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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
\io-Icohoek @ir`bsks Icoaofk lbh ̂ pkrkt ‑^bakhf ̂ btkhfk―
lbabe Ebsybrbcbt ̂ ue`bwb
Oaim 7
Abmeullkh Wumrk
B@^\PBC
Ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb ybhf ebyorktbs pitbhk-pitirhbc eihfcohsipskcbh
cisigbmtirbbh lbabe tkfb lkeihsk, ybchk lkeihsk cisigbmtirbbh icohoek lbh cilbebkbh
(sihbp sieu), cisigbmtirbbh soskba (rkbe rieo) lbh cisigbmtirbbh sprktuba (Eurb irb).
Ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb lihfbh cibrkjbh aocbahyb eiebhlbhf tirhbc (sbpk, cir`bu, culb,
cbe`khf) lbh babe (sbwbm, ablbhf, ci`uh sirtb tbhbm lbh tiepbt eihfie`bab tirhbc) si`bfbk `bfkbh ybhf tklbc tirpksbm lbabe cimklupbh eiricb, cbrihb sinbrb trblkskohba
icskstihsk lbh pirblb`bh ^ue`bwb lk`bfuh lbrk pirblb`bh bfrbrks, ybktu pitbhk-
pitirhbc, simkhffb ci`irblbbh babe (icoaofk) eihgblk sbhfbt pihtkhf `bfk ebsybrbcbt
^ue`bwb uhtuc siabau lkgbfb ciaistbrkbhbhyb. @ifktu gufb uhtuc eihgbfb icskstihsk lbh
cimbreohksbh ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb, hkabk lbh spkrkt sbakhf sbtkhfk (sbakhf
eihfmorebtk) si`bfbk spkrkt pieirsbtu, mba khk lbtbhf lihfbh cikcmabsbh (lbabe
hurbhk) btbs sisbeb ebhusbk si`bfbk ebmauc nkptbbh Baabm ^V\, pihfmorebtbh khk
tklbc lklbsbrk oaim stbtus pihlklkcbh, pbhfcbt, gb`btbh btbupuh icohoek sisiorbhf.
Hkabk ‑^bakhf ^btkhfk― ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb sbhfbt pihtkhf lbh lk`utumcbh lbabe
sitkbp mba tirutbeb lbabe eihgbwb` pirebsbabmbh soskba lbh bctkvktbs simbrk-mbrk
ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb. Tihuaks eiakmbt lbabe icohoek ciaie`bfbbh ebsybrbcbt
^ue`bwb gufb sbhfbt cihtba lihfbh hkabk-hkabk citbumklbh. Brtkhyb blb tbhffuhf gbwb`
ebhuskb (ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb) cipblb \umbh tircbkt lihfbh nbrb pihfiaoabbh babe.
Kstkabm \io-Icohoek ai`km tipbt uhtuc eihffbe`brcbh lbh eihlijkhkskcbh bctkvktbs
icohoek ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb ybhf siabau eihfmbrbp rklmo Baabm ^V\, sicbakfus gufb
eirbsb siabau lkbwbsk oaim Baabm ^V\ siabcu pihfubsb tuhffba sieistb babe. Tbhlubh
hkabk-hkabk Citumbhbh lihfbh icohoek, eie`irkcbh abhlbsbh eorba lbh jkaosojks `bfk
cimklupbh icohoek ebsybrbcbt ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb.
Cbtb Cuhnk 7 \io-icohoek, Icoaofk, ‑^bakhf ̂ btkhfk―.
K. TIHLBMYAYBH
@ulbyb ^ue`bwb ybhf ebgieuc simkhffb tirnkptb rbsb ifbaktirkbh/pirsbebbh
bhtbr bhffotb ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb. @irlbsbrcbh abtbr `iabcbhf sigbrbm ybhf paurba lk
ebsb abau, ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb lbpbt lkcbtbcbh `bmwb bpbpuh abtbr `iabcbhf bsba usua
pihluluc ^ue`bwb, sinbrb ribaktbs `bmwb ithks ^ue`bwb tiabm tue`um lbh
`ircie`bhf si`bfbk sbtu cisbtubh ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb ybhf eiekakck cisbebbh
sigbrbm, `ulbyb lbh blbt kstkblbt ybhf mbrus tirus lkpiakmbrb lbh lkcie`bhfcbh,
simkhffb titbp icsks lbh eihybtu lbabe gkwb lbh `ulbyb ‑\bu ^bebwb―, uhtuc
siabhguthyb tiabm eihgblk ‑blbt rbpbhf tbhb ^bebwb―. Bck`bt pihfbrum pirnbepurbh
bsba usua tirsi`ut, tbepbc lbabe wbtbc lbh skcbp eihtba ‑\bu ^bebwb― ybhf eihohgoa,
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
eksbahyb 7 skcbp lieocrbtks, coeproeks, ifbaktir, toairbhsk/soaklir, rihlbm mbtk,
eihfmbrfbk pihlbtbhf, lbh cblbhfcbab pie`bhfcbhf.2
Cirbhfcb hkabk lbh horeb pblb bcmkrhyb eihgblk rbe`u `bfk ebhuskb si`bfbkkhlkvklu lbh ebsybrbcbt si`bfbk coeuhktbs lbabe `irkhtbcsk si`bfbk prosis
pieihumbh ci`utumbhhyb, lbrk cisieub prosis ktu fuhb eihnbpbk cisigbmtirbbh lbh
ci`bmbfkbh mklup, ybhf ebskhf-ebskhf pirblb`bh lbh ci`ulbybbh ybhf lk`bhfuh
lbrk khtrbcsk lbabe coeuhktbs ebsybrbcbt7 `bkc `irupb khtrbcsk ebhuskb (orbhf)
lbhfbh ebhuskb abkh (orbhf abkh)3 orbhf lihfbh coeuhktbs abkh3 khtrbcsk subtu
coeuhktbs lbhfbh coeuhktbs ybhf abkh3 sirtb ybhf tklbc cbabm pihtkhf blbabm
khtirbcsk ebhuskb lihfbh babe.
Toab khtirbcsk khk bcbh eiabmkrcbh hkabk lbh horeb, tirebsuc gufb ciybckhbh
(riakfk) lbabe coeuhktbs ebsybrbcbt ybhf eihgblk cohsip mklup lbh piloebh mklup
subtu coeuhktbs ebsybrbcbt. @ifktu gufb lihfbh ebsybrbcbt pitbhk-pitirhbc pblb
ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb, ybhf ebhb cohsipsk cisigbmtirbbh lbabe ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwbeiekakck tkfb lkeihsk, ybchk lkeihsk cisigbmtirbbh icohoeks lbh cilbebkbh ( sihbp
sieu), cisigbmtirbbh soskba (rkbe rieo) lbh cisigbmtirbbh sprktuba ( Eurb irb).
^ue`bwb lihfbh nori noepitihny si`bfbk lbirbm bfrk`kshks lbh pusbt
pitirhbcbh ybhf eiekakck lbyb sbkhf lk tkhfcbt rifkohba lbh hbskohba. ^itiabm lktitbpcbh
^ue`bwb si`bfbk aue`uhf tirhbc hbskohba, ebcb pirau subtu pirihnbhbbh ybhf ebtbhf
lk`klbhf pitirhbcbh, simkhffb tklbc eihke`uacbh cohjakc lihfbh sictor pie`bhfuhbh
abkhhyb, uhtuc eihlucuhf profrbe cb`upbtih pitirhbcbh, ebcb pihfbturbh/rifuabsk
tihtbhf ci`irblbbh pilbhf pihfie`babh mbrus lk akhluhfk fuhb eihgbfb hkabk `ulbyb
aocba lbh icskstihsk pitbhk-pitirhbc ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb, ybhf bcmkrhyb blbabm
eihkhfcbtcbh cisigbmtirbbh ebsybrbcbt lbh sinbrb otoebtks gufb eihkhfcbtcbh
proluctkjktbs pirtirhbcbh. Babe lbh icoaofk tirhbc eirupbcbh mb`klbt babekbm miwbh
tirhbc (tirutbeb cir`bu). Cbabu cktb eihiausurk sigbrbm tir`ihtuchyb Abr , ybhf ebhb
pblb bwbahyb Abr ktu lk `ihtuc sinbrb hbaurkbm babekbm cir`bu si`bfbk tiepbt `irtilum
lbh eihnbrk ebcbh, gblk Abr khk blbabm `ihtucbh cir`bu, cbrihb sulbm eihgblk ci`kbsbh
cir`bu sitkbp euske pihfmugbh cbwbhbh-cbwbhbh cir`bu sinbrb khstkhf eihnbrk tiepbt
`irakhluhf lbh pieihumbh ci`utumbh ebcbhbh `bfk cbwbhhyb.
@ifktu pihtkhfhyb Abr khk `bfk pirtirhbcbh `bfk cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb lbabe
eihkhfcbtcbh proluctkjktbs icohoek pirtirhbcbh, cbrihb ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb
eiebhlbhf tirhbc si`bfbk sbrbhb khvistbsk, ske`oa ebrtb`bt soskba, si`bfbk sbrbhb
khvistbsk tirhbc lkfuhbcbh uhtuc eie`kbybk ci`irbhfcbtbh mbgk, tirhbc gufb lkfuhbcbh
uhtuc eie`kbyb pihlklkcbh bhbc-bhbc pitbhk-pitirhbc pblb ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb.Ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb lihfbh cibrkjbh hkabk aocbahyb eiebhlbhf tirhbc (sbpk,
cir`bu, culb, cbe`khf) lbh babe (sbwbm, ablbhf, ci`uh sirtb tbhbm Abr ) si`bfbk `bfkbh
ybhf tklbc tirpksbm lbabe cimklupbh eiricb, cbrihb sinbrb trblkskohba icskstihsk lbh
pirblb`bh ^ue`bwb lk`bfuh lbrk pirblb`bh bfrbrks, ybktu pitbhk-pitirhbc, simkhffb
ci`irblbbh babe (tbhbm Abr ) eihgblk sbhfbt pihtkhf `bfk ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb.
@ulbyb ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb eiakmbt blb cisbtubh ybhf utum lbh `uabt bhtbrb
ebhuskb, babe lbh \umbh. Mba khk blbabm ebhkjistbsk lbrk hkabk citbumklbh ebsybrbcbt
^ue`bwb ybhf eiakmbt babe lbh tirhbc `ucbh mbhyb si`bfbk sbrbhb prolucsk `iabcb,
2 ^ybkjullkh Kscbhlbr,―Tihfie`bhfbh Hkabk @ulbyb Aocba ^i`bfbk Eolba Eie`bhfuh Gbtk Lkrk lbh Cbrbctir
@bhfsb― Gurhba Kaekbm YH^B Trofriss (T>K) ^ue`bwb @isbr , Ilksk Octo`ir 0422 7 Gkakl 24 Hoeor 29)3 ^ybkjullkhKscbhlbr, Cohakc Ithkc lbabe Ebsybrbcbt Ebgieuc , (Ebabhf7 YETPI^, 044:). Mae 2>-09
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
titbpk sbrbhb prolucsk khk gufb `bfkbh lbrk k`blbm si`bfbk cmbakjbm lk eucb `uek ybktu
lihfbh eihfiaoabm babe lbh tirhbc sinbrb `irblb`, khk `ir`ilb lihfbh pirspictkc `brbt
ybhf eiakmbt sbrbhb prolucsk lbabe cohtic icohoek `iabcb.Ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb eiakmbt sbrbhb prolucsk `ucbh mbhyb lbabe pirspictkj
icohoek sbgb titbpk gufb lbabe pirspictkj ybhf abkh ybktu lbabe pirspictkj riakfkusktbs
(citbumktbh), sirtb lbabe pirspictkj `ulbyb ybhf eiabmkrcbh khtrbcsk soskba sisbeb
eiricb fuhb eie`bhfuh pirblb`bh ybhf eiakhluhfk icskstihsk `ulbyb lbh pirblb`bh
tbu sbebwb (ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb), lbh ybhf tklbc cbabm pihtkhf blbabm lbabe
pirspictkj icoaofk ybktu eihfiaoabm babe lihfbh tklbc eirusbc juhfsk bzbak babe,
eiepirmbtkcbh lbyb lucuhf babe, eihfiaoabm babe sinbrb `irciabhgutbh, cbrihb
ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb eiakmbt babe blbabm bhufirbm sicbakfus bebhbm ybhf mbrus
lkpiakmbrb lbh lkgbfb, ktu pihybtubh ebhuskb lbh babe sue`bwb si`bfbk pbmbe icoaofk
lbh icohoek ybhf `irciabhgutbh.
KK. CBGKBH TY^\BCB
0. 2 \io-Icoeohk lbabe Ebsybrbcbt ̂ ue`bwb^inbrb tiork pihlicbtbh icohoek `bmwb tkhfcbt cisigbmtirbbh subtu lbirbm lbpbt
lkhkabk `irlbsbrcbh `ir`bfbk khlkcbtor. Lktkhgbu sinbrb ebtirkba-icohoeks, ciebgubh lbh
ciebceurbh subtu lbirbm tirnirekh lbrk tkhfcbt pihlbpbtbh lbh lkstrk`uskhyb.
\khffkhyb tkhfcbt pihlbpbtbh rbtb-rbtb ybhf lkkrkhfk lihfbh lkstrk`usk ybhf eirbtb pblb
subtu lbirbm, ebcb lbpbt lkcbtbcbh lbirbm tirsi`ut ebceur, lbh lihfbh liekckbh
lkcbtbforkcbh si`bfbk lbirbm ybhf ebgu lbh sigbmtirb. Lbirbm ybhf ebgu gufb pblb
ueuehyb blbabm lbirbm ybhf tkhfcbt cohstrk`usk sictor khlustrk lbh sictor gbsbhyb
tiabm `ircie`bhf.
Tie`bhfuhbh Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb `ucbh mbhyb uhtuc eihnbpbk cisigbmtirbbh
uhtuc ciebgubh lbh ciebhlkrkbh, titbpk gufb uhtuc eiwugulcbh ciblkabh, lbabe mba
khk blka cipblb ebhuskb lbh blka cipblb babe si`bfbk wugut \io-Icohoek,
cisike`bhfbh eirupbcbh nkrk utbeb lbabe pie`bhfuhbbh icohoek `irciabhgutbh
lbabe ebsybrbcbt sue`bwb.
Cisike`bhfbh khk mbrus tirnirekh pblb sieub bspic cimklupbh, cieulkbh
cisigbmtirbbh ebsybrbcbt gufb lkcbktcbh lihfbh tirwugulhyb cisbaimbh khlkvklu lbh
soskba lbabe cimklupbh ebsybrbcbt \bhb ^bebwb. Lihfbh liekckbh ebsybrbcbt
‑Hybebh H ybwi― eirupbcbh ebsybrbcbt ybhf ebgu lbh sigbmtirb.
Lbabe tuaksbh khk ai`km jocus pblb cbgkbh ebsybrbcbt pitbhk-pitirhbc ybhf blb
lk cb`upbtih sue`bwb, ybhf ebhb cohsipsk cisigbmtirbbh lbabe ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwbeiekakck tkfb lkeihsk, ybchk lkeihsk cisigbmtirbbh icohoeks lbh cilbebkbh ( sihbp
sieu), cisigbmtirbbh soskba (rkbe rieo) lbh cisigbmtirbbh sprktuba (eurb irb).
@irlbsbrcbh rueusbh Tusbt ^tulk Icohoek Cirbcybtbh, Yhkvirsktbs @rbwkgbyb,0
ciblkabh sicurbhf-curbhfhyb tirwugul lbabe tkfb `ihtuc7
2.
Ciblkabh lbabe mu`uhfbh icohoek bhtbr ebhuskb sinbrb orbhf-siorbhf lihfbh
sihbhtkbsb eie`irkcbh cipblb sisbebhyb bpb ybhf sieistkhyb lktirkeb si`bfbk
mbchyb. Khkabm ybhf eiabmkrcbh ciblkabh tucbr-eihucbr.
0 Tusbt ^tulk Icohoek Cirbcybtbh, Icohoek Cirbcybtbh, (Ebabhf7 Yhkvirsktbs @rbwkgbyb, 044;), mae 00
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. Ciblkabh lbabe mu`uhfbh icohoek bhtbrb ebsybrbcbt lihfbh wbrfbhyb, lihfbh
sihbhtkbsb eie`bfk sifbab cihkcebtbh lbh `i`bh sinbrb eirbtb sisubk lihfbh
skjbt lbh cbpbsktbshyb ebskhf-ebskhf. Khkabm ybhf eiabmkrcbh ‑ciblkabh
lkstrk`utkvi―.
Ciaie`bfbbh ebsybrbcbt sue`bwb ybhf tir`bhfuh lbrk hkabk sbakhf sblu (sbakhf
pirnbyb) sbtu sbeb abkh, eihgblk eolba utbeb lbabe pihfubtbh icohoek ciaie`bfbbh.
Hkabk khk lkebchbk, lkmbybtk lbh lkgblkbcbh poloebh `irsbeb lbabe cimklupbh
ebsybrbcbt, sieub khk eistk lksirtbk oaim skcbp rbskohba crktks lkabhlbsk hkabk-hkabk
spkrktuba, cikebhbh cipblb Baabm ^V\.
Hkabk-hkabk Citumbhbh khkabm ybhf eieabmkrcbh siebhfbt ciciaubrfbbh lbaberbhfcb pihfkskbh itkcb soskba lbabe cimklupbh ebsybrbcbt sue`bwb. Cbabu
Cuhtowkgoyo eihfbak hkabk citumbmbh lbrk pirpictkj soskba lbh poaktkc, ybhf eiakmbt
lkeihsk bfbeb pblb cimklupbh poaktkc, blb mu`uhfbh ske`kosks bhtbrb cohsipsk ‑lbuabt
\umbh― lbh ‑lbuabt rbcybt―, ybhf lksi`ut oaim ^brtoho Cbrtolkrlgo lbh Cuhtowkgoyo >
si`bfbk ‑tio-lieocrbsk―.
Lbabe poaktkc lbh lieocrbsk ybhf `ircitumbhbh, Eihurut Cuhtowkgoyo, \umbh
lbh ebhuskb mbrus lk`bnb lihfbh ‑sbtu― tbrkcbh hbpbs, cbrihb ktu lktuaks lihfbh
‑tiolieocrbsk―. [ulk Abtkj, Hifbrb Tbrkpurhb7 Mkstorksktbs, Pbskohbaktbs lbh Bctubaktbs Tbhnbskab, (Gbcbrtb7 Frbeilkb, 0422), mea222-22>
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
btbu kaeu tihtbhf ruebm tbhffb ebcmauc mklup:. Btbu lbpbt gufb lkcbtbcbh Icoaofk
blbabm kaeu pihfitbmubh tihtbhf mu`uhfbh bhtbrb orfbhksei lbh akhfcuhfbhhyb.6
Kaeu icoaofk pirtbeb cbak lkpirfuhbcbh siorbhf `koaofk `bhfsb Girebh Irhst Mbincit pblb tbmuh 2=:;= Tblb wbctu ktu kaeu icoaofk lkgblkcbh si`bfbk nb`bhf lbrk
kaeu `koaofk. Eihurut Mbincia, kaeu icoaofk lkbrtkcbh si`bfbk cisiaurumbh pihfitbmubh
ybhf `irmu`uhfbh lihfbh riabsk btbu cbktbh sinbrb totba bhtbrb orfbhksei lihfbh
akhfcuhfbhhyb ybhf `irskjbt orfbhkc ebupuh bhorfbhkc.;
Kaeu icoaofk lksi`ut gufb lihfbh kaeu akhfcuhfbh, ybhf eihybhfcut puab
mu`uhfbh ebhuskb lihfbh akhfcuhfbhhyb. @bkc lbabe mba ebsybrbcbt, fiofrbjk,
icohoek, kaeu pirtbhkbh, cimutbhbh, pirkcbhbh, pitirhbcbh sirtb kaeu-kaeu ybhf
euhfckh `ksb sbakhf `ircbktbh.
Lbabe tuaksbh khk khfkh eiakmbt mu`uhfbh ybhf siabrbs bhtbrb ebhuskb lbh babe,
simkhffb ebsybrbcbt sue`bwb lbpbt eihgbfb citirbturbh icoskstie lbh coepohih-
coepohih icoskstie sbtu lihfbh ybhf abkhhyb sisubk lihfbh juhfskhyb bfbr lbpbt `icirgb lihfbh `bkc, sisubk eicbhksei babe. @ir`ilbhhyb nbrb pbhlbhf pihfusbbh lbh
pihfiaoabbh tirmblbp sue`ir lbyb babe (^LB), eihyi`bcbh tirgblk icpaoktbsk tirmblbp
^LB tirsi`ut tbepb eiepirmbtkcbh lbyb lucuhf lbh ciaistbrkbh iaoaofk lbh icoskstie
ybhf blb. Tie`bhfuhb ybhf `irpusbt pblb pirtue`umbh icohoek siebtb, simkhffb poab
pihfiaoabbh ^LB ai`km lkakmbt si`bfbk sbrbhb icohoek citke`bhf bhufrbm \umbh btbs
cicbybbh icoaofk lbh soskba lbabe ebsybrbcbt sue`bwb.24
\uaksbh khk lkabcucbh uhtuc eihnirebtk lbh eiebchbk `bfbkebhb hkabk lbh poab-
poab prkabcu ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb lbabe pbebhjbbtbh lbh pihfiaoabbh ^LB, simkhffb
cilipbh cifkbtbh icohoek, tirebsuc ci`kgbcbh lbirbm lbpbt eieposkskcbh ebhuskb
siabcu su`gic sinbrb `irtbhffuhfgbwbh lbh eiepirmbtkcbh ci`irabhgutbh icoaofk, mba
sihbjbs lihfbh cohsip \io-Icohoek ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb, eihfiaoab ^LB cilipbh
mbrus eiepirmbtkcbh hkabk lbh itkcb ybhf blb, ybhf sulbm lkwbrkscbh oaim aiaumur
ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb, aiwbt blbt lbh cibrkjbh aocba.
Lbabe tuaksbh khk, cohsip icoaofk btbu icoskstie ybhf eihgblk jocus utbeb
blbabm icoskstie lbrbtbh brib pirtbhkbh lbh pihfie`babbh. Icoskstie lbtbt tirsi`ut
bcbh tirgblk cisike`bhfbh lbh tirgbfbhyb citirbturbh icoskstie, bpb`kab mu`uhfbh
bhtbrb coepohih-coepohih icoskstie sbtu lihfbh ybhf abkhhyb sisubk lihfbh juhfsk
lbh `icirgb lihfbh `bkc. Hbeuh bpb k̀ab sbabm sbtu coepohih icoskstie eksbahyb
sipirtk tbhbm, rusbc bck`bt bakm juhfsk abmbh lbh piebbhjbtbh ybhf `irai`kmbh.
: Otto ^oiebrwoto, Icoaofk, Akhfcuhfbh Mklup lbh Tie`bhfuhbh, (Gbcbrtb 7 Tihir`kt Lgbe`btbh, 2;;
6 ^.G. En.Hbufmtoh lbh Abrry A. Voaj, Fihirba Inoaofy, (^buhlirs Noaaifi Tu`aksmkhf, ^inohl Ilktkoh,
2;6>), p. 29= Eoistblgk, Tiaistbrkbh Ciebepubh Akhfcuhfbh Mklup, (Gbcbrtb 7 Cigbcsbbh Bfuhf PK, 2;==), m. >
; H.M.\. ^kbmbbh, Mucue Akhfcuhfbh lbh Icoaofk Tie`bhfuhbh, (Gbcbrtb 7 Irabhffb, 044. Ho2. Mba 2-02. ^iptie`ir 0429
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
KKK. EI\OLI TIHIAK\KBH Tihiaktkbh khk tirfoaohf lbabe gihks pihiaktkbh ^oskba iepkrks btbu abzke lksi`ut
Tihiaktkbh ^onko Pisibrnm ybktu pihiaktkbh ybhf lkabcucbh uhtuc eihiabbm hkabk lbhcbklbm ybhf blb lbabe ebsybrbcbt si`bfbk subtu cicubtbh soskba ybhf iepkrks.
Tihiaktkbh khk lkabcucbh uhtuc eihnirebtk lbh eiebchbk sinbrb coeprimihskj,
`bfbkebhb hkabk lbh poab-poab prkabcu ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb lbabe bctkvktbs icohoek
tircbkt pbebhjbbtbh lbh pihfiaoabbh babe (icoaofk).
\uaksbh khk eihffuhbcbh pihlicbtbh icohoek sosko cuaturba (icohoek
ciaie`bfbbh), lkabtbr `iabcbhfk oaim piekckrbh, `bmwb icohoek tklbc tiraipbs lbrk
cimklupbh ebsybrbcbthyb `irupb hkabk lbh skcbp/prkabcu.
^bakhf sbtkhfk eirupbcbh hkabk aocba ^ue`bwb, simkhffb pihfbebtbh blbabm
pihtkhf cipihtkhfbh uhtuc cipiraubh lbtb lbh bhbaksks lbtb.22 Tihfbebtbh tircbkt lihfbh
poab cimklupbh \io „ icohoek ebsybrbcbt sue`bwb lbabe pieihjbtbh babe (icoaofk).
Cieulkbh Bhbaksb lbh khtirpritbsk lbabe pihiaktkbh khk, `irupb sirbhfcbkbh prosiseihfbtur urutbh lbtb, eihforfbhksbskcbhhyb subtu poab, cbtifork lbh subtu urbkbh lbsbr,
sisubk sue`ir, juhfsk lbh cabskjkcbsk, eihgblk subtu urbkbh btbu prbsi, fuhb eihieucbh
kli btbu tieb ybhf lbpbt lkgblkcbh mkpotisks.20 Cieulkbh lbabe eiabcucbh khtirpritbsk
lbtb fuhb eihieucbh poab mu`uhfbh lbrk kli btbu prbsi-prbsi ybhf blb, lbabe `ihtuc
poab prkabcu lbh hkabk, cieulkbh lksbgk urbkbh-urbkbh lkscrkjtkj cubaktbtkj.2>
KZ. TIE@BMB^BH
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
^ue`bwb eiekakm cilubhyb ybktu eihgblk pitbhk sicbakfus eihgblk pitirhbc. Mba khk
eie`ilbcbh poab cimklupbh ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb lihfbh ybhf abkhhyb, eksbahyb
Gbwb, poab cimklupbh ebsybrbcbt lk puabu Gbwb sinbrb ueue ai`km tirpocus cipblbebsybrbcbt bfrbrks si`bfbk pitbhk sbgb (eihfbrbp tbhbm lk ci`uh lbh sbwbm).
Fbe`br
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=
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
\b`ia .4>
> > 0. 2> 2< 0.
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;
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
lkbe`ka cie`bak uhtuc lk`bwb puabhf. Ci`irblbbh Abr eirupbcbh mbc `irsbeb
ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb lkebhb ci`irblbbh Abr lkbcuk oaim ebsybrbcbt lihfbh `btbs-
`btbs ybhf lkbcuk sinbrb coeuhba, ebsybrbcbt pitbhk-pitirhbc ybhf eiaipbs miwbhtirhbchyb lbabe aocbsk Abr `irbsba lbrk `ir`bfbk lisb lbh akhtbs cinbebtbh ybhf
eiaiwbtk `btbs-`btbs blekhkstrbsk lisb ebupuh cinbebtbh.
Ysbmb icohoek lbabe `klbhf pirtbhkbh lbh pitirebcbh blbabm sictor utbeb `bfk
ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb, simkhffb eihgbgb mu`uhfbh ybhf siabrbs bhtbrb ebhuskb lbh babe
eigblk sisubtu ybhf wbgk` sisubk cohsip icoaofk. Eihgbfb citirbturbh icoskstie lbh
coepohih-coepohih icoskstie bfbr lbpbt `irjkhfsk lihfbh `bkc, sisubk eicbhksei
babe. Lbyb lucuhf lbh ciaistbrkbh iaoaofk lbh icoskstie ybhf blb mbrus lkgbfb
simkhffb prolucsk pirtbhkb lbh pirtihbcbh lbpbt ebcskeba. Ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb
`irciybckhbh `bmbwb sbrbhb prolucsk (babe) blbabm bhufrbm Baabm ^V\ btbs babe
(icoaofk) tirmblbp ebsybrbcbt sue`bwb.29
Tihuaks eiakmbt blb ebchb toaofks (Kabmkybm) tircbkt `bfbebhb ebsybrbcbtsue`bwb eiebchbk hkabk lbh `irpoab prkabcu lbabe pbebhjbbtbh lbh pihfiaoabbh babe,
simkhffb cilipbh cifkbtbh icohoek, tirebsuc ci`kgbcbh lbirbm lbpbt eieposkskcbh
ebhuskb siabcu su`gic sinbrb `irtbhffuhfgbwbh lbh eiepirmbtkcbh ci`irabhgutbh
icoaofk, mba sihbjbs lihfbh cohsip \io-Icohoek ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb.
. Ho2. Mba 2-02. ^iptie`ir 0429
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24
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
hkabk ci\bumklbh3 hkabk Ciblkabh3 hkabk Tirsbebbh3 hkabk eiabwbh ci`urucbh3 hkabk sbakhf
tuauhf (toaohf-eihoaohf lbh fotohf foyohf)3 hkabk toairbhsk3 lbh hkabk eusybcbrb
(eusybwbrbm). Tirtbeb, Hkabk Citbumklbh (cisbbh Baabm ^V\) blbabm prkhskp ybhf
eihfmkepuh siaurum ebhuskb cipblb \umbh, blbabm lk cbktcbh lihfbh piabcsbhbbh blbt
lbh `ulbyb ebsybrbcbt sue`bwb eiebhlbhf piabcsbhbbh k`blbm lbabe `ihtuc
pihyirbmbh lkrk cipblb cisiaurumbh cimihlbc Baabm ^V\, simkhffb eihfmihlbck lbh
eihfmbruscbh ebhuskb uhtuc eihitbpcbh mucue sisubk lihfbh bpb ybhf lkturuhcbh
Baabm lbh Pbsua-Hyb. Ebsybrbcbt sue`bwb eiebhlbhf `bmwb siaurum sieistb babe
`irsugut pblb Baabm ^V\, lbh ebhuskb `bfkbh lbrk sieistb babe mbrus tuhluc pblb
pirkhtbm Baabm ^V\. Tirk`blbtbh lbh eiabcsbhbcbh pirkhtbm Baabm ^V\ tklbc `oaim
lksipiaicbh `kab eihfmbrbpcbh cubaktbs mklup ybhf pihum cisiabtbh lk luhkb ebupuh lk
bmirbt, lbrk akhfcup lkrk (khlkvklu), ciaubrfb sbepbk pblb akhfcup ebsybrbcbt
(coeuhktbs) ybhf ai`km aubs. Citbbtbh cipblb Baabm ^V\ khk tirfbe`br lbrk abwbs (sybkr^ue`bwb)2: ybhf sinbrb tifbs eihfcohstucskcbh eubtbh ciwbgk`bh @obt bgk Co Hihi
(ybktu citbbtbh lbh pihyie`bmbh cipblb Baabm ^V\)
Cilub hkabk Ciblkabh, eihurut ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb ciblkbabh tklbc aipbs lbrk
riabsk eorbaktbs lbh citbumklbh ybhf `irpiloebh pblb wbmyu Baabm ^V\. Baabm ^V\
si`bfbk ybhf Ebmb Blka, eieirkhtbmcbh ebhuskb `irskcbp blka, `bkc tirmblbp lkrk
sihlkrk, orbhf abkh, gufb cipblb sieistb babe (tirebsuc akhfcuhfbh lbh miwbh).
Ciblkabh blbabm sihlk pirfbuabh soskba ybhf pbakhf juhlieihtba. Gkcb ciblkabh
lkabhffbr, sihlk-sihlk ebsybrbcbt bcbh foybm, lbabe crkc sabebt eiebhlbhf ciblkabh
lbabe brtk eihiepbtcbh subtu pblb tiepbthyb3 sbeb rbsb btbu sbeb gueabm3 sbeb aiwb
(cisike`bhfbh lbabe `bmbsb sue`bwb) `ksb `irmuhfbh lihfbh cisike`bhfbh mbc lbh
ciwbgk`bh.
Citkfb, hkabk ifbaktir. Mba khk `irbhfcbt lbrk abtbr `iabcbhf ci`ulbybh ybhf
ebgieuc simkhffb tirnkptb rbsb ifbaktirkbh/pirsbebbh bhtbr bhffotb ebsybrbcbt
^ue`bwb. ^inbrb fbrks `isbr, lbpbt lkcbtbcbh `bmwb cirbgbbh/cisuatbhbh ybhf lk
wkabybm ^ue`bwb lkpihfbrumk oaim `ulbyb aubr, sipirtk ybhf tiabm lkuabs pblb `bfkbh
‑pitb cimklupbh ci`irbfbebh―. Hkabk lbh siebhfbt pirsbebbh eihgblk tuepubh
`bhfuhbh mucue ebsgkl kbabm `bmwb sieub bhffotb ebsybrbcbt eiepuhybk mbc ybhf
sbeb lk mblbpbh mucue, pirsbebbh khk eihie`us `btbs cbyb lbh eksckh, piekepkh lbh
rbcybt, eiricb sieub sbeb silirbgbt btbu sbeb tkhfcbtbh, tbhpb eiebhlbhf wbrhb cuakt
lbh sucu-`bmbsb.
Tirsbebbh khk bcbh tirwugul gkcb tirgbakh mu`uhfbh pirsbulbrbbh. ^iebckh `bhybc pirsbebbh, siebckh cocom poab pirsbulbrbbh. Tirsbebbh rbsb lbh nktb
eirupbcbh jbctor loekhbh ybhf eihlbmuauk abmkrhyb pirsbulbrbbh mbckck, lbh pblb
bcmkrhyb eihgblkcbh siorbhf eirbsbcbh pihlirktbbh lirktb sbulbrbhyb (sbakhf sbckck),
eihfuaurcbh tbhfbh si`iaue lkekhtb sirtb eieiraucbh sisbebhyb `ucbh btbs lbsbr
eie`irk lbh eihirkeb (sbakhf tuauhf), eihfutbebcbh orbhf abkh btbs lkrk eiricb,
wbabupuh lkrk eiricb sihlkrk cicurbhfbh (sbakhf bhfcbt).
Ciiepbt, hkabk sbakhf sbtotbhf (sbakhf eihfkhfbtcbh uhtuc mba ci`bkcbh) lbabe
hkabk khk lkfuhbcbh uhtuc eiricbybsb uebt ebhuskb eihugu tugubh ybhf `bkc lbh `ihbr
2: ^ybkr ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb khk eirupbcbh nirekh ebsybrbcbt sue`bwb si`bfbk `ihtuc citbbtbh ebhuskb cipblb
\umbhhyb, eiricb pirnbyb bpb ybhf eiricb pir`ubt ktuabm ybhf eiricb lbpbt lbh eiricb pirtbhffuhfgbwb`cbhcieulkbh cipblb Baabm ^V\.
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
ybhf lkcimihlbck oaim Baabm ^V\. Ksabe `irjuhfsk si`bfbk sonkba ihfkhiirkhf mucue.
Hbmk euhcbr `irjuhfsk si`bfbk sonkba nohtroa .
Ciakeb, hkabk sbakhf tuauhf (sbakhf toaohf eihoaohf lbh fotohf royohf), khkeirupbcbh tkhlbc abhgut ybhf hybtb si`bfbk prkhskp mklup ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb lbabe
eie`bhtu sisbeb. sbakhf eihoaohf lbh fotohf royohf sisubk lihfbh trblksk `bhfsb
Khlohiskb pblb ueuehyb.
Ciihbe, hkabk toairbhsk, khk eihicbhcbh ebsybrbcbt uhtuc mklup rucuh lbh
lbebk btbs pir`ilbbh ybhf blb, `bkc ktu pir`ilbbh pihlbpbt lbh nbrb pblbhf ebupuh
ybhf abkh.
Citugum hkabk eusybcbrb (Eusybwbrbm), hkabk lk khk siabau lkfuhbcbh oaim
ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb lbabe eieutuscbh siaurum pirebsbabmbh ybhf blb lk lbabe
ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb, lihfbh eihguhguhf tkhffk hkabk-hkabk ciciaubrfbbh, hkabk sbakhf
eihfmorebtk, hkabk ci`ihbrbh lbh hkabk eusybwbrbm lbh eujbcbt, ybhf byoek lihfbh
hkabk Citbumklbh bcbh cicubsbbh Baabm ^V\ si`bfbk piekakc sieistb babe lbhcimklupbh khk. ^imkhffb lbabe eieutuscbh sifbab pirebsbabmbh ybhf blb lk lbabe
ebsybrbcbt siabau eihffuhbcbh eitoli lbh nbrb ybhf ksabek ybktu lihfbh eusybcbrb
(eusybwbrbm lbabe `bmbsb ^ue`bwb).
Eusybcbrb khk blbabm pihfbe`kabh ciputusbh tir`bkc lbabe ebsybrbcbt
^ue`bwb, ybhf ebhb lbabe ‑eusybcbrb― blbabm pihfbe`kabh ciputusbh sinbrb aofks
lihfbh poab coeuhkcbsk ybhf ijictkj, lihfbh gbabh lkbaofks ybhf tir`ucb `bfk siaurum
bhffotb ebsybrbcbt sirtb eihfilipbhcbh hkabk-hkabk ci`ihbrbh, cbrihb eusybwbrbm khk
`irtugubh uhtuc eihnbrk bcbr ebsbabm, eieinbmcbhhyb sinbrb aofks lbh `irtbhffuhf
gbwb`, cieulkbh lk nbrk sue`ir rugucbh lbabe Ba-Rur‛bh lbh Ba-mblkst, sirtb `ulbyb
lbh blbt kstkblbt ^ue`bwb, lbrk ktu sieub ebcb lkputusabm putusbh ybhf tir`bkc uhtuc
siaurum bhffotb ebsybrbcbt. Eusybcbrb khk `kbsbhyb lk abcucbh lk ebsgkl lihfbh
eiak`btcbh siaurum bhffotb ebsybrbcbt lihfbh siebhfbt ciciaubrfbbh lbh hkbt eihugu
ci`bkcbh `bfk siaurum bhffotb ebsybrbcbt (ci`bkcbh `irsbeb).
^bakhf ^btkhfk lbabe `ulbyb ^ue`bwb eirupbcbh hkabk ybhf lbtbhf lbrk
pirbsbbh abmkr lbh `btkh ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb lbabe `ihtuc pihfmorebtbh lbh sbakhf
eieuakbcbh bhtbr sisbeb, sbakhf eieuakbcbh khk eirupbcbh cbrbctirkstkc ebsybrbcbt
^ue`bwb ybhf ifbaktir, si`bfbk bck`bt lbrk pbmbe ciciaubrfbbh ybhf eiekakck kcbtbh
sbepbk sipupu tugu ( suepu pktu). Pbsb sbakhf eihfmorebtk khk lbtbhf lbrk cikcmabsbh
(lbabe hurbhk) btbs sisbeb ebhusbk si`bfbk ebmauc nkptbbh Baabm ^V\, pihfmorebtbh
khk tklbc lklbsbrk oaim stbtus pihlklkcbh, pbhfcbt, gb`btbh btbupuh icohoek sisiorbhf.
Hkabk ^bakhf ^btkhfk ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb sbhfbt pihtkhf lbh lk`utumcbh lbabe sifbabmba, eksbahyb lbabe eihihtucbh ciputusbh tbrmblbp sitkbp pirebsbabmbh soskba, aitbc
posksk `ulbyb sbakhf sbtkhfk sbhfbt cihtba lbabe bctkvktbs simbrk-mbrk ebsybrbcbt
^ue`bwb.
@ulbyb ^ue`bwb ybhf abmkr lbrk khtrbcsk bhtbrb `ulbyb lbhfbh Ksabe. Ksabe
eiaitbcbh lbsbr-lbsbr btbu bsbs lbabe mu`uhfbh ciebsybrbcbtbh lbh ciciaubrfbbh.26
2. ^bakhf eihfmorebtk lbh eieuakbcbh, Ksabe eihfbgbrcbh uhtuc eihfmorebtk
ebhuskb wbabupuh tiabm eihgblk ebybt. Lkrkwbybtcbh `bmwb Hb`k Eumbeebl ^BV
`irlkrk cmusyu'c eihfmorebtk gihbzbm siorbhf ybmulk. Cieulkbh sisiorbhf `ircbtb7
26 mttp//www.bambrbebkh.or.kl, lk bcsis pblb mbrk Guebt, 2> 4: 042
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
"Vbmbk Pbsuauaabm, sisuhffumhyb lkb gihbzbm ybmulk". Hb`k ^BV `irsb`lb7 "@ucbhcbm
lkb gufb blbabm siorbhf `irgkwb ?". (MP. Kebe Eusake).
0. Eihyi`brcbh cbskm sbybhf , khk eirupbcbh icspaorbsk lbrk rksbabm Ksabesi`bfbk bgbrbh ybhf utum, cbrihb lkb lbtbhf si`bfbk rbmebt uhtuc siaurum babe. Hb`k
^BV `irsb`lb7 "\klbc bcbh tiraipbs cbskm sbybhf cinubak lbrk orbhf-orbhf ybhf mkhb".
>. Ciblkabh & pirsbebh, eihifbccbh ciblkabh eirupbcbh cimbrusbh lk wbctu
bebh `bmcbh lbabe ciblbbh pirbhf sicbakpuh lbh Ksabe eihgblkcbh `irabcu blka cbpblb
eusum si`bfbk mba ybhf eihlicbtcbh cipblb citbqwbbh (R^. Ba-Ebklbm7=).
Eiribaksbskcbh mba khk, Ksabe tklbc mbhyb eihyurum `ir`ubt blka, tbpk gufb
eihfmbrbecbh cizbakebh lbh eiabrbhfhyb sbhfbt cirbs. Blbpuh bsbs pirsbebbh sbhfbt
lkticbhcbh cmusushyb lkmblbpbh mucue. Jbctor ybhf eie`ilbcbh bhtbrb siorbhf
lihfbh ybhf abkh blbabm tbqwb lbh beba smbaim. (R^.Ba-Mugurbt72>).
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2>
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
Z. TIHY\YT Ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb lihfbh cibrkjbh hkabk aocbahyb eiebhlbhf tirhbc (sbpk,
cir`bu, culb, cbe`khf) lbh babe (sbwb, absbhf, ci`uh sirtb tbhbm Abr ) si`bfbk `bfkbhybhf tklbc tirpksbm lbabe cimklupbh eiricb, cbrihb sinbrb trblkskohba icskstihsk lbh
pirblb`bh ^ue`bwb lk`bfuh lbrk pirblb`bh bfrbrks, ybktu pitbhk-pitirhbc, simkhffb
ci`irblbbh babe lbh ciaistbrkbh icoaofk eihgblk sbhfbt pihtkhf `bfk ebsybrbcbt
^ue`bwb.
Cohsip tio-Icohoek eiebhlbhf `bmwb eiabsbhbcbh hkabk bfbeb, ebcb sinbrb
otoebtks gufb eieiakmbrb (eieihfbhf tifum) `ulbyb, `ifktu puab si`bakchyb,
eiekakmbrb bfbeb eihfbhluhf brtk eieiakmbrb babe lbh sikskhyb, lbabe cohtics
ciksabebh si`bfbk bfbeb ebsybrbcbt sue`bwb, `bmwb ebhuskb lktbclkrcbh uhtuc
eihgblk cmbakjb, ybhf `irciwbgk`bh eihfiaoab lbh eiebceurcbh `uek (babe sieistb)
sinbrb `irtbhfuhf gbwb`. ^imkhffb sitkbp cifkbtbh lbh bctkvktbs tbu sbebwb
(ebsybrbcbt/orbhf ^ue`bwb) btbu skbpbpuh ybhf `irblb pblb tbhb sbebwb (wkabybm^ue`bwb) mbrus lkabcsbhbcbh lihfbh eihfilipbhcbh blbt-kstkblbt lbh hkabk bfbeb tbu
sbebwb (bfbeb Ksabe) si`bfbk piloebh mklup.
LBJ\BP TY^\BCB
@bpilb ^ue`bwb. 0420. ^ue`bwb lbabe bhfcb tbmuh 0420
A. G. Eoaiohf, 0444. Eitoloaofk Tihiaktkbh Cubaktbtkj , (@bhluhf7 Piebgb Pbslbcbryb)
Abmeullkh Wumrk. 0429. Tirakhluhfbh Mbc-Mbc Ebsybrbcbt Btbs ^ue`ir Lbyb Babe
(^LB) lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb. Gurhba Mucue Trbsblb. Trofrbe Ebfksria Kaeu
Mucue Tbsnbsbrgbhb Yhkvirsktbs Vbrebliwb. Liepbsbr. Zoa >. Ho 2. Mba 2-02
Eoistblgk, 2;==. Tiaistbrkbh Ciebepubh Akhfcuhfbh Mklup, (Gbcbrtb 7 Cigbcsbbh
Bfuhf PK)
H.M.\. ^kbmbbh, 044
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2. Fihirba Inoaofy, (^buhlirs Noaaifi
Tu`aksmkhf, ^inohl Ilktkoh)
^bhbpkbm ^ Jbksba. 2;;=. @ulbyb cirgb Ebybrbcbt Titbhk (Cbgkbh ^tructurbakstkc7 Cbsus
Titihk ^ue`bwb). Lksirtbsk Trofrbe Tbsnbsbrgbh Yhkvirsktbs
Bktrabhffb7^urb`byb.
^ufkoyoho, 0420. Eiebmbek Tihiaktkbh Cubaktbtkj (Nit.6). (@bhluhf7 Bajb @itb)
^ybkjullkh Kscbhlbr, 0422 ―Tihfie`bhfbh Hkabk @ulbyb Aocba ^i`bfbk Eolba
Eie`bhfuh Gbtk Lkrk lbh Cbrbctir @bhfsb― Gurhba Kaekbm YH^B Trofriss (T>K)
^ue`bwb @isbr , Ilksk Octo`ir 0422 7 Gkakl 24 Hoeor 29)3
^ybkjullkh Kscbhlbr, 044:. Cohakc Ithkc lbabe Ebsybrbcbt Ebgieuc , (Ebabhf7 YETPI^, 044:).
[ulk Abtkj, 0422. Hifbrb Tbrkpurhb7 Mkstorksktbs, Pbskohbaktbs lbh Bctubaktbs
Tbhnbskab, (Gbcbrtb7 Frbeilkb)
mttp//www.bambrbebkh.or.kl, lk bcsis pblb mbrk Guebt, 2> 4: 042
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29
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
Bhbaksks ̂ tructur Icohoek Tihlicbtbh ̂ ictorba lbh ̂ pbskba
Tblb Tusbt Cifkbtbh Vkabybm Tie`bhfuhbh Lk Cb`upbtih ̂ ue`bwb
Oaim 7
^uskabwbtk
^uprkbhto
Pulk Ebshkblk
B@^\PBC
Tihiaktkbh khk `irtugubh uhtuc eihfbhbaksks sictor uhffuabh lbh structur
icohoek Tusbt Cifkbtbh Vkabybm lbh Tusbt Cifkbtbh Aocba lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb.
Babt bhbaksks ybhf lkfuhbcbh ybktu Aonbtkoh Ruotkiht uhtuc eihfklihtkjkcbskcbh sictor
uhffuabh lbh \kpoaofk Cabssih uhtuc eihfitbmu structur icohoek. Lbtb ybhf
lkfuhbcbh lbabe bhbaksks khk blbabm lbtb sicuhlir ybhf lkpiroaim lbrk @blbh Tusbt
^tbtkstkc (@T^) lbh @blbh Tirihnbhbbh Tie`bhfuhbh Lbirbm (@bppilb) Cb`upbtih
^ue`bwb tbmuh 0424-0420.
Lbrk mbska pihiaktkbh eihffuhbcbh eitoli Aonbtkoh Ruotkiht, TCV ^ue`bwb
eirupbcbh wkabybm lihfbh sictor uhffuabh tir`bhybc eiekakck 6 sictor ybktu khlustrk
pihfoabmbh3 akstrkc, fbs, lbh bkr `irskm3 `bhfuhbh3 pirlbfbhfbh, motia, lbh ristorbh3
pihfbhfcutbh lbh coeuhkcbsk3 `bhc, usbmb pirsiwbbh, lbh gbsb pirusbmbbh3 gbsb
gbsb. TCA Babs eiekakck 9 sictor uhffuabh ybktu pirtbhkbh3 pirtbe`bhfbh lbh
pihffbakbh3 khlustrk pihfoabmbh3 pirlbfbhfbh, motia, lbh ristorbh3 `bhc, usbmb
pirsiwbbh, lbh gbsb pirusbmbbh. ^ilbhfcbh TCA Auhyuc tirlbpbt 0 sictor uhffuabh ybktu pirtbe`bhfbh3 lbh `bhfuhbh. TCA Aihbhffubr eiekakck > sictor uhffuabh ybktu
pirtbe`bhfbh lbh pihffbakbh3 `bhfuhbh3 lbh gbsb-gbsb. TCA Iepbhf tirlbpbt >
sictor uhffuabh, pirtbhkbh3 akstrkc, fbs, lbh bkr `irskm3 lbh `bhfuhbh. TCA Ab`bhfcb
gufb eiekakck > sictor uhffuabh ybktu pirtbhkbh3 pirtbe`bhfbh lbh pihffbakbh3 lbh
gbsb-gbsb.
@irlbsbrcbh mbska bhbaksks \kpoaofk Cabssih, TCV ^ue`bwb lk`ihtuc oaim
sictor prkeb (cublrbh K) ybhf tirlkrk lbrk khlustrk pihfoabmbh3 akstrkc, fbs, lbh bkr
`irskm3 `bhfuhbh3 pirlbfbhfbh, motia, lbh ristorbh3 pihfbhfcutbh lbh coeuhkcbsk3
`bhc, usbmb pirsiwbbh, lbh gbsb pirusbmbbh3 lbh gbsb-gbsb. ^ilbhfcbh TCA Babs
lksusuh oaim pirtbhkbh3 pirlbfbhfbh, motia, lbh ristorbh3 `bhc, usbmb pirsiwbbh lbh
gbsb pirusbmbbh si`bfbk sictor-sictor ebgu lbh nipbt tue`um. Coeposksk structuricohoek TCA Auhyuc mbhyb tirlkrk lbrk sictor pirtbe`bhfbh lk Cublrbh K. TCA
Aihbhffubr tklbc eiekakck sictor prkeb simkhffb structur icohoekhyb tirsusuh btbs
Cublrbh KK, Cublrbh KKK, lbh cublrbh KZ. ^ieihtbrb ktu, TCA Iepbhf eiekakck sictor
pirtbhkbh3 lbh `bhfuhbh lk Cublrbh K. TCA Ab`bhfcb mbhyb tirlkrk lbrk
pirtbe`bhfbh lk Cublrb
Cbtb Cuhnk 7 ^ictor Yhffuabh, ^tructur Icohoek, Aonbtkoh Ruotkiht,
\kpoaofk Cabssih
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K. TIHLBMYAYBH
2.2. Abtbr @iabcbhf
Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb, sbabm sbtu cb`upbtih ybhf eiekakck potihsk pihfie`bhfbh uhtuc eiwugulcbh ciebhlkrkbh sinbrb icohoek lihfbh ciuhtuhfbh
sue`irlbyb babe ybhf lkekakck. Vkabybm cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb lk`bfk eihgblk 0<
cinbebtbh, gueabm tirsi`ut tirlkrk btbs sbtu Tusbt Cifkbtbh Vkabybm (TCV) ybktu TCV
^ue`bwb, lbh akeb Tusbt Cifkbtbh Aocba ybktu TCA Auhyuc, TCA Aihbhffubr, TCA
Iepbhf, TCA Ab`bhfcb, lbh TCA Babs. Blbhyb ihbe cohsihtrbsk pieirkhtbm lbirbm
uhtuc eiebnu pirtue`umbh lbh pie`bhfuhbh tirsi`ut lbpbt lkakmbt si`bfbk subtu
strbtifk pirihnbhbbh ybhf sulbm eihfbrbm cipblb spbskba (cirubhfbh/wkabybm) lbh
sictorba (abpbhfbh usbmb). Tusbt Cifkbtbh Vkabybm eihurut kstkabm pihbtbbh rubhf
eirupbcbh cbwbsbh pircotbbh ybhf `irjuhfsk uhtuc eiabybhk cifkbtbh scbab propkhsk
btbu `i`irbpb cb`upbtih cotb, silbhfcbh Tusbt Cifkbtbh Aocba blbabm cbwbsbh
pircotbbh ybhf `irjuhfsk uhtuc eiabybhk cifkbtbh scbab cb`upbtih/cotb btbu `i`irbpbcinbebtbh.
Juhfsk khk eihuhguccbh `bmwb eiebhf tirlbpbt mkrbrck ybhf sinbrb sihfbgb
btbu tir`ihtuc sinbrb babekbm pblb `i`irbpb wkabybm ybhf `irpirbh si`bfbk pusbt
cifkbtbh icohoek. Cohlksk khk lbpbt eihyi`b`cbh pirebsbabmbh citkepbhfbh `bkc lbrk
sifk pirtue`umbh ebupuh pie`bhfuhbh icohoek cbrihb tirgblkhyb pieusbtbh
cifkbtbh icohoek lk sbtu tiepbt hbeuh mba tirsi`ut lbpbt eiebnu trknai lowh ijjint
pirtue`umbh btbu pie`bhfuhbh eiabauk pirihnbhbbh pie`bhfuhbh ybhf tipbt.
Tirihnbhbbh pie`bhfuhbh lk tkhfcbt lbirbm tir`ihtuc lbabe Pihnbhb
Tie`bhfuhbh Gbhfcb Eihihfbm Lbirbm (PTGEL) ybhf eirupbcbh locueih risek
ybhf `irksk vksk lbh eksk cipbab lbirbm tirpkakm siabeb akeb tbmuh ebsb pieirkhtbmbh
silbhfcbh rueusbh vksk pie`bhfuhbh gbhfcb pbhgbhf Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb lklbsbrcbh
lihfbh eiepirtke`bhfcbh cohlksk, bhbaksks lbh prilkcsk jbctor strbtifks ybhf lkekakck
lbirbm lbrk bspic fioeorjoaofk, akhfcuhfbh mklup, lieofrbjk, icohoek, sue`irlbyb
babe, soskba `ulbyb, poaktkc, prbsbrbhb lbh sbrbhb sirtb pieirkhtbmbh.
^inbrb cmusus, eksk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb lk `klbhf pihkhfcbtbh pie`bhfuhbh
icohoek tircbhluhf lbabe eksk ciiepbt ybktu eiepirnipbt pihfie`bhfbh icohoek
lbirbm `ir`bsks bfro`kshks eiabauk pirnipbtbh pie`bhfuhbh khjrbstructur,
pihfie`bhfbh cbwbsbh strbtifks, pihfubtbh ciaie`bfbbh icohoek aocba lbh
pihkhfcbtbh khvistbsk (@bppilb Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb, 0422).
Tihfie`bhfbh icohoek lbirbm eiabauk pihlicbtbh sictorba lbh spbskba
lklbsbrcbh btbs wkabybm pihfie`bhfbh eieuhfckhcbh uhtuc eihfbhbaksks ai`kmspiskjkc potihsk cbwbsbh sirtb trihl structur icohoek ybhf lkekakck lbabe pihyusuhbh
rihnbhb strbtifk ybhf eihfbrbm pblb pihfubtbh eksk uhtuc pie`ihtucbh cbwbsbh
strbtifks `ir`bsks icohoek aocba. Tirebsbabmbh ybhf lkmblbpk oaim cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb
tklbc gbum `ir`ilb lbrk wkabybm abkh lkebhb tirgblk citkepbhfbh lbrk sksk pirtue`umbh
icohoek lbh cohtrk`usk Troluc Loeistkc Pifkohba @ruto (TLP@) Tusbt Cifkbtbh
Vkabybm (TCV) tirmblbp TLP@ cb`upbtih simkhffb cisbh pie`bfkbh wkabybm tirsi`ut
`iaue eie`irkcbh pihfbrum skfhkjkcbh uhtuc eihfurbhfk citkepbhfbh tirsi`ut.
Bpbabfk lbabe PTGEL H\@ tbmuh 044; „ 042> cisihgbhfbh pie`bhfuhbh
bhtbrwkabybm lbh bhtbrsictorba eihgblk ksu strbtifks ybhf lkprkorktbscbh, sieihtbrb ktu
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simkhffb sinbrb cisiaurumbh, pirtue`umbh icohoek Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb tklbc tirabau
lkpihfbrumk oaim sictor sicuhlir ybhf sbhfbt proluctkj.
Tblb Fbe`br 2.0 eihuhguccbh lkstrk`usk pirsihtbsi ebskhf-ebskhf sictor pblbTCV/TCA lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb ybhf ebskm lkloekhbsk oaim sictor pirtbhkbh.
^ictor khk lbpbt lkpbhlbhf si`bfbk sictor uhffuabh hbeuh tklbc eie`irkcbh hkabk
tbe`bm ybhf sinbrb skfhkjkcbh eihkhfcbtcbh abgu pirtue`umbh.
Abgu pirtue`umbh icohoek Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb eihnbpbk :,=4 % pblb tbmuh
0420, silbhfcbh TCV ^ue`bwb tue`um eiai`kmk abgu cb`upbtih ybktu 6,6< %, lkkcutk
TCA Babs (:,;>%), TCA Iepbhf (:,=6%), TCA Auhyuc (:,26%), TCA Ab`bhfcb
(9,;;%), lbh TCA Aihbhffubr (9,=6%) (@bppilb Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb, 042>).
Fbe`br 2.0
Frbjkc Lkstrk`usk Tirsihtbsi TLP@ Ebskhf-ebskhf TCV/TCA
Btbs Lbsbr Mbrfb @irabcu \bmuh 0420 (lbabe %)
^ue`ir7 @T^ Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb, 042> (lkoabm)
^trbtifk pie`bhfuhbh lbirbm Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb sulbm eihfbrbm pblb
pihfie`bhfbh sinbrb sictorba lbh spbskba, TLP@ wkabybm pihfie`bhfbh ybhf lkekakckueuehyb ebskm lkloekhbsk oaim sictor prkeir pblbmba lihfbh sue`irlbyb sictor
prkeir tirsi`ut simbrushyb ebepu eihlorohf pirtue`umbh ybhf ai`km pisbt lbrk
sictor sicuhlir lbabe wbctu pihnbpbkbh vksk eksk siabeb lub pirkoli pieirkhtbmbh.
Mba khk eihnkptbcbh `ir`bfbk cieuhfckhbh pirsobabh ybhf eiepihfbrumk abe`bthyb
piru`bmbh structur eksbahyb pirihnbhbbh ybhf lkgb`brcbh eiabauk vksk eksk pieirkhtbm
lbirbm lbabe `ihtuc PTGE btbu aiebmhyb coorlkhbsk bhtbrlbirbm uhtuc eiekhkebacbh
cisihgbhfbh lbabe piebhjbbtbh sictor-sictor uhffuabh, gufb cihlbab khvistbsk ybhf
eihffirbccbh sictor sicuhlir.
49
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Eihurut \brkfbh (044:7>9), pirihnbhbbh pie`bhfuhbh wkabybm si`bkchyb
eihffuhbcbh lub pihlicbtbh, ybktu pihlicbtbh sictorba lbh pihlicbtbh rifkohba.
Tihlicbtbh sictorba `kbsbhyb aiss-spbtkba (curbhf eiepirmbtkcbh bspic rubhf sinbrbcisiaurumbh), silbhfcbh pihlicbtbh rifkohba ai`km `irskjbt spbtkba . Gblk, lihfbh
eihfbhbaksks structur piricohoekbh lihfbh pihlicbtbh sictorba lbh spbskba ebcb
pirihnbhbbh pie`bhfuhbh ci lipbhhyb bcbh ai`km eiebcskebacbh sictor uhffuabh
ebskhf-ebskhf wkabybm pihfie`bhfbh lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb sirtb eihfbhbaksks
wkabybm ebhb sbgb ybhf eie`utumcbh profrbe khtihskj uhtuc eiebnu pirtue`umbh
lbh cohtrk`usk tirmblbp pie`bhfuhbh lbirbm.
2.0 \ugubh TihiaktkbhBlbpuh tugubh lbrk pihiaktkbh khk blbabm7
2. Yhtuc eihfklihtkjkcbsk sictor uhffuabh ybhf lkekakck oaim ebskhf-ebskhf
Tusbt Cifkbtbh Vkabybm pie`bhfuhbh lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb.0. Yhtuc eihfklihtkjkcbsk structur icohoek ybhf lkekakck oaim ebskhf-ebskhf
Tusbt Cifkbtbh Vkabybm pie`bhfuhbh `irlbsbrcbh pihlicbtbh sictorba lbh
spbskba lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb.
KK. \KHGBYBH TY^\BCB
0.2. Tihiaktkbh ̂ i`iauehyb\irlbpbt `ir`bfbk pihiaktkbh si`iauehyb ybhf eihgblk `bmbh rugucbh pihuaks
ybhf riaivbh lihfbh pihiaktkbh ybhf lkabcucbh pihuaks. Blbpuh pihiaktkbh-pihiaktkbh
si`iauehyb ybktu7
2. @khbr Pulbtkh (044>), pihiaktkbh tisks lihfbh gulua ‑Bhbaksks ^ictor @bsks lbabe
Pbhfcb Tihfie`bhfbh Tie`bhfuhbh Vkabybm, ^tulk Cbsus Cb`upbtih-
cb`upbtih lk Gbwb \ihfbm \bmuh 2;;: - 0442―.
0. Mklbybt Bekr lbh ^ubmbska Hbzbrb (0449), lihfbh pihiaktkbh `irgulua ‑Bhbaksks
Tiru`bmbh ^tructur Icohoek ( Inohoekn Abhlsnbpi) lbh Ci`kgbcbh ^trbtifk
Tie`bhfuhbh Gbwb \keur \bmuh 2;;< - 0444―.
>. Lilly Eb‛euh lbh ^ohhy Krwbhsybm (042>), lihfbh pihiaktkbh `irgulua
‑Bhbaksks Tirfisirbh ^tructur Icohoek lbh Klihtkjkcbsk ^ictor Totihskba
Vkabybm Tihfie`bhfbh (^tulk Cbsus lk Cb`upbtih @icbsk, Trovkhsk Gbwb
@brbt)―. Babt bhbaksks ybhf lkfuhbcbh blbabm AR lbh ^mkjt ^mbri (Nabsskn lbh
Isti`bh Ebrqukaabs).
0.0 Abhlbsbh \iork
0.0.2 Tirihnbhbbh Tie`bhfuhbh VkabybmTirihnbhbbh blbabm tichkc, nbrb uhtuc eihnbpbk tugubh3 tugubh uhtuc
eiwugulcbh ebcsul lbh sbsbrbh tirtihtu ybhf tiabm lktihtucbh si`iauehyb lbh tiabm
lkrueuscbh lihfbh `bkc oaim @blbh Tirihnbhbbh Tusbt (Gmkhfbh, 044=7926).
Tirihnbhbbh ueuehyb lk`utumcbh oaim hifbrb-hifbrb ybhf silbhf `ircie`bhf uhtuc
eihfbcsiairbsk pie`bhfuhbh icohoek. Eihurut Fblfka lbabe Gmkhfbh (044=), `bfk
pie`bhfuhbh icohoek pirihnbhbbh eihfbhluhf brtk pihfbrbmbh btbu pihfbturbh
icstirhba cifkbtbh icohoek oaim `blbh pirihnbhb, ybhf lbabe `bhybc mba, lksbebcbh
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lihfbh pieirkhtbm hifbrb. Cuhnoro lbabe ^u`bhlk (044=704) eihfbrtkcbh
pie`bhfuhbh `irlkeihsk ai`km aubs lbrk sicilbr pihkhfcbtbh pirtue`umbh icohoek.
Eihurut \brkfbh (0446), wkabybm lbpbt lkakmbt si`bfbk subtu rubhf pblb pireucbbh `uek. Tihfirtkbh pireucbbh `uek blbabm eihuhguc pblb tiepbt btbu
aocbsk ybhf lkakmbt sinbrb morkzohtba lbh virtkcba. ^ieihtbrb ktu, pirihnbhbbh wkabybm
blbabm pirihnbhbbh pihffuhbbh rubhf wkabybm (tirebsuc pirihnbhbbh pirfirbcbh lk
lbabe rubhf wkabybm) lbh pirihnbhbbh cifkbtbh pblb rubhf wkabybm tirsi`ut.
Tirihnbhbbh cifkbtbh lbabe wkabybm lkbtur lbabe pirihnbhbbh pie`bhfuhbh wkabybm
lbabe `ihtuc pirihnbhbbh pie`bhfuhbh gbhfcb pbhgbhf (09 s.l. >4 tbmuh),
pirihnbhbbh gbhfcb eihihfbm (9 s.l. : tbmuh), lbh pirihnbhbbh gbhfcb pihlic (2 s.l. 0
tbmuh) (\brkfbh, 044:7>0).
Tihlicbtbh ̂ ictorba
Tihlicbtbh sictorba blbabm lkebhb siaurum cifkbtbh icohoek lk lbabe wkabybm pirihnbhbbh lkciaoepoccbh btbs sictor-sictor (\brkfbh, 044:7>:). ^ictor-sictor ybhf
lkebcsul blbabm cisie`kabh abpbhfbh usbmb ybhf tirlbpbt lbabe pihlbpbtbh
hbskohba/lbirbm ybhf abzke lksi`ut proluc loeistkc.
Eihurut \brkfbh (044:7 >=). Eihurut Zoh \muhih, siwb tbhbm
pbakhf ebmba lk pusbt pbsbr lbh ebckh rihlbm bpb`kab ebckh gbum lbrk pbsbr. Vi`ir
eihfcmususcbh bhbakskshyb eihfihbk bhbaksks aocbsk cifkbtbh khlustrk. Eihurut Vi`ir
(\brkfbh, 044:7 2
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eihuhguccbh cicoepaicsbh wkabybm si`bfbk `bfkbh lbrk bctkvktbs icohoek.
Piprisihtbsk icohoek tkbp wkabybm lktuhguccbh oaim pirjorebhni sictorba eiabauk
Trolunt Loeistkc Pifkohba @ruto (Jkrlbus lbh Eutb‛bak, 044;7 0=2).
0.0.> ̂ ictor YhffuabhEihurut Brsybl (2;;;) lbabe Baeuabk`brk (0422), tiork `bsks icohoek
eihlbsbrcbh pbhlbhfbhhyb `bmwb abgu pirtue`umbh icohoek subtu wkabybm lktihtucbh
oaim `isbrhyb pihkhfcbtbh icspor lbrk wkabybm tirsi`ut. Tirtue`umbh khlustrk-khlustrk
ybhf eihffuhbcbh sue`irlbyb aocba, tirebsuc tihbfb cirgb lbh `bmbh `bcu uhtuc
lkicspor, bcbh eihfmbskacbh cicbybbh lbirbm lbh pihnkptbbh piaubhf cirgb.
Bhbaksks `bsks lbh hoh `bsks pblb ueuehyb lklbsbrcbh btbs hkabk tbe`bm
btbupuh abpbhfbh cirgb (\brkfbh, 044:7 0;). Crktirkb `bsks btbu uhffuabh khk
eihffbe`brcbh sictor btbu abpbhfbh cirgb ybhf eie`irkcbh hkabk tbe`bm pbakhf
`bhybc `bfk cifkbtbh icohoek. ^iaurum cifkbtbh ybhf hoh uhffuabh eirupbcbh sictorybhf mbhyb eieihumk ci`utumbh aocba tbhpb ciebepubh uhtuc eiabybhk lbirbm
aubrhyb (icspor).
Eihurut \brkfbh (044:), sictor `bsks icohoek subtu wkabybm lbpbt lkbhbaksks
lihfbh tichkc Aonbtkoh Ruotkiht (AR), ybktu subtu pir`bhlkhfbh tihtbhf `isbrhyb
pirbhbh subtu sictor/khlustrk lk subtu lbirbm tirmblbp `isbrhyb pirbhbh sictor/khlustrk
tirsi`ut sinbrb hbskohba. Tirmktuhfbh AR lbabe eiekabm cifkbtbh sictor uhffuabh lbh
hoh uhffuabh lbpbt eihffuhbcbh vbrkb`ia abpbhfbh cirgb, pihlbpbtbh btbu ucurbh abkh
ybhf eihuhguccbh hkabk bctkvktbs icohoek.
Tihkhfcbtbh pihlbpbtbh lk sictor `bsks bcbh eihlorohf cihbkcbh pihlbpbtbh lk
sictor hoh`bsks lbabe `ihtuc coriabsk ybhf ai`km citbt lk`bhlkhfcbh lihfbh
eihffuhbcbh vbrkb`ia abpbhfbh cirgb (\brkfbh, 044:7 >0). Babt bhbaksks AR
eihfmbskacbh khlics 2 (sbtu) si`bfbk ucurbh ciuhffuabh subtu sictor/abpbhfbh cirgb.
Bhfcb 2 eihuhguccbh ciuhffuabh coepbrbtkj, ai`km lbrk 2 eihuhguccbh ciebepubh
sictor tirsi`ut uhtuc eieihumk ci`utumbh wkabybm lbh `bmcbh eihficspor, silbhfcbh
curbhf lbrk 2 eihuhguccbh `bmwb sictor tirsi`ut mbhyb eiabybhk akhfcup wkabybm
sitiepbt lbh `bmcbh pirau pihbe`bmbh lbabe `ihtuc kepor.
Tie`bmbsbh eihfihbk AR tklbc aipbs lbrk cohsip ciuhffuabh coepbrbtkj
(noepbrbtkvi blvbhtbfi). Eihurut \brkfbh (044:7 6;), ciuhffuabh coepbrbtkj subtu
coeolktk `bfk subtu hifbrb btbu lbirbm blbabm `bmwb coeolktk ktu ai`km uhffua sinbrb
riabtkj lihfbh coeolktk abkh lk lbirbmhyb. Tihfirtkbh uhffua lbabe mba khk blbabm lbabe
`ihtuc pir`bhlkhfbh lbh `ucbh lbabe `ihtuc hkabk tbe`bm rkka.Lbabe pirlbfbhfbh `i`bs bhtbrlbirbm, eicbhksei pbsbr eihlorohf ebskhf-
ebskhf lbirbm `irfirbc ci brbm sictor ybhf lbirbmhyb eiekakck ciuhffuabh coepbrbtkj
(\brkfbh, 044:7 =4). Eisckpuh lbabe `ihtuc ciuhffuabh coepbrbtkj lbh `ucbhhyb
ciuhffuabh hkabk tbe`bm rkka hbeuh sictor uhffua bcbh ai`km `irebhjbbt lbabe
eihlorohf ckhirgb piricohoekbh. Eolia eicbhksei pbsbr ybhf tirgblk gufb bcbh
eihfu`bm structur icohoek lbirbm eisckpuh abe`bt, bcbh titbpk lihfbh pirihnbhbbh
ybhf tipbt oaim pieirkhtbm lbirbm, cihlbab abe`bthyb eicbhksei pbsbr lbpbt
lkekhkebaksbsk eiabauk profrbe sictor-sictor ybhf lkutbebcbh.
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Eihffuhbcbh AR si`bfbk pituhguc blbhyb ciuhffuabh coepbrbtkj lbpbt
lkfuhbcbh `bfk sictor-sictor ybhf tiabm abeb `ircie`bhf, silbhfcbh `bfk sictor ybhf
`bru btbu silbhf tue`um bpbabfk ybhf `iaue pirhbm blb, AR tklbc lbpbt lkfuhbcbhcbrihb proluc totbahyb `iaue eihffbe`brcbh cbpbsktbs rkka lbirbm tirsi`ut (\brkfbh,
044:7 =>).
KKK. CIPBHFCB COH^IT\YBA@irlbsbrcbh ubrbkbh lk btbs, ebcb lk`ihtuc cirbhfcb cohsiptuba si`bfbk
`irkcut7
Fbe`br >.2
Cirbhfcb Cohsiptuba
Totihsk Icohoek Vkabybm
Tirtue`umbh IcohoekCohtrk`usk ^ictorbaTLP@
Tihihtubh ^ictor @bsks
lbh Hoh @bsks (AR)
^ictor @bsks
^cor Bhbaksks AR lbh
klihtkjkcbsk structur icohoek
eiabauk tkpoaofk lbirbm
Tirihnbhbbh pie`bhfuhbh
wkabybm `irlbsbrcbh ci`utumbh
pihfie`bhfbh sictor `bsks TCV
\kpoaofk Cabssih
^ictor Hoh @bsks
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
b) Pbsko pirtue`umbh wkabybm rijirihsk (PTr )
PTr 5
`)
Pbsko pirtue`umbh wkabybm stulk (PTs)
PTs 5
Lkebhb7
∊IkP
IkP (t)∊IP
IP (t)∊Ikg
Ikg(t)
5
5
5
55
5
Tiru`bmbh pihlbpbtbh sictor k lk Cb`. ^ue`bwb
Tihlbpbtbh sictor k lk Cb`. ^ue`bwb bwba pirkoli pihiaktkbh
Tiru`bmbh TLP@ lk Cb`. ^ue`bwb
TLP@ lk Cb`. ̂ ue`bwb pblb bwba pirkoli pihiaktkbhTiru`bmbh pihlbpbtbh sictor k lk TCV/TCA
Tihlbpbtbh sictor k lk TCV/TCA bwba pirkoli pihiaktkbh
\kpoaofk Cabssih lktihtucbh lihfbh iepbt cbtifork `irkcut7
b)
^ictor Trkeb (Cublrbh K)
^ictor khk eirupbcbh sictor ybhf ebgu lbh nipbt-tue`um, ybktu sictor ybhf
eiekakck tkhfcbt pirtue`umbh lbh cohtrk`usk tirmblbp TLP@ ybhf ai`km tkhffk
lk`bhlkhf tkhfcbt pirtue`umbh lbh cohtrk`usk sictor ybhf sbeb pblb TLP@
cb`upbtih.
`) ^ictor Totihskba (Cublrbh KK)
Eirupbcbh sictor ebgu tbpk tirticbh, ybktu eirupbcbh sictor ybhf eiekakck
cohtrk`usk tirmblbp TLP@ ybhf ai`km tkhffk, titbpk tkhfcbt pirtue`umbhhyb
ai`km rihlbm lk`bhlkhf sictor ybhf sbeb pblb TLP@ cb`upbtih.
n) ^ictor @ircie`bhf (Cublrbh KKK)
^ictor nipbt tue`um, blbabm sictor ybhf eiekakck tkhfcbt pirtue`umbh tkhffk,
bcbh titbpk cohtrk`uskhyb tirmblbp TLP@ ai`km rihlbm lk`bhlkhf sictor ybhf
sbeb pblb TLP@ cb`upbtih.
l)
^ictor \ir`iabcbhf (Cublrbh KZ)
Eirupbcbh ^ictor riabtkj tirtkhffba, ybktu eiekakck tkhfcbt pirtue`umbh
icohoek lbh cohtrk`usk ai`km rihlbm lk`bhlkhf sictor ybhf sbeb pblb TLP@
cb`upbtih.
∊IkP/IkP (t)∊IP/IP (t)
∊Ikg/Ikg(t)∊IP/IP (t)
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
Fbe`br = lkkcutk sictor pihfbhfcutbh lbh coeuhkcbsk (2,0= 2,>= 2,>= 2,>=
< Akstrkc, Fbs, & Bkr @irskm 2,2: 2,2: 2,2: 2,2:
9 @bhfuhbh 2,29 2,29 2,2: 2,29
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
:
Tirlbfbhfbh, Motia, &
Pist.2,4< 2,4< 2,4< 2,4<
6Tihfbhfcutbh &Coeuhkcbsk
2,0< 2,0< 2,0< 2,0<
=@bhc, Ysbmb Tirs. & Gbsb
Tirus.2,2< 2,29 2,26 2,29
; Gbsb-gbsb 2,20 2,2> 2, Khlustrk Tihfoabmbh 2,:6 2,:9 2,:9 2,::
< Akstrkc, Fbs, & Bkr @irskm 4,60 4,62 4,62 4,62
9 @bhfuhbh 4, 4, 4, 4,
: Tirlbfbhfbh, Motia, &Pist.
2,2: 2,29 2,2: 2,2:
6Tihfbhfcutbh &
Coeuhkcbsk4,=2 4,=2 4,66 4,=4
=@bhc, Ysbmb Tirs. & Gbsb
Tirs.2,49 2,49 2,4: 2,49
; Gbsb-gbsb 4,=0 4,=2 4,=4 4,=2
^ue`ir7 Lbtb lkoabm
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
Tircie`bhfbh khlustrk pihfoabmbh lk TCA Babs `bmcbh ai`km tkhffk lbrk TCV
^ue`bwb (akmbt \b`ia TCA Auhyuc @irlbsbrcbh \b`ia 9.>, rbtb-rbtb AR TCA Auhyuc pblb sictor pirtbe`bhfbh lbh
pihffbakbh eihnbpbk 0, ;< eihuhguccbh loekhbsk sictor khk lk wkabybm tirsi`ut. sictor
uhffuabh abkh mbhyb `bhfuhbh lihfbh AR 2,0>. \khffkhyb cohtrk`usk pirtbe`bhfbh
lksi`b`cbh eihkhfcbthyb prolucsk ebtirkba `bhfuhbh sipirtk pbskr uruf lbh cirkcka.
^ictor `bhfuhbh eisckpuh eihfbabek pihururbh hbeuh ebskm eiekakck ciuhffuabhcoepbrbtkj, mba tirsi`ut lkpknu oaim lkeuabkhyb `ir`bfbk pie`bhfuhbh sbrbhb lbh
prbsbrbhb lk cinbebtbh Auhyuc.
\b`ia 9.>
Mbska Tirmktuhfbh AR TCA Auhyuc
Ho Abpbhfbh Ysbmb Hkabk AR Pbtb-
rbtb0424 0422 0420
2 Tirtbhkbh 4,;6 4,;= 4,;; 4,;=
0Tirtbe`bhfbh &
Tihffbakbh0,;0 0,;< 0,;: 0,;<
> Khlustrk Tihfoabmbh 4, 2,02 2,0>
:Tirlbfbhfbh, Motia, &
Pist.4,;2 4,;4 4,;4 4,;4
6Tihfbhfcutbh &
Coeuhkcbsk4,;; 2,44 4,;= 4,;;
=@bhc, Ysbmb Tirs. & Gbsb
Tirs.4,6; 4,6= 4,6= 4,6=
; Gbsb-gbsb 4,== 4,== 4,== 4,==
^ue`ir7 Lbtb lkoabm^i`bfkbh `isbr sictor pblb TCA Auhyuc `ircbtifork hoh uhffuabh ybktu
pirtbhkbh (4,;=)3 khlustrk pihfoabmbh (4,)3
pirlbfbhfbh, motia, lbh ristorbh (4,;4)3 pihfbhfcutbh lbh coeuhkcbsk (4,;;)3 `bhc,
usbmb pirsiwbbh, lbh gbsb pirusbmbbh (4,6=)3 gbsb-gbsb (4,==). Cisie`kabh sictor
mbepkr tklbc eihfbabek piru`bmbh cohtrk`usk, tirutbeb khlustrk pihfoabmbh lbh
pirtbhkbh ybhf simbrushyb lbpbt `irpirbh ai`km `isbr. ^ictor khlustrk ybhf ueuehyb
lkguepbk lk wkabybm pilisbbh blbabm khlustrk cinka (ekcro) lbh cirbgkhbh
ruebmtbhffb. Lk Cinbebtbh Auhyuc sictor khk eiakputk khlustrk pie`ubtbh `btu
`btb, khlustrk pie`ubtbh fihtihf, khlustrk ei`ia, khlustrk pihffkakhfbh pblk lbh
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
cirbgkhbh ruebm tbhffb. Ysbmb tirsi`ut pirau eihlbpbt lucuhfbh ai`km `isbr uhtuc
eihkhfcbtcbh ciuhffuabhhyb lbh cohtrk`usk tirmblbp piricohoekbh TCA Auhyuc bfbr
tklbc tirabau `irfbhtuhf pblb hkabk pirtbe`bhfbh lbh pihffbakbh.
9.2.> TCA AihbhffubrCinbebtbh Aihbhffubr eirupbcbh mbska pieicbrbh lbrk cinbebtbh Popbhf
pblb tbmuh 044:. Mbska bhbaksks AR rbtb-rbtb pblb TCA Aihbhffubr lkebhb lbrk
sie`kabh sictor tirlbpbt tkfb sictor `ircbtifork uhffuabh ybktu pirtbe`bhfbh (2,6=)3
`bhfuhbh (2,02)3 lbh gbsb-gbsb (2,>0). Citkfb sictor potihskba khk sbakhf tircbkt
lksi`b`cbh bctkjktbs sictor `bhfuhbh lbpbt eiepihfbrumk pirekhtbbh tirmblbp ebtirkba
`bhfuhbh ybhf ltbe`bhf sipirtk pbskr lbh cirkcka, silbhfcbh sictor gbsb-gbsb eisckpuh
eihfbabek pihuruhbh cohtrk`usk hbeuh ebskm `ksb lkbhlbacbh lbabe piricohoekbh
TCA Aihbhffubr.
Khlustrk pihfoabmbh eihgblk sictor lihfbh hkabk AR tirihlbm lbabe ciaoepochoh uhffuabh ybhf tirlkrk lbrk pirtbhkbh (4,;=)3 khlustrk pihfoabmbh (4,>0)3 akstrkc, fbs,
lbh bkr `irskm (4,=2)3 pirlbfbhfbh, motia, lbh ristorbh (4,= Khlustrk Tihfoabmbh 4,>2 4,>0 4,>0 4,>0
< Akstrkc, Fbs, & Bkr @irskm 4,=2 4,=2 4,=2 4,=2
9 @bhfuhbh 2,00 2,02 2,2; 2,02
:Tirlbfbhfbh, Motia, &
Pist.4,=< 4,=< 4,=> 4,=<
6Tihfbhfcutbh &
Coeuhkcbsk4,;2 4,;0 4,;2 4,;0
=@bhc, Ysbmb Tirs. & Gbsb
Tirs.4,=6 4,=6 4,== 4,==
; Gbsb-gbsb 2,>0 2,>2 2,>2 2,>0^ue`ir7 Lbtb lkoabm
^ictor pirtbhkbh `irpotihsk eihgblk uhffuabh cbrihb sictor khk eihfbabek
pihkhfcbtbh cohtrk`usk siabeb curuh tkfb tbmuh, bpbabfk lihfbh potihsk babe jaorb lbh
jbuhb ybhf lkekakck oaim cbwbsbh khk. cihlbab ybhf eieuhfckhcbh lbabe
pihfie`bhfbhhyb blbabm topofrbjk simkhffb pieirkhtbm lbirbm pirau eie`bhfuh
khjrbstructur ybhf hbhtkhyb bcbh eihbrkc ekhbt khvistor.
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
9.2.
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>2
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
:.==0 icor sbpk, ;< icor cir`bu lbh 20: icor culb, simkhffb wbgbr lbabe tkfb tbmuh
tirsi`ut sictor pirtbhkh eihfbabek pihkhfcbtbh cohtrk`usk.
\B@IA 9.:Mbska Tirmktuhfbh AR TCA Ab`bhfcb
Ho Abpbhfbh Ysbmb Hkabk AR Pbtb-
rbtb0424 0422 0420
2 Tirtbhkbh 2,0: 2,0: 2,06 2,06
0Tirtbe`bhfbh &
Tihffbakbh2.9> 2,96 2,9; 2,9:
> Khlustrk Tihfoabmbh 4,04 4,04 4,04 4,04
< Akstrkc, Fbs, & Bkr @irskm 4,;4 4,== 4,=: 4,==
9 @bhfuhbh 4,;9 4,;: 4,;9 4,;9
: Tirlbfbhfbh, Motia, &Pist.
4,:: 4,:: 4,:: 4,::
6Tihfbhfcutbh &
Coeuhkcbsk4,== 4,=6 4,=: 4,=6
=@bhc, Ysbmb Tirs. & Gbsb
Tirs.4,6> 4,6> 4,6< 4,6>
; Gbsb-gbsb 2,,4> 2,40 2,40 2,40
^ue`ir7 Lbtb lkoabm
^ictor pirtbe`bhfbh lbh pihffbakbh eihfbabek pihkhfcbtbh lbabe tkfb tbmuh
tirsi`ut hbeuh lkkcutk gufb oaim pihuruhbh sictor akstrkc, fbs, lbh bkr `irskm3 pihfbhfcutbh lbh coeuhkcbsk3 lbh gbsb-gbsb. Cohtrk`usk tirihlbm ybktu sictor khlustrk
pihfoabmbh, `bmcbh ai`km rihlbm lbrk sictor ybhf sbeb pblb TCV/TCA abkhhyb (4,00).
Khlustrk pihfoabmbh rbtb-rbtb tklbc tue`um nucup `bkc lk cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb,
eisckpuh tirgblk pihuruhbh cohtrk`usk sictor prkeir lk `klbhf pirtbhkbh lbabe TLP@
cb`upbtih. Ab`bhfcb lkgblkcbh sbabm sbtu wkabybm `bsks `bfk pihfmbska gbfuhf lk
cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb lbh lkmbrbpcbh mba tirsi`ut eiwugulcbh vksk cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb
si`bfbk cbwbsbh bfrk`kshks.
9.2.: Tir`bhlkhfbh AR Ebskhf-ebskhf TCV/TCACisiaurumbh mbska AR pir sictor pblb ebskhf-ebskhf TCV/TCA eie`irkcbh
fbe`brbh tihtbhf pir`bhlkhfbh cohtrk`usk btbu sictor ybhf eihohgoa lbh tir`iabcbhf.TCV ^ue`bwb eiekakck sictor uhffuabh ybhf ai`km `bhybc lbh lkloekhbsk sictor
sicuhlir lbh tirskir, mba khk lksi`b`cbh oaim aocbsk TCV ybhf tirebsuc wkabybm
k`ucotb cb`upbtih si`bfbk pusbt pirtue`umbh icohoek lbh pusbt pieirkhtbmbh,
silbhfcbh posksk TCA Auhyuc si`bfbk wkabybm lihfbh sictor uhffuabh pbakhf silkckt.
Cinbebtbh Auhyuc gufb eirupbcbh eirupbcbh wkabybm ybhf `irpihluluc gbrbhf
simkhffb bctkjktbs icohoek `iaue tirabau pblbt. Tieirkhtbm Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb
eihgblkcbh Auhyuc si`bfbk cbwbsbh tugubh trbhsekfrbsk `i`irbpb wkabybm sipirtk @bak,
Aoe`oc, lbh Gbwb.
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>0
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
@irlbsbrcbh \b`ia 9.6, pirtbhkbh eirupbcbh uhffuabh lk TCA Babs, TCA
Iepbhf, lbh TCA Ab`bhfcb. ^ictor pirtbe`bhfbh lbh pihffbakbh uhffuabh lk TCA
Babs, TCA Auhyuc, TCA Aihbhffubr, lbh TCA Ab`bhfcb. Khlustrk pihfoabmbh uhffualk TCV ^ue`bwb lbh TCA Babs. Akstrkc, fbs, lbh bkr `irskm eihgblk sictor uhffuabh
pblb TCV ^ue`bwb lbh TCA Iepbhf. ^ictor `bhfuhbh uhffuabh lk TCV ^ue`bwb,
TCA Auhyuc, TCA Aihbhffubr, lbh TCA Iepbhf lihfbh AR tirtkhffk lkpiroaim TCA
Babs.
\b`ia 9.6
Tir`bhlkhfbh Mbska Bhbaksks AR
Ho Abpbhfbh
Ysbmb
TCV/TCA
^ue`bwb Babs AuhyucAihbhf-
fubrIepbhf Ab`bhfcb
2 Tirtbhkbh 4.=0 2.22 4.;= 4.;= 2.06 2.06
0Tirtbe`bhfbh
& Tihffbakbh 4.6; 2.46 0.;< 2.6= 4.Khlustrk
Tihfoabmbh 2.>= 2.:: 4.0 4.0< 4.0
<Akstrkc, Fbs, &
Bkr @irskm 2.2: 4.62 4.=> 4.=2 2.2 4.==
9 @bhfuhbh 2.29 4. 2.0> 2.02 2.4= 4.;9
:Tirlbfbhfbh,
Motia, & Pist. 2.4< 2.2: 4.; 4.=< 4.=: 4.::
6Tihfbhfcutbh& Coeuhkcbsk 2.0< 4.= 4.;; 4.;0 4.66 4.=6
=@bhc, YsbmbTirs. & Gbsb
Tirs. 2.29 2.49 4.6= 4.== 4.6: 4.6>
; Gbsb-gbsb 2.00 4.=2 4.== 2.>0 4.6< 2.40
^ue`ir7 Lbtb lkoabm
^ictor pirlbfbhfbh, motia lbh ristorbh eihgblk sictor uhffuabh lk TCV
^ue`bwb lbh TCA Babs. ^ictor pihfbhfcutbh lbh coeuhkcbsk uhffua mbhyb lk TCV
^ue`bwb. ^ictor `bhc, gbsb pirsiwbbh lbh gbsb pirusbmbbh uhffuabh lk TCV
^ue`bwb lbh TCA Babs, sirtb sictor gbsb-gbsb ybhf eihgblk uhffuabh lk TCV
^ue`bwb, TCA Aihbhffubr, lbh TCA Ab`bhfcb.
9.0 Bhbaksks ^tructur Icohoek/ \kpoaofk Cabssih
9.0.2 TCV ^ue`bwb@irlbsbrcbh Abepkrbh ZKK, siaurum sictor pblb TCV ^ue`bwb eiekakck rbsko
pirtue`umbh wkabybm stulk ybhf ai`km tkhffk lbrk pblb wkabybm rijirihsk ybhf brtkhyb
TCV ^ue`bwb eihyue`bhf pirtue`umbh tir`isbr lk tkhfcbt cb`upbtih lbh eiekakck
pirtue`umbh ybhf posktkj (PTs82) ybktu sictor pirtbhkbh (2,42)3 pirtbe`bhfbh lbh
pihffbakbh (2,2:)3 akstrkc, fbs, lbh bkr `irskm (2,>0)3 `bhfuhbh (2,)3 pihfbhfcutbh lbh coeuhkcbsk (2,4;)3 lbh pir`bhcbh (2,09). Tirpblubh mbska
bhbaksks AR lbh rbsko pirtue`umbh eihfmbskacbh tkpoaofk sictor-sictor ybhf
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>>
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
eie`ihtuc structur icohoek TCV ^ue`bwb, sipirtk ybhf lktuhguccbh oaim tb`ia
`irkcut7
\b`ia 9.=
\kpoaofk ̂ ictorba TCV ̂ ue`bwb
Pbtb-rbtb rbsko
pirtue`umbh sintor
PTs1PTr PTs8PTr
Pbtb-rbtb Cohtrk`usk
sintor
AR 2
@ircie`bhf7Tirtbhkbh3 Tirtbe`bhfbh
lbh Tihffbakbh
Trkeb7Khlustrk Tihfoabmbh3
Akstrkc, Fbs, & Bkr
@irskm3 @bhfuhbh3
Tirlbfbhfbh, Motia,
& Pistorbh3
Tihfbhfcutbh &
Coeuhkcbsk3 @bhc,
Ysbmb Tirsiwbbh &
Gbsb Tirusbmbbh3
Gbsb-gbsb
AR 1 2 \ir`iabcbhf7-
Totihskba7-
^ue`ir7 Lbtb lkoabm
^tructur icohoek TCV ^ue`bwb lklucuhf oaim sictor tirskir ybhf eihgblk
uhffuabh sicbakfus eiekakck pirtue`umbh lk btbs rbtb-rbtb cb`upbtih btbu
lkcbtiforkcbh si`bfbk sictor ybhf ebgu lbh `ircie`bhf nipbt. ^ictor piricohoekbh
TCV ^ue`bwb `ircksbr pblb cublrbh K lbh KKK. Cublrbh K btbu sictor prkeb ybktu
khlustrk pihfoabmbh3 akstrkc, fbs, & bkr `irskm3 `bhfuhbh3 pirlbfbhfbh, motia, &
ristorbh3 pihfbhfcutbh & coeuhkcbsk3 `bhc, usbmb pirsiwbbh & gbsb pirusbmbbh3 gbsb-
gbsb. ^ilbhfcbh cublrbh KKK btbu sictor nipbt tue`um ybktu pirtbhkbh3 pirtbe`bhfbh
lbh pihffbakbh.
9.0.0 TCA BabsTCA Babs sipirtk ybhf lktuhguccbh pblb Abepkrbh ZKKK, eiekakck sictor prkeir,
sicuhlir lbh tirskir ybhf lkcbtiforkcbh uhffua sinbrb coepbrbtkj. ^ictor prkeir
cilubhyb `irpotihsk uhtuc lkcie`bhfcbh, lbrk sksk sicuhlir khlustrk pihfoabmbh nucup
`bkc lihfbh AR 2,::.
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>9
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
\b`ia 9.24
\kpoaofk ̂ ictorba TCA Auhyuc
Pbtb-rbtb rbsko pirtue`umbh sictor
PTs1PTr PTs8PTr
Pbtb-rbtb Cohtrk`usk
sintor
AR 2 @ircie`bhf7Tirtbhkbh3
Trkeb7Tirtbe`bhfbh lbh
Tihffbakbh3
AR 1 2
\ir`iabcbhf7
Khlustrk Tihfoabmbh3Akstrkc, Fbs, & Bkr
@irskm3 Tirlbfbhfbh,
Motia, & Pistorbh3
Tihfbhfcutbh &
Coeuhkcbsk3 @bhc,
Ysbmb Tirsiwbbh & Gbsb
Tirusbmbbh3 Gbsb-gbsb
Totihskba7
@bhfuhbh3
^ue`ir7 Lbtb lkoabm
TCA Auhyuc eiekakck ciuhffuabh mbhyb pblb sictor pirtbe`bhfbh (prkeir)
lbh tirskir (`bhfuhbh). Cilub sictor tirsi`ut `ircie`bhf `bkc cbrihb sbakhf tirmu`uhfeihfkhfbt TCA Auhyuc eirupbcbh wkabybm ybhf cbyb bcbh pihbe`bhfbh ebtirkba
eihtbm `bhfuhbh. @irlbsbrcbh tkpoaofk lbirbm, TCA Auhyuc eihiepbtk ciiepbt
cublrbh, sictor ebgu lbh nipbt tue`um tirlkrk lbrk pirtbe`bhfbh. Cublrbh KK tirlkrk
lbrk sictor `bhfuhbh. Cublrbh KKK tirlkrk lbrk pirtbhkbh lbh cublrbh KZ tirlkrk lbrk
khlustrk pihfoabmbh3 akstrkc, fbs, lbh bkr `irskm3 pirlbfbhfbh, motia lbh ristorbh3 `bhc,
usbmb pirsiwbbh, lbh gbsb pirusbmbbh3 lbh gbsb-gbsb.
9.0.< TCA AihbhffubrTirtue`umbh sictor-sictor lk TCA Aihbhffubr si`bfkbh `isbr hifbtkj. ^ictor-
sictor lihfbh pirtue`umbh posktkj sipirtk akstrkc, fbs lbh bkr `irskm3 pirlbfbhfbh, motia,
lbh ristorbh (ebskhf-ebskhf 2,2> lbh 2,4
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>:
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
\b`ia 9.22
\kpoaofk ̂ ictorba TCA Aihbhffubr
Pbtb-rbtb rbsko pirtue`umbh sictor
PTs1PTr PTs8PTr
Pbtb-rbtb Cohtrk`usk
sintor
AR 2
@ircie`bhf7Tirtbhkbh3 Khlustrk
Tihfoabmbh3 @bhc, Ysbmb
Tirsiwbbh & Gbsb
Tirusbmbbh3
Trkeb7
-
AR 1 2
\ir`iabcbhf7Akstrkc, Fbs, & Bkr
@irskm3 Tirlbfbhfbh,
Motia, & Pistorbh3
Tihfbhfcutbh &
Coeuhkcbsk
Totihskba7Tirtbe`bhfbh lbh
Tihffbakbh3
@bhfuhbh3 Gbsb-gbsb
^ue`ir7 Lbtb lkoabm
TCA Aihbhffubr eiekakck structur icohoek ybhf lk`ihtuc oaim cohtrk`usk
sictor prkeir lbh tirskir. @irlbsbrcbh \b`ia 9.22, ciuhffuabh coepbrbtkj lkekakck oaim
sictor pirtbe`bhfbh (2,6=)3 `bhfuhbh (2,02)3 lbh gbsb-gbsb (2,>0). ^ieihtbrb ktu,tkpoaofk lbirbm pblb \b`ia 0).
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>6
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
\b`ia 9.20
\kpoaofk ̂ ictorba TCA Iepbhf
Pbtb-rbtb rbsko pirtue`umbh sictor
PTs1PTr PTs8PTr
Pbtb-rbtb Cohtrk`usk
sintor
AR 2
@ircie`bhf7Tirtbe`bhfbh lbh
Tihffbakbh3 Khlustrk
Tihfoabmbh3
Trkeb7Tirtbhkbh3 @bhfuhbh3
AR 1 2
\ir`iabcbhf7Tirlbfbhfbh, Motia, &
Pistorbh3 Tihfbhfcutbh
& Coeuhkcbsk3 @bhc,
Ysbmb Tirsiwbbh & Gbsb
Tirusbmbbh3 Gbsb-gbsb
Totihskba7Akstrkc, Fbs, & Bkr
@irskm3
^ue`ir7 Lbtb lkoabm
@irlbsbrcbh \b`ia 9.20, pie`ihtuc structur icohoek TCA Iepbhf `irvbrkbsk,
sictor prkorktbs tirlkrk lbrk sictor pirtbhkbh3 lbh `bhfuhbh. ^ictor ybhf ebgu tirticbh
mbhyb akstrkc, fbs, lbh bkr `irskm. ^ictor nipbt ebgu hbeuh sinbrb cohtrk`usk curbhf
ybktu pirtbe`bhfbh lbh pihffbakbh3 lbh khlustrk pihfoabmbh. ^ictor tir`iabcbhf tirlkrklbrk pirlbfbhfbh, motia, lbh ristorbh3 pihfbhfcutbh lbh coeuhkcbsk3 `bhc, usbmb
pirsiwbbh lbh gbsb pirusbmbbh, lbrk ciiepbt sictor tirsi`ut pirlbfbhfbh tue`um
posktkj lbabe curuh tkfb tbmuh. ^iabkh TCA Babs, TCA Iepbhf gufb `irpotihsk uhtuc
eihgblk pusbt cifkbtbh wkabybm siabkh TCV ^ue`bwb.
9.0.: TCA Ab`bhfcbTCA Ab`bhfcb mbhyb eiekakck sbtu sictor lihfbh pirtue`umbh loekhbh ybktu
pirtbe`bhfbh lbh pihffbakbh (2,22). Tirtue`umbh hifbtkj lkbabek oaim sictor
pirtbhkbh3 khlustrk pihfoabmbh3 akstrkc, fbs, lbh bkr `irskm3 pihfbhfcutbh lbh
coeuhkcbsk3 `bhc, usbmb pirsiwbbh, lbh gbsb pirusbmbbh3 lbh gbsb-gbsb. ^ilbhfcbh
sictor ybhf eihfbabek pirtue`umbh posktkj ybktu pirtbe`bhfbh3 `bhfuhbh3
pirlbfbhfbh, motia, lbh ristorbh. ^tructur icohoek TCA Ab`bhfcb `irlbsbrcbh
ciuhffuabh coepbrbtkjhyb lk`ihtuc oaim sictor prkeir lbh tirskir. ^ictor prkeir
tirlkrk lbrk pirtbhkbh lbh pirtbe`bhfbh, silbhfcbh sictor tirskir mbhyb tirlkrk lbrk gbsb-
gbsb.
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>=
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
\b`ia 9.2>
\kpoaofk ̂ ictorba TCA Ab`bhfcb
Pbtb-rbtb rbsko pirtue`umbh sictor
PTs1PTr PTs8PTr
Pbtb-rbtb Cohtrk`usk
sintor
AR 2 @ircie`bhf7-
Trkeb7Tirtbe`bhfbh lbh
Tihffbakbh3
AR 1 2
\ir`iabcbhf7
Khlustrk Tihfoabmbh3Akstrkc, Fbs, & Bkr
@irskm3 @bhfuhbh3
Tirlbfbhfbh, Motia, &
Pistorbh3 Tihfbhfcutbh
& Coeuhkcbsk3 @bhc,
Ysbmb Tirsiwbbh & Gbsb
Tirusbmbbh3
Totihskba7
Tirtbhkbh3 Gbsb-gbsb
^ue`ir7 Lbtb lkoabm
@irlbsbrcbh \b`ia 9.2>, TCA Ab`bhfcb tklbc eiekakck sictor uhffua lihfbh
pirtue`umbh tkhffk (cublrbh KKK). Cublrbh K tirlkrk lbrk pirtbe`bhfbh, cublrbh KKtirlkrk lbrk pirtbhkbh lbh gbsb-gbsb, silbhfcbh sksbhyb eihiepbtk cublrbh KZ ybktu
khlustk pihfoabmbh3 akstrkc, fbs, lbh bkr `irskm3 `bhfuhbh3 pirlbfbhfbh, motia lbh
ristorbh3 pihfbhfcutbh lbh coeuhkcbsk3 `bhc, usbmb pirsiwbbh, lbh gbsb pirusbmbbh3
gbsb-gbsb. ^ictor sicuhlir lbh si`bfkbh sictor tirskir ybhf eihiepbtk cbtifork
tir`iabcbhf eihuhguccbh TCA Ab`bhfcb `iaue ebgu.
ZK. CI^KETYABH LBH ̂ BPBH
:.2 Ciskepuabh2. ^ictor uhffuabh ybhf lkekakck oaim ebskhf-ebskhf Tusbt Cifkbtbh
Vkabybm/Tusbt Cifkbtbh Aocba mbepkr sbeb. TCV ^ue`bwb eirupbcbh
wkabybm lihfbh sictor uhffuabh tir`bhybc eiekakck 6 sictor. TCA Babs
eiekakck 9 sictor uhffuabh. ^ilbhfcbh TCA Auhyuc tirlbpbt 0 sictor
uhffuabh. TCA Aihbhffubr eiekakck > sictor uhffuabh, TCA Iepbhf tirlbpbt
> sictor uhffuabh, TCA Ab`bhfcb gufb eiekakck > sictor uhffuabh. ^inbrb
cisiaurumbh, sictor uhffuabh ybhf lkekakck oaim TCV/TCA blbabm sictor
prkeir lbh tirskir. Tirtbe`bhfbh lbh pihffbakbh eihloekhbsk lk sictor prkeir
silbhfcbh `bhfuhbh eihloekhbsk lk sictor tirskir.
0. @irlbsbrcbh tkpoaofk, TCV ^ue`bwb lk`ihtuc oaim 6 sictor ebgu nipbt
tue`um lbh 0 sictor `ircie`bhf ybhf brtkhyb piricohoekbh sulbm ebgu.
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>;
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
^ilbhfcbh TCA Babs lksusuh oaim > sictor ebgu nipbt tue`um, 0 sictor ebgu
tirticbh lbh < sictor tir`iabcbhf. Coeposksk structur icohoek TCA Auhyuc
tirlkrk lbrk 2 sictor ebgu nipbt tue`um, 2 sictor ebgu tirticbh, 2 sictor nipbttue`um, lbh < sictor tir`iabcbhf. TCA Aihbhffubr structur icohoekhyb
tirsusuh btbs > sictor ebgu tirticbh, > sictor nipbt tue`um lbh > sictor
tir`iabcbhf. ^ieihtbrb ktu, TCA Iepbhf tirlkrk lbrk 0 sictor ebgu nipbt
tue`um, 2 sictor ebgu tirticbh, > sictor nipbt tue`um lbh > sictor tir`iabcbhf.
TCA Ab`bhfcb tirlkrk lbrk 2 sictor ebgu nipbt tue`um, 0 sictor ebgu tirticbh
lbh : sictor tir`iabcbhf.
:.0 ̂ brbh2. Cipblb pieirkhtbm lbirbm uhtuc eie`ubt pirihnbhbbh pie`bhfuhbh ybhf
sisubk lihfbh potihsk ybhf lkcie`bhfcbh oaim ebsybrbcbt lk wkabybmhyb
ebskhf-ebskhf, si`bfbkebhb abtbr `iabcbhf pihiaktkbh khk lkmbrbpcbh ebepueiriprihtbskcbh cohlksk icohoek lbabe akhfcup wkabybm ybhf ai`km cinka.
0.
Cipblb pieirkhtbm lbirbm bfbr eiepirmbtkcbh cisihgbhfbh pie`bhfuhbh lk
ebskhf-ebskhf TCV/TCA lbpbt lkfbe`brcbh eiabauk pirtue`umbh lbh
cohtrk`usk ybhf lk`irkcbh sictor piricohoekbh lbabe TLP@, oaim si`b` ktu
cihlbab pirtue`umbh ybhf lkbabek oaim ebskhf-ebskhf wkabybm lbpbt lkliticsk
oaim pieirkhtbm lbirbm pblb sictor-sictor ybhf eihfbabek ciaiebmbh
cohtrk`usk lbh pirtue`umbh.
LBJ\BP TY^\BCB@blbh Tusbt ^tbtkstkc. 042>. Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb Lbabe Bhfcb 0420. @T^ Cb`upbtih
^ue`bwb, ^ue`bwb @isbr.
@bppilb Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb. 0422. Pihnbhb Tie`bhfuhbh Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb
0422 - 0429. @bppilb Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb, ^ue`bwb @isbr.
Brsybl, Akhnoakh. 044. Tiricohoekbh Khlohiskb, @i`irbpb Ebsbabm Tihtkhf .
Gbcbrtb7 Tihir`kt Fbakb Khlohiskb.
\brkfbh, Po`khsoh. 0446. Icohoek Pifkohba, \iork lbh Bpakcbsk (ilksk rivksk). Gbcbrtb7
T\. @uek Bcsbrb.
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. Bhbaksks Tirfisirbh ^tructur Icohoek
lbh Klihtkjkcbsk ^ictor Totihskba Vkabybm Tihfie`bhfbh (^tulk Cbsus lk
Cb`upbtih @icbsk, Trovkhsk Gbwb @brbt). Gurhba ^onkba oj Bfrknuaturba , Zoa. 0 Ho. 2, Bprka 042>, 6 „ 0=. Jbcuatbs Tirtbhkbh Yhkvirsktbs Tblgbgbrbh.
^bhtoso, Ico @ulk, lcc. 0420. Bhbaksks Citircbktbh Vkabybm sinbrb ^ictorba Lktkhgbu
lbrk ^ictor Yhffuabh Cbwbsbh FC^ Taus tirmblbp Gbwb \keur7 Kepakcbskhyb
tirmblbp Tihfie`bhfbh Tircotbbh. ^iekhbr Hbskohba NK\KI^ 0420.
[usuj, Ebuabhb. 2;;;. Eolia Pbsko Tirtue`umbh (EPT) si`bfbk ^babm ^btu Babt
Bhbaksks Batirhbtkj lbabe Tirihnbhbbh Vkabybm lbh Cotb. Bpakcbsk Eolia7
Vkabybm @bhfcb @iaktuhf . Inohoekns bhl Jkhbhni kh Khlohiskb Zoa. ]AZKK
Ho.0 Mba 249 „ 0>>.
Baeuabk`brk, Mkaba. 0422. Bhbaksks Totihsk Tirtue`umbh Icohoek Cotb \ifba \bmuh
044< „ 044=. ^crkpsk. Jbcuatbs Icohoek Yhkvirsktbs Lkpohiforo
(lkpu`akcbskcbh).
Fmujroh, Eumbeebl. 044=. Bhbaksks Tie`bhfuhbh Vkabybm @ir`bsks ^ictor Yhffuabh
Cb`upbtih Abeohfbh Tropkhsk Gbwb \keur . ^crkpsk. Jbcuatbs Tirtbhkbh
Khstktut \ichoaofk @bhluhf (lkpu`akcbskcbh).
Tbe`ulk, Bhlk \rk. 0422. Tirfisirbh ^tructur Tiricohoekbh Btbs Lbsbr Tihyirbpbh
\ihbfb Cirgb lk Tropkhsk Gbwb \ihfbm. ^crkpsk. Jbcuatbs Icohoek YhkvirsktbsLkpohiforo (lkpu`akcbskcbh).
Pulbtkh, @khbr. 044>. Bhbaksks ^ictor @bsks lbabe Pbhfcb Tihfie`bhfbh
Tie`bhfuhbh Vkabybm3 ^tulk Cbsus7 Cb`upbtih-cb`upbtih lk Gbwb \ihfbm
tbmuh 2;;: „ 0442. \isks. Jbcuatbs Icohoek Yhkvirsktbs Lkpoiforo
(lkpu`akcbskcbh).
Tbsbrk`u, @.J. Powabhl. 042
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IK) sirtb
lkmbrbpcbh ebepu eihgblk sihtrb cbwbsbh pihfie`bhfbh icohoek ebrktke lbh
pbrkwksbtb Tuabu ^ue`bwb. \ugubh pihiaktkbh khk blbabm ‑uhtuc eihfitbmuk
pir`ilbbh pirtue`umbh icohoek lbirbm si`iaue lbh sisulbm blbhyb profrbe
^BEO\B lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb. Zbrkb`ia pihiaiaktkbh ybhf lkfuhbcbh tirlkrk lbrk
pirtue`umbh icohoek, proluc loeistkc rifkohba `ruto lbh pihlbpbtbh pir cbpktb.
Gihks pihiaktkbh coepbrbtkj cubhtktbtkj lihfbh eihffuhbcbh lbtb sicuhlir (tkei
sirkis) ybhf lkpiroaim lbrk @blbh Tusbt ^tbtkstkc (@T^) Trovkhsk Husb \ihffbrb @brbt
lihfbh ruhtuh wbctu tbmuh 044=-042>. ^ilbhfcbh babt bhbaksks ybhf lkfuhbcbh lbabe
pihiaktkbh khk blbabm timhkc bhbaksks ugk `ilb lub rbtb-rbtb uhtuc sbepia `irpbsbhfbh
lihfbh `bhtubh sojtwbri ^T^^ 2:.4. Mbska pihiaktkbh eihuhgucbh `bmwb Pbtb-rbtb pirtue`umbh icohoek lbirbm
si`iaue blbhyb profrbe ^BEO\B lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb blbabm 9,= pirsih. Mbska bhbaksks
lbtb eihuhguccbh hkabk t mktuhf lkpiroaim si`isbr >,64> lbh hkabk t tb`ia si`isbr 4>
(tbrbj skfhkjkcbhsk 9% lihfbh lj 5 h „ 2 5 > „ 2 5 0), ebcb t mktuhf 8 t tb`ia ( >,64> 8
4>) simkhffb lbpbt lkskepuacbh `bmwb mkpotisks hoa (M 4 ) ybhf eihybtbcbh `bmwb
tklbc tirlbpbt pir`ilbbh rbtb-rbtb pirtue`umbh icohoek lbirbm si`iaue lbh sisulbm
blbhyb profrbe ^BEO\B lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb lktirkeb.
Cbtb Cuhnk 7 Tirtue`umbh Icohoek, ^tulk Coepbrbsk, Trofrbe ^BEO\B
K. TIHLBMYAYBH2.2 Abtbr @iabcbhf
^imu`uhfbh Zksk pie`bhfuhbh lbirbm Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb tbmuh 0422-0429
blbabm ‑\irwugulhyb Ebsybrbcbt ^ue`bwb @irlbyb ^bkhf Lbabe Eiebhtbpcbh
^bebwb Ebepks Puhfbh―. ^iabkh ktu, eksk lbrk PTGEL Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb gufb
pirau lktitbpcbh bfbr vksk pie`bhfuhbh lbirbm Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb tirsi`ut lbpbt
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IK) sirtb lkmbrbpcbh
ebepu eihgblk sihtrb cbwbsbh pihfie`bhfbh icohoek ebrktke lbh pbrkwksbtb Tuabu
^ue`bwb.Blb tkfb potihsk uhffuabh lbabe wkabybm ^BEO\B ybchk sictor pbrkwksbtb,
sictor ciabutbh lbh prkcbhbh, sirtb sictor `ulbyb. ^BEO\B si`bfbk profrbe
pihfie`bhfbh icohoek ebrktke lbh pbrkwksbtb lkmbrbpcbh lbpbt eihgblk aocoeotkj
ybhf eihbrkc fir`ohf pie`bhfuhbh Tuabu ^ue`bwb ci cbhnbm hbskohba. Cbwbsbh
\iauc ^baim, Tuabu Eoyo, lbh \be`orb (^BEO\B) lktkhfcbtcbh stbtushyb eihgblk
Cbwbsbh Icohoek Cmusus (CIC) hbskohba, ybhf lkebhb mba tirsi`ut bcbh
eiepirnipbt pirtue`umbh icohoek sue`bwb.
@irlbsbrcbh urbkbh khk, ebcb pihuaks tirtbrkc uhtuc eihfbhbaksks sigbum ebhb
pir̀ ilbbh pirtue`umbh icohoek lbirbm si`iaue lbh sisulbm blbhyb profrbe ^BEO\B
lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb.
2.0 \ugubh Tihiaktkbh Blbpuh ybhf eihgblk tugubh lbabe pihiaktkbh khk blbabm 7 ‑Yhtuc eihfitbmuk
pir`ilbbh pirtue`umbh icohoek lbirbm si`iaue lbh sisulbm blbhyb profrbe
^BEO\B lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb―
KK. \KHGBYBH TY^\BCB 0.2 Tihiaktkbh ̂ i`iauehyb
Tihiaktkbh ybhf `ircbktbh lihfbh Bhbaksks Coepbrbtkj Tirtue`umbh Icohoek
tiabm `bhybc lkabcucbh lk Khlohiskb, `i`irbpb lkbhtbrbhyb ybktu 7
2. \rk ^kwk Hufrbmbhk lbh Lkbh Mkjtkbhk \brkoco (0422) lihfbh gulua pihiaktkbh‑Tir`ilbbh Tirtue`umbh Icohoek, Khvistbsk Loeistkc lbh Icspor bhtbrb
^i`iaue lbh ^isulbm Crksks―.
0. Eumbeebl Bvirrois Jblabh (0424) lihfbh gulua pihiaktkbh ‑Bhbaksks TotihskTirtue`umbh Icohoek Lk Trovkhsk Abepuhf Tirkoli 044. Iakb Lkbm Irbwbtki (044;) lihfbh gulua pihiaktkbh ‑Cbgkbh \ihtbhf ^tbtus,Tiru`bmbh ^tructur Icohoek Lbh Totihsk Vkabybm Cb`upbtih Ebfiabhf
^i`iaue Lbh ^iabeb Otohoek Lbirbm (2;;=-044=)―
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
0.0 Abhlbsbh \iork
0.0.2 Tirtue`umbh Icohoek
Tirtue`umbh icohoek lkbrtkcbh si`bfbk pircie`bhfbh cifkbtbh lbabe piricohoekbh ybhf eihyi`b`cbh `brbhf lbh gbsb ybhf lkprolucsk lbabe ebsybrbcbt
`irtbe`bm. Ebsbabm pirtue`umbh icohoek lbpbt lkpbhlbhf si`bfbk ebsbabm
ebcroicohoek lbabe gbhfcb pbhgbhf. Lbrk sbtu pirkoli ci pirkoli abkhhyb ciebepubh
subtu hifbrb uhtuc eihfmbskacbh `brbhf lbh gbsb bcbh eihkhfcbt. Ciebepubh
tirsi`ut lksi`b`cbh blbhyb jbctor „ jbctor prolucsk ybhf bcbh siabau eihfbabek
pirtbe`bmbh lbabe gueabm lbh cubaktbshyb.
Tirtue`umbh icohoek blbabm subtu prosis cihbkcbh output pircbpktb lbabe
gbhfcb pbhgbhf, lkebhb pihicbhbhhyb pblb tkfb mba ybktu prosis, output pircbpktb lbh
gbhfcb pbhgbhf (@oilkoho, 2;;;7 2) lihfbh pihgb`brbh si`bfbk `irkcut 7
2. Tirtue`umbh icohoek blbabm subtu ‑prosis― `ucbh subtu fbe`brbh lbrk subtu
piricohoekbh ybhf eiakmbt `bfbkebhb subtu piricohoekbh `ircie`bhf btbu `iru`bm lbrk wbctu ci wbctu.
0. Output pir cbpktb ybktu pirtue`umbh icohoek `ircbktbh lihfbh blbhyb chbkcbhoutput pir cbpktb lbabe mba khk blb lub uhsur ybhf pihtkhf sipirtk output totba
lbh gueabm pihluluc.
>. Gbhfcb pbhgbhf ybktu cihbkcbh output pir cbpktb siabeb 2-0 tbmuh abau lkkcutk pihuruhbh output pircbpktb `ucbh eirupbcbh pirtue`umbh icohoek. Lkcbtbcbh
tue`um `kab lbabe gbhfcb wbctu ybhf abeb (9 tbmuh btbu ai`km) eihfbabek
cihbkcbh output pir cbpktb.
Tihfirtkbh lk btbs, lbpbt lkgblkcbh toabc ucur uhtuc eihfitbmuk pihkhfcbtbh
pirtue`umbh icohoek lksubtu Lbirbm. Tirtue`umbh icohoek tirgblk lbabe prosis
gbhfcb pbhgbhf, ybhf sinbrb `irbhfsur-bhfsur `irfirbc btbs tirgblkhyb pihkhfcbtbh
pblb tb`uhfbh, khvistbsk lbh cohsuesk ebsybrbcbt, ^imkhffb siebckh eihkhfcbt puab
pirtue`umbh icohoek ybhf lknbpbk subtu Hifbrb btbu Lbirbm.
Troluc Loeistkc Pifkohba @ruto (TLP@) blbabm khlkcbtor ybhf
eihffbe`brcbh ciblbbh piricohoekbh pihluluc lk subtu wkabybm/lbirbm.
Tirtue`umbh icohoek eirupbcbh tieb sihtrba lbabe cimklupbh icohoek sieub
hifbrb liwbsb khk. Tieirkhtbm lkhifbrb ebhbpuh lbpbt sifirb gbtum btbu `bhfuh
`irlbsbrcbh tkhffk rihlbmhyb tkhfcbt pirtue`umbh icohoek ybhf lknbpbkhyb lbabe
nbtbtbh stbtkstkc hbskohba ebupuh lbirbm. @irmbska tklbchyb profrbe-profrbe lk
Hifbrb-hifbrb luhkb citkfb sirkhf lkhkabk `irlbsbrcbh tkhffk rihlbmhyb output lbh pihlbpbtbh hbskohba (\olbro, 0444722>).
0.0.0 Trofrbe ̂ BEO\BTrofrbe ^BEO\B eirupbcbh sbabm sbtu profrbe pirnipbtbh pie`bhfuhbh lk
Trovkhsk Husb \ihffbrb @brbt ybhf tirnbhtue lbabe Ebstirpabh Tirnipbtbh lbh
Tiraubsbh Tie`bhfuhbh Icohoek Khlohiskb (ET>IK) sirtb lkmbrbpcbh ebepu eihgblk
sihtrb cbwbsbh pihfie`bhfbh icohoek ebrktke lbh pbrkwksbtb puabu ^ue`bwb.
Cbwbsbh \iauc ^baim, Tuabu Eoyo, lbh \be`orb (^BEO\B) lkmbrbpcbh `ksb
lktkhfcbtcbh stbtushyb eihgblk Cbwbsbh Icohoek Cmusus (CIC) hbskohba, ybhf
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44 MB. Blb tkfb potihsk uhffuabh lbabe wkabybm ^BEO\B ybchk sictor pbrkwksbtb, sictor ciabutbh lbh prkcbhbh, sirtb sictor `ulbyb.
Yhtuc gbabh @bypbss ^BEO\B, lkcirgbcbh lbrk tktkc hoa (wkabybm \bhguhf
Eihbhfks) eihugu Yau Bkr (bhtbrb Lisb Bk @brk lbh Akeuhf) Cinbebtbh Eoyo Ytbrb,
sicktbr 02 ckaoeitir. Lk tiepbt tirsi`ut gufb bcbh lk`bhfuh lirebfb bpuhf si`bfbk
cohicsk ci Nbab`bk btbu si`bakchyb, lbh ci \iauc ^baim btbu si`bakchyb.
^iabhguthyb lk ^kepbhf @bhffo Ciepo cb`upbtih Loepu eihugu \be`orb
eiabauk gbaur lbrbt sicktbr 24> ckaoeitir, ybhf eirupbcbh rubs gbabh abeb titbpk
lktkhfcbtcbh lbh sbbt khk silbhf lbabe tbmbp pihfirgbbh. ^ilbhfcbh rubs gbabh
^BEO\B ybhf lk cbwbsbh \bhguhf Eihbhfks mkhffb Yau Bkr eirupbcbh rubs gbabh
`bru lihfbh ai`br sicktbr >4 eitir.
^BEO\B si`bfbk icohoek ebrktke lbh pbrkwksbtb lkmbrbpcbh lbpbt eihgblkaocoeotkj ybhf eihbrkc fir`ohf pie`bhfuhbh Tuabu ^ue`bwb ci cbhnbm hbskohba.
Totihsk ybhf blb lk \iauc ^baim tirlkrk lbrk bfrk`kshks, ekhbpoaktkbh, rueput abut, ulbhf
lbh crbpu, tbe`bc lbh wksbtb `bmbrk. Totihsk Tuabu Eoyo bhtbrb abkh, lkvkhf, shorcakhf,
muhtkhf brib, nbepkhf frouhl, bfrowksbtb , rbhnm brib, pbnubh culb lbh cbrbpbh
cir`bu. ^ilbhfcbh potihsk ybhf lkekakck Fuhuhf \be`orb tirlkrk lbrk mkckhf, nbepkhf
frouhl, muhtkhf brib, Lbhbu ^btohlb, fiowksbtb lbh bfrowksbtb.
Fbe`br 0.2
Totihsk-Totihsk Lk Vkabybm Cbwbsbh ̂ BEO\B
Totihsk uhffuabh lbh hkabk icohoek cbwbsbh ^BEO\B ybchk, pirkcbhbh
tbhfcbp 0.
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,: trkayuh, ulbhf Pp :,2: trkayuh, kcbh crbpu lbh abkh-abkh Pp 0,=
trkayuh lbh pirkcbhbh tbhfcbp Pp .2Cirbhfcb Cohsiptuba Tihiaktkbh
\IMHKC BHBAK^K^
YGK @ILB PB\B-PB\B
^BETIA @IPMY@YHFBH
(TBKPIL ̂ BETAI \-\I^\)
TPOFPBE ̂ BEO\B
TPOFPBE TIHFIE@BHFBH TO\IH^K
CBVB^BH ̂ BEO\B
(\iauc ^baim, Tuabu Eoyo lbh Fuhuhf \be`orb)
TIP\YE@YMBH
ICOHOEK LBIPBM
^I@IAYE BLBH[B
TPOFPBE
TIP\YE@YMBH
ICOHOEK LBIPBM
^I^YLBM BLBH[B
TPOFPBE
http://www.pulausumbawanews.com/http://www.pulausumbawanews.com/http://www.pulausumbawanews.com/
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lkciaoepoccbh lbabe pirkoli sisulbm blbhyb profrbe
^BEO\B.
0. Troluc Loeistkc Pifkohba @ruto (TLP@)Troluc Loeistkc Pifkohba @ruto (TLP@) blbabm gueabm hkabk tbe`bm
`brbhf lbh gbsb ybhf lkmbskacbh lbrk siaurum cifkbtbh piricohoekbh lk subtu
lbirbm. TLP@ eirupbcbh sbabm sbtu khlkcbtor uhtuc eihfitbmuk
pircie`bhfbh icohoek subtu lbirbm. TLP@ lkmktuhf `irlbsbrcbh btbs lbsbr
mbrfb `irabcu lbh btbs lbsbr mbrfb cohstbh. TLP@ lbabe pihiaktkbh khk lkakmbt
`irlbsbrcbh btbs mbrfb cohstbh tbmuh 0444.
>. Tihlbpbtbh TircbpktbTihlbpbtbh pircbpktb eirupbcbh sbabm sbtu khlkcbtor ybhf lkfuhbcbh
uhtuc eihffbe`brcbh tkhfcbt cisigbmtirbbh ebsybrbcbt sinbrb ebcro.
^iebckh tkhffk TLP@ ybhf lktirkeb pihluluc lk subtu wkabybm ebcb tkhfcbt
cisigbmtirbbh ebsybrbcbt lk wkabybm tirsi`ut lbpbt lkcbtbcbh `bkc. Lihfbh
pihlbpbtbh pircbpktb tirsi`ut lbpbt lkakmbt fbe`brbh pihlbpbtbh ybhf
lktirkeb oaim ebskhf-ebskhf pircipbab pihluluc. Lbtb pihlbpbtbh pircbpktb
ybhf lkfuhbcbh lbabe pihiaktkbh khk lkpiroaim lbrk @blbh Tusbt ^tbtkstkc
Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb lbh khstbhsk-khstbhsk tircbkt
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, lkebhb lbtb
tirsi`ut lk`bfk eihgblk lub pirkoli ybchk tbmuh 044=-0424 lkciaoepoccbh lbabe
pirkoli si`iaue blbhyb profrbe ^BEO\B lbh tbmuh 0422-042> lkciaoepoccbh
lbabe pirkoli sisulbm blbhyb profrbe ^BEO\B.
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96 >.64> 0 .4::
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94
Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
lbirbm si`iaue lbh sisulbm blbhyb profrbe ^BEO\B.
M2 7 \irlbpbt pir`ilbbh rbtb-rbtb pirtue`umbh icohoek lbirbm
si`iaue lbh sisulbm blbhyb profrbe ^BEO\B.0) Eihihtucbh Aivia oj ^kfhkjknbhni ( β )
Lbabe pihiaktkbh khk tkhfcbt cisbabmbh ybhf lkmbrbpcbh (aivia oj
skfhkjknbhni) si`isbr 9% (4,49)
Hkabk ttb`ia 5 β/0 3 h-25 4,49/0 3 >-2
5 4,409 3 0
5 4>
>) Crktirkb pihfugkbhLkfuhbcbh pihfugkbh lub sksk
-t (β/0 3 h-2) t (b/0 3 h-2)
M4 lktirkeb (M2 lktoabc) `kab 7 - 4> ≬ tmktuhf ≬ 4>
M2 lktirkeb (M4 lktoabc) `kab 7 tmktuhf 8 4> btbu tmktuhf 1 - 4>
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Gurhba Icohoek lbh @kshks Gkakl 0 Hoeor 24, Lisie`ir 0429
Ciskepuabh
Hkabk tmktuhf 1 ttb`ia ( >,64> 1 4>) ebcb M4 lktirkeb lbh M2 lktoabc.Mba khk `irbrtk tklbc tirlbpbt pir`ilbbh rbtb-rbtb pblb pirtue`umbh
icohoek lbirbm si`iaue blbhyb profrbe ^BEO\B lihfbh
pirtue`umbh icohoek lbirbm sisulbm blbhyb profrbe ^BEO\B lk
Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb.
9.> Khtirpritbsk Mbska Bhbaksks
Lbrk mbska oabm lbtb lbh bhbaksb lihfbh ugk t lkbtbs ebcb lbpbt lkkhtirpritbskcbh
mbska bhbaksks si`bfbk `irkcut 7
2. Tiabcsbhbbh profrbe ^BEO\B lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb lbpbt lkcbtbcbh `iaue eihnbpbk tugubh ybhf lkkhfkhcbh, ybchk lbabe mba eihfie`bhfcbh
piricohoekbh lbirbm. Mba khk lkcbrihbcbh profrbe ^BEO\B ybhf blb lk
Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb ̀ iaue `ksb eie`irkcbh piru`bmbh ybhf `isbr tirmblbp
piricohoekbh lbirbm, simkhffb tklbc tirlbpbt pir`ilbbh rbtb-rbtb
pirtue`umbh icohoek lbirbm sinbrb skfhkjkcbh bhtbrb pirkoli si`iaue lbh
sisulbm Blbhyb profrbe ^BEO\B.
0. Pbtb-rbtb pirtue`umbh icohoek lbirbm si`iaue blbhyb profrbe ^BEO\Blk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb blbabm 9,= pirsih. Mba khk eihuhguccbh `bmwb profrbe
^BEO\B `iaue ijictkj eie`bhtu pieirkhtbm lbabe upbyb
eihfie`bhfcbh piricohoekbh lbirbm. Cbrihb wbabupuh tirgblk pihkhfcbtbh
rbtb-rbtb pirtue`umbh icohoek lbirbm bhtbrb si`iaue lbh sisulbm blbhhyb
profrbe ^BEO\B lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb, hbeuh tklbc tirlbpbt pir`ilbbh
rbtb-rbtb sinbrb skfhkjkcbh.
>. Lbrk tb`ia Tbkril ^bepai \ist eihuhguccbh `bmwb hkabk skf. (0-tbkail )
si`isbr 4,4:: 8 4,49 lbh hkabk tmktuhf ( >,64>) 1 ttb`ia ( 4>), khk eihuhguccbh `bmwb M4 lktirkeb lbh M2 lktoabc. ^imkhffb lbabe mba khk lbpbt lkskepuacbh
`bmwb tklbc tirlbpbt pir`ilbbh rbtb-rbtb pirtue`umbh icohoek lbirbm
si`iaue blbhyb profrbe ^BEO\B lihfbh rbtb-rbtb pirtue`umbh icohoek
lbirbm sisulbm blbhyb profrbe ^BEO\B lk Cb`upbtih ^ue`bwb.
ZK. CI^KETYABH LBH ^BPBH
:.2 Ciskepuabh
2. Pbtb-rbtb pirtue`umbh icohoek lbirbm si`iaue blbhyb pr
