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Impact Investing viaEfficient Design and Use of ESG Indices
Julia Kochetygova
Senior Director
S&P Indices
September 15, 2011
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Agenda
• Role of the ESG Indices in impact investing
• ESG Indices space and variety
• Index philosophy and selection of parameters
• Relevance versus reliability (S&P Approach)
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Why ESG Indices?
• ESG index investing is a viable option for “active passive” investors who want to make an impact– They can generate enhanced financial returns – Simultaneously promote corporate citizenship– It is a relatively simple, cost-effective and objective tool– Moreover, as market participants incorporate the ESG
information, the impact on returns will increase going forward
– The indices also provide investors with a powerful engagement platform
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Rapid Expansion of ESG Indices Globally
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1 Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV) Sustainability Index launched in 2010, but as of August 2011 is not published
Launches of emerging markets sustainability indices1
(Total number = 19**)
Source: Esty Environmental Partners’ Research
**See full list in the Appendix
• 26 Global ESG Index families
• 8 regional ESG Index families
• 35+ country-specific ESG indices*
• 26 Global ESG Index families
• 8 regional ESG Index families
• 35+ country-specific ESG indices*
*See some examples in the Appendix
Investments into ESG Indices are rapidly growing, but still small: less than $40 billion, or 0.5% of the estimated AUMs of passively managed funds
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Sustainability Index Market Challenges: the “Leaky Pipe”
Potential
Investor
Value
1 2 3 4
Investor Sustainability
Framework and Metrics
Data Sourcing Data Analysis
Investor Intent & Index Communication
Investor Value
Index providers
ESG data providers Companies Investors
Market Challenges
While Sustainability Indices have the potential to deliver value to investors, market challenges along the value chain can cause value to leak out
Sustainability Indices Value Chain
Source: Esty Environmental Partners’ Research, S&P Indices
ESG Indices Philosophies & Technologies
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Ethical
Environmental
Composite ESG
Var
ious
Per
spec
tives
Negative screenin
g
Tilting based on analytical criteria
Various ApproachesVarious Approaches
Selecting
sectoral Best-in-Class
Incorporating factor analysis or not
Investors need to carefully differentiate between philosophies of various ESG indices in order to choose the one capturing tangible
factors that really lead to sustainable performance!
Normalizing within industries or not
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ESG Parameters’ Dilemma: Relevance vs. Reliability
Type of Parameter
Relevance Reliability Measurability
Performance High Low Low/Moderate
Policies Moderate Moderate Moderate
Disclosure Low/Moderate High High
Environment
Social Responsibility Governance
ESG Parameters measure the companies’ performance in the areas of:
ESG ScoreESG ScoreWeights
Weights
Weights
What Relevance of Parameters Means
Capturing ability to mitigate risks Unveiling growth potential
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Exposure
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Relevance: S&P ESG India Historical Performance
Historical Performance (Dec 2004 - May 2011)
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100
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450
Dec-04 Dec-05 Dec-06 Dec-07 Dec-08 Dec-09 Dec-10
S&P CNX Nifty S&P ESG India
“Source: S&P Indices and India Index Services & Products. Data as of May 31, 2011. Charts are provided for illustrative purposes only. This chart may reflect hypothetical historical performance. Please see the Performance Disclosure at the end of this document for more information regarding the inherent limitations associated with back-tested performance.
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“Source: S&P Indices and India Index Services & Products. Data as of May 31, 2011. Charts are provided for illustrative purposes only. This chart may reflect hypothetical historical performance. Please see the Performance Disclosure at the end of this document for more information regarding the inherent limitations associated with back-tested performance.
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R2 = 0.18
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20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%T&D Score
P/B
Rat
io
Source: Standard & Poor’s Transparency & Disclosure Study of Russian Companies, 2009
Transparency & Disclosure (T&D) of ESG parameters measure the level of awareness which markets and companies possess on important issues. Information for analysis is obtained from public sources such as annual reports and other disclosures
R2 - Determination Coefficient
Examples of Parameters: Environment
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Parameter Type of Parameter
Relevance
Reliability
Measurability
Amount of waste produced, in relation to revenue
Performance 3 1-2 2
Amount of environment-related R&D expenses per year
Performance 3 1 2
Voluntary reduction requirements for gas emissions and waste disposal
Policies 2 2 2
Disclosure of absolute and relative numbers of GHG emissions and other pollutions
Disclosure 1 3 3
3 = High; 2 = Moderate; 1 – LowThe methodology is the property of S&P Indices, Standard & Poor’s and will be published along with the launch of the S&P ESG Global BMI Index series
Examples of Parameters: Social
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Parameter Type of Parameter
Relevance
Reliability
Measurability
Whether the company's activities generate positive externalities for the community
Performance 3 1-2 2
Rates of injury, occupational diseases and other work-related fatalities
Performance 3 1 2
Procedures in place to receive, record and address stakeholder demands
Policies 2 2 2
Disclosure of rates of accidents and professional diseases
Disclosure 1 3 3
3 = High; 2 = Moderate; 1 – LowThe methodology is the property of S&P Indices, Standard & Poor’s and will be published along with the launch of the S&P ESG Global BMI Index series
Examples of Parameters: Governance
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Parameter Type of Parameter
Relevance
Reliability
Measurability
Percent of non-executive and non-affiliated directors
Performance 3 2 3
Existence of large shareholders’ related business interests
Performance 3 1 2
Whether internal audit department reports to the audit committee of the board
Policies 3 2 3
Disclosure of management remuneration policy and levels
Disclosure 1 3 3
3 = High; 2 = Moderate; 1 – LowThe methodology is the property of S&P Indices, Standard & Poor’s and will be published along with the launch of the S&P ESG Global BMI Index series
Summary: Index Setup for Impact Investing
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Index philosophy
/Scoring guidelines
Eligibility / weighting
criteria
Back-testing to
prove Alpha
Communi-cation to investors
ETFs / Mutual funds launch
Engagement with
companies
Impact
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Performance Disclosure
• The inception date of the S&P ESG India Index was January 31 2008 , at the market close. All information presented prior to the index inception date is back-tested. The back-test calculations are based on the same methodology that was in effect when the index was officially launched. Complete index methodology details are available at www.indices.standardandpoors.com.
• The inception date of the S&P ESG Pan Arab Index was February 1 2011, at the market close. All information presented prior to the index inception date is back-tested. The back-test calculations are based on the same methodology that was in effect when the index was officially launched. Complete index methodology details are available at www.indices.standardandpoors.com.
• Past performance is not an indication of future results. Prospective application of the methodology used to construct the S&P ESG India Index, S&P ESG Egypt Index and S&P ESG Pan-Arab Index may not result in performance commensurate with the back-test returns shown. The back-test period does not necessarily correspond to the entire available history of the index. Please refer to the methodology paper for the index, available at www.standardandpoors.com for more details about the indices, including the manner in which they are rebalanced, the timing of such rebalancing, criteria for additions and deletions, as well as all index calculations. It is not possible to invest directly in an Index.
• Also, another limitation of hypothetical information is that generally the index is prepared with the benefit of hindsight. Back-tested data reflect the application of the index methodology and selection of index constituents in hindsight. No hypothetical record can completely account for the impact of financial risk in actual trading. For example, there are numerous factors related to the equities (or fixed income, or commodities) markets in general which cannot be, and have not been accounted for in the preparation of the index information set forth, all of which can affect actual performance.
• The index returns shown do not represent the results of actual trading of investor assets. Standard & Poor’s maintains the indices and calculates the index levels and performance shown or discussed, but does not manage actual assets. Index returns do not reflect payment of any sales charges or fees an investor would pay to purchase the securities they represent. The imposition of theses fees and charges would cause actual and back-tested performance to be lower than the performance shown. In a simple example, if an index returned 10% on a US $100,000 investment for a 12-month period (or US$ 10,000) and an actual asset-based fee of 1.5% were imposed at the end of the period on the investment plus accrued interest (or US$ 1,650), the net return would be 8.35% (or US$ 8,350) for the year. Over 3 years, an annual 1.5% fee taken at year end with an assumed 10% return per year would result in a cumulative gross return of 33.10%, a total fee of US$ 5,375, and a cumulative net return of 27.2% (or US$ 27,200).
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Analytic services and products by Standard & Poor’s are the result of separate activities designed to preserve the independence and objectivity of each analytic process. Standard & Poor’s has established policies and procedures to maintain the confidentiality of non-public information received during each analytic process.
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