THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA PT. PERTAMINA (PERSERO) PT. PLN (PERSERO) JICA PREPARATORY SURVEY FOR LUMUT BALAI GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (2) Final Report (Summary Report) March 2011 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY WEST JAPAN ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS, INC. IDD CR(5) 10-147
60
Embed
JICA PREPARATORY SURVEY FOR LUMUT BALAI …open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12025342.pdf · the republic of indonesia pt. pertamina (persero) pt. pln (persero) jica preparatory survey
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA PT. PERTAMINA (PERSERO) PT. PLN (PERSERO)
JICA PREPARATORY SURVEY FOR LUMUT BALAI GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (2)
Final Report (Summary Report)
March 2011
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY WEST JAPAN ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS, INC.
IDD CR(5) 10-147
Location of Lumut Balai Geothermal Field
(Ogan Komering Ulu District and Muaraenim District, South Sumatra Province
1. Land Permit Units 1 2, 3 & 4 (102 ha) 19.0Principle permission of land use of HL 19 ha (LMB-2) has been issued, while 83 ha is still in process at DEPHUT (Ministry of Forest)
2. Manufacturing Infrastructure (Access Road, WPS, Wellpad, PLTP & Pipeline) 12.0Will be done after DEPHUT issue the permit
3.1 Production Well drilling LMB-2, LMB-5 & LMB-10 (17 wells)3.2 Reinjection Well drilling Reinj-B (7 wells for brine and 1 well for steam condensate) 29.0
Location LMB-2 is ready, other drilling location should wait the land use permit 83 ha, Year 2011 = 7 Production wells, Year 2012 = 10 wells, Year2011 - 2012 = 8 Reinjection wells (7 for brine and 1for steam condensate)
4. Supplying & Manufacturing Production Test Facilities 13.0One set test equipment ready for Units 3 & 4
5. Implementation of Production Test 35.0Vertical discharge for all well, continue to test completely
� Does the project site encompass the protected habitats of
endangered species designated by the country’s laws or
international treaties and conventions?
� If significant ecological impacts are anticipated, are
adequate protection measures taken to reduce the impacts on
the ecosystem?
� Is there a possibility that localized micro-meteorological
changes due to wind power generation will affect valuable
vegetation in the surrounding areas? (Is there valuable
vegetation in the vicinity of the wind power generation
facilities?) If impacts on vegetation are anticipated, are
adequate measures considered?
� Are the wind power generation facilities (wind turbines)
sited in consideration of the habitats and migration routes of
sensitive or potentially affected bird species?
Yes, the project site including transmission
line will encompass primeval forest
(protected forest) which has rain forest
habitats.
Yes, in this protected forest live some
endangered species designated by Indonesia
regulations, as well as Bears (Helarctos sp,
Sumatera Tigers (Panthera spp), deer
(Muntiacus muntjak) etc.
To reduce impact on those endangered
species, the project must restore
vegetation in the surrounding area and
instruct workers not to hunt the fauna.
N/A
N/A
JICA Preparatory Survey for Geothermal Power Development Sector Loan Final Report
28
Category Environmental Item Main Check Items Confirmation of Environmental
Considerations
(3) Hydrology � Is there a possibility that hydrologic changes due to
installation of structures such as weirs will adversely affect the
surface and groundwater flows (especially in "run of the river
generation" projects)?
N/A
(4) Topography and Geology Is there a possibility that the project will cause a large-scale
alteration of the topographic features and geologic structures in
the surrounding areas (especially in run of the river generation
projects and geothermal power generation projects)?
The project will have an impact on
topography but it is very small, because the
area project only 28 ha.
JICA Preparatory Survey for Geothermal Power Development Sector Loan Final Report
29
Category Environmental Item Main Check Items Confirmation of Environmental
Considerations
4 Social
Environment
(1) Resettlement � Is adequate explanation on relocation and compensation
given to affected persons prior to resettlement?
� Is the resettlement plan, including proper compensation,
restoration of livelihoods and living standards developed based
on socioeconomic studies on resettlement?
� Does the resettlement plan pay particular attention to
vulnerable groups or persons, including women, children, the
elderly, people below the poverty line, ethnic minorities, and
indigenous peoples?
� Are agreements with the affected persons obtained prior to
resettlement?
� Is the organizational framework established to properly
implement resettlement? Are the capacity and budget secured
to implement the plan?
� Is a plan developed to monitor the impacts of resettlement?
� Is the resettlement plan, including proper compensation,
restoration of livelihoods and living standards developed based
on socioeconomic studies on resettlement?
� Does the resettlement plan pay particular attention to
vulnerable groups or persons, including women, children, the
elderly, people below the poverty line, ethnic minorities, and
indigenous peoples?
� Are agreements with the affected persons obtained prior to
resettlement?
� Is the organizational framework established to properly
implement resettlement? Are the capacity and budget secured
to implement the plan?
� Is a plan developed to monitor the impacts of resettlement?
No, the project will not require
resettlement, so there is no need for a
resettlement plan.
N/A
N/A
.
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
JICA Preparatory Survey for Geothermal Power Development Sector Loan Final Report
30
Category Environmental Item Main Check Items Confirmation of Environmental
Considerations
(2) Living and Livelihood � Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the
living conditions of inhabitants? Are adequate measures
considered to reduce the impacts, if necessary?
� Is there a possibility that the amount of water (e.g., surface
water, groundwater) used and discharge of effluents by the
project will adversely affect the existing water uses and water
area uses?
Yes, if the project uses the river as a source
of water. This is will have an impact on
inhabitants ability to irrigate, and
automatically will have an impact on the
living conditions of the inhabitants.
To reduce the impact, the project should
avoid directly taking water from the river,
but must rather develop a lagoon for water
collection.
Yes, if the effluent is discharged into
ground water or other water resources, it
will have an impact on water use, since
the local people around the project use the
river water for irrigation and drinking
water .
(3) Heritage � Is there a possibility that the project will damage the local
archaeological, historical, cultural, and religious heritage sites?
Are adequate measures considered to protect these sites in
accordance with the country’s laws?
No, based on surveys and interviews with
some respondents, there is nothing of
archeological or cultural value near the
geothermal power plant. There is thus no
possibility that the project will damage the
local archeological, historical, cultural or
religious heritage.
(4) Landscape � Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the
local landscape? Are necessary measures taken?
No, there is no specific or unique landscape
in the project area.
JICA Preparatory Survey for Geothermal Power Development Sector Loan Final Report
31
Category Environmental Item Main Check Items Confirmation of Environmental
Considerations
(5) Ethnic Minorities and
Indigenous Peoples
� Does the project comply with the country’s laws for rights of
ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples?
� Are considerations given to reduce impacts on the culture
and lifestyle of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples?
No, the people in the area are not
categorized as ethnic minorities or
indigenous people.
N/A
5 Others (1) Impacts during Construction � Are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts during
construction (e.g., noise, vibrations, turbid water, dust, exhaust
gases, and wastes)?
� If construction activities adversely affect the natural
environment (ecosystem), are adequate measures considered to
reduce impacts?
� If necessary, is health and safety education (e.g., traffic
safety, public health) provided for project personnel, including
workers?
The main impact during construction is air
pollution, especially concentrations of dust
and damage to roads due to heavy
equipment transportation. Another impact is
river water turbidity caused by soil erosion.
All of the impacts can be reduced by
several mitigation activities.
Yes, the project personnel including
workers will receive traffic safety and
public health education. It is part of the
mitigation of impacts.
(2) Monitoring � Does the proponent develop and implement a monitoring
program for the environmental items that are considered to
have potential impacts?
� Are the items, methods and frequencies included in the
monitoring program judged to be appropriate?
� Does the proponent establish an adequate monitoring
framework (organization, personnel, equipment, and adequate
budget to sustain the monitoring framework)?
At this stagge the proponent has not
developed a monitoring program, because
the proponent has not completed and EIA
study.
N/A
No, the proponent has not yet developed a
monitoring program
JICA Preparatory Survey for Geothermal Power Development Sector Loan Final Report
32
Category Environmental Item Main Check Items Confirmation of Environmental
Considerations
� Are any regulatory requirements pertaining to the
monitoring report system identified, such as the format and
frequency of reports from the proponent to the regulatory
authorities?
Yes. The government has proposed the
format of monitoring reports
6 Note Reference to Checklist of Other
Sectors
� Where necessary, pertinent items described in the Power
Transmission and Distribution Lines checklist should also be
checked (e.g., projects including installation of electric
transmission lines and/or electric distribution facilities).
Yes. (See 6.2.5)
Note on Using Environmental
Checklist
� If necessary, the impacts on transboundary or global issues
should be confirmed (e.g., the project includes factors that may
cause problems, such as transboundary waste treatment, acid
rain, destruction of the ozone layer, or global warming).
No, there is no impact on transboundary or
global issues from this project.
Regarding the term “Country’s Standards” mentioned in the above table, in the event that environmental standards in the country where the project is located
diverge significantly from international
standards, appropriate environmental considerations are made, if necessary.
In cases where local environmental regulations are yet to be established in some areas, considerations should be made based on comparisons with
appropriate standards of other countries
(including Japan's experience).
The Environmental checklist provides general environmental items to be checked. It may be necessary to add or delete an item taking into account the
characteristics of the project and the
particular circumstances of the country and locality in which it is located.
JICA Preparatory Survey for Geothermal Power Development Sector Loan Final Report
33
To confirm the real situation in the field of precious fauna and flora, an additional field survey was
conducted.
1) Objective
The objective of the additional field survey for evaluation of the environmental impact on precious
fauna and flora, which was already outlined on the basis of a literature investigation and hearings, is
to confirm the actual living and breeding situations of these species on the site in the Lumut Balai
geothermal development field. These results of the site survey should contribute to the environmental
impact evaluation for those species and also to recommendations of plans to mitigate the anticipated
impacts on these species.
2) Methodology of the survey
The precious fauna and flora living and growing in the area which contains Lumut Balai geothermal
development field should be delineated based on the EIA report of PGE, the relevant documents and
information from the local residents. Then, in order to confirm the actual situation of living and
breeding of the species which should be carefully considered among them, site surveys should be
carried out to observe the animals themselves or traces of them such as hair, waste, tracks and trails,
and to study their habitat. In addition, hearings should be conducted with participation of the local
residents to collect relevant information required.
3) Survey area
Field surveys were conducted mainly for the area of well pads, power plants and access roads
(existing and planned) of Lumut Balai geothermal development field.
Survey tracks are shown as lines in Fig. 19. Light green color tracks are shown for the herpetofauna
and fish, and orange color tracks are for Aves and mammals, all near the well pads and power plant.
4) Survey period
From February 3 to February 16, 2011
It was a typical rainy season in Muara Enim.
5) Survey team
Since there are many kinds of fauna and flora in the Lumut Balai geothermal development field, it
was necessary to enlist experts for each field to distinguish species. Therefore, the survey team
consisted of six experts; a mammal expert, reptile expert, Aves expert, aquatic biota expert, flora
expert, and biology expert.
6) Listed up categories of precious flora and fauna
In this survey, the species which are protected by Indonesian law/regulation were listed up.
JICA Preparatory Survey for Geothermal Power Development Sector Loan Final Report
34
Laws/Regulations used as references are:
- Law No. 5 / 1990 on Conservation of Biological Resources and Ecosystems;
- Government Regulation No. 7 of 1999 concerning the Preservation of Plants and Animals.
- Government Regulation No. 60 of 2007 on the Conservation of Fish Resources
7) Survey results
Regarding precious fauna and flora, the existence of eight species of mammals, ten species of Aves
and one species of flora were confirmed. Aves, mammals and flora are thought to be distributed all
through the forest area in and around the Lumut Balai geothermal development field (Fig. 19).
Results of the survey are summarized in Table 14.
8) Discussion
a) Environmental assessment for precious flora and fauna potentially affected by the Lumut Balai
geothermal power development
Land clearing in the area of Lumut Balai geothermal development field, of course, will have an
impact either directly or indirectly on wildlife. The impact will occur in the form of habitat loss or
habitat fragmentation.
But the habitat and breeding area of each precious species confirmed in this survey is not thought
to be limited to the development field, but to be widely distributed in and around the development
field. Therefore, the environmental impact on the precious flora and fauna will be small given the
application of appropriate mitigation measures. General information about precious flora and
fauna in and around the Lumut Balai geothermal power development area were obtained by this
short-term field survey. Considering seasonal changes in situation of flora and fauna, it is desired
that further impact assessment and considering about mitigation of preservation should be
conducted after the survey about vegetation and ecological characteristic of each species as
possible as they can.
b) Mitigation of impacts on precious flora and fauna in the Lumut Balai geothermal power
development field
Based on the results of the environmental survey, the following mitigation of impacts on precious
flora and fauna should be implemented.
- Preventing the clearing of land beyond what is absolutely necessary.
- Replanting the precious flora that is found in the development field
- Taking care to ensure water quality during construction work (sand basin, treatment for
turbid water)
- Creation of habitat with vegetation harmonized with the environment (with plants found in
the power plant site as far as possible)
- Road and site preparation that do not create turbid water (during construction and operation)
- Considering all the conditions, preserving animal trails by lifting up part of the pipeline or
lowering the ground level, if necessary
- Patrolling to prevent hunting wild animals, and safety patrols around the project site
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
35
Fig. 19 Map of surveyed precious flora and fauna
Existing (others are only planned)
pad
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
36
Table 7 Precious fauna and flora confirmed of the existence in this survey
Name of Observed Precious Species (Photo)
Item
Observation point
What Signature (track, spoor,
hair, feather, egg etc)
Breeding place
Inhabited area (assumed inhabited
area in and around the LMB GPP field)
Assumed degree of impact of development of LMB GPP
Necessary mitigation Estimated cost for
mitigation (for unit 1 - 4)
AVES
Name : Plain sunbird ( Anthreptes simplex) Local name : Burung madu polos IUCN: LC
In the course of survey at well pad LMB-4
Sighting Trees All the forest area in and around the LMB GPP field
Little impact because there is a possibility that breeding and inhabited area is not limited to the development area, but widely distributed in the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Cost of building green zone : 250 million Rp. (0.027millionUS$)
Sand basin should be tentatively prepared in civil work during construction
Name : Collared kingfisher (Todirhamphus chloris) Local name : Cekakak sungai IUCN: LC
On the track of survey at well pads RenjA - RenjB
Sighting and call Trees All the forest area in and around the LMB GPP field
Little impact because there is a possibility that breeding and inhabited area is not limited to the development area, but widely distributed in the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Included in the cost above
Sand basin should be tentatively prepared in civil work during construction
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
37
Name of Observed Precious Species (Photo)
Item
Observation point
What Signature (foot print, spoor, hair,
feather, egg etc)
Breeding place
Inhabited area (assumed inhabited
area in and around the LMB GPP field)
Assumed degree of impact of development of LMB GPP
Necessary mitigation Estimated cost for
mitigation (for unit 1 - 4)
AVES
Name : Changeable hawk-eagle (Spizaetus cirrhatus) Local name : Elang brontok IUCN: LC
On the track of survey at the well pads RenjA - RenjB
Sighting Trees All the forest area in and around the LMB GPP field
Little impact because there is a possibility that breeding and inhabited area is not limited to the development area, but widely distributed in the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Included in the cost above
Sand basin should be tentatively prepared in civil work during construction
Name : Black eagle ( Ictinaetus malayensis) Local name : Elang hitam IUCN: LC
On the track of survey at well pads LMB 6 – LMB 7
Sighting Trees All the forest area in and around the LMB GPP field
Little impact because there is a possibility that breeding and inhabited area is not limited to the development area, but widely distributed in the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Included in the cost above
Sand basin should be tentatively prepared in civil work during construction
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
38
Name of Observed Precious
Species (Photo)
Item
Observation point
What Signature
(foot print,
spoor, hair,
feather, egg etc)
Breeding
place
Inhabited area
(assumed inhabited
area in and around the
LMB GPP field)
Assumed degree of impact of
development of LMB GPP Necessary mitigation
Estimated cost for
mitigation
(for unit 1 - 4)
AVES
Name :
Crested serpent eagle
( Spilornis cheela)
Local name :
Elang ular bido
IUCN: LC
On the track of
survey at well pad
LMB 1
Sighting and
call
Trees All the forest area in
and around the LMB
GPP field
Little impact because
there is a possibility
that breeding and
inhabited area is not
limited to the
development area, but
widely distributed in
the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Included in the cost
above
Sand basin should be
tentatively prepared
in civil work during
construction
Name :
Oriental pied hornbill
(Anthracoceros albirostris)
Local name :
Kangkareng perut putih
IUCN: LC
On the track of
survey at well pad
LMB 1
Sighting Trees All the forest area in
and around the LMB
GPP field
Little impact because
there is a possibility
that breeding and
inhabited area is not
limited to the
development area, but
widely distributed in
the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Included in the cost
above
Sand basin should be
tentatively prepared
in civil work during
construction
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
39
Name of Observed Precious
Species (Photo)
Item
Observation point
What Signature
(foot print,
spoor, hair,
feather, egg etc)
Breeding
place
Inhabited area
(assumed inhabited
area in and around the
LMB GPP field)
Assumed degree of impact of
development of LMB GPP Necessary mitigation
Estimated cost for
mitigation
(for unit 1 - 4)
AVES
Name :
Pied fantail
(Rhipidura javanica)
Local name :
Kipasan belang
IUCN: LC
On the track of
survey at well
pads LMB 2 –
LMB 5
Sighting Trees All the forest area in
and around the LMB
GPP field
Little impact because
there is a possibility
that breeding and
inhabited area is not
limited to the
development area, but
widely distributed in
the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Included in the cost
above
Sand basin should be
tentatively prepared
in civil work during
construction
Name :
Schneider’s pitta
( Pitta schneideri)
Local name :
Paok Schneider
IUCN: VU
On the track of
survey at well pad
LMB 4
Sighting Trees All the forest area in
and around the LMB
GPP field
Little impact because
there is a possibility
that breeding and
inhabited area is not
limited to the
development area, but
widely distributed in
the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Included in the cost
above
Sand basin should be
tentatively prepared
in civil work during
construction
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
40
Name of Observed Precious
Species (Photo)
Item
Observation point
What Signature
(foot print,
spoor, hair,
feather, egg etc)
Breeding
place
Inhabited area
(assumed inhabited
area in and around the
LMB GPP field)
Assumed degree of impact
of development of LMB GPPNecessary mitigation
Estimated cost for mitigation
(for unit 1 - 4)
AVES
Name :
Rhinoceros hornbill
(Buceros rhinoceros)
Local name :
Rangkong badak
IUCN: NT
On the track of survey
at well pad LMB 3
Sighting Trees All the forest area in
and around the LMB
GPP field
Little impact because
there is a possibility
that breeding and
inhabited area is not
limited to the
development area, but
widely distributed in
the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Included in the cost above
Sand basin should be
tentatively prepared in civil
work during construction
Name :
Rueck's blue-flycatcher
( Cyornis ruckii)
Local name :
Sikatan aceh
IUCN: CR
On the track of survey
at well pad LMB 4
Sighting Trees All the forest area in
and around the LMB
GPP field
Little impact because
there is a possibility
that breeding and
inhabited area is not
limited to the
development area, but
widely distributed in
the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Included in the cost above
Sand basin should be
tentatively prepared in civil
work during construction
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
41
Name of Observed Precious
Species (Photo)
Item
Observation point
What Signature
(foot print,
spoor, hair,
feather, egg etc)
Breeding
place
Inhabited area
(assumed inhabited
area in and around the
LMB GPP field)
Assumed degree of impact of
development of LMB GPP Necessary mitigation
Estimated cost for mitigation
(for unit 1 - 4)
MAMMALS
Name :
Agile gibbon
(Hylobates agilis)
Local name :
Siamang/Ungko
IUCN: EN
On the track of survey
at well pads
LMB 3;
LMB 2 – LMB 5;
LMB 6 – LMB 7;
LMB 1;
RenjA-RenjB
Direct
observation
Call
Trees All the forest area in
and around the LMB
GPP field
Little impact because
there is a possibility
that breeding and
inhabited area is not
limited to the
development area, but
widely distributed in
the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Patrol for hunting
Considering all the conditions, preserving the animals trails by lifting up the part of the pipeline or lowering the ground level, if necessary
Included in the cost for aves
Sand basin should be tentatively prepared in civil work during construction
Operational cost of patrol =75 million Rp. per year(0.008MUS$)
Lifting up the part of pipeline or lowering the ground level =6.6 billion Rp.(0.73MUS$)
Name :
Barking deer
(Muntiacus muntjak)
Local name :
Kijang
IUCN: LC
On the track of survey
at well pads
LMB 3;
LMB 2 – LMB 5;
LMB 6 – LMB 7
Footprints Brush/shrub All the forest area in
and around the LMB
GPP field.
Surrounding rivers
near to LMB GPP
where they seek
drinking water
Little impact because
there is a possibility
that breeding and
inhabited area is not
limited to the
development area, but
widely distributed in
the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Patrol for hunting
Considering all the conditions, keep the pathway by lifting up the part of pipeline or lowering the ground level, if necessary
Included in the cost above
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
42
Name of Observed Precious
Species (Photo)
Item
Observation point
What Signature
(foot print, spoor,
hair, feather, egg
etc)
Breeding
place
Inhabited area
(assumed inhabited
area in and around the
LMB GPP field)
Assumed degree of impact of
development of LMB GPP Necessary mitigation
Estimated cost for mitigation
(for unit 1 - 4)
MAMMALS
Name :
Malayan porcupine
(Hystrix brachyuran)
Local name :
Landak
IUCN: LC
On the track of survey
at well pad LMB 1
Nest
Information
from local
people
Nest in the
ground
All the forest area in
and around the LMB
GPP field
Little impact
because there is a
possibility that
breeding and
inhabited area is
not limited to the
development area
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Patrol for hunting
Considering all the
conditions, keep the
pathway by lifting up the
part of pipeline or lowering
the ground level, if
necessary
Included in the cost above
Name :
Malayan sunbear
(Helarctos malayanus)
Local name :
Beruang
IUCN: VU
On the track of survey
at well pads
LMB 1;
RenjA-RenjB
Scratches and
nest
Trees and
ground
All the forest area in
and around the LMB
GPP field
Little impact
because there is a
possibility that
breeding and
inhabited area is
not limited to the
development area
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Patrol for hunting
Considering all the
conditions, keep the
pathway by lifting up the
part of pipeline or lowering
the ground level, if
necessary
Included in the cost above
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
43
Name of Observed Precious
Species (Photo)
Item
Observation point
What Signature
(foot print, spoor, hair, feather, egg
etc)
Breeding place
Inhabited area (assumed inhabited
area in and around the LMB GPP field)
Assumed degree of impact of development of LMB GPP
Necessary mitigation Estimated cost for mitigation
(for unit 1 - 4)
MAMMALS
Name : Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica) Local name : Trenggiling IUCN: EN
On the track of survey at well pad LMB 3
Nest Nest in the ground
All the forest area in and around the LMB GPP field
Little impact because there is a possibility that breeding and inhabited area is not limited to the development area, but widely distributed in the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Patrol for hunting Considering all the
conditions, keep the pathway by lifting up the part of pipeline or lowering the ground level, if necessary
Included in the cost above
Name : Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) Local name : Tapir IUCN: EN
On the track of survey at well pad LMB 4
Footprint Brush/shrub All the forest area in and around the LMB GPP field
Little impact because there is a possibility that breeding and inhabited area is not limited to the development area, but widely distributed in the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Patrol for hunting Considering all the
conditions, keep the pathway by lifting up the part of pipeline or lowering the ground level, if necessary
Included in the cost above
Name : Bearcat (Arctictis binturong) Local name : Binturung IUCN: VU
On the track of survey at well pads LMB 4; LMB 6 – LMB 7
Nest Information
from local people
Brush/shrub All the forest area in and around the LMB GPP field
Little impact because there is a possibility that breeding and inhabited area is not limited to the development area, but widely distributed in the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Patrol for hunting Considering all the
conditions, keep the pathway by lifting up the part of pipeline or lowering the ground level, if necessary
Included in the cost above
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
44
Name of Observed Precious
Species (Photo)
Item
Observation point
What Signature
(foot print,
spoor, hair,
feather, egg etc)
Breeding
place
Inhabited area
(assumed inhabited
area in and around the
LMB GPP field)
Assumed degree of impact
of development of LMB GPPNecessary mitigation
Estimated cost for mitigation
(for unit 1 - 4)
Name : Three-striped ground squirrel (Lariscus insignis) Local name : Bajing tanah bergaris tiga IUCN: LC
On the track of survey at well pads LMB 4; RenjA-RenjB
Direct watching/Sighting
Trees All the forest area in and around the LMB GPP field
Little impact because there is a possibility that breeding and inhabited area is not limited to the development area, but widely distributed in the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Measures to preserve water quality during construction work.
Patrol for hunting Considering all the
conditions, keep the pathway by lifting up the part of pipeline or lowering the ground level, if necessary
Included in the cost above
FLORA Name :
Nepenthes (Nepenthes gynamphora) Local name : Kantong semar IUCN: Not registered
On the track of survey at well pads LMB 3; LMB 4 LMB 2 – LMB 5; LMB 6 – LMB 7; LMB 1; RenjA-RenjB
Direct observation
On the ground
All the forest area in and around the LMB GPP field
Little impact because there is a possibility that breeding and inhabited area is not limited to the development area, but widely distributed in the development field.
Reducing the land clearing to the minimum possible.
Included in the cost above
Listed in PGE’s AMDAL IUCN category CR: Critically Endangered EN: Endangered VU: Vulnerable NT: Near Threathened LC: Least Concern
<Total> Initial investment 0.75 MUS$ Cost of build green zone
0.027 MUS$ Lifting up the part of
pipeline or lowering the ground level 0.73 MUS$
O&M 0.008 MUS$ per year Operational cost of patrol
(Source) JICA study team
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
45
Transmission Line
EIA
Part of the land for the transmission line is in the protected forest (Hutan Lindung). The voltage of
the line is 275kV. Indonesian environmental regulations require an EIA, which will be conducted
by PLN. The results of environmental confirmation are shown in Table 15.
Land acquisition
Land acquisition will be conducted by PLN. In the protected forest (Hutan Lindung), PLN will
obtain permission for utilization from the Ministry of Forestry after the EIA is approved.
Compensation of ROW
Compensation of ROW will be conducted by PLN.
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
46
Table 8 Environmental Check List for the Transmission Line
Category Environmental Item
Main Check Items Yes: Y No: N
Confirmation of Environmental Considerations (Reasons, Mitigation Measures)
1 Permits and Explanation
(1) EIA and Environmental Permits
(a) Have EIA reports already been prepared in the official process? (b) Have EIA reports been approved by authorities of the host country's government? (c) Have EIA reports been unconditionally approved? If conditions are imposed on the approval of EIA reports, are the conditions satisfied? (d) In addition to the above approvals, have other required environmental permits been obtained from the appropriate regulatory authorities of the host country's government?
(a)N (b)N (c)N (d)N
(a) Now in preparation and will be finished in June 2011 (b) Will be approved in July 2011 by South Sumatra province (c) -- (d) After approved of EIA, usage permit for protected forest will be necessary
(2) Explanation to the Local Stakeholders
(a) Have contents of the project and the potential impacts been adequately explained to the Local stakeholders based on appropriate procedures, including information disclosure? Is understanding obtained from the Local stakeholders? (b) Have the comments from the stakeholders (such as local residents) been reflected in the project design?
(a) Y (b) --
(a) PLN have explained to local stakeholders (b) They should be
(3) Examination of Alternatives
(a) Have alternative plans of the project been examined with social and environmental considerations?
(a) N (a) Route will be modified
2 Pollution Control
(1) Water Quality
(a) Is there any possibility that soil runoff from the bare lands resulting from earthmoving activities, such as cutting and filling will cause water quality degradation in downstream water areas? If the water quality degradation is anticipated, are adequate measures considered?
(a) -- (a) Will be comfirmed in the EIA
3 Natural Environment
(1) Protected Areas
(a) Is the project site located in protected areas designated by the country’s laws or international treaties and conventions? Is there a possibility that the project will affect the protected areas?
(a) Y (a) Protected forest needs a usage permit from the Ministry of Forestry
(2) Ecosystem
(a) Does the project site encompass primeval forests, tropical rain forests, ecologically valuable habitats (e.g., coral reefs, mangroves, or tidal flats)? (b) Does the project site encompass the protected habitats of endangered species designated by the country’s laws or international treaties and conventions? (c) If significant ecological impacts are anticipated, are adequate protection measures taken to reduce the impacts on the ecosystem? (d) Are adequate measures taken to prevent disruption of migration routes and habitat fragmentation of wildlife and livestock? (e) Is there any possibility that the project will cause negative impacts,
(a) -- (b) -- (c) -- (d) -- (e) N (f) N
(a) Will be comfirmed in the EIA (b) Will be comfirmed in the EIA (c) They should be (d) They should be (e) -- (f) The land other than the protected forest consists of rice paddy, fields, coffee plantations and scrub and is less natural than protected forest. The area for transmission towers is small (900m2). So the impact on the environment will be small even near the borderline of regency of Lahat and
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
47
such as destruction of forest, poaching, desertification, reduction in wetland areas, and disturbance of ecosystem due to introduction of exotic (non-native invasive) species and pests? Are adequate measures for preventing such impacts considered? (f) In cases where the project site is located in undeveloped areas, is there any possibility that the new development will result in extensive loss of natural environments?
Muara Enim though it’s between HSAW and HL.
3 Natural Environment
(3) Topography and Geology
(a) Is there any soft ground on the route of power transmission and distribution lines that may cause slope failures or landslides? Are adequate measures considered to prevent slope failures or landslides, where needed? (b) Is there any possibility that civil work, such as cutting and filling will cause slope failures or landslides? Are adequate measures considered to prevent slope failures or landslides? (c) Is there a possibility that soil runoff will result from cut and fill areas, waste soil disposal sites, and borrow sites? Are adequate measures taken to prevent soil runoff?
(a) -- (b) -- (c) --
(a) Should be comfirmed in the EIA (b) Should be comfirmed in the EIA (c) Should be comfirmed in the EIA
4 Social Environment
(1) Resettlement
(a) Is involuntary resettlement caused by project implementation? If involuntary resettlement is caused, are efforts made to minimize the impacts caused by the resettlement? (b) Is adequate explanation of compensation and resettlement assistance given to affected people prior to resettlement? (c) Is the resettlement plan, including compensation with full replacement costs, restoration of livelihoods and living standards developed based on socioeconomic studies on resettlement? (d) Are the compensations going to be paid prior to the resettlement? (e) Are the compensation policies prepared in document form? (f) Does the resettlement plan pay particular attention to vulnerable groups or people, including women, children, the elderly, people below the poverty line, ethnic minorities, and indigenous peoples? (g) Are agreements with the affected people obtained prior to resettlement? (h) Is the organizational framework established to properly implement resettlement? Are the capacity and budget secured to implement the plan? (i) Are any plans developed to monitor the impacts of resettlement? (j) Is a grievance redress mechanism established?
(a) There is no resettlement plan (b) -- (c) -- (d) -- (e) -- (f) -- (g) -- (h) -- (i) -- (j) --
(2) Living and Livelihood
(a) Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the living conditions of inhabitants? Are adequate measures considered to reduce the impacts, if necessary? (b) Is there a possibility that diseases, including infectious diseases, such as HIV will be brought due to immigration of workers associated with the project? Are adequate considerations given to public health, if necessary? (c) Is there any possibility that installation of structures, such as power line towers will cause radio interference? If any significant radio interference
(a) -- (b) -- (c) -- (d) --
(a) Should be comfirmed in the EIA (b) Should be comfirmed in the EIA (c) Should be comfirmed in the EIA (d) They should be
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
48
is anticipated, are adequate measures considered? (d) Are the compensations for transmission wires given in accordance with the domestic law?
4 Social Environment
(3) Heritage
(a) Is there a possibility that the project will damage the local archeological, historical, cultural, and religious heritage? Are adequate measures considered to protect these sites in accordance with the country’s laws?
(a) -- (a) Should be comfirmed in the EIA
(4) Landscape
(a) Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the local landscape? Are necessary measures taken?
(a) -- (a) Should be comfirmed in the EIA
(5) Ethnic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples
(a) Is consideration given to reduce impacts on the culture and lifestyle of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples? (b) Are all of the rights of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples in relation to land and resources respected?
(a) -- (b) --
(a) Should be comfirmed in the EIA (b) They should be
(6) Working Conditions
(a) Is the project proponent not violating any laws and ordinances associated with the working conditions of the country which the project proponent should observe in the project? (b) Are tangible safety considerations in place for individuals involved in the project, such as the installation of safety equipment which prevents industrial accidents, and management of hazardous materials? (c) Are intangible measures being planned and implemented for individuals involved in the project, such as the establishment of a safety and health program, and safety training (including traffic safety and public health) for workers etc.? (d) Are appropriate measures taken to ensure that security guards involved in the project do not violate the safety of other individuals involved, or local residents?
(a) -- (b) -- (c) -- (d) --
(a) Should be comfirmed in the EIA (b) Should be comfirmed in the EIA (c) Should be comfirmed in the EIA (d) Should be comfirmed in the EIA
5 Others (1) Impacts during Construction
(a) Are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts during construction (e.g., noise, vibrations, turbid water, dust, exhaust gases, and wastes)? (b) If construction activities adversely affect the natural environment (ecosystem), are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts? (c) If construction activities adversely affect the social environment, are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts?
(a) -- (b) -- (c) --
(a) Will be comfirmed in the EIA (b) Will be comfirmed in the EIA (c) Will be comfirmed in the EIA
(2) Monitoring
(a) Does the proponent develop and implement a monitoring program for the environmental items that are considered to be vulnerable to potential impacts? (b) What are the items, methods and frequencies of the monitoring program?
(a) -- (b) -- (c) -- (d) --
(a) Will be comfirmed in the EIA (b) Will be comfirmed in the EIA (c) Will be comfirmed in the EIA (d) Will be comfirmed in the EIA
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
49
(c) Has the proponent established an adequate monitoring framework (organization, personnel, equipment, and adequate budget to sustain the monitoring framework)? (d) Are any regulatory requirements pertaining to the monitoring report system identified, such as the format and frequency of reports from the proponent to the regulatory authorities?
6 Note Reference to Checklist of Other Sectors
(a) Where necessary, pertinent items described in the Road checklist should also be checked (e.g., projects including installation of electric transmission lines and/or electric distribution facilities).
(a) N (a) Roads will not be newly constructed
Note on Using Environmental Checklist
(a) If necessary, the impacts to transboundary or global issues should be confirmed, (e.g., the project includes factors that may cause problems, such as transboundary waste treatment, acid rain, destruction of the ozone layer, or global warming).
(a) N (a) None are assumed
1) Regarding the term “Country’s Standards” mentioned in the above table, in the event that environmental standards in the country where the project is located diverge significantly from international standards, appropriate environmental considerations are required to be made. In cases where local environmental regulations are yet to be established in some areas, considerations should be made based on comparisons with appropriate standards of other countries (including Japan's experience).
2) Environmental checklist provides general environmental items to be checked. It may be necessary to add or delete an item taking into account the characteristics of the project and the particular circumstances of the country and locality in which it is located.
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
50
5. CONFIRMATION OF THE CURRENT STATUS OF SIMILAR JAPANESE ODA LOAN PROJECT
In the Lahendong geothermal field, North Sulawesi, well LHD-23 is one of production wells which
produce acid fluids, and this fluid is separated into two branch lines. One is made from carbon steel line
(CSL) and the other one is a stainless steel line (SSL). A caustic soda of 48% is already dosed into the
bleed pipe of LHD-23 to shift the pH value slightly to the alkaline side.
Two 48% caustic soda tanks whose capacity is 30m3 were installed just beside LHD-23 in order to inject
caustic soda into it. When the neutralization system is adopted, this equipment is utilized. Alkaline
concentration is an important factor because hydrogen cracking occurs at high temperature. Therefore,
48% caustic soda should be reduced to 30% to avoid this cracking. At the site, fresh water from the river
is supplied to the caustic soda line to dilute it. 10 mg/L dissolved Oxygen is usually contained in it, and
Oxygen in fresh water is also one reason for corrosion problems. So, this gas should be removed by
de-gassing equipment.
The pH value of the acidic fluids in the reservoir is around 5 due to the un-dissociated condition of
sulfuric acid. After flushing, protons are dissociated and leached from the sulfuric acid to lower the pH
value. Therefore, the optimum dispersion depth of caustic soda should be below the flashing point.
Judging from PTS data, it is recommended that the dispersion depth of caustic soda be in the range from
a depth of 1650m to 1700 m at a well-head pressure of 0.84 MPa.
Eight month of experiments on the CS line at pH 4.5 showed that the scale deposition rate was
18mm/year near the dosing point. This causes a clogged condition near the dispersion point, and steam
production decreases. There are two ways to solve this problem. One is for pH modification to be in the
range from 4 to 4.5. In this case, at the beginning stage (the first one or two months), pH is modified to
4.5 to make a thin scale film on the pipe to protect it from corrosion, and next, the pH value is shifted to
4.0 to control the growth rate of scale on the pipe. This is the best way to operate the system. The
implementation plan for corrosion and scale testing should be carried out to estimate the actual scale
thickness. Rough cost estimates for 5 MW and 15 MW of LHD-23 were calculated, and these are
itemized below. The whole system for the neutralization method is also shown below.
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
51
Table 9 Cost Estimates for LHD-23 in the Case of 5 MW and 15 MW
Chemical cost unit 5MW 15MW RemarksA The amount of 48%-NaOH t/D 2.4 7.2 From field dataB Purchase price of 48%-NaOH US$/t 300 300C Dosing day day/y 340 300(1) Year cost US$/y 244,800 648,000
Surface equipment costD Dosing pump US$ 15,000 15,000 one unitE Monitoring system US$ 70,000 70,000 pH & FeF Pipe US$ 12,000 20,000G Weight Bar US$ 1,500 3,000H Lubricator US$ 2,000 2,000I winch truck US$ 150,000 150,000 8 years for service lifeJ Service life y 8 4(2) Year cost 31,313 46,250
Well bore equipment costK Coiled tubing(1500m) US$ 14,000 14,000L Service life y 0.5 0.3(3) Year cost 28,000 46,666
aaa Total cost=(1)+(2)+(3) US$/y 304,113 740,916
Fig.20 Permanent Dosing System for LHD-23
Annual cost
Annual cost
Annual cost
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
52
6. CONCLUDING REMARKS
Resource Development
The reservoir will be able to sustain the power generation of 110 MW for Units 3 and 4 for 30 years as
well as Units 1 and 2.
17 production wells and 8 reinjection wells (7 for brine and 1 for steam condensate) will be required to
commission the power plant operation of Units 3 and 4.
Well pads LMB5 (6 wells), LMB10 (6 wells) and LMB2 (5 wells) should be used as production well
pads for Units 3 and 4.
Environmental and social considerations
There are no serious constraints on the construction of a geothermal power plant due to the
social/natural environment.
As a result of the site survey, the existence of eight species of mammals, ten species of aves and one
species of flora were confirmed. Aves, mammals and flora are thought to be distributed all through the
forest area in and around the Lumut Balai geothermal development field. These results should contribute
to the environmental impact evaluation for those species and also to recommendations of plans to
mitigate the anticipated impacts on these species.
Land clearing in the area of Lumut Balai geothermal development field will have an impact either
directly or indirectly on wildlife. The impact will occur in the form of habitat loss or habitat
fragmentation. But the habitat and breeding area of each precious species confirmed in this survey is not
thought to be limited to the development field, but to be widely distributed in and around the
development field. Therefore, the environmental impact on the precious flora and fauna will be small
given the application of appropriate mitigation measures.
For the transmission line, PLN is now preparing to deal with environmental and social considerations on
the basis of the regulations.
8. RECOMMENDATIONS
Additional Survey and Analysis
Detailed MT survey
In order to secure and raise the success rate of well drilling in the development area for Units 3 and 4, an
additional detailed MT survey is recommended that should be conducted with high density measurement
points for the purpose of clarifying the drilling targets for wells. For example, the following
specifications for a detailed MT survey should be implemented.
Remote reference measurement
The location for remote reference should be in a place which is sufficiently far from the survey area
to avoid electro-magnetic noise.
Space between the measurement points
The space between measurement points should be decided based on the survey area and survey cost.
The recommended spacing is 500 to 1000 m.
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
53
Measurement time
The measurement time should be around 15 hours from 17:00 to 8:00 AM. If the data quality is bad,
it is recommended to continue measurement for a few days or change the direction of the
measurements.
Measurement frequency
More than 60 kinds of frequency are recommended within the range between 300 HZ to 0.005 HZ.
Measurement factors
Five factors (Ex, Ey, Hx, Hx, Hy and Hz) are recommended.
Measurement points
Assuming the space between the measurement points is 1000 m, around 40 points for the survey
area of around 6 km2 are recommended.
Update of Simulation Study
In order to optimize field development plan, resource assessment should be updated through further
reservoir modeling and simulation study after the drilling of wells for Units 3 and 4.
Horizontal discharge tests are strongly recommended to be conducted as soon as possible to confirm
deliverability and the chemical features of discharged fluids, including non-condensable gas contents in
the steam and contents in the discharged brine of the existing wells.
These tests will make clear the quality and quantity of produced steam/brine and provide essential data
for detailed plant design. Moreover, the required number of start-up wells and of make-up wells can be
examined in detail, using data obtained from these tests.
Power Plant
FCRS
For detailed planning/design, a topographic survey of pipeline routes should be carried out by
PGE.
Power Plant
For detailed planning/design of the power plant, a topographic survey and soil boring should be
carried out by PGE. Also, meteorological investigation at the prospective site should be carried
out by PGE for one (1) year for detailed planning/design of the power plant layout, storm water
drainage, cooling tower, plant performance, etc. The purpose of meteorological investigation is to
collect data including temperature (dry bulb, wet bulb), humidity, rain fall intensity, wind direction,
and wind speed.
Transportation
Several truss and concrete bridges, including a railway overpass, are found on both of the
transportation routes, i.e. Panjang seaport to site and Palembang river port to site. Accordingly, it
is strongly recommended that the EPC Contractor carry out detailed surveys, including inspection
of the heights of the truss bridges and their strength for safe transportation of the equipment and
materials, once the EPC Contractor for the power plant has been selected, so that the EPC
Contractor can confirm for itself if its equipment and materials can be transported without
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
54
problem.
O&M
In order to achieve efficient and effective O&M management, Lumut Balai Units 1 and 2 should
be the principle power plant of the whole Lumut Balai geothermal field. Under such a scheme,
Lumut Balai Units 3 and 4 would be operated remotely from Units 1 and 2. Likewise, heavy
equipment for maintenance, common spare parts, manpower, etc. could be centralized at the Unit
1 and 2 power plant.
Transmission Line and Substation
Summary
It is important that PLN should control the construction schedule for the transmission line from
Lumut Balai Geothermal power plant to Lahat substation.
275 kV Transmission line
1) Construction schedule
The transmission line from Lumut Balai Geothermal power plant to Lahat Substation must be
completed before receiving power from Lumut Balai units 1&2. If PLN applies consulting service
using JICA loan, the completion of the transmission line will not be in time by the commissioning
of Lumut Balai units 1&2. Since PLN has already substantial construction experience of 275kV
transmission line over 500km between Lahat S/S and Kiliranjao S/S, consulting service for the
275kV transmission line is not mandatory for PLN.
2) 275 kV Lahat substation
155/20kV Lahat substation will be upgraded to a 275/150/20kV substation. According to RUPTL
2010 - 2019, the construction of Lahat 275kV substation and 275kV upgrading work are scheduled
for completion in 2012 by World Bank loan. The transmission line from Lumut Balai geothermal
power plant will be connected to the 275kV Lahat substation. It is recommended that the upgrading
schedule for Lahat substation should be followed.
3) Interconnection line between Lumut Balai units 1&2 and 3&4
A transmission line connecting Lumut Balai units 1&2 and units 3&4 should be constructed. It is
recommended that early negotiations be held with PLN and PGE to agree who will construct the
transmission line, and preparation of AMDAL should be commenced for construction of the
transmission line.
Environmental and social considerations
General information about precious flora and fauna in and around the Lumut Balai geothermal power
development area were obtained by this short-term field survey. Considering seasonal changes in
situation of flora and fauna, it is desired that further impact assessment and considering about
mitigation of preservation should be conducted after the survey about vegetation and ecological
characteristic of each species as possible as they can.
Based on the results of the environmental survey, the following mitigation of impacts on precious flora
and fauna should be implemented.
- Preventing the clearing of land beyond what is absolutely necessary.
JICA Preparatory Survey for Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant Development Project (2) Final Report
55
- Replanting the precious flora that is found in the development field
- Taking care to ensure water quality during construction work (sand basin, treatment for turbid
water)
- Creation of habitat with vegetation harmonized with the environment (with plants found in the
power plant site as far as possible)
- Road and site preparation that do not create turbid water (during construction and operation)
- Considering all the conditions, preserving animal trails by lifting up part of the pipeline or
lowering the ground level, if necessary
- Patrolling to prevent hunting wild animals, and safety patrols around the project site
Study of the environmental impact of the construction of a transmission tie – line between units 1,2
and units 3,4 should be conducted after the transmission line route and responsible company have been
decided.
Implementation Plan and Costs
The feasibility of a brine binary system to get additional electricity output may be studied in the future
on the basis of the chemical and delivery data for wells which will be accumulated during commercial