John Waclawsky Ph. D. Software Architect, Motorola Software Group Motorola, Inc. Titan against Titan: Titan against Titan: What Technology will Win? What Technology will Win? P2P MARKET CONFERENCE DCIA Special Event – New York – March 17, 2009 From: Heavily Centralized Control Paradigms To: An Increasing Decentralized World via Innovation driven by the Internet, Web, ….and increasingly with P2P Technology
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John Waclawsky Ph. D. Software Architect, Motorola Software Group Motorola, Inc. Titan against Titan: What Technology will Win? From: Heavily Centralized.
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John Waclawsky Ph. D. Software Architect, Motorola Software GroupMotorola, Inc.
Titan against Titan: Titan against Titan: What Technology will Win?What Technology will Win?
P2P MARKET CONFERENCE
DCIA Special Event – New York – March 17, 2009
From: Heavily Centralized Control Paradigms To: An Increasing Decentralized World via Innovation
driven by the Internet, Web, ….and increasingly with P2P Technology
Model extended because:•Accelerating technology changes •Disruptions and redefinition •Relentless on-going innovation•Business decisions are colored by:
•Politics/Ideology, •Financial considerations •Technology religion (driven aspects of a company’s or even an individual’s personality).
L8 - Revenue and Profit
L9 - Politics
L10 - Technology Religion
The upper three layers are mainly about competitive issues
Everyone needs the bottom four layers of the OSI modelThe split is over how to exploit the top of the extended OSI model
Incentive to follow successful lower layer standards and, as a result, allow network-connected products and services to enjoy access to the widest audience
Create new standards to extend connectivity when new technologies emerge or provide ways to better leverage the internet, such as WiMAX
“connectivity is its own reward” was often echoed by the early Internet participants, and is embodied in Metcalfe’s law
System technologies about control: • IMS• Quality of Service (QoS)• Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) • RST Injection for TCP protocol• Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)• Digital Rights Management (DRM)
Control technologies are mainly desired by companies in the restrictive competition eco-system but have little value for the end-user customers.
Consider an evolution about relationships
• Mashup’s• P2P • Encryption • People technology
• Creating: Blogs, user generated content, podcasts• Connecting: Social networks, virtual worlds• Collaborating: Wikis and Open Source• Reacting to others: Forums, Ratings, Reviews• Organizing content: Tags• Staying aware: RSS, widgets and Twitter
Many of these technologies have demonstrated considerable end-user value (for example, Bit Torrent, Skype, etc.) but many are “perceived” to provide little or no value to the restrictive competition eco-system.
Other related issues:1. Infrastructure costs!2. Privacy concerns! 3. Missing services/functions?
Another Example: Circuit Voice vs. VoIP What about Lawful Interception (LI)?
Centralized: Circuit Switched network is easy Data network: Session Border Controller (SBC)* as the point of convergence for VoIP packets.
Implementing LI on SBC is the VoIP equivalent of wire tapping on a circuit switched network.
*SBC is typically a VoIP session aware device that governs the manner in which VoIP calls are initiated, conducted and terminated in a network.
Distributed: VoIP IP provides numerous methods to ensure data security. no standardized manner to distinguish voice packets no telling which path the IP packet will take what headers get added.
Decentralization is effecting LI too!
BTW: this is BTW: this is all all
true for any true for any kind of kind of traffictraffic
• Network coding is a field of information theory and coding theory and is a method of attaining maximum information flow in a network
• The core notion of network coding is to allow and encourage mixing of data at intermediate network nodes.
• In contrast to traditional ways to operate a network that try to avoid collisions of data streams as much as possible • A receiver sees these data packets and deduces from them the messages that were originally intended for the data sink.
• This is an elegant principle that implies a plethora of surprising results
QoS How can QoS work today and in the future? ….when you consider…
• Emerging future: overlay techniques (P2P), mashup’s, traffic scattering, network coding. • Encryption or use packet-obfuscation
Lowest prioritization for all encrypted traffic? – Privacy is systematically discriminated against.
• Most of the time the SERVERS ARE SLOW and NOT the network. • Low Utilization is a fundamental part of network design
Redundancy for reliability. Capacity for peak loads. What does it mean to run a link/box at 10%?
• Race with Moore's Law Link queue can empty faster than you can run instructions to make QoS decisions.
• QoS adds complexity Fiber capacity shifts bottlenecks from pipes to nodes and because of the enormous fiber speeds available, adding node queues to the mix of things that need to be QoS configured and managed doesn't appear to simplify the QoS challenges.
• Where is the ROI? • etc.
QoS is NOT an adequate substitute for capacity and potentially makes a bad
Why this fixation about control? • It is rooted in scarcity concerns about the capacity of the physical layer infrastructure ...and desires by some to control end user behavior
Other related issues:1. Infrastructure costs2. Missing services/functions3. Privacy concerns
Is the real challenge managing Is the real challenge managing scarcity and end user behavior? …or scarcity and end user behavior? …or simply keeping up with technology’s simply keeping up with technology’s ability to satisfy growing demand. ability to satisfy growing demand.
Evolution driven by Moore’s Law
•Twisted light: excess of 560 Gbps on a single wavelength in a DWDM system today
• In the near future it is expected that data rates in excess of 1000 Gbps per wavelength will be possible
•Optical Orbital Angular Momentum (OOAM) has the potential to add an almost infinite number of phase states to the modulated signal and further increase the capacity to thousands of terabits. •The number of wavelengths (colors) on a fiber is currently around 80 and climbing•The number of fibers between Internet peering points is approx 200.
OK …you do the math! …looks like the optical to electronic bottleneck makes it impractical to practice “network management” in the core networkhttp://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1367-2630/9/9/328/njp7_9_328.html#nj250899s1http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1367-2630/9/9/328/njp7_9_328.html#nj250899s1
• It’s an environment that fosters experimentationClearly "the place" for innovation of communication services Seems to be about the absence of impediments
The lack of impediments seen in one eco-system and not the other appears to be making a huge difference in where innovation (and the associated wealth it generates) will be most successful.
• More experimentation then more luck! More $$$!
A major part of innovation is what we can call unexpected usage (or luck). However, the luck seems to be on the Internet side these days.
• Application-independent, TCP/IP or UDP are the backbones of the end-to-end nature of the Internet.
If history is any guide, a betting man would probably look for the next large market cap company to be about services and
A Major Challenge for those stuck in the past of Networking….
How can any technology which relies on extensive core network control and takes an application focus and consider packet information invariant, adapt to overlay techniques found in P2P networks, traffic scattering, network coding, the increasing use of encryption, the emergence of cloud computing, as well as trends related to dynamically composed and instantiated concoctions (formally known as applications) at the edge of the network?
The web is becoming “THE” programming development platform. Now, many view the web as the ultimate programming platform
You should ask for: …the serenity to accept the things I cannot change (attempts to control the Internet), the courage to change the things I can (business cases that ignore reality),