INTRODUCTION TO HRM The philosophy of managing human beings, as a concept was founded and developed in Ancient Literature in general and in Indian Philosophy in particular. The HR function was enriched itself, over the years by including within it, a ‘Development Dimension’ and thus moved itself from a ‘Reactive’ and ‘Maintenance Oriented’ function to a ‘Proactive’, ‘Path-Breaking’, Development Oriented Function. In present organizations, HR functions are viewed as ‘change agents.’ Sustained competitive advantage is possible through innovations, creativity and continued improvement. This is possible only through people. Hence, focus is given to employees. Ex. The Japanese Management. The responsibility of the development of Human Resources and Management of Personnel is not the sole responsibility of the HR Department. It is the concern of all the departments. Good HRD practices can influence financial and other performance indicators of the Corporation by generating employee satisfaction, which in turn can influence customer satisfaction. 1
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JOB SATISFACTION IN THE SOFTWARE INDUSTRY WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE MIDDLE MANAGEMENT GROUP”
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INTRODUCTION TO HRM
The philosophy of managing human beings, as a concept was founded and developed in
Ancient Literature in general and in Indian Philosophy in particular.
The HR function was enriched itself, over the years by including within it, a ‘Development
Dimension’ and thus moved itself from a ‘Reactive’ and ‘Maintenance Oriented’ function
to a ‘Proactive’, ‘Path-Breaking’, Development Oriented Function. In present
organizations, HR functions are viewed as ‘change agents.’
Sustained competitive advantage is possible through innovations, creativity and continued
improvement. This is possible only through people. Hence, focus is given to employees.
Ex. The Japanese Management.
The responsibility of the development of Human Resources and Management of Personnel
is not the sole responsibility of the HR Department. It is the concern of all the departments.
Good HRD practices can influence financial and other performance indicators of the
Corporation by generating employee satisfaction, which in turn can influence customer
satisfaction.
There is ample research and experimental data to suggest this. Any practices that deal with
enhancing competencies, commitment and culture building can be considered as an HR
practice. The activity can take the form of a system, a process, a norm, a rule, an expected
habit or just a way of doing things. Human Resource Development has been defined as
essentially consisting of the three C’s: Competencies, Commitment and Culture. All three
are needed to make an organization to function well.
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MEANING OF HRM
Human Resource Management is a series of integrated decisions that form the employment
relationship; their quality contributes to the ability of the organizations and the employees
to achieve their objective.
SCOPE OF HRM
The scope of HRM is indeed vast. All major activities in the working life of a worker, from
the time of his/her entry into an organization until he/she leaves, comes under the purview
of HRM. We can categorize the scope of HRM as Introduction to HRM, Employee Hiring,
Employee and Executive Remuneration, Employee Motivation, Employee Maintenance,
Industry Relations, Prospects of HRM etc.
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OBJECTIVES OF HRM
Social Objective
To be ethically and socially responsible to the need and challenges of the society while
minimizing the negative impact of such demands upon the organization. It includes legal
compliance, benefits, union-management relations etc.
Organizational Objective
To recognize the role of HRM in bringing about organizational effectiveness. It includes
human resource planning, employee relations, selection, training and development,
appraisal, placement, assessment etc.
Functional Objective
To maintain the department’s contribution at a level appropriate to the organization’s
needs. It includes appraisals, placement, assessment etc.
Personal Objective
To assist employees in achieving their personal goals, at least in so far, as these goals
enhance the individual’s contribution to the organization. It includes training and
development, appraisal, placement, compensation, assessment etc.
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
“Mid career employees and managers who should be at their peak of productivity are the
most dissatisfied segment of the workforce. The companies need to find ways to rekindle
the fires of this vast neglected group of people – or risk losing them all together.”
(Managing Middlescence: Morrison, Roberts & Dychwalt, Ken. Harward Business Review,
March 2006.)
Hippock defines Job Satisfaction as, “any combination of psychological, physiological and
environment circumstances that causes a person truthfully to say, ‘I am satisfied with my
job’”
The Executive Satisfaction Survey is an important tool to help the management understand
the views and aspirations of its workforce. Most organizations conduct employee opinion
surveys at some time. The Senior Management will say that surveying their executives is
indicative of their concern for people, and that the survey process should result in well-
motivated, productive and quality conscious officials; these same managers are often
perplexed because, no matter how many surveys they conduct, productivity and quality do
not improve.
To improve executive morale and decrease their attrition, the executive satisfaction surveys
can be a useful management tool.
In addition to an interview with the management and the employees, we examine
professional journals to better understand the needs at hand.
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Secondly, we develop a survey based on the requirements stated. In developing the survey,
we evaluate the questions that are necessary to assess a particular domain of satisfaction,
and reviewing sampling methodologies and question formats.
Thirdly, administering the survey, write – up the findings, prepare an executive summary
and provide suggestions.
In constructing the survey, we are mindful of the reliability and validity of the instrument.
Reliability refers to the consistency of the responses and the effect on the measurement
error. For example, test-retest reliability or parallel forms of the survey may be employed
to assess the stability of the responses. Scales of high reliability distinguishes domains
more accurately than scales with low reliability; reliable assessment leads to an accurate
discovery of relationships among variables.
Validity refers to measuring what you think you are measuring. Content validity, criterion-
related validity, and construct validity assess the degree to which we can assure we can
measure what wee intend to measure.
People in the organizations are the most valuable assets. Most of the
organizations spend their resources in order to extract the best from them. As
it is rightly said, “man power is considered to be the dynamic factors because
without man power, things are just unimaginable to be done.”
JOB SATISFACTION SURVEY
Here, since the survey is concentrated on the middle management, its referred
to as Executive Satisfaction Survey. The development of customized surveys
help to assess the executive’s population’s attitudes and perceptions. This
feedback helps us to determine the organizational strengths and areas of
development for ongoing growth and profitability.
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The information gathered from the Executive Satisfaction Surveys can give
the Management at large, knowledge that directly impacts the bottom line
employees which therefore triggers pressures in the managerial levels.
These are some of the ways and means in which positive executive relations
are fostered:-
1. Identifying cost-saving opportunities
2. Curbing absenteeism
3. Strengthening supervision
4. Assessing training needs
5. Streamlining communication
6. Benchmarking the organization’s progress in relation to the industry
TEN REASONS FOR CONDUCTING AN EXECUTIVE
SATISFACTION SURVEY
1. It produces useful quantifiable information about issues of concern. It reveals where the
actions should be taken to generate immediate positive results.
2. It identifies areas where the organization is doing well. It identifies and ensures where
the organization is doing well in terms of its executive’s performance satisfaction.
It identifies the strengths one can build on, and offers opportunity for giving praise where
deserved.
3. It reinforces the organizational values.
4. It improves communication and trust.
5. It can promote greater commitment and reduce turnover.
6. An organization can use it to build better leaders.
7. It enables to measure change over time.
8. An organization can use it to float proposed corporate changes.
9. It offers a reality check.
10. It aims at improving the productivity.
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THE EXECUTIVE SATISFACTION PROCESS
Determining the need to survey
Setting the survey to the management
Selecting the methodology
When to require questioning
Proofing and testing
Marketing and survey
Inviting the officials
Obtain high response rates
Selecting the norms to use
Interpreting the results
Action on the results
WHY MEASURE EXECUTIVE SATISFACTION?
Many organizations conduct executive satisfaction surveys. They are based on the premise
that happy, enthusiastic officials will perform more effectively. If the areas are found where
the they are not satisfied, initiatives can be taken to address the areas of dissatisfaction.
This should provide benefits in the areas of:-
Retention
Identifying reasons for unauthorized absence
Executive performance level
Product service quality
Customer satisfaction
Market share
Profit
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So, an effort to improve the executive satisfaction should lead to an improvement in the
quality of the products or services, due to timely decisions taken, leadership ability, a
competitive advantage, increased market share and improved profits.
By conducting the survey, one can send a message to the executives that their views are of
interest to the management. This can effect their perceptions to a large degree and its most
important to remember that it creates expectations. Executives might conclude that the top
management would not ask about working conditions, if they were not willing to consider
to improving them. If the survey shows dissatisfaction about the working conditions,
however and you do nothing about them, and after a year has gone by, another survey
comes out asking about working conditions, the executive’s perception of an attitudes
towards them and the survey process will dramatically change. Typically, the response rate
will diminish and the cynicism of the response will increase.
This incidental effect of running the survey must not be overlooked but it is not the main
purpose of the survey, whose role is as a diagnostic tool, not part of the treatment.
If the company’s objective is to improve employee performance, we can help them to
measure and then target for improvement in the satisfaction measures, which do seem to be
related to the performance.
Measuring executive satisfaction
Executive satisfaction drives employee satisfaction and thus, customer satisfaction,
indirectly creating profit for an organization. Research on the service-profit chain shows
that satisfied executives are far better than unsatisfied ones at delivering excellent customer
service and hence enhancing customer satisfaction with the organization’s
products/services.
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ADMINSTRATION OF EXECUTIVE SATISFACTION SURVEY
Executive Satisfaction Survey is now easy to administer. With the Custom Insight Survey
Administrator, one can create online survey that executives in an organization can
complete. Employees will appreciate the convenience, case of use and the anonymity that
custom insight surveys provide. Once executives respond to executive’s survey, the
management can generate the full color reports that will highlight the strong and the weak
areas within the organization
Examples of executive assessments delivered with custom insight survey administrator.
1. Executive Satisfaction Survey
2. Executive Attitude Survey
3. Executive Performance Survey
4. Organizational Culture and Effectiveness Survey
5. Group Feedback and Team Building Surveys
6. 360-Degree Ratings
DIMENSIONS OF EXECUTIVE SATISFACTION SURVEY
Each item in an executive satisfaction survey is combined with other related survey
systems to produce dimensions. HR solutions survey solidly measures the following key
aspects of employee satisfaction.
Overall job satisfaction
Satisfaction with work
Co – workers performance and their co-operation
Pay satisfaction
Promotions
Supervisory considerations
Communication
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Personnel policies
Concern for colleagues
Productivity/efficiency
Training and Development
Physical working conditions
Customer service
Strategy/mission
Job stress
HR solutions also give the choice to create own customized service dimensions, which
accurately measure topics of particular importance to the organization.
Organization and individual should develop and progress simultaneously for their survival
and attainment of mutual goals. So, every modern management has to develop the
organization through Human Resource Development.
SATISFACTION SURVEYS
Satisfied customers and employees ensure the business success. Knowing customer and
employee needs and achieving satisfaction are the basis for successful business activities.
The employees and customers’ feedback are the most important source of information for
improving products and services. Satisfied and convinced customers and employees ensure
the company’s success in the long term. Customer surveys and employee surveys provide
the company with this feedback:
Motivate employees with higher levels of productivity
Inspire employee trust, respect and loyalty
Manage differences, including but not limited to gender, age, ethnicity, education,
personality, experience and values
Hone presentation skills to influence and persuade
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Manage conflicts constructively
Help people think in new and innovative ways
Manage performance, using the most current , updated tools and systems
Develop win-win agreements with internal and external customers
1.1 INTRODUCTION OF THE RESEARCH TOPIC:
“ A Study on Job Satisfaction in the Software Industry with special focus to the Middle
Management Group” was carried out by me in Bangalore during the period of the
dissertation.
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH TOPIC
When we conduct the research to ascertain how the executives feel about any organization
and their situation in it, we call it an “EXECUTIVE SATISFACTION SURVEY”
Every organization would probably agree that executives are most likely to be successful in
delivering customer satisfaction if they are themselves satisfied with their work and the
environment in which they work in. So, organizations take as much interest in executive
satisfaction as it will do in customer satisfaction and therefore term the survey as
“EXECUTIVE SATISFATION SURVEY”
Executive satisfaction survey allows an organization to understand executive perceptions.
Perceptions are reality. As employees at any organization act on the basis on their
perceptions, management must be keenly aware of the executives’ view.
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RESEARCH DESIGN
2.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
To study the job satisfaction of the middle management, working in the Software Industry.
Its imperative to understand the satisfaction of the executives because nowadays there is
increasing rate of attrition. Therefore, companies are doing their best to retain the best
talent pool within the organization.
2.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY
In these days, the job satisfaction of the employees is having a vital role in each and every
business sector because of its HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. This study is very
helpful to know the management of human resources in practical concerns. This study will
help the top management to understand the mindset of the executives and make necessary
changes for a satisfied workforce to enhance productivity and efficiency.
2.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study has the following objectives:
a. To identify the criteria for job satisfaction in an organization
b. To evaluate the employee’s job satisfaction level on the basis of the criteria identified
c. To study the level of responsibility of the middle management officials
2.4 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The purpose of review of literature is analyzing the job satisfaction of the
middle management officials. It also assists in knowing the various attributes
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which influences their behavior. It helped in finding the perceptions, and
precise and elaborate information required for the study.
Some others who have made a study in this regard are:-
1. Hippock (1935): in his monograph ‘Job Satisfaction’
He proposed the following six major components of job satisfaction:-
- Individual’s reaction to unpleasant situations
- Facility of adjusting with other individuals
- Standing in the socio-economic group with which he has been
identified
- Relationship between demands of job and employee’s abilities,
interests and training
- Security
- Loyalty
2. Evans and Laseau (1950): Made a study on employee attitudes
Dissatisfaction arising from off-the-job factors frequently reacts to job
conditions and also that low job adjustment co-exists with low social and
personnel adjustment
3. Shaik (1994): Conducted and enquiry in to the relationship between
attitudes of management and job satisfaction
4. Srivatsava (1992): Conducted a study to evaluate the relationship between
job satisfaction and need satisfaction. Indicated that overall job satisfaction
was negatively correlated with the basic needs. The other four needs showed
no significant relationship with overall job satisfaction
BENEFITS OF REVIEW OF LITERATURE
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The study undertaken here is to determine the job satisfaction of the middle
management officials in the software industry. It is very essential to understand the
industry at large before venturing into studying the specifics of it. Review of literature
helps in understanding the industry and the topic in great detail. It further helped in the
documentation and thereby the successful completion of the study.
2.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
According to Clifford Woody research comprises of “defining, redefining problem,
formulating hypothesis or suggested solution, collecting, organizing and evaluating data,
making deductions and reading conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating
hypothesis”.
It is a way to systematic solution of the research problem. The encyclopedia of
social science defines research as the manipulation of generalizing to expand, correct or
verify knowledge. The researcher needs to understand the assumption underlying various
techniques and procedures that will be applicable to certain problem. This means that it is
necessary for the researcher to design its methodology.
There are various factors such as the personal factors as well as the organizational
factors that motivate a person to join this industry. Thus the questionnaire will be directed
towards the respondents to understand the factors and the preferences by the use of rating
scales.
The primary focus of the study was to measure the employee satisfaction and their
perception on their work, relations, career growth etc within the organization that leads to
their disengagement in their duties and responsibilities that trigger them to find for the best
suitable work place. These lead to attrition of employees in the organization. This will also
help in knowing the perception of the employees, towards their benefits given by the
company. The research design employed for the purpose of the study was directive in
nature and a simple survey was conducted for the purpose of generation.
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SAMPLING
All items under study in any field of survey is known as a universe or population. A
complete enumeration of all items in the population is census enquiry, which is not
practically possible. Thus sample design is done which basically refers to the definition
plan defined by any data collection for obtaining a sample from a given population.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
The sampling technique used in this study is purposive in nature as we are concentrating on
the factors that made employees to quit the firm due to various reasons and is trying to
draw a conclusion that compensation is the main factor.
This study is not based on any concept or the personal opinion of any individual. It is
recorded in the real environment with the actual employees to find out exactly the factors.
Thus the research is descriptive in nature.
Simple random sampling is the method adopted here, thus each unit has an equal chance of
being selected.
Sample size:
The sample size of 100 taken to analyze the above stated objectives.
Sample type:
The sample consists of Managers at different streams (HR Manager, Teamwork Manager,
Marketing Manager etc.
Sample design:
Sample design or sample procedure refers to a definite plan followed for the collection of
sample from as given population. The process followed was, firstly a questionnaire being
prepare with the objective in the mind. The respondent who includes the various
managerial cadre from the IT industry, Bangalore was determined. The second step
includes selection of sample and the questionnaire was administered.
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HYPOTHESIS:
Ho: There is no job satisfaction for the middle management officials in the Software
Industry
H1: There is job satisfaction for the middle management officials in the Software
Industry
Data collection:
The study was carried out by survey of the officials based on the needs and wants of
them in the organization with given roles and responsibilities.
Primary data being collected afresh from the executives with the help of
questionnaire.
Secondary data are used such as books, survey reports, internet etc.
2.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:
Only a percentage of total executives could be interviewed but the analysis is
generalized.
The findings and conclusion drawn out of the study will reflect only existing trends
in the organization.
The accuracy and authenticity of the observation made and conclusions drawn
largely depend upon the corresponding accuracy and authenticity of the information
supplied by the concerned organization authorities and employees.
Study is conducted only in Bangalore.
2.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The main focus of this study is to assess executive satisfaction for which the survey broadly
includes questions on work environment, compensation, employee cooperation etc. this
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study helps to understand the existing needs of the employees of Software firms. The scope
of the study is limited to officials in Bangalore working in the Software Industry.
3.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE
Table 1:A recent survey shows the top 50 industries which have the highest employment:-
INDUSTRYNo. employed
1 Full-service restaurants 4,226,400
2 General medical and surgical hospitals, private 4,050,900
3 Limited-service eating places 3,726,700
4 Employment services 3,470,300
5 Grocery stores 2,447,000
6 Offices of physicians 2,053,900
7 Depository credit intermediation 1,761,200
8 Management of companies and enterprises 1,718,000
9 Religious organizations 1,697,700
10 Department stores 1,612,500
11 Nursing care facilities 1,575,300
12 Hotels (except casino), motels, and all other traveler accommodation 1,469,400
13 Colleges, universities, and professional schools, private 1,377,500
14 Automobile dealers 1,254,200
15 Other general merchandise stores 1,231,000
16 Legal services 1,161,800
17 Computer systems design and related services 1,147,400
18 Building material and supplies dealers 1,081,200
19 Clothing stores 1,008,300
20 Janitorial and all other services to buildings and dwellings 998,600