Joburg Joburg Waste Summit 24 March 2015 Low Carbon Waste Management.

Joburg

Joburg Waste Summit

24 March 2015

Low Carbon Waste Management

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Introduction

City’s Growth & Development Strategy, 2040

• The City together with its residents and stakeholders, shaped a vision and plan for the future through the GDS 2040, focusing on four pillars: 1) economic growth, 2) sustainable services, 3) human and social development and 4) good governance. The intention is to strive toward minimal resource reliance and increased preservation of natural resources. This would include:

• Providing a resilient, liveable, sustainable urban environment that is underpinned by infrastructure supportive of a low-carbon economy

Source: Growth & Development Strategy 2040 Report

Each of these concepts are interrelated as they contribute to a resilience, sustainable

and livable City

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Resource Sustainability: A Mayoral Priority

Resource Sustainability: Description and Focus Economic growth is strongly interrelated with the demand for water, energy and ecological goods &

services resulting in the generation of waste (solid, gas, liquid)

Managing natural resources as either pristine resources or as valuable economic commodities is the prime objective of this Priority with a focus on the consequences of using these natural resources for human activity .

This means that the City has an obligation to ensure ecological sustainable development and the use of natural resources while furthering justifiable economic and social or human development for purposes of survival and prosperity.

Johannesburg population will grow from 4,4 million people (2010/11) to 5,5 million in the next ten years (2020). Taking current capacity levels into consideration most of the infrastructure to support this growth must therefore still be provided in years to come.

It is now the opportune time to ensure that such infrastructure are sustainable, resilient and of a low carbon nature.

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Waste disposed: 1.6 million tonnes 2014/15

• Projected annual waste disposal growth rate: 3.6%

• Forecast waste disposal by 2020 1.99 million tons/year

• Forecast waste disposal by 2030: 2.7 million tons/year

• Forecast waste disposal by 2040 3.6 million tons/year

• Operates 4 landfill sites, with average 10 years landfill space

Projected waste disposal volumes

Waste Generation 2015

Waste Generation 2025

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Where do we start as a City?

Urban development - By being mindful of how and where development occurs (spatial planning for human settlements), cities can affect energy use, travel behaviours, air quality, waste generation and resource use.

Own Operations - By focusing on internal processes and service delivery operations, we can make big sustainability impacts on areas such as public transport, energy efficiency for own operations such as, waste management, and waste water treatment as well as within council owned buildings.

Economic Activities and Human Behaviour - private sector and communities at large within the city consumes resources for purposes of economic growth and generates waste as a by product. Whether it be mining activities or manufacturing, retail or professional services, it consumes resources and it generate waste. All these activities contribute towards climate change by the production of GHG emissions.

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Climate Change

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Climate Change – GHG Inventory (GPC 2007 Baseline)

CoJ as a City is the largest greenhouse gas emitter in SA

Comparing Johannesburg with other Cities in South Africa (2007 figures): The per capita emissions in Johannesburg is 6,89 tons per capita Durban = 6,19 tons per capita Cape Town = 5,54 tons per capita

Comparing Johannesburg with London: London has more than double the number of households than Johannesburg; London consumes more than double the electricity that Johannesburg

consumes; The difference is however the following:

o London consumes less per household than Johannesburg due to use of natural gas for cooking and heating;

o Despite the fact that London used twice as much energy as Johannesburg, London’s GHG emissions from electricity are almost the same as Johannesburg;

Climate Change – GHG Inventory (GPC 2007 Baseline)

Waste Sector Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Emissions

National contribution per sector CoJ contribution per sector

Waste Sector Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Waste Sector Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) are agents that have relatively short lifetime in the atmosphere – a

few days to a few decades – and a warming influence on climate;

The main short-lived climate pollutants are black carbon, methane and tropospheric ozone;

These short-lived climate pollutants are also dangerous air pollutants, with various detrimental impacts

on human health, agriculture and ecosystems. SLCPs account for approximately 40-45% of present

climate forcing;

Reducing SLCPs has the potential to avoid the rise in 0.5°C global warming by 2050 and 0.7°C in the

Arctic by 2040,which can cut the rate of global warming by half;

Municipal solid waste, including landfills, is the third largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions

globally;

Municipal solid waste is also a significant source of black carbon, as well as carbon dioxide, from open

burning and waste transport, creating serious air pollution in cities;

Phenomenon and direction of trend

Food production & Biodiversity

Water resources Human Health Human Settlements, Society & Industry

Hot days and nights Decrease in food production, increase

insect outbreaks

Decrease in water availability due to

evapo-transpiration

Decreased activity and economic

output

Increase in energy demand for cooling, deterioration of

air quality Warm spells/Heat

WavesDecreased food yields

due to heat stress, decrease in food

security and increased danger of wild fires

Increased water demand and

decrease in water quality e.g. algal

blooms

Increased risk of heat related mortality,

especially for the elderly, chronically

sick and socially isolated

Decrease of quality of life especially for those without

appropriate housing

Heavy Rainfall Destruction of biodiversity

Potential impacts on the quality of surface

and groundwater

Increased risk of deaths, injuries and

infectious respiratory and skin diseases

Disruption of settlements, commerce, logistics and societies due to flooding.

Damage to infrastructure and loss of property

Dry spells/drought Loss of biodiversity & decreased food

productivity

Decrease in water availability for many

essential services

Increased risk of malnutrition,

increase in food and water

Water shortages for human settlements, industry and

society, potential for loss of investment 7

competitivenessThunderstorms and

strong windsWind throw/uprooting

of treesPower outages

disrupting water supply

Increased risk of death and injuries,

Post traumatic stress disorders

Disruption of economic activity, loss or property, withdrawal of insurance

cover for vulnerable areas, migration,

Impacts of climate change per sector

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Aim of Strategy• To reduce the man-made greenhouse gas emissions through the promotion

of a more sustainable use of energy, and also to enhance resilience of communities and infrastructure from most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change in the City of Johannesburg.

• To reduce greenhouse gas emissions whilst improving data collection for monitoring and reporting purposes (10% Reduction in GHG emissions by 2015 (measured from 2007)

• To minimise exposure to risk and vulnerability of communities to inform future planning in terms of hot spots for flooding in the CoJ to protect communities, properties, infrastructure from the catastrophic impacts as a result of extreme weather events (Adaptation)

• To enhance resilience of communities and infrastructure from heatwave events due to the anticipated warming and flooding events (Adaptation)

• To understand the impacts of climate change in different sectors and o determine mitigation measures

• To incorporate climate change into all future actions in the CoJ especially service delivery and other developmental issues

Joburg’s Draft Energy & Climate Change Strategy

Short, medium & long-term objectives

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City Innovations Towards a Low Carbon Economy

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Green projects per Sector

ENERGY

• Energy Plan for the City• Smart meter roll-out (underway)• Solar water heaters (one year left on contract)• Energy storage (`virtual plants’, flexible grid)• Ongoing tariff adjustment (flat fee, net metering)

TRANSPORT• Re-fleeting Metrobus / mini-bus in line with staged transition to green fuels• Conversion of busses to dual-diesel fuel• Non-motorized transport zone

WATER

• Wastewater treatment plant upgrading• Smart water meter roll-out• Alternative water use program (rainwater, etc.)• Stormwater attenuation

WASTE

• Separation at Source implementation• Landfill Gas to Energy• Biogas to energy (WWTW, Fresh Produce Market, Zoo)• Composting and pelleting• Waste to energy (e.g. diversion of existing waste, biogas digester at

market sites)

BUILDING SECTOR

• Low Carbon Approach to Spatial Planning and Urban Transformation• City’s buildings green audit and retrofit (JPC)• Recycling at Council Buildings and Rental Housing• Revision of planning requirements for building energy efficiency

(Development Planning)

Sector CC Mitigation CC Adaptation

Energy • Development of an Energy Plan for the City

• Smart meter roll-out (underway)• Solar water heaters (one year left on

contract)• Energy storage (`virtual plants’, flexible

grid)

• Review of climate change Adaptation Plan• Climate cost-benefit analysis

Transport • Re-fleeting Metrobus / mini-bus in line with staged transition to green fuels

• Conversion of busses to DDF• Non-motorized transport zone

• Green guidelines • Bicycle lanes

Water • Wastewater treatment plant upgrading (JW)

• Smart water meter roll-out (JW)• Alternative water use program

(rainwater, etc.) (JW & EISD)• Ground Water exploration

• Green guidelines• CoJ climate change implementation strategy

for the water sector• Climate Change strategy for water• Storm water attenuation• Enhancement of early warnings systems• Maintenance of stormwater drainage

systems • Increase on education and awareness

programmes for the communities

Waste • Separation at Source implementation (Pikitup)

• Landfill Gas to Energy (PPP)• Waste to energy (e.g., diversion of

general waste)• Biogas digester for Fresh Produce Market

and Zoo (EISD)

• Green guidelines

Building Sector

• City’s buildings green audit and retrofit (CP)

• Revision of planning requirements for building energy efficiency (Development Planning)

• Green guidelines • Energy efficiency/renewable energy in

residential areas• Off-grid solutions

Mitigation & Adaptation Projects per Sector

City Diversion Targets

2016: 20% landfill diversion (CoJ Integrated Waste Management Plan 2011)

City currently diverts 7% of total waste to landfill

2020: 47% landfill diversion (Pikitup Waste Minimisation Plan)

2040: 93% landfill diversion (Pikitup Waste Minimisation Plan)

Innovation : Diversion : Separation at Source

The City through PIKITUP is implementing separation at source at household level to

facilitate waste reduction to landfill.

Currently the program has been rolled out to 480 000 households, but participation is

only at 27%

Have a waste pickers empowerment program to increase and formalise their participation

and efficiency in recycling.

A total of 24 cooperatives are participating in separation at source. We have now

identified 10 additional cooperatives as part of CoJ’s initiative to roll out Jozi@Work

PIKITUP investigating treatment technologies for green and construction and demolition

waste. (EISD in process to do feasibility for Waste to Energy)

Innovation : Diversion

Programme Indicator Actual Performance (2013/14)

Targets2014/15 2015/16 2016/17

Waste diversion from landfills

Tons of green waste per annum

5,000 40 000t 150 000 t 170 000 t

Tons of builders rubble per annum

new 20 000t 70 000 t 100 000 t

Tons of dry recyclables per annum (S@S)

20 000 tons 30 000t 100 000 tons

150 000 tons

Tons of food waste per annum

new new 10 000 t 15 000 t

TOTAL 25 000t 90 000t 330 000 t 435 000t

Innovation : Diversion : Waste to Energy

The city is investigating the feasibility of a solid waste treatment technology plant to treat municipal solid waste.

This will be developed through a "design-build-finance-maintain-operate-transfer" public private partnership (PPP) model.

The following studies are close to completion:

Waste characterisation study

Technology option study

Waste flow mode

Pre -site selection studies.

Financial modelling

The alternative technology will treat about 500 000 tons of the residual waste generated in he City, thus reducing waste disposal by more or less 30%.

Innovation : Landfill gas to electricity ( LFG)

The City initiated the landfill gas-to-energy CDM project in 2007 to mitigate the harmful greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from the landfills and to generate renewable energy from waste.

The renewable energy generated from the project will be fed into the municipal grid, thus off-setting largely coal derived electricity.

The project will offset about 362,000 tons of CO2/annum

About 19MW will be generated from the project which can power approximately 12 500 middle income households

The extraction and destruction (flaring) of this gas has provided the City with an opportunity to receive revenue from CER’s through the CDM process and from the generation and sale of electricity.

DOE selected the project as an REIPPP in October 2013 to supply 18MW and we waiting for ESKOM to finalise the PPA.

Innovation : Electricity from waste water treatment

Biogas to Energy plant at Northern WWTW’s (13/14 FY)

• Electricity generated = 1.1MW

• Tons of CO2 reduction = 1874.95

Future developments

• 5 of the 6 WWTWs in Joburg will generate biogas.

• Commissioning of the Driefontein biogas plant was launched in February 2015.

• Increase digester capacity at the Southern Works (Goudkoppies, Bushkoppie and Olifantsvlei WWTWs) is planned for the 15/16 FY to 17/18 FY

• The electricity generated from the gas is used to power the waste water treatment plant thus reducing the dependency (BY 60%) on coal- driven electricity.

Innovation : Bio-digesters for Other Municipal Operations

Fresh Produce Market (14/15 FY)

• Design and construction commissioned at Robinson Deep landfill site

• Will allow upgrade for larger volumes and other waste streams

• Completion of first unit expected around August/September

• Potential income from off-take agreement with potential customers e.g. Egoli Gas, Metrobus or Landfill Gas to Energy project

Johannesburg Zoo

• In conceptualisation phase which includes a feasibility

• If business case can be proven, funding solutions will be investigated

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Thank you for your attention