JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 1 Spiral II, 2019-2020 MODULE TITLE Infectious Diseases INTRODUCTION Pakistan is facing a double burden of disease (BoD), with endemicity of hepatitis B and C with 7.6% affected individuals; the 5th highest tuberculosis burden in the world, and focal geographical area of malaria endemicity. The overall HIV prevalence of 21.0%, although 77.0% of those who inject drugs are using sterile injecting equipment. In addition, the country has high rates of unscreened blood transfusions. Drug-resistant tuberculosis is estimated at 4.3% among new cases and 19.0% among previously treated cases. Vaccine preventable diseases and new emerging infections call for strengthening disease surveillance and response system. High government commitment and partners’ engagement resulted in a dramatic drop in the number of polio cases to only 08 cases reported from 7 districts in 2017, as compared to 20 cases from 14 districts in the preceding year. In young children, diarrhoea and respiratory illness remain as the majorkillers. RATIONALE Considering the prevalence of infections in Pakistan, it becomes imperative that infectious diseases get a special slot in the curriculum. It is kept strategically at the start of 3rd year MBBS so that students are able to understand key issues early in the clinical years. This module is intended to help students become aware of the etiology, risk factors and preventive measures related to infections. Also, it is aimed that the learners’ ability to deal with patients in the wards will improve once their core knowledge is sound. TARGET STUDENTS 3 rd Year MBBS, DURATION 06 weeks
19
Embed
JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITYjsmu.edu.pk/assets/docs/StudyGuide/smc2019/20191205... · 2020-02-10 · JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 1 Spiral II, 2019-2020 MODULE TITLE Infectious
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
1
Spiral II, 2019-2020 MODULE TITLE Infectious Diseases
INTRODUCTION
Pakistan is facing a double burden of disease (BoD), with endemicity of hepatitis B and
C with 7.6% affected individuals; the 5th highest tuberculosis burden in the world, and
focal geographical area of malaria endemicity. The overall HIV prevalence of 21.0%,
although 77.0% of those who inject drugs are using sterile injecting equipment. In
addition, the country has high rates of unscreened blood transfusions. Drug-resistant
tuberculosis is estimated at 4.3% among new cases and 19.0% among previously
treated cases. Vaccine preventable diseases and new emerging infections call for
strengthening disease surveillance and response system. High government
commitment and partners’ engagement resulted in a dramatic drop in the number of
polio cases to only 08 cases reported from 7 districts in 2017, as compared to 20 cases
from 14 districts in the preceding year. In young children, diarrhoea and respiratory
illness remain as the majorkillers.
RATIONALE
Considering the prevalence of infections in Pakistan, it becomes imperative that
infectious diseases get a special slot in the curriculum. It is kept strategically at the start
of 3rd year MBBS so that students are able to understand key issues early in the clinical
years. This module is intended to help students become aware of the etiology, risk
factors and preventive measures related to infections. Also, it is aimed that the learners’
ability to deal with patients in the wards will improve once their core knowledge is
sound.
TARGET STUDENTS 3rd Year MBBS, DURATION 06 weeks
JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
2
MODULE OUTCOMES
By the end of the six-week module, all the students of 3rd year MBBS will be able to:
relate the etiology and pathogenesis of common adult andpaediatric
infectious conditions with their clinical manifestations and principles of
management (includingtherapeutics)
relate diagnosis of infectious conditions with the burden of diseasewithin
and outside Pakistan
describe legal issues and general toxicology in Forensic Medicine &
Toxicology
DEPARTMENTS
Community Medicine
Forensic Medicine& Toxicology
Peadiatrics
Pathology
Pharmacology
Internal Medicine
OBJECTIVES By the end of the module, all the 3rd year MBBS students will be able to:
JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
3
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Introduction & Definition of communicable and infectious diseases. • Define the following terms: infection, infestation, infection agent, control,
elimination and eradication, agent, host andenvironment • Discuss the role of incubation period, serial time period in control ofinfection • Describe the epidemiologictriangle
Control of infection and communicable diseases.
• Differentiate between infectious and communicablediseases • Differentiate between the disinfection andsterilization • Describe control measures for infectious & communicablediseases • Explain the role of immunprophylaxis& screening in the control ofinfection
Measles And its prevention. • Describe the etiology, epidemiology,control and prevention ofmeasles • Describe the clinical features, assessment and diagnosis ofmeasles • Discuss the role of immunization in prevention ofmeasles
JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
4
Pertussis and its prevention • Describe the etiology, epidemiology,control and prevention ofPertussis • Describe the clinical features, assessment and diagnostic criteria ofPertussis • Discuss the process of control and prevention ofPertussis
Scabies and its prevention
• Describe the etiology, epidemiology,control and prevention ofScabies • Describe the clinical features, assessment and diagnostic criteria ofScabies • Discuss the process of control and prevention ofScabies
Acute Diarrheal disease and its prevention.
• Describe the etiology, epidemiology,control and prevention of Acute Diarrheal diseases
• Describe the clinical features, assessment and diagnostic criteria of Acute Diarrheal diseases
• Discuss the process of control and prevention of Acute Diarrhealdiseases
Cholera and its prevention • Describe the etiology, epidemiology, risk factors, control and prevention ofCholera • Describe the clinical features &diagnostic criteria ofCholera • Discuss the process of control and prevention ofCholera
JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
5
Worm infestations and their prevention • Describe the epidemiology, risk factors, control and prevention of worminfestations • Describe the clinical features &diagnostic criteria of worminfestations • Discuss the process of control and prevention of worminfestations
Zoonotic diseases and their prevention • List Different Zoonoticdiseases • Describe the etiology, epidemiology, risk factors, control and prevention of Zoonotic
diseases • Describe the clinical features & diagnostic criteria of worminfestations • Discuss the process of control and prevention of worminfestations
Leishmaniasis and its prevention. • Describe the etiology, epidemiology, risk factors, control and prevention of
Leishmaniasis • Describe the clinical features & diagnostic criteria ofLeishmaniasis • Discuss the process of control and prevention ofLeishmaniasis
Emerging and re-emerging diseases and their prevention.
• List different emergingdiseases • Describe the etiology, epidemiology, risk factors, control and preventionof
Emerging And re-emergingdisease
JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
6
FORENSIC MEDICINE&
TOXICOLOGY
Introductory class
Define Forensic Medicine and Toxicology and its variousbranches
Discuss the importance and utility of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology andits
various branches, its role in crime detection and other medical, legal and
ethical issues in civilizedsociety.
Describe the basics of Legal system inPakistan
Discuss the types of Courts in Pakistan and theirpowers
JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
7
Legal Procedures - I
Define important legal terms such as Summons, warrant, perjury, deposition,
exhibit, offence, cognizable offence, non cognizable offence, oath, conduct
money, summons case, warrant case, bail,FIR,
Describe Medical evidence, types of evidence (oral, documentary,hearsay,
circumstantial)
Discuss the Documents prepared by a medical man(Post mortem Reports,
Medico Legal Reports, Certificates such as birth certificates, deathcertificates,
sickness certificates, certificates of unsoundness ofmind)
Differentiate between dying declaration and dyingdeposition
Legal Procedures – II
Define the types of witnesses, types of examination in thecourt
Discuss the recording of evidence and procedure of court attendance with
special emphasis on the guidelines for doctor in the witnessbox
Describe Professional secrecy and Privilegedcommunication
Legal Procedures – III
Describe the Criminal Justice system inPakistan,
Describe Pakistan Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code and its executionand
delivery
List the general presumptions and exemptions oflaw
General Toxicology
DescribeToxicology
JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
8
Classify poisons according to chiefsymptoms
Discuss the medico legal classification and International toxicity rating ofpoisons
NOTE: Rest of General Toxicology will be taught in tutorials
Laws in relation to medical man – I
Discuss medical ethics and itssignificance
Describe Hippocratic Oath and principles ofBioethics
Discuss the duties of doctor as advised by international code of medicalethics
Describe the composition, functions of Pakistan Medical & Dental Councilat
present and its role in medicaleducation
Laws in relation to medical man – II
By the end of the lecture the candidate should be able to discuss:
Privileges & obligations of registered medicalpractitioners
Professional misconduct (Infamous conduct) andconsent
Types of consent and the role of consent in MedicalExamination
Criteria for giving validconsent
Doctrine of informed consent (Rule of fulldisclosure)
Certain legal deviations/exemptions ofconsent
Laws in relation to medical man-III
By the end of the lecture the candidate should be able to describe:
Professionalnegligence
Types ofnegligence
Res- Ipsa-Loquotar
NovusActusInterveniens
JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
9
VicariousLiability
Laws relation to medical men – IV
List 5 D’S for plaintiff’ssuccess
Define Euthanasia and itstypes
Discuss Compensation For Medical Negligence
Describe the defenses for defendant doctor and defenses for reducing
damages
Describe Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act2010
Discuss Ethical issues related toeuthanasia
FORENSIC MEDICINE
DEMONSTRATIONS
General Toxicology I:
By the end of the tutorial the candidate should be able to:
Definepoison.
Differentiate between poison andmedicine
Describe the routes of administration and excretion ofpoisons
List the Factors modifying action ofpoisons.
General Toxicology II:
By the end of the tutorial the candidate should be able to discuss the methods of
diagnosing poisoning in living & dead
General Toxicology III:
By the end of the tutorial the candidate should be able to discuss:
The duties of a doctor in a case of suspectedpoisoning
General principles of treatment ofpoisoning
JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
10
Gastric lavage
Antidotetherapy
General Toxicology IV:
By the end of the tutorial the candidate should be able to describe the role of
Poisoning Information Centre in treatment of cases of poisoning
INTERNAL MEDICINE
Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO)
Define Pyrexia of UnknownOrigin
Discuss the criteria ofPUO
List the investigations related toPUO
Develop an outline of management plan forPUO
Malaria
DefineMalaria
Classify itstype
Discuss the clinical features & complications of Malaria
List the investigations related to malaria
Develop an outline of management plan formalaria
Enteric fever
• Define Enteric fever
• Discuss the clinical features & complications of Entericfever
• List the investigations related to Enteric fever
• Develop an outline of management plan for Entericfever
Viral hemorrhagic fever
• Define Dengue, Lasa and Congofever
• Discuss the clinical features & complications of Dengue, Lasa and Congofever
• List the investigations related to Dengue, Lasa and Congofever
JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
11
• Develop an outline of management plan for Dengue, Lasa and Congofever
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Define Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)
• Discuss the clinical features & complications of HIV
• List the investigations related to HIV
• Develop an outline of management plan forHIV
Acute Diarrhea
• DefineDiarrhea
• Classify its type
• List the investigations related toDiarrhea
• Discuss the complications ofDiarrhea
• Develop an outline of management plan for Diarrhea according toIMNCI
Fungal Infections
Define clinically important fungalinfections
Classify its type
Discuss itssyndromes
Discuss the clinical features of fungalinfections
List the investigations related fungal infections and theircomplications
Develop an outline of management plan for theseconditions
Nematodes
• Definenematodes
• ClassifyNematodes
• Discuss the clinical features & complications ofnematodes
• List the investigations related nematodes
• Develop an outline of managementplan
JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
12
Trematodes
• DefineTrematodes
• ClassifyTrematodes
• Discuss the clinical features & complications due toTrematodes
• List the investigations related Trematodes
• Develop an outline of managementplan
Cestodes
• DefineCestodes
• ClassifyCestodes
• Discuss the clinical features & complications ofTrematodes