The Links between Farming Systems and Human Nutrition: Valuation of externalities Workshop Session I, Theme 3: Public Health Jess Fanzo, PhD Columbia University, New York Center on Globalization and Sustainable Development
The Links between Farming Systems and Human Nutrition:
Valuation of externalitiesWorkshop Session I, Theme 3: Public Health
Jess Fanzo, PhDColumbia University, New York
Center on Globalization and Sustainable Development
South Atlantic Ocean South Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
North Pacific Ocean
<10% 10-20%
21-30% 31-40% 41-50% >51%
POPKIN The World is Fat (Penguin, Dec 2008)
Overweight and Obesity Patterns
Chronic Undernutrition: StuntingUnrealized Issue
UNICEF 2013
Known Known:Food Security and Human Development
Africa HDR 2012
Food prices
Food consumption
Food expenditure
Non-food expenditure
Nutrient intake Child nutrition outcomes
Hou
seho
ld a
sset
s an
d liv
elih
oods
Health status
Mother’s nutrition outcomes
Health care expenditure
Female employment /
resources
National nutrition outcomes
Income (agricultural and non-agricultural)
Caring capacity & practices
Female energy expenditure
Food production
Nutrition knowledge
National economic
growth
Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture: The Known Unknowns
Impact of Agriculture-Led Growth on Underweight is Modest at Best
World Bank 2013
Solutions to Support the Integration of Public Health and Food Systems
1. Bundling interventions2. Building capacity at the community level3. Using technology as a delivery channel4. Utilizing social networks for dissemination5. Rethinking the consumer
How can we harness current innovations, knowledge and evidence to improve nutrition security?
Rethinking the Consumer• Equity, equity, equity: political commitment• Women as key consumers• Consumer demand is changing• Flipping value chains• Cost of diets and re-thinking luxury foods
The Cost of a Nutritious Diet
De Pee and Bloem 2010
Additional Research
• Understanding Impact of Agriculture on Nutrition: Many unknowns on how to address nutrition that is equitable and affordable
• Quantifying Costs and Benefits: Need to cost interventions and understand the benefits and tradeoffs of nutrition sensitive value chains
• Identify ways of maximising benefits while minimising costs: Not well understood. Less cost to provide a pill?
Additional Research Needed: Affordability or
knowledge and behavior?
- 11
-
In need of transfer & possibly
more
Mainly act on education & behaviours, marketing & regulation
Not applicable
No need for food support
Do NOT have
adequate diet
Have adequate
diet
Have economic access to nutritious diet
Do NOT have economic access to nutritious diet
Food consumption dimension
Aff
ord
ab
ility
dim
en
sio
n
Need more on Policy: Better Equitable, Access to Diversity
Very, very poor
Less poor
Not poor
Moderate poor
Very poor
Staple
Staple Vegetables
Staple
Staple
Vegetables Eggs
Vegetables Eggs Meat
Staple Vegetables Eggs Meat Milk
Snack foods – high fat & sugar ‘empty
calories’
Where Can Policy Intervene?