Jochen Theloke University of Stuttgart

Jochen Theloke PEP-28. Mai 2008Projected NMVOC emissions from the solvent use sector in Germany 1

Parties perspectives and discussion

Projected NMVOC emissions from the

solvent use sector in Germany

Jochen Theloke

University of Stuttgart


Agenda

Introduction

Methodology for emission calculation

Results

Methodology for emission projections

Results

Conclusion


Emissions from solvent use are the largest source group of NMVOC in Germany

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

3 500

4 000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Stationary sourcesNon-industrial combustion plantsRoad transportOther mobil sources and machineryExtraction and distribution of fossil fuelsProduction processesAgricultureSolvent use

Em

iss

ion

s in

kt/

a

Source: Umweltdaten Deutschland (2005: 1128 kt)

& National Plan for NEC midterm review (2010: 987 kt)


Solvent Use

• Application of solvents

• Application of solvent containing products

• Production of solvent containing products

• Application of Propellants (Propane/Butane)

• Extraction of fat, edible and non edible oil (n-hexane)

• Cooling agents

• Softening agents (Phtalates)

• Concrete additives

• Application of thinners


Paint application

Printing application

Application of glues and adhesives

Degreasing processes

Plastics and rubber processing

Manufacturing of solvent content products

Domestic solvent use

Frost protection and deicing agents

Aerosolsprays

Other applications

About 100 different solvent related activities are considered in the German inventory

Solvent relevant Source groups


Emission calculation methodology

Product-related calculation methodology – The calculation is on base of public available data operable

Emission = Inland consumption x solvent content x emission factor

importsolvent x

exportsolvent x

productionsolvent x

inlandconsumption

solvent x

manufacturechem.

product y

importchem.

product y

exportchem.

product y

inland consumptionchem.

product y

emissionreduction techniques

other pathways

Solvent Balance Manufacture Consumption

emissions


Example: Paint Application

1) Identification of relevant Product groups:

• Water based paints and varnishes

• Solvent based paints and varnishes

• Powder varnishes

• Thinners for application

• Other thinners

2) Assignment of the Product groups to the Systematic of the Productions statistic

3) Assignment of the systematic of the production statistic to the Foreign trade statistic systematic

4) Linkage between Inland consumed specific product to specific application field (from German Paint Association)


Example: Paint application

GP- number ofProduction statistic

:Paints for inside coatingGP 2430 11 501Paints for outside coatingGP 2430 11 503other paintsGP 2430 11 505Varnishes, dispersionpaintsGP 2430 11 507

:

WA-number ofForeign trade statistic

:WA 3209 10 00

:

Inlands consumption


Example: Paint application

Inland consumption of paint and varnishes

Solventbased

PowderWaterbased

Thinner forapplication

OtherThinners

Application area

Solvent contentsolvent based

Solvent contentwater based

Thinner forapplication

Application specific solvent use

Application specific emission factor

OtherThinners

Application specific emissions

Application of specific solvent content


Emission from paint application in Germany 2005 (Sum: 346 kt)

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Em

issi

on

s in

kt/

a


Solvent emissions Germany 2005 (sum: 743 kt)

Paint application

45%

Domestic Solvent use

9%

Printing processes

13%

Concrete additives

6%

Degreasing5%

Wood protection

4%

Others16%


Emissions from printing processes in Germany 2005 (sum: 95 kt)

Heatset Offset11%

Screen printing11%

Packaging 17%

Other30%

Book printing0,2%

Inks/Tusches0,45%

other Offset printing4%

Illustration gravure printing

8%

Sheet fed Offset19%

artist colours0,33%


NMVOC emissions from domestic solvent use (sum: 69 kt)

Hair sprays25%

Pharmaceutical agents

4% Cosmetics and personal

hygiene agents28%

Perfumes16%

Cleaning agents

16%

Maintainance agents

11%


Calculation of projected emissions for future years

Scenario „ Constant Emission factors“

Assignment of Source groups to activity indices

Application of activity indices to emissions 2005(Constant Emission factors assumed)

Reference scenario (CLE)

Estimation of capture grades of the solvent directive

Calculation of abatement grade through the solvent directive on

base of the limit value for diffuse emissions

Estimation of abatement effect of the DECOPAINT“- Directive on base of the defined solvent contents


31. BImSchV (National solvent directive)National Implementation of the EU-Directive 1999/13/EC

Installation-related

19 application areas captured above a defined yearly solvent consumption (solvent bilance)

Defined emission limits for captured und diffuse emissions

Reduction plan

Legislation for old installations since 01. Nov 2007

Legislation for new installations since 01. Nov 2004

Abatement potential for Germany about 151 kt/a

Abatement level [-] =

Limit for diffuse Emissions [%] / Emission factor 2005 [%]


Example for determination of the capture gradePrinting processes Captured Not Captured

Emissions [t] Installations Emissions [t] Installations

Illustration gravure printing 8.108 16

Coldset offset printing 2.380 200

Sheet fed offset printing 18.387 11.000

Heatsetoffset printing 11.000 160

Endless offset printing 1.191 250

Book printing 203 2

Packaging gravure printing 11.484 100

Packaging flexography printing 4.941 150 820 1.500

Screen printing 11.282 550

Sum 35.533 426 34.263 13.502

Share 51% 3,1% 49% 96,9%

Source: Jepsen et al., UBA-Research Report, 1999


„DECOPAINT“-RichtlinieEU-Directive 2004/42/EG („DECOPAINT“-Directive)

Product related

12 different Paint- und Varnish categories captured

Maximum Solvent content defined

Declaration requirements

Implementation in two stages until 2010

First stage from 01. Jan 2007

National Implementation: Chemikalienrechtliche Verordnung (since 23.December 2004 legislation)

Abatement potential about 26 kt/a

Abatement level 2010 [-] =

solvent-cont. (max., 2010)[g/l]/(solvent cont. (2005) [g/kg]*Density[kg/l])


Emissions 2010 (unabated)Scenario „Constant Emission factors“

Emissions 2005

Aktivity index 2010(PROGNOS AG, 2003)

No abatementDECOPAINT-

Directive

Emissions 2010 (abated)„Reference scenario 2010"

-151 kt

Solvent directive

Captured share

Abatement impact

-26 kt


Reference scenario 2010

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Pri

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Pai

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s

Oth

ers

0

50

100

150

200

250

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350

400

450

2005 (743 kt)

2010_KONST (863 kt)

2010_REF (686 kt)

Em

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on

s in

[kt

/a]


Emissions from solvent use will be also the largest source group of NMVOC in 2020 in Germany

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

3 500

4 000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2010 2020

Stationary sourcesNon-industrial combustion plantsRoad transportOther mobil sources and machineryExtraction and distribution of fossil fuelsProduction processesAgricultureSolvent use

Em

issi

on

s in

kt/

a

Source: Umweltdaten Deutschland

& National Plan for NEC midterm review (1051 kt)


Conclusion

Germany calculate the emission from solvent use on base of a product related method => Emissions in 2005 : 743 kt from 100 different applications fields

The projections are done on base of economic indicators and estimated impacts of current legislation

The abatement effect of solvent directive until 2010 will be decreasing the solvent emissions in Germany of about 17% (151 kt)

For the implementation of the „DECOPAINT“-Directive is estimated a further decrease of 3% (26 kt) of solvent emissions until 2010

In 2010 for the CLE-Scenario emissions from solvent use sector of are projected of about 686 kt

For 2020 are 800 kt projected in the CLE-Scenario

That means the NMVOC emissions will slightly increase from 2010 to 2020 (CLE-Scenario) in Germany


Thank you for your Attention


E Reference scenario, 2010 = E 2005 x Ai x (1-EG x MG)

E2000 : Emissions for 2005

Ai : Aktivity index 2020/2005

EG : Capture grade of the solvent directive

MG : Abatement potential of the solvent directive

AG=EF2010/EF2005

EF2005 : Emission factor for 2005

EF2010 : Maximum limit value for diffuse emissions defined by the solvent directive

Formulas for Reference scenario

Jochen Theloke University of Stuttgart

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