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John Paul Jones
For the Led Zeppelin musician, see John Paul Jones(musician).
For other uses, see John Paul Jones (disam-biguation).
John Paul Jones (July 6, 1747 July 18, 1792) was aScottish
American sailor and the United States' first well-known naval
fighter in the American Revolutionary War.Although he made both
friends [1] and enemies amongAmericas political elites, his actions
in British watersduring the Revolution earned him an international
repu-tation which persists to this day. As such, he is
sometimesreferred to as the Father of the United States Navy
(anepithet he shares with John Barry). He later served in
theImperial Russian Navy, subsequently obtaining the rankof rear
admiral.
1 Early life and education
Jones was born John Paul (he added Jones in laterlife as some
think to hide from any would-be law en-forcement chase (there was
not one) after winning aspontaneous duel during a dispute over
wages though hecould change his Flemish and Scottish Highlander
sur-name on a Scottish Lowlander/English one more suitablefor life
in colonial America where they were loyal to theProtestant House of
Hanover) on the estate of Arbiglandnear Kirkbean in the Stewartry
of Kirkcudbright on thesouthwest coast of Scotland. His father,
John Paul, Sr.,was a gardener of Flemish origin at Arbigland, and
hismother was named Jean McDuff (17081767). His par-ents married on
November 29, 1733 in New Abbey,Kirkcudbright. Living at Arbigland
at the time was HelenCraik (17511825), later a novelist. Pauls
older brotherWilliam Paul had married and settled in
Fredericksburg,Virginia, the destination of many of the youngsters
earlyvoyages. John Paul started his maritime career at the ageof 12
as an apprentice of John Younger, a Scottish mer-chant shipper.[2]
He reached Viriginia for the first timein the age of 13 sailing out
of Whitehaven in the north-ern English county of Cumberland, as
apprentice aboardFriendship under Captain Benson.For several years
John sailed aboard a number of differentBritish merchant and slave
ships, including King Georgein 1764 as third mate, and Two Friends
as first mate in1766. In 1768 he abandoned his prestigious position
onthe profitable Two Friends while docked in Jamaica. Hefound his
own passage back to Scotland, and eventuallyobtained another
position.
During his next voyage aboard the brig John, which sailedfrom
port in 1768, young John Pauls career was quicklyand unexpectedly
advanced when both the captain and aranking mate suddenly died of
yellow fever. John man-aged to navigate the ship back to a safe
port and, in rewardfor this impressive feat, the vessels grateful
Scottish own-ers made him master of the ship and its crew, giving
him10 percent of the cargo.[3] He then led two voyages to theWest
Indies before running into difficulty.During his second voyage in
1770, John Paul viciouslyflogged one of his sailors, a carpenter,
leading to accusa-tions that his discipline was unnecessarily
cruel. Whilethese claims were initially dismissed, his favorable
rep-utation was destroyed when the sailor died a few weekslater.
John Paul was arrested for his involvement in themans death, and
was imprisoned in Kirkcudbright Tol-booth but later released on
bail.[4] The negative effect ofthis episode on his reputation is
indisputable,[3] althoughthe mans death has been linked to other
causes as thephysician of a ship where the carpenter traveled
homewitnessed in the court. This man was not a usual sailorbut an
adventurer from a very influential Scottish fam-ily. Leaving
Scotland, John Paul commanded a London-registered vessel, a West
Indiaman mounting 22 guns,named Betsy, for about 18 months,
engaging in commer-cial speculation in Tobago.[5] This came to an
end, how-ever, when John killed a member of his crew, a muti-neer
named Blackton, with a sword, in a dispute overwages.[6] Years
later, in a letter to Benjamin Franklin de-scribing this incident,
he claimed it was in self-defense,but because he was not willing to
be tried in an AdmiralsCourt again, where the family of his first
victim had beeninfluential, he felt compelled to flee to
Fredericksburg,Province of Virginia, leaving his fortune behind.He
went to Fredericksburg to arrange the affairs of hisbrother, who
had died there without leaving any otherfamily; and about this
time, in addition to his originalsurname, he assumed the surname of
Jones. There is along tradition held in the state of North Carolina
that JohnPaul adopted the name Jones in honor of Willie Jonesof
Halifax, North Carolina.[7][8]
His sentiments became even more in favor of America.From that
period, as he afterwards expressed himself toBaron Joan van der
Capellen tot den Pol, America be-came the country of his fond
election. It was not longafterward that John Paul Jones joined the
Americannavy to fight against Britain.
1
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2 2 CAREER
2 Career
2.1 The American Colonies
Sources struggle with this period of Joness life, especiallythe
specifics of his family situation, making it difficult
tohistorically pinpoint Joness exact motivations for emi-grating to
America. Whether his plans for the plantationwere not developing as
expected, or if he was inspired bya revolutionary spirit, is
unknown.What is clearly known is that Jones left for
Philadelphiashortly after settling in North America to volunteer
hisservices to the newly founded Continental Navy, precur-sor of
the United States Navy. During this time, around1775, the Navy and
Marines were being formally es-tablished, and suitable ships
officers and captains werein great demand. Were it not for the
endorsement ofRichard Henry Lee who knew of his abilities, Joness
po-tential would likely have gone unrecognized. With helpfrom
influential members of the Continental Congress,however, Jones was
to be appointed as a 1st Lieutenantof the newly converted 24-gun
frigate USS Alfred in theContinental Navy on December 7,
1775.[9]
2.2 Revolutionary War command
2.2.1 Early command
Jones sailed from the Delaware River in February 1776aboard
Alfred on the Continental Navys maiden cruise.It was aboard this
vessel that Jones took the honor ofhoisting the first U.S. ensign
over a naval vessel. Jonesactually raised the Grand Union Flag, not
the later andmore familiar Flag of the United States. The fleet,
whichhad been expected to cruise along the coast, was
orderedinstead by Commodore Esek Hopkins to sail for The Ba-hamas,
where Nassau was raided for its military supplies.On the fleets
return voyage it had an unsuccessful en-counter with a British
packet ship. Jones was then as-signed command of the sloop USS
Providence. Congresshad recently ordered the construction of
thirteen frigatesfor the American Navy, one of which was to be
com-manded by Jones. In exchange for this prestigious com-mand,
Jones accepted his commission aboard the smallerProvidence. During
this six week voyage, Jones capturedsixteen prizes and inflicted
significant damage along thecoast of Nova Scotia. Joness next
command came as a re-sult of Commodore Hopkinss orders to liberate
hundredsof American prisoners forced to labor in coal mines inNova
Scotia and also to raid British shipping. On Novem-ber 1, 1776,
Jones set sail in command of Alfred to carryout this mission.
Although winter conditions preventedthe freeing of the prisoners,
the mission did result in thecapture ofMellish, a vessel carrying a
vital supply of win-ter clothing intended for General John
Burgoyne's troopsin Canada.[10]
2.2.2 Command of Ranger
Despite his successes at sea, upon arrival in Boston onDecember
16, 1776, Joness disagreements with those inauthority reached a new
level. While at the port, he be-gan feuding with Commodore Hopkins,
who Jones be-lieved was hindering his advancement and talking
downhis campaign plans. As a result of this and other
frustra-tions, Jones was assigned the smaller command, the
newlyconstructed USS Ranger, on June 14, 1777 (the same daythe new
Stars and Stripes flag was adopted).[11]
After making the necessary preparations, Jones sailed forFrance
on November 1, 1777 with orders to assist theAmerican cause however
possible. The American com-missioners in France, Benjamin Franklin,
John Adamsand Arthur Lee, listened to Joness strategic
recommen-dations. They assured him the command of Indien, anew
vessel being constructed for America in Amsterdam.Britain, however,
was able to divert L'Indien away fromAmerican hands by exerting
pressure to ensure its saleto France instead (who had not yet
allied with America).Jones was again left without a command, an
unpleasantreminder of his stagnation in Boston from late 1776
untilearly 1777. It is thought that it was during this time
Jonesdeveloped his close friendship with Benjamin Franklin,whom he
greatly admired. In 1778, he was accepted, to-gether with Benjamin
Franklin, into the Masonic LodgeLes Neuf Surs.On February 6, 1778,
France signed the Treaty of Al-liance with America, formally
recognizing the indepen-dence of the new American republic. Eight
days later,Captain Joness Ranger became the first American
navalvessel to be formally saluted by the French, with a nine-gun
salute fired from captain Lamotte-Piquet's flagship.Jones wrote of
the event: I accepted his offer all themore for after all it was a
recognition of our indepen-dence and in the nation.Finally, on
April 10, 1778, Jones set sail from Brest,France for the western
coasts of Britain.
2.2.3 Ranger attacks the British
After some early successes against British merchant ship-ping in
the Irish Sea, on April 17, 1778, Jones persuadedhis crew to
participate in an assault on Whitehaven, thetown where his maritime
career had begun.[12] Jones laterwrote about the poor command
qualities of his senior of-ficers (having tactfully avoided such
matters in his officialreport): "'Their object,' they said, 'was
gain not honor.'They were poor: instead of encouraging the morale
ofthe crew, they excited them to disobedience; they per-suaded them
that they had the right to judge whether ameasure that was proposed
to them was good or bad.[13]As it happened, contrary winds forced
the abandonmentof the attempt, and droveRanger towards Ireland,
causingmore trouble for British shipping on the way.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Navyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Marineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Henry_Leehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Congresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Lieutenanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Alfred_(1774)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Union_Flaghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esek_Hopkinshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nassauhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Block_Islandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Block_Islandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloophttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Providence_(1775)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Burgoynehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Ranger_(1777)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adamshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Lee_(diplomat)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien_(1778)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Alliance_(1778)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Alliance_(1778)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toussaint-Guillaume_Picquet_de_la_Mottehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehaven
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2.2 Revolutionary War command 3
John Paul Jones by Moreau le Jeune, 1780
On April 20, 1778, Jones learned from captured sailorsthat the
Royal Navy sloop o' war HMS Drake was an-chored off Carrickfergus,
Ireland. According to the diaryofRangers surgeon[14] Joness first
intention was to attackthe vessel in broad daylight, but his
sailors were unwill-ing to undertake it (another incident omitted
from theofficial report). Therefore, the attack took place just
af-ter midnight, but the mate responsible for dropping theanchor to
halt Ranger right alongside Drake misjudgedthe timing in the dark
(Jones claimed in his memoirs, theman was drunk), so Jones had to
cut his anchor cable andrun.The wind having shifted, Ranger
recrossed the Irish Seato make another attempt at raiding
Whitehaven. Jonesled the assault with two boats of fifteen men on
April 23,1778, just after midnight, hoping to set fire to and
sinkall Whitehavens ships anchored in harbour (numberingbetween 200
to 400 wooden vessels), which consisted ofa full merchant fleet and
many coal transporters. Theyalso hoped to terrorize the townspeople
by lighting furtherfires. As it happened, the journey to shore was
slowed bythe still-shifting wind, as well as a strong ebb tide.
Thespiking of the towns big defensive guns to prevent thembeing
fired was accomplished successfully, but lightingfires proved
difficult, as the lanterns in both boats hadrun out of fuel. To
remedy this, some of the party weretherefore sent to raid a public
house on the quayside, butthe temptation to stop for a quick drink
led to a furtherdelay. By the time they returned, and the arson
attacksbegan, dawn was fast approaching, so efforts were
con-centrated on a single ship, the coal ship Thompson, in thehope
that the flames would spread to adjacent vessels, all
grounded by the low tide. However, in the twilight, one ofthe
crew slipped away and alerted residents on a harbour-side street. A
fire alert was sounded, and large numbers ofpeople came running to
the quay, forcing the Americansto retreat, and extinguishing the
flames with the townstwo fire-engines. However, hopes of sinking
Joness boatswith cannon fire were dashed by the prudent
spiking.[15]
Crossing the Solway Firth from Whitehaven to Scotland,Jones
hoped to hold for ransom the Earl of Selkirk, wholived on St Marys
Isle near Kirkcudbright. The Earl,Jones reasoned, could be
exchanged for American sailorsimpressed into the Royal Navy. When
the Earl was dis-covered to be absent from his estate, Jones claims
he in-tended to return directly to his ship and continue
seekingprizes elsewhere, but his crew wished to pillage, burn,and
plunder all they could. Ultimately, Jones allowedthe crew to seize
a silver plate set adorned with the fam-ilys emblem to placate
their desires, but nothing else.Jones bought the plate himself when
it was later sold offin France, and returned it to the Earl of
Selkirk after theWar.Although their effect on British morale and
allocation ofdefense resources was significant,[16] the attacks on
St.Marys Isle and Whitehaven resulted in no prizes or prof-its
which under normal circumstances would be sharedwith the crew.
Throughout the mission, the crew, led byJoness second-in-command
Lieutenant Thomas Simp-son, acted as if they were aboard a
privateer, not a war-ship.
2.2.4 Return to Ireland
Nevertheless, Jones now led Ranger back across the IrishSea,
hoping to make another attempt at the Drake, stillanchored off
Carrickfergus. This time, late in the after-noon of April 24, 1778,
the ships, roughly equal in fire-power, engaged in combat. Earlier
in the day, the Ameri-cans had captured the crew of a
reconnaissance boat, andlearned that Drake had taken on dozens of
soldiers, withthe intention of grappling and boarding Ranger, so
Jonesmade sure that did not happen, capturing Drake after
anhour-long gun battle which cost the British captain hislife.
Lieutenant Simpson was given command of Drakefor the return journey
to Brest. The ships separated dur-ing the return journey as Ranger
chased another prize,leading to a conflict between Simpson and
Jones. Bothships arrived at port safely, but Jones filed for a
court-martial of Simpson, keeping him detained on the ship.Partly
through the influence of John Adams, who wasstill serving as a
commissioner in France, Simpson wasreleased from Joness accusation.
Adams implies in hismemoirs that the overwhelming majority of the
evidencesupported Simpsons claims. Adams seemed to believeJones was
hoping to monopolize the missions glory, es-pecially by detaining
Simpson on board while he cele-brated the capture with numerous
important European
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4 2 CAREER
dignitaries.[17]
Even with the wealth of perspectives, including
thecommanders,[13] it is difficult if not impossible to tell
ex-actly what occurred. It is clear, however, that the crew
feltalienated by their commander, who might well have beenmotivated
by his pride. Jones believed his intentions werehonorable, and his
actions were strategically essential tothe Revolution. Regardless
of any controversy surround-ing the mission, Rangers capture
ofDrakewas one of theContinental Navys few significant military
victories dur-ing the Revolution, and was of immense symbolic
impor-tance, demonstrating as it did that the Royal Navy was
farfrom invincible. By overcoming such odds, Rangers vic-tory
became an important symbol of the American spiritand served as an
inspiration for the permanent establish-ment of the United States
Navy after the revolution.
2.2.5 Bonhomme Richard
Engraving based on the paintingAction Between the Serapis
andBonhomme Richard by Richard Paton, published 1780
The "John Paul Jones flag" was entered into Dutch records tohelp
Jones avoid charges of piracy when he captured the Serapisunder an
unknown flag.
In 1779, Captain Jones took command of the 42-gun USSBonhomme
Richard (or as he preferred it, Bon HommeRichard),[18] a merchant
ship rebuilt and given to Amer-ica by the French shipping magnate,
Jacques-DonatienLe Ray. On August 14, as a vast French and
Spanish
invasion fleet approached England, he provided a diver-sion by
heading for Ireland at the head of a five shipsquadron including
the 36-gun USSAlliance, 32-gun USSPallas, 12-gun USS Vengeance, and
Le Cerf, also accom-panied by two privateers, HMS Monsieur and
Granville.When the squadron was only a few days out of
Groix,Monsieur separated due to a disagreement between hercaptain
and Jones. Several Royal Navy warships weresent towards Ireland in
pursuit of Jones, but on this oc-casion, he continued right around
the north of Scotlandinto the North Sea, creating near-panic all
along Britainseast coast as far south as the Humber estuary.
Jonessmain problems, as on his previous voyage, resulted
frominsubordination, particularly by Pierre Landais, captainof
Alliance. On September 23, 1779, the squadron meta large merchant
convoy off the coast of FlamboroughHead, east Yorkshire. The 50-gun
British frigate HMSSerapis and the 22-gun hired ship Countess of
Scarbor-ough placed themselves between the convoy and
Jonesssquadron, allowing the merchants to escape.Shortly after 7
p.m. the Battle of Flamborough Head be-gan. Serapis engaged
Bonhomme Richard, and soon af-terwards, Alliance fired, from a
considerable distance, atCountess. Quickly recognizing that he
could not win abattle of big guns, and with the wind dying, Jones
madeevery effort to lock Richard and Serapis together (his fa-mous,
albeit possibly apocryphal, quotation I have notyet begun to
fight!" was uttered in reply to a demand tosurrender in this phase
of the battle), finally succeedingafter about an hour, following
which his deck guns andhis Marine marksmen in the rigging began
clearing theBritish decks. Alliance sailed past and fired a
broadside,doing at least as much damage to Richard as to
Serapis.Meanwhile, Countess of Scarborough had enticed
Pallasdownwind of the main battle, beginning a separate
en-gagement. When Alliance approached this contest, aboutan hour
after it had begun, the badly damaged Countesssurrendered.With
Bonhomme Richard burning and sinking, it seemsthat her ensign was
shot away; when one of the officers,apparently believing his
captain to be dead, shouted a sur-render, the British commander
asked, seriously this time,if they had struck their colours. Jones
later rememberedsaying something like I am determined to make
youstrike, but the words allegedly heard by crew-membersand
reported in newspapers a few days later were morelike: I may sink,
but I'll be damned if I strike. An at-tempt by the British to board
Bonhomme Richard wasthwarted, and a grenade caused the explosion of
a largequantity of gunpowder on Serapis ' s lower gun-deck.Alliance
then returned to the main battle, firing twobroadsides. Again,
these did at least as much damage toRichard as to Serapis, but the
tactic worked to the ex-tent that, unable to move, and with
Alliance keeping wellout of the line of his own great guns, Captain
Pearson ofSerapis accepted that prolonging the battle could only
killthe British prisoners on the board of Bonhomme Richard.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Patonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapis_flaghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Bonhomme_Richard_(1765)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Bonhomme_Richard_(1765)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques-Donatien_Le_Rayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques-Donatien_Le_Rayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada_of_1779https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Alliance_(1778)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Vengeancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Monsieur_(1780)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groixhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamborough_Headhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamborough_Headhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Serapis_(1779)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Serapis_(1779)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hired_armed_vesselshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hired_armed_ship_Countess_of_Scarboroughhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hired_armed_ship_Countess_of_Scarboroughhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Flamborough_Headhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocryphahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_(military)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensignhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striking_the_colors
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5
Paul Jones the Pirate, British caricature
One of prisoners had escaped, came on board of Serapisand
explained to Pearson that Jones had been completelycrazy and would
kill his crew and all prisoners by pro-longing the battle. He
persuaded Captain Pearson to bea gentleman contrary to Jones and to
save the souls ofBritish prisoners and of crews of both ships. This
is whyPearson surrendered. Most of Bonhomme Richards
crewimmediately transferred to other vessels, and after a dayand a
half of frantic repair efforts, it was decided thatthe ship could
not be saved, so it was allowed to sink, andJones took command of
Serapis for the trip to neutral (butAmerican-sympathizing)
Holland.In the following year, the King of France Louis XVI,
hon-ored him with the title "Chevalier". Jones accepted thehonor,
and desired the title to be used thereafter: whenthe Continental
Congress in 1787 resolved that a medal ofgold be struck in
commemoration of his valor and bril-liant services it was to be
presented to Chevalier JohnPaul Jones. He also received from Louis
XVI a decora-tion of l'Institution du Mrite Militaire and a sword.
Bycontrast, in Britain at this time, he was usually denigratedas a
pirate.
2.3 Russian service
Further information: Russo-Turkish War (17871792)
In June 1782, Jones was appointed to command the 74-gun USS
America, but his command fell through whenCongress decided to give
America to the French as re-
placement for the wrecked Le Magnifique. As a result,he was
given assignment in Europe in 1783 to collectprize money due his
former hands. At length, this tooexpired and Jones was left without
prospects for activeemployment, leading him on April 23, 1787 to
enter intothe service of the Empress Catherine II of Russia,
whoplaced great confidence in Jones, saying: He will get
toConstantinople. He was granted name as a French sub-ject (Pavel
de Zhoves, Paul de Joves).[19]
Jones avowed his intention, however, to preserve the con-dition
of an American citizen and officer. As a rear ad-miral aboard the
24-gun flagship Vladimir, he took partin the naval campaign in the
Dnieper-Bug Liman (anarm of the Black Sea, into which flow the
Southern Bugand Dnieper rivers) against the Turks, in concert
withthe Dnieper Flotilla commanded by Prince Charles
ofNassau-Siegen. Jones (and Nassau-Siegen) repulsed theOttoman
forces from the area, but the jealous intriguesof Nassau-Siegen
(and perhaps Joness own inaptitude forImperial politics) turned the
Russian commander PrinceGrigory Potmkin against Jones[20] and he
was recalled toSt. Petersburg for the pretended purpose of being
trans-ferred to a command in the North Sea. Another factormay have
been the resentment of several ex-British navalofficers also in
Russian employment, who regarded Jonesas a renegade and refused to
speak to him. Whatevermotivated the Prince, once recalled he was
compelledto remain in idleness, while rival officers plotted
againsthim and even maliciously assailed his private
characterthrough accusations of sexual misconduct. In April
1789Jones was arrested and accused of raping a 12-year-oldgirl
named Katerina Goltzwart.[21] But the Count de Se-gur, the French
representative at the Russian court (andalso Jones last friend in
the capital), conducted his ownpersonal investigation into the
matter and was able to con-vince Potmkin that the girl had not been
raped and thatJones had been accused by Prince de Nassau-Siegen
forhis own purposes;[22] Jones, however, admitted to pros-ecutors
that he had often frolicked with the girl for asmall cash payment,
only denying that he had deprivedher of her virginity.[23] Even so,
in that period he was ableto author his Narrative of the Campaign
of the Liman.On June 8, 1788, Jones was awarded the Order of
St.Anne, but he left the following month, an embittered man.In 1789
Jones arrived in Warsaw, Poland, where he be-friended another
veteran of the American RevolutionaryWar, Tadeusz Kociuszko.
Kociuszko advised him toleave the service of the autocratic Russia,
and serve an-other power, suggesting Sweden. Despite
Kociuszkosbacking, the Swedes, while somewhat interested, in theend
decided not to recruit Jones.[24]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Congresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piratehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%931792)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_America_(1782)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_II_of_Russiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear_admiralhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear_admiralhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnieper-Bug_Estuaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Bughttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnieperhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnieper_Flotilla#Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%9392)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_of_Nassau-Siegenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_of_Nassau-Siegenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigory_Alexandrovich_Potemkinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Philippe_de_S%C3%A9gur,_Count_of_S%C3%A9gurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Philippe_de_S%C3%A9gur,_Count_of_S%C3%A9gurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Henry_of_Nassau-Siegenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_St._Annahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_St._Annahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko
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6 4 LEGACY
John Paul Jones Memorial in Washington, D.C.
3 Later life and death
In May 1790, Jones arrived in Paris, where he remainedin
retirement for the rest of his life cut short, although hemade a
number of attempts to re-enter the service in theRussian navy. In
June 1792, Jones was appointed U.S.Consul to treat with the Dey of
Algiers for the release ofAmerican captives. Before Jones was able
to fulfill his ap-pointment, however, he was found dead (aged 45)
lyingface-down on his bed in his third-floor Paris apartment,No. 19
Rue de Tournon, on July 18, 1792. The causeof death was
interstitial nephritis. [25] A small processionof servants, friends
and loyal family walked his body thefour miles (6 km) for burial.
He was buried in Paris atthe Saint Louis Cemetery, which belonged
to the Frenchroyal family. Four years later, Frances revolutionary
gov-ernment sold the property and the cemetery was forgot-ten. The
area was later used as a garden, a place to disposeof dead animals
and where gamblers bet on animal fights.
4 Legacy
In 1905, Joness remains were identified by U.S. Ambas-sador to
France Gen. Horace Porter, who had searchedfor six years to track
down the body using faulty copiesof Joness burial record. Thanks to
the kind donation ofa French admirer, Pierrot Francois Simmoneau,
who haddonated over 460 francs, Joness body was preserved in
al-cohol and interred in a lead coffin in the event that should
John Paul Jones and John Barry, honored on U.S. Postage,
NavyIssue of 1937
John Paul Joness marble and bronze sarcophagus at the
UnitedStates Naval Academy
the United States decide to claim his remains, they mightmore
easily be identified. Porter knew what to look for inhis search.
With the aid of an old map of Paris, Portersteam, which included
anthropologist Louis Capitan, iden-tified the site of the former
St. Louis Cemetery for AlienProtestants. Sounding probes were used
to search for leadcoffins and five coffins were ultimately exhumed.
Thethird, unearthed on April 7, 1905, was later identified bya
meticulous post-mortem examination by Doctors Cap-itan and Georges
Papillault as being that of Jones. Theautopsy confirmed the
original listing of cause of death.The face was later compared to a
bust by Jean-AntoineHoudon.Joness body was ceremonially removed
from intermentin a Parisian charnel house and brought to the
UnitedStates aboard the USS Brooklyn (CA-3), escorted bythree other
cruisers. On approaching the American coast-line, seven U.S. Navy
battleships joined the processionescorting Joness body back to
America. On April 24,1906, Joness coffin was installed in Bancroft
Hall at theUnited States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland,
fol-lowing a ceremony in Dahlgren Hall, presided over byPresident
Theodore Roosevelt who gave a lengthy tribu-tary speech.[26] On
January 26, 1913, the Captains re-mains were finally re-interred in
a magnificent bronze
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Jones_Memorialhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algiershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_nephritishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Porterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierrot_Francois_Simmoneauhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcophagushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Capitanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Houdonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Houdonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charnel_househttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Brooklyn_(CA-3)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy#Halls_and_principal_buildingshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapolis,_Marylandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt
-
7
and marble sarcophagus at the Naval Academy Chapelin
Annapolis.[27]
5 In popular culture
The 1824 novel The Pilot by James FenimoreCooper contains
fictionalized accounts of Jonessmaritime activities.[28] Alexandre
Dumas's CaptainPaul, a follow-up novel to The Pilot, was
publishedin 1846.[29]
In Herman Melville's Israel Potter (1855), the maincharacter met
John Paul Jones, who is negotiatingwith Benjamin Franklin. Later on
Israel joins himin several of Jones attacks and sea battles.
In 1923, Franklin Delano Roosevelt wrote a screen-play about
John Paul Jones and sent it to ParamountPictures founder Adolph
Zukor, who politely re-jected it. In 1983, the TV show Voyagers!
used thatfact as part of an alternate history where Roosevelthas
become a successful movie director.[30]
John Paul (Jones) appears as a largely true-to-historycharacter
in the Revolutionary-era novel RichardCarvel by American author
Winston Churchill, (notthe British Prime Minister of the same
name), pub-lished in 1899.
Jones was portrayed by actor Robert Stack in the1959 film John
Paul Jones, directed by John Farrow.
Nicholas Nicastro wrote two historical novels aboutJones and his
times, The Eighteenth Captain (1999)and Between Two Fires (2002),
published by Mc-Books Press.
The John Paul Jones Junior High School inPhiladelphia was added
to the National Register ofHistoric Places in 1988.[31]
The story of Joness attack on Whitehaven Harbourfeatures in Dan
Chapmans 2012 novel Looking forLucy.[32]
In David Weber's Alternate history story The Cap-tain from
Kirkbean, when John Paul was twelve hisfather had been able to
secure for him a position asa Midshipman on a Royal Navy ship,
leading to anillustrious naval career culminating with his
becom-ing Captain Sir John Paul, using all his abilities infighting
for King George of Britain and against theAmerican rebels.
6 See also
Armada of 1779
Bibliography of early American naval history: JohnPaul Jones
John Paul Jones Cottage Museum, birthplace ofJones in
Scotland
John Paul Jones House, residence in New Hamp-shire during
construction of America
USS Paul Jones (DD-10), a Bainbridge-classdestroyer,
commissioned in 1902, decommissionedin 1919.
USS Paul Jones (DD-230), a Clemson-classdestroyer, commissioned
in 1921, decommissionedin 1945.
USS John Paul Jones (DD-932), a Forrest Sherman-class destroyer
of the US Navy. Commissioned1956; decommissioned 1982.
USS John Paul Jones (DDG-53), an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer
in active service in the US Navy asof 2015. Commissioned in
1991.
7 References
This article incorporates text from a publication nowin the
public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911).Encyclopdia Britannica
(11th ed.). Cambridge Univer-sity Press.
[1] Morison, 1959 pp.91(John Hancock),
120-121(BenjaminFranklin)
[2] John Paul Jones, a US naval officer]
[3] John Paul Jones Timeline, SeacoastNH.com
[4] 1770 Extract of Warrant for the arrest of John Paul(Jones)",
Virtual Vault - Court Records (Scottish ArchiveNetwork (SCAN)),
retrieved 22 October 2012
[5] Brady, 1906 pp.10, 164
[6] Biography - Captain John Paul Jones.
History.navy.mil.Retrieved 2014-04-22.
[7] Cotten, Elizabeth. The John Paul Jones-Willie Jones
Tra-dition Charlotte: Heritage Printers, 1966
[8] Old Halifax, Ambistead C. Gordon
[9] Morison, S.E. (1999) John Paul Jones: A Sailors Biogra-phy.
Naval Institute Press,ISBN 1-55750-410-5, p. 52
[10] Morison, Samuel Eliot (1959). John Paul Jones: A
SailorsBiolgrarphy (1964 ed.). New York: Time, Inc. p. 78.
[11] Morison, Samuel Eliot (1959). John Paul Jones: A
SailorsBiolgrarphy (1964 ed.). New York: Time, Inc. p. 101.
[12] Paullin, 1906 p.293
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcophagushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Academy_Chapelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pilot:_A_Tale_of_the_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooperhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooperhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Dumashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Melvillehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Potterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolph_Zukorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyagers!https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Carvelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Carvelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill_(novelist)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Jones_(film)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Nicastrohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Jones_Junior_High_Schoolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Placeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Placeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Weberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternate_historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midshipmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada_of_1779https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_early_American_naval_history#John_Paul_Joneshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_early_American_naval_history#John_Paul_Joneshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Jones_Cottage_Museumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Jones_Househttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Paul_Jones_(DD-10)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bainbridge-class_destroyerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destroyerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Paul_Jones_(DD-230)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemson-class_destroyerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destroyerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_John_Paul_Jones_(DD-932)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrest_Sherman-class_destroyerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrest_Sherman-class_destroyerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destroyerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_John_Paul_Jones_(DDG-53)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arleigh_Burke-class_destroyerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arleigh_Burke-class_destroyerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destroyerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Editionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Jones#Morisonhttp://www.seacoastnh.com/Maritime-History/John-Paul-Jones/John-Paul-Jones-Timeline/http://www.scan.org.uk/researchrtools/courtrecords.htmhttp://www.scan.org.uk/researchrtools/courtrecords.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Jones#Bradyhttp://www.history.navy.mil/bios/jones_jp_conrad.htmhttps://archive.org/stream/oldhalifax00gord/oldhalifax00gord_djvu.txthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1557504105https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Jones#Paullin
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8 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY
[13] Jones, John Paul (1785), Extracts from the Journals of
myCampaigns, retrieved 2007-10-27
[14] Green, Ezra (1875), Diary of Ezra Green M.D.,
retrieved2007-10-27
[15] news report from Whitehaven, Cumberland Chronicle,April 25,
1778
[16] Seitz, Don (1917), Paul Jones: His Exploits in English
Seasduring 177880, retrieved 2009-03-06
[17] Adams, John (1778), autobiography part 2, 'Travels,
andNegotiations , Massachusetts Historical Society,
retrieved2007-10-27
[18] Log of the 'Bon Homme Richard', 1779 (PDF), John PaulJones
Cottage Museum, retrieved 2007-10-27
[19] Kravtsevych-Rozhnetsky, V. . (Sydir Bilyi and the Black
Corsair. How Cossacks with thefounder of USN battled). Ukrayinska
Pravda. March 30,2011.
[20] Martelle, Scott (2014). The Admiral and the Ambassador:One
Mans Obsessive Search for the Body of John PaulJones. Chicago
Review Press. pp. 102106. ISBN 978-1613747308. Retrieved March 4,
2015. (English)
[21] John Paul Jones: A Sailors Biography - Samuel Eliot
Mori-son. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2014-04-22.
[22] Jaroslav Poleschuk,
http://www.webpro.cimis.com.ua(2014-04-16). J.Paul Jones.
For.lib.kherson.ua.Retrieved 2014-04-22.
[23] Charles King, Odessa: Genius and Death in a City ofDreams
(W. W. Norton & Company, 2011; ISBN 0-393-07084-0), p. 47.
[24] Alex Storozynski (January 2011). Kosciuszko Ksiazechlopow.
W.A.B. pp. 189191. ISBN 978-83-7414-930-3. Retrieved 2 January
2013.
[25] John Paul Jones House at uswarmemorials.org
[26] Roosevelt, Theodore Dedication speech, Annapolis (24April
1906)- via theodore-roosevelt.com
[27] USNA Traditions U.S. Naval Academy Alumni Associa-tion
[28] James Fenimore Cooper: Sea Tales. The Library ofAmerica.
Retrieved 2012-11-28.
[29] Paul Jones, or, The son of the sea [electronic
resource]".Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
[30] Recipe for Success, by Jane West Walton. The
Coronet,February 1947. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
[31] National Register Information System. National Regis-ter of
Historic Places. National Park Service. 2010-07-09.
[32] Chapman, D. (2012), Looking for Lucy, UK: ConceptISBN
978-1-4701-2860-9
8 Bibliography
This article incorporates text from a publication nowin the
public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911).Encyclopdia Britannica
(11th ed.). Cambridge Univer-sity Press.
Boudriot, Jean (1987), John Paul Jones and theBonhomme Richard
(technical study of the ship),Collection archeologie navale
franaise, ISBN 2-903178-20-8.
Bradford, James C, ed. (1986), The papers of JohnPaul Jones (35
mm) (10 microfilm reels), Cam-bridge, UK; Alexandria, VA:
Chadwyck-Healey.
(1986), Guide to the microfilm edition of thepapers of John Paul
Jones, 17471792, Alexandria,VA: Chadwyck-Healey.
Brady, Cyrus Townsend (1906). Commodore PaulJones. New York: D.
Appleton & Co., 482 pp; orig-inal from Univ. California.
Cotten, Elizabeth H (1966), The John Paul Jones-Willie Jones
Tradition, Charlotte: Heritage Printers,ASIN B0007F8TO2.
de Koven, Reginald (Mrs) (1913), The Life and Let-ters of John
Paul Jones, London: Werner Laurie, 2vols.
Frost, John (1845), The Pictorial Book of The Com-modores;
Comprising Lives of Distinguished Com-manders In The Navy of The
United States, NewYork: Nafis & Cornish.
Gilkerson, William, The Ships of John Paul Jones(technical
study), Annapolis, MD: Naval InstitutePress, ISBN 0-87021-619-8
.
Goodheart, Adam (April 2006), Home is thesailor, Smithsonian
Magazine: 3246.
John Paul Jones, Harpers Magazine (New York,NY: Harper &
Bros) 11 (62), 1855: 14570.
Morison, Samuel Eliot (September 1999) [1959].John Paul Jones: A
Sailors Biography. US Naval In-stitute Press Bluejacket Books.
Raisz, Erwin, chartsand diagrams. Boston, MA: Little, Brown &
Co.ISBN 1-55750-410-5. LCC E207.J7 M6.
Paullin, Charles Oscar (1906). The navy of theAmerican
Revolution: its administration, its policyand its achievements.
Iowa: The Burrows Broth-ers/Republican Printing., 549 pp.
Purcell, L Edward (1993), Who was Who in theAmerican Revolution,
New York: Facts on File,ISBN 0-8160-2107-4.
http://www.americanrevolution.org/jpj.htmlhttp://www.americanrevolution.org/jpj.htmlhttp://www.public.coe.edu/~theller/soj/ttl/jpj/green.htmlhttp://www.pastpresented.info/cumbria/chron78ma.htmhttp://www.archive.org/stream/pauljoneshisexpl00seituoft/pauljoneshisexpl00seituoft_djvu.txthttp://www.archive.org/stream/pauljoneshisexpl00seituoft/pauljoneshisexpl00seituoft_djvu.txthttp://www.masshist.org/digitaladams/aea/cfm/doc.cfm?id=A2_36http://www.masshist.org/digitaladams/aea/cfm/doc.cfm?id=A2_36http://www.jpj.demon.co.uk/bhrlog.pdfhttp://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2011/03/30/33852/http://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2011/03/30/33852/http://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2011/03/30/33852/http://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2011/03/30/33852/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravdahttps://books.google.com/books?id=Qqk2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102https://books.google.com/books?id=Qqk2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102https://books.google.com/books?id=Qqk2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1613747308https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1613747308http://books.google.com/books?id=Hi44whI49akC&pg=PA459&lpg=PA459&dq=John+Paul+Jones+rape&source=bl&ots=W1meeNT2dQ&sig=0Es9k1tsYJfwwGae3yXXjCQC7oc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vbT7T_PgOujg2QXax6DvBg&ved=0CGIQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=John%2520Paul%2520Jones%2520rape&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=Hi44whI49akC&pg=PA459&lpg=PA459&dq=John+Paul+Jones+rape&source=bl&ots=W1meeNT2dQ&sig=0Es9k1tsYJfwwGae3yXXjCQC7oc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vbT7T_PgOujg2QXax6DvBg&ved=0CGIQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=John%2520Paul%2520Jones%2520rape&f=falsehttp://www.webpro.cimis.com.ua/http://for.lib.kherson.ua/en-jones.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393070840https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393070840http://books.google.com/books?id=yvanuAAACAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=yvanuAAACAAJhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-7414-930-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-7414-930-3http://www.uswarmemorials.org/html/site_details.php?SiteID=238http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/trjpjburial.htmlhttp://www.usna.com/Parents/SPPA/Library_Dir/USNA-Traditions.htmhttp://www.loa.org/volume.jsp?RequestID=30http://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/9308477http://www.oldmagazinearticles.com/FDR_Hollywood_biography_Triviahttp://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781470128609https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Editionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-903178-20-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-903178-20-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Bradfordhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_Townsend_Bradyhttp://books.google.com/books?id=a_9EAAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.com/books?id=a_9EAAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Numberhttps://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007F8TO2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-619-8http://www.smithsonianmagazine.com/issues/2006/april/poi.phphttp://www.smithsonianmagazine.com/issues/2006/april/poi.phphttp://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/moa-cgi?notisid=ABK4014-0011-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper%2527s_Magazinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Eliot_Morisonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusettshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-410-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Classificationhttp://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?Search_Arg=E207.J7+M6&Search_Code=CALL_&CNT=5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_O._Paullinhttp://books.google.com/books?id=Ws5EAAAAIAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=Ws5EAAAAIAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=Ws5EAAAAIAAJhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-2107-4
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9
Thomas, Evan (2003), John Paul Jones: Sailor,Hero, Father of the
American Navy (popular biog-raphy), Waterville, ME: Thorndike
Press, ISBN 0-7862-5875-6.
8.1 Further reading
Brown, Charles Walter (1902), John Paul Jones ofnaval fame: a
character of the revolution, MA:Donohue & co, 271 pp.
Callo, Joseph (2011), John Paul Jones: AmericasFirst Sea
Warrior, Naval Institute Press, 289 pp.
Sherburne, John Henry (1825). The Life of PaulJones: From
Original Documents in the Possessionof John Henry Sherburne.
London: John Murray.320 pp.
(1851). The life and character of John PaulJones:a captain in
the United States navy. During therevolutionary war. New York:
Adriance, Sherman& co., 408 pp.
9 External links John Paul Jones, US: Navy.
FAQ, US: Navy.
Excerpts form the Journals of my Campaign JohnPaul Jones
John Paul Jones Museum
Official report by Jones from aboard Serapis in Hol-land
(1779)
The Best Quote Jones Never Wrote
John Paul Jones and Asymmetric Warfare
Battle of Flamborough Head
John Paul Joness attack upon Whitehaven, as re-ported in Lloyds
Evening Post, 1778
John Paul Jones. Find a Grave. Retrieved May 7,2015.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7862-5875-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7862-5875-6http://books.google.com/books?id=IaBBAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+paul+jones&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.com/books?id=IaBBAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+paul+jones&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.com/books?id=uX8CbfFntvQC&dq=john+paul+jones&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.com/books?id=uX8CbfFntvQC&dq=john+paul+jones&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.com/books?id=y8NCAAAAYAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=y8NCAAAAYAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=y8NCAAAAYAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=JB5CAAAAIAAJ&dq=john+paul+joneshttp://books.google.com/books?id=JB5CAAAAIAAJ&dq=john+paul+joneshttp://books.google.com/books?id=JB5CAAAAIAAJ&dq=john+paul+joneshttp://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/traditions/html/jpjones.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_Americahttp://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq58-1.htmhttp://www.americanrevolution.org/jpj.htmlhttp://www.americanrevolution.org/jpj.htmlhttp://www.jpj.demon.co.uk/jpjlife.htmhttp://www.numa.net/articles/report_of_john_paul_jones.htmlhttp://sppa.usnaparents.com/Library_Dir/Qualifications%2520of%2520a%2520Naval%2520Officer.htmhttp://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/general/articles/johnpauljones.aspxhttp://www.yorkshirehistory.com/http://www.jpj.demon.co.uk/whitehaven.pdfhttp://www.jpj.demon.co.uk/whitehaven.pdfhttp://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=554https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find_a_Grave
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10 10 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
10 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
10.1 Text
John Paul Jones Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Jones?oldid=674539826
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Amillar, Rmhermen, Jinian, Isis~enwiki, D, JohnOwens, Ixfd64,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Jones?oldid=674539826
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10.2 Images 11
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12 10 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
10.3 Content license Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
3.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/Early life and
educationCareerThe American ColoniesRevolutionary War commandEarly
commandCommand of RangerRanger attacks the BritishReturn to
IrelandBonhomme RichardRussian serviceLater life and deathLegacyIn
popular cultureSee alsoReferencesBibliographyFurther
readingExternal linksText and image sources, contributors, and
licensesTextImagesContent license