I2S.D
' LANDFILLSB-5S,D
\ SB-I4S \
*\ ' I ». -^-^-^'
S C A L E0 3OO
REM V
SOIL BORING LOCATIONSHUNTS DISPOSAL LANDFILL SITE
CALEDONIA, WlD A T E
APRIL 1989
C.C.JOHNSON & M A L H O T R A . P . C .
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The "drive and wash" technique employed to drill soil boring
SB-10utilized 6-inch I.D. steel casing and a 5 7/8-inch diameter
triconebit. The lead casing was equipped with a hardened steel
chamfereddrive shoe to facilitate penetration of the
unconsolidatedsediments. Plumbness of the boring was assured by
drilling theuppermost 5 feet with a 6 1/4-inch I.D. auger flight.
The boringwas advanced by impact-driving the casing 2 to 3 feet
with a 300-pound, centered weight allowed to free-fall a distance
ofapproximately 36 inches. Formation within the driven casing
wasthen "flushed" out by water-rotary drilling inside the casing
withthe tricone bit. This alternating sequence of driving and
drillingwas repeated until sampling depths and the total depth
wereachieved. Although the "drive and wash" method was effective
inpreventing heave, the Moyno 3L6 pump used to clear the casing
offormation material was not able to remove the coarser
fractions(very coarse sands to very coarse gravel), thus
requiringoverdrilling to achieve total depth. Relative to hollow
stem augerdrilling this method was slower. Hence, the "drive and
wash"technique was utilized only to drill soil boring SB-10. All
theremaining holes were bored using augers.
Auger-drilled boreholes were advanced by drilling with a
pilotbit/center plug assembly at the head of the auger string.
Theassembly consisted of a four-bit pilot bit with a tracking
18-inchreverse-spiral center plug. The assembly was removed to
allowsplit-spoon sampling. After each sample was collected drilling
wascontinued with the pilot bit/center plug assembly in place.
Augerflights were added in 5-foot lengths until the target depth of
eachboring was achieved. When necessary, water-rotary drilling
witha 5 7/8-inch diameter tricone bit was employed to clear
heavedformation from within the auger string. A static column of
wateralso was maintained in the auger string at most borehole
locationsto prevent shallow sediments from entering the auger
string.Although each of the measures described above was
individually orcollectively effective in minimizing formation
heave, overdrillingto attain the amount of open borehole necessary
for subsequent wellinstallation also was required at several
locations. Prior to wellinstallation, the total depth of the
borehole was verified bysounding the bottom of the boring with a
weighted water-levelprobe.
Sampling of borehole sediments was performed using a
3-inchdiameter split-spoon. Two-foot long split-spoons were driven
withthe aid of a rig-mounted "cathead" using a 140-pound
centeredweight. The weight was allowed to free-fall a distance of
30inches until the sample barrel had moved 24 inches or
refusaloccurred. One hundred impacts of the weight over an interval
of6 inches was established as the refusal
specification.Additionally, four Shelby tube samples were taken
from differentboreholes. Each tube was pushed into the formation
using the drillspindle and the rig's hydraulic system. The tube
samplers wereleft in place a minimum of 15 minutes, twisted with a
pipe wrenchtwo complete turns, removed, and sealed with hot wax and
plastic
5-3
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end caps. Pour additional geotechnical samples were collected
fromsplit-spoon samplers at 4 locations and placed in 8-ounce
glassjars.
An initial exploratory boring (SB-11D) was continuously
split-spoonsampled from the ground surface to a total depth of 45
feet,approximately 20 feet into the silt/clay till. At each
subsequentwell cluster and single well location, split spoon
samples werecollected from the ground surface to the depth of the
water table.Additional sampling was performed on 5-foot centers or
whenever thedrilling penetration rate changed noticeably.
Continuous split-spoon samples were collected at the bottom six to
ten feet of thedeep boreholes to characterize the silt/clay
layer.
The number of impacts required to drive the split-spoon
apparatuseach 6-inch interval was recorded in a field drilling
log.Recovery was recorded and determined by carefully opening
eachsample and discarding any disturbed material. A
detailedlithologic description of each split-spoon sample
documenting thelithotype, Munsell color, sorting, consolidation,
moisture content,and distinguishing characteristics was also
recorded in the fieldlog and is presented in Appendix .
Drill rods and the screened lead auger were decontaminated with
asteam cleaner prior to drilling each boring. The drill rig,
alldownhole drilling and sampling equipment, and all drilling
supportequipment were steam-cleaned prior to drilling at each
newlocation. Decontamination of the split-spoon samplers and
samplingutensils between sampling events was performed using an
initialsoap (Liquinox) and water wash, a fresh water rinse, a rinse
withpesticide grade isopropyl alcohol, and a final rinse with
HPLClaboratory grade water.
Health and safety measures employed during the drilling
programincluded the use of Level D personal protection by all
personnelin the work area. Continuous monitoring of the work area
fororganic and explosive vapors was performed with an
HNuphotoionization detector with an 11.7 eV probe and combustible
gasindicator, respectively. Soil borings located on the landfill
weredrilled following Level C health and safety guidelines.
5-4
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6.0 SUBSURFACE SOIL SAMPLING
6.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
Subsurface soil samples were obtained from 12 soil boring
locationsat the perimeter of the landfill. In addition to
determininglithologic information, selected samples were collected
for TCLorganic and TAL metals analyses by CLP laboratories. Results
ofthese analyses were used to document the presence of
subsurfacesoil contamination and to determine the extent of
contaminantmigration.
6.2 METHODOLOGY
All split-spoon samples were screened for volatile
organiccompounds to determine which samples would be sent to the
laborato-ry for chemical analysis and to determine how to dispose
of thedrill cuttings. Immediately after the split-spoon was opened,
theair above the sample was monitored using an HNu
photoionizationdetector with an 11.7 eV probe. All positive
deflections wererecorded in the field logbook. In addition, a
headspace sample wascollected by half filling a 40 ml glass vial
with the sample andcovering the top with aluminum foil. These vials
were transportedto the trailer and allowed to warm to room
temperature (approxi-mately 70°F). Then the aluminum foil was
punctured with the tip ofthe HNu probe so that the volatile organic
compounds in theheadspace could be measured. The results of the
headspace analysesdid not indicate significant volatile organic
contamination in anyof the samples and therefore was not useful for
determining whichsamples to send for analysis.
Split-spoon samples were selected for analysis based on
visualobservations, HNu readings when the split-spoons were opened,
anddepth. Approximately three samples from each boring location
weresent to CLP laboratories for analysis. These samples
werecollected near the water table surface, at the base of the
sandand gravel (just above the till) and at a depth
approximatelymidway between the water table and the till layer.
Soil boringlocations shown on Figure 6-1.
Subsurface soil samples were collected using three-inch
diametersplit-spoons as described in Section 5.1. Split-spoons
weredecontaminated prior to sample collection.
Decontaminationprocedures included a soapy water wash, potable
water rinse,pesticide grade isopropyl alcohol rinse and a final
rinse with HPLCgrade water.
Once retrieved, the split-spoon was opened in a manner
thanminimized disturbance of the sample. The portion of the sample
forheadspace and CLP volatile organics analyses was
immediatelytransferred to the appropriate sample containers using a
decon-taminated stainless steel spoon. The remainder of the sample
was
6-1
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«M?
fv-Vi ('1^0
__
^
REM V
SOIL BORING LOCATIONSHUNTS DISPOSAL LANDFILL SITE
CALEDONIA, WlD A T E
APRIL 1989
C.C.JOHNSON & M A L H O T R A . P . C .
-
transferred to a decontaminated stainless steel bowl and
thoroughlymixed prior to being placed into the semivolatile organic
andinorganic analysis sample containers.
6-3
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7.0 MONITOR WELL INSTALLATION AND GROUNDWATER SAMPLING
7.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
Twenty-two monitor wells were installed at the Hunts
DisposalLandfill Site to determine the type and extent of
contamination inthe water table aquifer at the site. The wells were
installed inboreholes drilled during the geologic investigation
(Figure 7-1).Details of the geologic investigation are presented in
Section 5.
Nineteen wells were installed at twelve locations at the
perimeterof the landfill and the surrounding area. Seven locations
containa cluster of two wells. Clusters consist of a shallow
wellscreened at the water table surface and a deep well screened at
thebase of the water table aquifer (immediately above the till).
Fivelocations contain single shallow wells that are screened at
thewater table surface. Shallow wells were installed to
monitorgroundwater quality at the surface of the water table
aquifer andare designed to identify potential contaminants that
have a lowerdensity than water. The deep wells were screened at the
base ofthe sand and gravel to monitor for contaminants that are
denserthan water and may accumulate above the low permeability
till.
Three additional shallow wells were installed into the landfill
andscreened to intersect the water table surface in the waste.
Table7-1 presents a summary of monitor well depths, elevations
andscreened intervals.
7.2 METHODOLOGY
7.2.1 WELL INSTALLATION
The wells installed at the periphery of the landfill
wereconstructed of 2-inch I.D. Schedule 80 polyvinyl chloride
(PVC)screen and casing. The three monitor wells installed into
thelandfill were constructed of 2-inch I.D. Type 304 stainless
steel.
Screens for the shallow and landfill wells were 10 feet in
length.The screen length of the deep wells was 5 feet. Well screens
forall applications were continuous wrapped with 0.010-inch
slots.Wells installed in the landfill were constructed of Channel
Packscreen manufactured by Johnson Screens. Channel Pack
screensconsist of an outer screen and an inner screen with the
annulusbetween the screens filled with 40-60 silica sand. Two-foot
silttraps were attached to the bottom of the screen on all
monitorwells installed after the completion of the first two well
clusters(Nos. 11 and 12), due to the large percentage of fines
observed inthe split-spoon samples from the screened intervals.
7-1
-
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S C A L E0 300
REM V
MONITOR WELL LOCATIONSD A T E
APRIL 1989HUNTS DISPOSAL LANDFILL SITE
CALEDONIA, Wl
C.C.JOHNSON & M A L H O T R A . P . C . 7-2
-
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unknownElevat ions Mill be included after concrete cadi are set and
well! are surveyedAll depths in feet beloit pround surface
7-3
-
Where the total depth of the boring was three or more feet
belowthe bottom of the well screen, the borehole was backfilled
toapproximately one foot below the well screen with bentonite
pelletsor a bentonite slurry. Pellets were introduced using the
free-fallmethod. Quick-Gel slurry was tremie-piped to the desired
depth indeeper borings rather than using pellets, which hydrated
guicklyand bridged when used in early installations.
The shallow and deep monitor wells at the periphery of the
landfillwere installed using the 6 1/4-inch I.D. hollow stem
augersemployed to drill the boreholes as temporary casing.
Constructiondetails of a typical well cluster are shown on Figure
7-2. Afilter pack of #30 silica sand was placed in the annular
spacesurrounding the silt trap, screen and the lowermost two feet
of theriser pipe. A buffer of very fine grained silica sand 6 to
12inches thick was placed above the #30 sand to prevent grout
orpellets from entering the filter pack. Filter pack and buffer
sandwere emplaced by free-fall in 2- to 3-foot lifts. The auger
stringwas then lifted 1 to 2 feet, allowing the sand to flow out
and fillthe annular space. Use of this technique and maintaining a
statichead of water at the top of the auger string during
installationhelped to minimize formation heaving.
A 2- to 3-foot thick bentonite pellet seal was placed above
theannular sand by the free-fall method and allowed to swell for
aminimum of eight hours. One deep well (MW-6D) required
tremieplacement of a bentonite slurry for the seal due to
pelletbridging. After the bentonite had swelled, the annulus was
groutedwith a bentonite cement slurry. Approximately 6 to 8 gallons
ofwater and 5 pounds of powdered bentonite were mixed with each
94-pound bag of Type III Portland cement to form the grout. Grout
waspoured directly into the borehole annulus where the bentonite
sealwas less than 5 feet below ground surface. All other wells
weretremie-grouted with the auger string in place as temporary
casing.Wellhead security is provided by locking 6-inch diameter
steelprotective casings which are enclosed in the grout. Concrete
padswere not installed around the wells following installation due
tothe low temperatures. The pads will be poured at a future
date.
Wells screened at the water table were placed with
approximately10 to 30 percent of the screen above the static water
level toaccommodate seasonal water level fluctuations. Where the
top ofthe 10-foot screen was within 5 feet of the ground surface or
whereclayey sediments would be screened if the planned 33
percentabove/67 percent below screening ratio were used, a
smallerpercentage of the screen was placed above the water tuble.
Annularsand above the screen and bentonite pellet thicknesses in
thesewells were also reduced.
Wells installed into the landfill were constructed in a
mannersimilar to the perimeter wells. However, wells in the
landfill
7-4
-
SHALLOWWELL
TSi
LEGEND
CONCRETE PAD
8ENTONITE CEMENTGROUT
8ENTONITE PELLETS
VERY FINE SAND
COARSE SAND
VENTED CAP (TYP.)
STEEL CASING (TYP)
PVC CASING (TYP)
•2 0 PVC SCREEN(10-FOOT)
2" 0 PVC SILT TRAP (TYR)
2"0 PVC SCREEN(5-FOOT)
DEEPWELL
GROUND SURFACE
WATER TABLE
SAND AND GRAVEL
SILT AND CLAY
S C A L ENO SCALE
D A T E
APRIL 1989
REM V
TYPICAL WELL CLUSTERHUNTS DISPOSAL LANDFILL SITE
CALEDONIA, Wl
FIGURE
7-2
C.C.JOHNSON & M A L H O T R A . P . C . 7-5
-
were sealed from the top of the bentonite pellets to the
groundsurface with a high solids bentonite grout (Volclay). Volclay
wasutilized to reduce grout loss into the waste because it is
thickerand cures faster than bentonite cement grout. Construction
detailsfor a typical landfill well are shown on Figure 7-3.
7.2.2 WELL DEVELOPMENT
Monitor wells at the perimeter of the landfill were developed
afterthe grout had set for a minimum of 48 hours. The wells
weredeveloped by pumping and surging with compressed
air.Decontaminated hose was set in the well to a point
approximately6 inches from the bottom of the screen and connected
to a trailermounted compressor. A filter was placed on the air line
to removeimpurities. Air forced through the hose lifted water and
sedimentup the well casing to a discharge hose at the top of the
well.Wells were developed for a minimum of two hours and until
dischargewater was clear and free of visible sediment and when
temperature,conductivity and pH measurements stabilized. Because
many of thewells were screened in fine grained materials, the
discharge fromsome wells remained cloudy. These wells developed for
a minimumof three hours and until readings stabilized and clarity
showed noimprovement.
Six of the wells did not yield enough water to be
adeguatelydeveloped using compressed air alone. These wells were
MW-6D, US,11D, 12S, 14S and 15S. Each of these wells was developed
byagitating with a surge block or bailer and pumping with
aperistaltic pump. The wells were alternately pumped dry andallowed
to recover and then pumped at a constant low flow rateuntil the
discharge cleared and temperature, pH and conductivityreadings
stabilized.
After discussion with EPA, it was decided that monitor
wellsinstalled into the landfill would not be developed. This
decisionwas made because the wells were screened in waste rather
thannatural soils and because the Channel Pack screen provides a
gradedfilter pack. These wells were bailed before purging and
samplingto remove any sediment that may have entered the screens
duringinstallation.
7.2.3 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING
All of the wells installed by REM V and two of the three
existingwells installed by the City of Oak Creek were sampled
betweenFebruary 27, 1989 and March 2, 1989. The Oak Creek well that
wasinstalled into the landfill (MW-3) contained little water
andtherefore, could not be sampled. All wells were sampled for
fullTCL organic compounds, TAL metals, and total dissolved solids
(TDS)analyses by CLP laboratories. Organic samples were analyzed
underspecial analytical service protocol for low detection
limits.
7-6
-
VENTED CAP-
'^ STEEL CASING
CONCRETE PA
VOLCLAY GROUT
2"0 STAINLESS STEEL CASING-
BENTONITE PELLETS
VERY FINE SAND
2"0 STAINLESS STEELCHANNEL PACK SCREEN'
(IO —FOOT)
COARSE SANO-
2" 0 STAINLESS STEEL SILT TRAP-
BENTONITE SEAL
GROUND SURFACE
SAND COVER
WASTE
WATER TABLE
NATURAL FORMATION
S C A L ENO SCALE
D A T E
APRIL 1989
REM V
TYPICAL LANDFILL MONITOR WELLHUNTS DISPOSAL LANDFILL SITE
CALEDONIA , Wl
FIGURE
7~3
C.C.JOHNSON & M A L H O T R A . P . C .7-7
-
Samples for metals and TDS analyses were passed through a
45-micronfilter prior to being shipped to the laboratories. Metals
analysissamples were preserved following filtration.
Prior to sampling, all wells were purged using
decontaminatedstainless steel or teflon bailers and dedicated
lengths ofpolypropylene cord. Wells were purged until a minimum of
threewell volumes were removed if conductivity, pH and
temperaturemeasurements of the purged water stabilized. If
measurements didnot stabilize, purging continued until a minimum of
five wellvolumes were evacuated. Monitoring wells MW-llS, 11D, 15S,
LW-1and LW-3 were purged until they were bailed dry.
Finalconductivity, pH and temperature measurements of the purged
waterare contained in Appendix .
Monitor wells were sampled immediately following purging.
Wellsthat were purged dry were allowed to recover for approximately
onehour before sampling. Groundwater samples were collected
usingdecontaminated stainless steel or teflon bailers with
dedicatedlengths of polypropylene bailer cord. Samples were
collected fromthe top of the water column in the well in a manner
that preventedthe bailer cord from contacting the water in the
well. Followingremoval from the well, bailers were emptied directly
into theappropriate sample containers, with the volatile organic
vialsbeing filled first.
7-8
-
9.0 RESIDENTIAL WELL INVESTIGATION
9.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
A residential well survey was conducted to determine where
selectedresidences in the Hunts Disposal Landfill Site area obtain
theirdrinking water. These data identified potential receptors
ofgroundwater from the site. Selected residential wells were
thensampled to determine if a public health risk exists from
landfillcontaminants.
9.2 METHODOLOGY
The residential well survey and sampling was conducted on
November15 and 16, 1988. In order to identify, any potential risk
toresidents as quickly as possible, this was the first field
taskperformed.
A door to door survey was conducted on selected homes near
thelandfill. The survey concentrated on homes in the immediate
areaof the site, particularly those downgradient. Each resident
wasasked a list of questions concerning their well including:
o Use of watero Well depth and diametero Date of well
constructiono Well drilling contractoro Type of well and riser pipe
materialo Volume of holding tanko Type of treatment systemo Water
quantity or quality problems
These data were recorded in the field logbooks. As a result of
thesurvey, 14 residences were selected for sampling. The
locationsof the residences selected are shown on Figure 9-1.
Prior to sampling, the residential wells were purged to ensure
thatfresh groundwater was collected. Seven of the 14
residencessampled had an on-line treatment system. All samples
werecollected before passing through the treatment system. At 12
ofthe 14 locations the samples were collected from a tap before
theholding tank. At the two locations where samples were
collectedafter passing through the holding tank, the well volume
purgedexceeded the holding tank volume. All wells were purged for
aminimum of 20 minutes prior to sampling. Sample bottles werefilled
directly from the tap. All samples were collected for a fullTCL
organics and TAL metals analysis by the EPA Region V
CentralRegional Laboratory. Special low detection limit analysis
wereperformed. Temperature, pH and conductivity measurements
weretaken at each location immediately prior to sampling. These
dataare presented in Appendix .
9-1
-
RESIDENTIAL WELLLOCATION AND DEPTH
RW- 3, 127RW-14, 182*RW-12, 196'
S C A L EI POO
D A T EA P R I L 1989
REM V
RESIDENTIAL WELL SAMPLE LOCATIONSHUNTS DISPOSAL LANDFILL
SITE
CALEDONIA, Wl
F IGURE
9-1
C.C.JOHNSON & MALHOTRA.P.C.