Jeonghee

Jeong-Hee Seo, Ph.D. ([email protected])

Principal Researcher, Primary & Secondary Education Information Center, KERIS

ICT in Education Networks International Symposium11-12 June 2009, Rome, Italy

ICT in Education Networks International Symposium11-12 June 2009, Rome, Italy

Peter

Change: Leading the Future of Education or Leading Future Education

Project Overview

Concept of Digital Textbooks

Related Projects and Researches

Issues and Challenges

Contents

Peter

"Expected effects" is not in bold like the rest of the bullets?

Digital Natives Highly familiar with the digital environment

Familiar to computers rather than textbooksFamiliar to computers rather than textbooks

Skilled at multitaskingSkilled at multitasking

Seeks swift responses & immediate interaction

through the Internet.

Active, Participatory, Prosumer, DIY

Highly familiar with the digital environment

Familiar to computers rather than textbooksFamiliar to computers rather than textbooks

Skilled at multitaskingSkilled at multitasking

Seeks swift responses & immediate interaction

through the Internet.

Active, Participatory, Prosumer, DIY

Rapid Development of Technology : Ubiquitous SocietyRapid Development of Technology : Ubiquitous Society

Convergence of Internet, Broadcasting, telecommunication

Web 2.0 : Wikipedia, YouTube, Flickr…

Virtual Spaces

Cosmopolitan

Convergence of Internet, Broadcasting, telecommunication

Web 2.0 : Wikipedia, YouTube, Flickr…

Virtual Spaces

Cosmopolitan

Need for Change

Project Backgrounds

Need for Change in Education

The cultivation of the talented leaders of the futureThe cultivation of the talented leaders of the future

Vision and objectives of DT Project Vision and objectives of DT Project

Need for cultivating the future human resources

Need for cultivating the future human resources

Need for developing future-oriented learning materials Need for developing future-oriented learning materials

Basis for future-oriented,advanced education system

Basis for future-oriented,advanced education system

• Development of new human resources to lead Korea’s future• Need for a learning environment for cultivating the creative minds

• Development of new human resources to lead Korea’s future• Need for a learning environment for cultivating the creative minds

• Encourage cooperation from related ministries and add value• Take the initiative in establishing the standards for technology of digital textbook

• Encourage cooperation from related ministries and add value• Take the initiative in establishing the standards for technology of digital textbook

• Futuristic materials over the limitation of paper textbooks

• Improvement of the textbook system and introduction of the digital textbook

• Futuristic materials over the limitation of paper textbooks

• Improvement of the textbook system and introduction of the digital textbook

Participatorylearning

Activeclassrooms

Equal Rightsto Education

• Director-General of Information Policy Bureau• e-Learning Supporting Division• Digital Textbook Team

• Director-General of Information Policy Bureau• e-Learning Supporting Division• Digital Textbook Team

Digital Textbook TeamDigital Textbook Team

Advisory BoardAdvisory Board

Head : Vice MinisterHead : Vice Minister

Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Science and TechnologyScience and Technology

(MEST)(MEST)

Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Science and TechnologyScience and Technology

(MEST)(MEST)

KERISKERISKERISKERIS

Digital Textbook Task ForceDigital Textbook Task ForceDigital Textbook Task ForceDigital Textbook Task Force

Implementation Structure of DT ProjectImplementation Structure of DT Project

First stage (2002-2006) Basic studies of digital textbooks

Third stage (2013~ ) Dissemination of digital textbooks

Second stage (2007-2011)

Development of digital textbooks (25 kinds)Management of pilot schools (100 schools)Analysis of effectiveness & side effectsPreparation for distribution & system improvement

Master Plan of DT ProjectMaster Plan of DT Project

Development

Of Digital

Textbooks

6 Kinds 19 Kinds

8 shools 112 shools20 shools

Master Plan of DT Project(2)Master Plan of DT Project(2)

Development of digital textbooks and expansion of pilot tests

Running Pilot-

test Schools

※some of the national textbooks for elementary school, some of the authorized textbooks for middle schools

※including schools testing the digital textbooks and other selected schools to research on u-learning

Project Main activities Project Main activities

16 Tasks in

6 Areas

Development ofDigital

textbook

Teachertraining

Implementingthe learningenvironment

Distribution andquality

management

Improving and publicizing legal

Impact andeffectiveness

analysis

Concept of Digital Textbooks

Links to Links to national national

knowledge knowledge DBDB

Links to Links to contents owned contents owned by many institutionsby many institutions

Evaluation FunctionEvaluation Function

Learning Learning management management functionfunction

AuthoringAuthoringToolTool

FunctionFunction

Paper-based Paper-based TextbookTextbook

Plan links to HW/SW viewer

Plan for Deployment/manintenance & Repair/Quality management

Design methods for interactions among students/teachers/

computers

Develop & secure content/DB design

Link of learning management/evaluati

on/authoring tools

DigitalizationDigitalization

Concept of Digital Textbooks Concept of Digital Textbooks

Conceptual Diagram of Digital Textbooks


Comparison of paper-based and digital textbooks

Category Digital Textbooks Paper-based Textbooks

Data Type

In addition to the text and images provided in paper-based textbooks, digital textbooks offer multimedia materials.

Two-dimensional, linear

learning materials composed of text and images

Data Update Can swiftly reflect new facts and

knowledge Data is fixed, and thus is

difficult to change

Data Collection

Can be connected to diverse

education materials or public databases

Substantial time and expense

required to search for materials outside of the textbook

Media IT devices (Tablet PC/Desktop PC) Printed media

Relations with other subjects

Can link subjects of different grades,

or link with different subjects Specialized textbook in which

subjects are disconnected

Method Interactive learning can be facilitated

by connecting teachers, students, and computers

One-way learning that focuses

on delivering knowledge

Effect on Class

Enable student-centered class

activities and self-directed learning Unilateral classes, impossible to

have education tailored to learners’ level


Can be looked up whether at Can be looked up whether at schools or homesschools or homes regardless of time and space regardless of time and space

Integrates Integrates all the contents from pre-existing all the contents from pre-existing textbooks, references, workbooks, dictionariestextbooks, references, workbooks, dictionaries and and provides a provides a multimedia learning environment multimedia learning environment including videos, animations and virtual reality.including videos, animations and virtual reality.

A student-centered textbook A student-centered textbook which is designed to which is designed to promote various types of promote various types of interactioninteraction and allows and allows students to work according to their students to work according to their needs and needs and levelslevels

Definition of Digital Textbook by Korean MEST(2007)

Writing, Underlining, Making note, Moving pages etc.

Function of Digital Textbooks Function of Digital Textbooks

1. Paper-based Textbooks

Provide various multimedia contents and learning materials

Role-playRole-play

Video Clip:Let’s Meet thewriter

Video Clip:Let’s Meet thewriter

VR ContentVR Content

Animation & SimulationAnimation & Simulation

2. Abundant Learning Materials


3D figure &Planar figure3D figure &Planar figure

CompositionComposition

Voice Recognition

Voice Recognition

Tool for mapping(Social science), Drawing figures(Math), Practicing Speaking (Eng), Composing music(Music), etc.


3. Support Tools for Learning

EvaluationEvaluation

Classcare, e-Portpolio of Learners, Evaluation etc.


4. Learning Management

Lesson plans, Guidebooks for teachers, task management system

Lesson plansLesson plans

Guidebook for teachersGuidebook for teachers

HW or taskmanaging system

HW or taskmanaging system


5. Support for Teachers

Projects and Researches

Projects & Researches on Digital TextbooksProjects & Researches on Digital Textbooks

Projects related to digital textbook

2004. A prototype on social science, science was developed and put into experimental use

2005. Research on standardization

2005~’06 Develop math digital textbook prototype and put into practice

2006. Research on Future classroom/New devices and content for future

2006~’07. Research on digital textbook for the disabled

2002. 4. 23. A mid-term project to develop and distribute digital textbooks was established

※ KERIS nominated as the organization in full charge of the project

Basic Studies: 2002~2006(7)


Pilot development and application : 2007~2008

Researches on - The standard system for DT - Ways of teaching and learning with DT - Analysis of Interaction in DT use context - Effectiveness of DT

※ 9 subjects for 5th graders

2008~’09. 2nd Pilot production of digital textbooks

2007. 1st Pilot production of digital textbooks

※ 6 subjects for 6th graders

2007~2008. Development of DT platform ※ Window-based DT platform/Open-software-based DT platform


Research on the Effectiveness of Digital Textbook(e.g.)


Period : 2008. 4 ~ 2009. 1

Participants : 24 schools(18 DT pilot schools + 6control schools), 2,193 students(5th graders)

Variables & Instrument

- Academic achievement scores for 5 subjects(Korean, Math, Science, Social studies, English) : Develop test items and a test sheets in each subject

- Self-directed learning skills, Problem-solving skills, Learning attitude : Reliable and verified questionnaire(5-likert scale)

Procedure & Method

- Measure student’ achievement 3 times(1st Final test, 2nd mid-term test, 2nd final test), conduct MANCOVA

- Measure perceived students’ self-directed learning skills, problem-solving skills, learning attitude, compare mean of both groups(t-test)

Results of the Effectiveness of DT


Urban Area Rural Area

Korean - DT

Math DT DT

English - DT

Science DT DT

Social Studies DT DT(p< .05).

DT using students in the urban area had significantly higher mean scores in Science, Social Science, and Korean compared to that of the PT students. The DT groups in the rural area scored significantly higherscores in all 5 subjects.

Achievement

Results of the Effectiveness of DT(rural area)


18.5

19

19.5

20

20.5

21

21.5

22

22.5

23

1차 2차 3차

DTPT

Achievement

KoreanKorean

MathMath

EnglishEnglish ScienceScienceSocial StudiesSocial Studies

MathMath



2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.1

전체평균 ( )주인의식 효능감 메타인지 정보탐색 및 과제해설 내재적 동기 및 자기성찰

DT PT

Self-directed learning skills

In the rural area, mean score of the DT group was significantly high as well as ownership, meta-cognition, information exploration and problem-solving, and internal motivation and self-reflection(p<.05). But, there was no significant difference between the DT and the PT groups in the urban area.



Learning attitude to subjects

Problem-solving Skillsthere were no significant differences in both the rural and the urban students in problem recognition, dispersed thinking, and planning ability factors.In-depth research was also conducted in problem-solving skills - In 5 schools, Develop lesson plans to raise student’s problem-solving skills, applied for 1~2 month- Develop performance-based questionnaires(open-ended) and applied for research Significant difference in the use of digital textbooks, as well as lesson treatment effects( DT > PT). Researchers also agreed that lesson treatment effects were much bigger than the media effects.

In the urban area, there were no differences between the DT and thePT group’s learning attitude scoresIn the rural area, mean scores for learning attitude to English and Social Science of the DT group were significantly higher than that of the PT group.

Issues and Challenges

Issues and ChallengesIssues and Challenges

Practical Problems Regarding Tablet PC Costs

The price of Tablet PC is in decline thanks to advances in technology

High cost indicates difficulty in distribution to schools

Is it possible to develop learning devices around 100 USD?

Cooperation with technology-related institutions to develop Tablet PCs at the lowest price with the highest quality

Peter

Added: cost to "Current distribution of"


Effectiveness of Digital Textbooks

The result of 2008 studies told us that DT was more helpful to the students living in rural area. But it’s not clear the reason and which factors of DT bring about the result. Continued research is needed.

Consistent study is needed to prove the effectiveness of digital textbooks in the long-term.

The impact of digital textbook has to be expanded to and clarified in 21st century skills like creativity, problem solving skills, collaboration skills etc.

Peter



Students' Health and Socialization

Until now, the result of related studies is showing us green light about DT, but efforts should be made to minimize the side effects and we have to keep an eye on this issues through researches.

Will there be any health problems such as VDT syndrome resulting from long-term influence of electronic boards and TPC lessons?

Are there any chances of decreasing interaction between teachers and students and among students in DT class?

Is there any problem raised by using DT in terms of student’s socialization ?

Peter



Developing Teaching/Learning Models

※ Teaching support system like LMS or LCMS helps teachers facilitate and manage students' learning more effectively and efficiently

Students take part in class as active learners, owners of their learning, collaborative learning partners and studnets can direct their own lessons appropriate to their levels

Teachers are to take the role of advisors and learning facilitators to guide the students

There is a need to develop various teaching/learning models suitable for digital textbooks using learning environment.

Peter


Dr. Jeong-Hee Seo ([email protected])

Jeonghee

Technology

digital natives

preexisting textbooks

authorized textbooks

national textbooks

digital environment

function of digital

textbook media

linear learning materials