JEL 分类系统 Journal of Economic Literature classification ...

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JEL分类系统

（Journal of Economic Literature classification System）

目录

A - General Economics and Teaching 经济学总论和教学

B - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology 经济思想流派和方法

C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods 数理和数量方法

D - Microeconomics 微观经济学

E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics 宏观经济学和货币经济学

F - International Economics 国际经济学

G - Financial Economics 金融经济学

H - Public Economics 公共经济学

I - Health, Education, and Welfare 健康、教育和福利

J - Labor and Demographic Economics 劳动和人口统计学

K - Law and Economics 法和经济学

L - Industrial Organization 产业组织

M - Business Administration and Business Economics；Marketing; Accounting

企业管理和企业经济；市场营销；会计

N - Economic History 经济史

O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth

经济发展，技术变化和经济增长

P - Economic Systems 经济体系

Q-Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological

Economics

农业和自然资源经济学；环境和生态经济学

R - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics 城市、农村和区域经济学

Y - Miscellaneous Categories 综合类别

Z - Other Special Topics 其他特殊科目

本分类系统根据美国经济学会《经济文献杂志》（Journal of Economic Literature）对经济学文献主题的分类，由《金融研究》编辑部翻译，仅供作者和读者参考。

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A - General Economics and Teaching 经济学总论和教学 A1 - General Economics 经济学总论

A10 - General 总论

A11 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists

经济学的作用；经济学家的作用；经济学家市场

A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines 经济学与其它学科的关系

A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values 经济学与社会价值的关系

A14 - Sociology of Economics 经济学的社会性

A19 - Other 其它

A2 - Economics Education and Teaching of Economics 经济学教育和教学


A21 - Pre-college大学前的教育

A22 - Undergraduate 大学教育

A23 - Graduate 研究生教育

A29 - Other 其它

A3 - Multisubject Collective Works 多主题论文集


A31 - Multisubject Collected Writings of Individuals多主题的个人论文集

A32 - Multisubject Volumes 多主题的卷（册）

A39 - Other 其它

B - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology

经济学思想流派和方法论 B0 - General 总论

B00 - General 总论

B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925经济学思想史（至 1925年）


B11 - Preclassical 古典前

B12 - Classical 古典的

B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 新古典（至 1925年）

B14 - Socialist; Marxist 社会主义；马克思主义

B15 - Historical; Institutional 历史学派；制度学派

B16 - History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical

经济学思想史：数量和数理方法

B19 - Other 其它

B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925经济学思想史（1925年以来）


B21 - Microeconomics 微观经济学



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B22 - Macroeconomics 宏观经济学

B23 - History of Economic Thought: Econometrics; Quantitative and Mathematical

Studies 经济思想史：经济计量方法；数量和数理方法研究

B24 - Socialist; Marxist; Sraffian 社会主义；马克思主义；斯拉法主义

B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian 历史学派；制度学派；演化学派；

奥地利学派

B29 - Other 其它

B3 - History of Thought: Individuals 思想史：个体


B31 - Individuals 个体

B32 - Obituaries 已去世的

B4 - Economic Methodology 经济学方法


B41 - Economic Methodology经济学方法

B49 - Other 其它

B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches 当前的非主流方法


B51 - Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian 社会主义；马克思主义；斯拉法主义

B52 - Institutional; Evolutionary制度学派；演化学派

B53 - Austrian 奥地利学派

B54 - Feminist Economics女性主义经济学

B59 - Other 其它

C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods 数理和数量方法 C0 - General 总论

C00 - General 总论

C01 – Econometrics 经济计量方法

C02 - Mathematical Methods 数理方法

C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General 计量和统计方法：总论


C11 - Bayesian Analysis 贝叶斯分析

C12 - Hypothesis Testing 检验假设

C13 - Estimation 估计

C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods 半参数和非参数方法

C15 - Simulation Methods模拟方法

C16 - Specific Distributions 特定分布

C19 - Other 其它

C2 - Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models; Single Variables

计量经济方法：单方程模型；单变量


C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models 横截面模型；空间

分析模型；组间比较效应模型

C22 - Time-Series Models 时间序列模型

C23 - Models with Panel Data 面板模型

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C24 - Truncated and Censored Models截断和删失数据模型

C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models

离散回归和定性选择模型

C29 - Other 其它

C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models多变量或联立方程模型


C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models

横截面模型；空间分析模型；组间比较效应模型

C32 - Time-Series Models时间序列模型

C33 - Models with Panel Data面板数据模型

C34 - Truncated and Censored Models 截断和删失数据模型

C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models

离散回归和定性选择模型

C39 - Other 其它

C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics 经济计量和统计方法：

特定领域


C41 - Duration Analysis 可持续性分析

C42 - Survey Methods 调查方法

C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation 指数和加总

C44 - Statistical Decision Theory; Operations Research 统计决策理论；运算研究

C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics 神经网络和相关领域

C46 - Specific Distributions特定分布

C49 - Other 其它

C5 - Econometric Modeling计量经济模型


C51 - Model Construction and Estimation 模型的构建和估计

C52 - Model Evaluation and Selection 模型的评估和选择

C53 - Forecasting and Other Model Applications 预测和模型的其它应用

C59 - Other 其它

C6 - Mathematical Methods and Programming 数理方法和规划


C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis

最优化技术，规划模型，动态分析

C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium 均衡的存在和稳定条件

C63 - Computational Techniques计算技术 C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools 混合

数理工具

C67 - Input–Output Models 投入－产出模型

C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models 可计算的一般均衡模型（CGE模型）

C69 - Other 其它

C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory博弈论与讨价还价理论


C71 - Cooperative Games 合作博弈

C72 - Noncooperative Games 非合作博弈

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C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games

随机和动态博弈；进化博弈；重复博弈

C78 - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory 讨价还价理论；匹配理论

C79 - Other 其它

C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs

数据搜集和数据估计方法；计算机程序


C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data

微观数据的搜集、估计和组织方法

C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data

宏观数据的搜集、估计和组织方法

C87 - Econometric Software 计量经济学软件

C88 - Other Computer Software 其它计算机软件

C89 - Other 其它

C9 - Design of Experiments 试验设计 C90 - General 总论

C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior 实验室，个体行为 C92 - Laboratory, Group

Behavior 实验室，群体行为 C93 - Field Experiments 现场试验

C99 - Other 其它

D - Microeconomics 微观经济学 D0 - General 总论

D00 - General 总论

D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles 微观经济行为：原理

D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations 制度：设计，形成以及运转

D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics 家庭行为和家庭经济学


D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory 消费经济学：理论

D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis消费经济学：实证分析

D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation 家庭生产和家庭内部分配

D14 - Personal Finance 个人理财

D18 - Consumer Protection 消费者保护

D19 - Other 其它

D2 - Production and Organizations 生产和组织


D21 - Firm Behavior 公司行为

D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights

组织行为；交易成本；产权

D24 - Production; Cost; Capital and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity

生产；成本；资本和全要素生产率；生产能力

D29 - Other 其它

D3 – Distribution 分配


D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions 个人收入，财富及其分配



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D33 - Factor Income Distribution 要素收入分配

D39 - Other 其它

D4 - Market Structure and Pricing市场结构和定价


D41 - Perfect Competition 完全竞争

D42 - Monopoly 垄断

D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection 寡头和其它形式的不完全竞争

D44 - Auctions 拍卖

D45 - Rationing; Licensing 配给；许可证

D46 - Value Theory 价值理论

D49 - Other 其它

D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium一般均衡和非均衡


D51 - Exchange and Production Economies 交换和生产经济

D52 - Incomplete Markets 不完全市场

D53 - Financial Markets 金融市场

D57 - Input–Output Tables and Analysis 投入－产出表以及分析

D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models

可计算的以及其它应用性的一般均衡模型

D59 - Other 其它

D6 - Welfare Economics 福利经济学


D61 - Allocative Efficiency; Cost–Benefit Analysis 配置效率；成本－收益分析

D62 - Externalities 外部性

D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

公平、公正、不平等以及其它规范性标准及测度

D64 - Altruism 利他主义

D69 - Other 其它

D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making集体决策分析


D71 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations 社会选择；俱乐部；委员会；协会

D72 - Economic Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and

Voting Behavior 政治过程中的经济模型：寻租，选举，立法以及投票行为

D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption 官僚主

义；公共组织中的行政管理过程；腐败

D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances 冲突；冲突的和解；联盟

D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation

政策制定和执行的规范分析

D79 - Other 其它

D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty 信息，知识和不确定性


D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty

风险和不确定下的决策标准

D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information 非对称和私人信息



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D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief

搜集；学习；信息和知识；交流；信念

D84 - Expectations; Speculations 预期；推测

D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory 网络的形成和分析：理论

D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory 契约经济学：理论

D87 – Neuroeconomics 神经经济学

D89 - Other 其它

D9 - Intertemporal Choice and Growth 跨期选择和增长


D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving

跨期消费选择；生命周期模型和储蓄

D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing

公司跨期选择和增长、投资或融资

D99 - Other 其它

E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics宏观经济学和货币经

济学 E0 - General 总论

E00 - General 总论

E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth

国民收入和生产帐户以及财富的测量和数据

E1 - General Aggregative Models 一般总量模型


E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary 马克思主义；斯拉法主义；制度学派；

演化学派

E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian 凯恩斯；凯恩斯主义；后凯恩斯主义

E13 - Neoclassical 新古典

E17 - Forecasting and Simulation 预测和模拟

E19 - Other 其它

E2-Macroeconomics:Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and

Investment 宏观经济学：消费，储蓄，生产，就业和投资


E21 -Consumption; Saving; Wealth消费；储蓄；财富

E22 - Capital; Investment; Capacity 资本；投资；生产能力

E23 - Production 生产

E24 -Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution

就业；失业；工资；代际之间的收入分配

E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution 总要素收入分配

E26 - Informal Economy; Underground Economy 非正式经济；地下经济


E29 - Other 其它

E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles价格，商业波动和周期




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E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation 价格水平；通货膨胀；通货紧缩

E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles 商业波动；周期


E39 - Other 其它

E4 - Money and Interest Rates货币与利率


E41 - Demand for Money 货币需求

E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System

货币体系；标准；体制；政府和货币体系

E43 - Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates

利率的决定；利率的期限结构

E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy 金融市场和宏观经济


E49 - Other 其它

E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

货币政策，中央银行以及货币和信贷的供给


E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers 货币供给；信贷；货币乘数

E52 - Monetary Policy货币政策

E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies 中央银行及其政策

E59 - Other 其它

E6 - Macroeconomic Policy Formation, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public

Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, and General Outlook宏观经济政策，公共金融的

宏观经济层面，宏观经济政策和总体展望


E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination

政策目标；政策设计和一致性；政策协调

E62 - Fiscal Policy 财政政策

E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization

财政和货币政策的比较或联合分析；稳定性

E64 - Incomes Policy; Price Policy 收入政策；价格政策

E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes 特定政策事件的研究

E66 - General Outlook and Conditions 总体展望和形势

E69 - Other 其它

F - International Economics 国际经济学 F0 - General 总论

F00 - General 总论

F01 - Global Outlook 全球展望

F02 - International Economic Order 国际经济秩序

F1 - Trade 贸易


F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade 新古典贸易模型

F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies



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不完全竞争和规模经济的贸易模型

F13 - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations贸易政策；国际贸易组织

F14 - Country and Industry Studies of Trade 贸易的国家和行业研究

F15 - Economic Integration 经济一体化

F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions 贸易和劳动力市场的相互影响

F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation 贸易预测和模拟

F18 - Trade and Environment 贸易和环境

F19 - Other 其他

F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business

国际要素流动和国际商务


F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements 国际投资；长期资本流动

F22 - International Migration 国际移民

F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business 跨国公司；国际商务

F24 – Remittances汇款

F29 - Other 其它

F3 - International Finance 国际金融


F31 - Foreign Exchange 外汇 F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital

Movements

经常帐户调整；短期资本流动

F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions 国际货币安排和制度 F34 -

International Lending and Debt Problems 国际借贷问题

F35 - Foreign Aid 国外援助

F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration 经济一体化的金融层面

F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation 国际金融的预测和模拟

F39 - Other 其它

F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance

国际贸易和金融的宏观层面


F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics 开放经济的宏观经济学

F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission 国际政策协调和传导

F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies 开放经济的经济增长

F47 - Forecasting and Simulation 预测和模拟

F49 - Other 其它

F5 - International Relations and International Political Economy

国际关系和国际政治经济学


F51 - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions 国际冲突；谈判；制裁

F52 - National Security; Economic Nationalism 国家安全；经济民族主义

F53 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations

国际协议和执行；国际组织

F54 - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism 殖民主义；帝国主义；后殖民主义

F59 - International Relations and International Political Economy: Other



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国际关系和国际政治经济学：其它

G - Financial Economics 金融经济学 G0 - General 总论

G00 - General 总论

G1 - General Financial Markets 金融市场总论


G11 - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions 证券组合选择；投资决策

G12 - Asset Pricing; Trading volume; Bond Interest Rates 资产定价；交易额；债券利率

G13 - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing 随机定价；期货定价

G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies信息和市场有效性；事件研究

G15 - International Financial Markets 国际金融市场

G18 - Government Policy and Regulation 政府政策和管制

G19 - Other 其它

G2 - Financial Institutions and Services 金融机构和服务


G21 - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

银行；其它存款机构；小额金融机构；抵押机构

G22 - Insurance; Insurance Companies 保险业；保险公司

G23 - Pension Funds; Other Private Financial Institutions

退休（养老）基金；其它私人金融机构

G24 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Rating Agencies

投资银行；风险投资；经纪业；评级机构

G28 - Government Policy and Regulation政府政策和管制

G29 - Other 其它

G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance 公司财务和公司治理


G31 - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies

资本预算；固定投资和存货研究

G32 -Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership

Structure融资政策；金融风险和风险管理；资本和所有权结构

G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation 破产；清算

G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance

合并；收购；重组；公司治理

G35 - Payout Policy 支付政策

G38 - Government Policy and Regulation 政府政策和管制

G39 - Other 其它

H - Public Economics 公共经济学 H0 - General 总论

H00 - General 总论

H1 - Structure and Scope of Government 政府结构和范围


H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government政府的结构、范围和业绩



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H19 - Other 其它

H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue 税收，补贴和（税收）收入


H21 - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation 效率；最优税收

H22 - Incidence （税收）归宿

H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies

外部性；再分配效应；环境税收和补贴

H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies

个人收入和其它非营业税和补贴

H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies 营业税和补贴

H26 - Tax Evasion 逃税（避税）

H27 - Other Sources of Revenue 其它（税收）收入来源

H29 - Other 其它

H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

财政政策和经济单位的行为


H31 - Household 家庭

H32 - Firm 个人

H39 - Other 其它

H4 - Publicly Provided Goods公共供给的产品


H41 - Public Goods 公共产品

H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods 私人产品的公共供给

H43 - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate 项目评估；社会折现率

H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets 公共供给的产品：混合市场

H49 - Other 其它

H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies

政府支出和相关政策


H51 - Government Expenditures and Health 政府支出和卫生健康

H52 - Government Expenditures and Education 政府支出和教育

H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs政府支出和福利规划

H54 - Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock

基础建设；其它公共投资和资本存量

H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions 社会保障和公共养老金

H56 - National Security and War 国家安全和战争

H57 - Procurement （政府）采购

H59 - Other 其它

H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt 国家预算，赤字和债务


H61 - Budget; Budget Systems 预算；预算体系

H62 - Deficit; Surplus 赤字；盈余

H63 - Debt; Debt Management 债务；债务管理

H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt 预算，赤字和债务的预测



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H69 - Other 其它

H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations

州和地方政府；政府间的关系


H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue州和地方税收，补贴以及（税收）

收入

H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures 州和地方预算以及支出

H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects 跨（行政）区差别及其效应

H74 - State and Local Borrowing 州和地方政府的借款

H75 - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare

州和地方政府：健康，教育和福利

H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories州和地方政府：其它支

出类别

H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession

政府间的关系；联邦主义；退出（联邦）

H79 - Other 其它

H8 - Miscellaneous Issues 其它（各种各样）观点


H81 - Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, and Credits 政府借款，借款担保和信贷

H82 - Governmental Property 政府财产

H83 - Public Administration 公共管理

H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods

国际财政观点；国际公共产品

H89 - Other 其它

I - Health, Education, and Welfare 健康，教育和福利 I0 - General 总论

I00 - General 总论

I1 - Health 健康


I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets 卫生（健康）服务市场分析

I12 - Health Production卫生产品

I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health 政府政策；管制；公共（卫生）健康

I19 - Other 其它

I2 - Education 教育


I21 - Analysis of Education 教育分析

I22 - Educational Finance 教育财政

I23 - Higher Education Research Institutions 高等教育研究机构

I28 - Government Policy 政府政策

I29 - Other 其它

I3 - Welfare and Poverty 福利和贫困


I31 - General Welfare 福利总论



13

I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty 贫困的测量和分析

I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

政府政策；福利项目的提供和效应

I39 - Other 其它

J - Labor and Demographic Economics 劳动和人口统计经济学 J0 - General 总论

J00 - General 总论

J01 - Labor Economics: General 劳动经济学：总论

J08 - Labor Economics Policies 劳动经济学政策

J1 - Demographic Economics 人口统计经济学


J11 - Demographic Trends and Forecasts 人口统计的趋势和预测

J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure 结婚；婚姻解组；家庭结构

J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

生育；计划生育；儿童照料；儿童；（青）少年

J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped

老年人经济学；残疾人经济学

J15 - Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination

少数民族和种族经济学；非劳动歧视

J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

性别经济学；非劳动歧视

J17 - Value of Life; Foregone Income 生命价值；放弃的收入

J18 - Public Policy 公共政策

J19 - Other 其它

J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor 劳动力的需求和供给


J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure 劳动力和就业，规模以及结构

J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply 时间分配和劳动力供给

J23 –Labor Demand 劳动力需求

J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

人力资本；技巧；职业选择；劳动生产率

J26 - Retirement; Retirement Policies 退休；退休政策

J28 - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy 安全；工作满意度；相关公共政策

J29 - Other 其它

J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs 工资，薪酬和劳动成本


J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials工资水平和结构；工资差别

J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions 非工资劳动力成本和收益；私

人养老金

J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods 薪酬组合（设计）；支付方法

J38 - Public Policy 公共政策

J39 - Other 其它



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J4 - Particular Labor Markets 特殊劳动力市场


J41 - Labor Contracts 劳动契约（合同）

J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets 买家垄断市场；分割的劳动力市场

J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets 农业劳动力市场

J44 - Professional Labor Markets and Occupations 专业劳动力市场和职业

J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets 公共部门的劳动力市场

J48 - Public Policy公共政策

J49 - Other 其它

J5 - Labor–Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining

劳资关系，贸易同盟以及集体讨价还价


J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects 贸易同盟：目标，结构和效应

J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining

解决纠纷：罢工，仲裁以及调解；集体讨价还价

J53 - Labor–Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence劳资关系；行业法规 J54 -

Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms 生产者合作；劳动者管理的公司（自治公司）

J58 - Public Policy 公共政策 J59 - Other 其它 J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies 流动，失业以及职位空缺 J60 - General 总论 J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers 劳动力的地理间流动；移民工人 J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility 工作，职业及跨代之间的流动 J63 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs 流动；职位空缺；临时解雇 J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search 失业：模型，持续性，归宿以及寻找工作 J65 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings 失业保险；离职费；工厂关闭 J68 - Public Policy 公共政策 J69 - Other 其它 J7 - Labor Discrimination 劳动歧视 J70 - General 总论 J71 – Discrimination歧视 J78 - Public Policy 公共政策 J79 - Other 其它 J8 - Labor Standards: National and International 劳动标准：国家内和国际的 J80 - General 总论 J81 - Working Conditions 工作条件 J82 - Labor Force Composition 劳动力构成 J83 - Workers' Rights 工人权利 J88 - Public Policy 公共政策 J89 – Other其它



15

K - Law and Economics 法和经济学 K0 - General 总论

K00 - General 总论

K1 - Basic Areas of Law 法的基本领域


K11 - Property Law 财产法

K12 - Contract Law 合同法

K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability 民法和产品责任

K14 - Criminal Law 刑法

K19 - Other 其他

K2 - Regulation and Business Law 管制和企业法


K21 - Antitrust Law 反垄断法

K22 - Corporation and Securities Law 公司法和证券法

K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law 管制的行业和管理法规

K29 - Other 其他

K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law 法的其他重要领域


K31 - Labor Law 劳动法

K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law 环境法、健康法和安全法

K33 - International Law 国际法

K34 - Tax Law 税法

K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law 个人破产法

K36 - Family and Personal Law 家庭和个人法

K39 - Other 其他

K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior 法律程序、法律体

系和违法行为


K41 - Litigation Process 诉讼过程

K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law 违法行为和法律实施

K49 - Other 其他

L - Industrial Organization 产业组织 L0 - General 总论

L00 - General 总论

L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance 市场结构；企业

战略和市场绩效


L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms

生产、定价和市场结构；企业规模分布

L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies垄断；垄断战略

L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets 寡头和其他不完全竞争市场

L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks



16

交易关系；合同和信誉；网络

L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility

信息和产品质量；标准和兼容性

L16-Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure;

Industrial Price Indices产业组织和宏观经济学；宏观产业结构；行业价格指数

L17 - Open Source Products and Markets 开源性产品和市场

L19 - Other 其他

L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior 企业目标、组织和行为


L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm 企业商业目标

L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure: Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical

Integration; Conglomerates; Subsidiaries

企业组织和市场结构：市场&层级；纵向一体化；合并；附属营业（子公司）

L23 - Organization of Production 生产组织

L24 - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing 外包；合资；技术许可

L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification and Scope, Age, Profit, and Sales

企业绩效：规模、多元化和范围，存续期、利润和销售

L26 - Entrepreneurship 企业家

L29 - Other 其他

L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise 非盈利性组织和公用企业


L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs 非盈利性机构；非政府组织

L32 - Public Enterprises 公用企业

L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting Out

公用企业和私人企业比较；私有化；外包

L38 - Public Policy 公共政策

L39 - Other 其他

L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies 反垄断（托拉斯）问题和政策


L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices 垄断；横向反竞争的举措

L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts

纵向整合限制；重新出售价格维持；数量折扣

L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation 合规垄断、管制或放松管制

L44- Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional

Organizations 反垄断政策和公用企业，非盈利性机构，专业组织

L49 - Other 其他

L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy 管制和行业政策


L51 - Economics of Regulation 管制经济学

L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods 行业政策；部门计划方法

L53 - Government Promotion of Firms 政府对企业的扶植

L59 - Other 其他

L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing 行业研究：制造业




17

L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics

金属和金属制品；水泥；玻璃；陶瓷

L62 - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment汽车；其他交通工具

L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment 微电子；计算机；通讯

工具

L64 - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments 其他机械；商用设备；军备武器

L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology 化学产品；橡胶；药品；生物技术产品

L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco食品；饮料；化妆品；烟草

L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather

其他非耐用消费品：衣服，纺织品，鞋子，皮革

L68 - Appliances; Other Consumer Durables；器械；其他耐用消费品

L69 - Other 其他

L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction 行业研究：初级产品

和建筑业


L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels采矿、冶炼、精加工：碳氢燃

料

L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources

采集、冶炼、精加工：其他不可再生资源

L73 - Forest Products: Lumber and Paper 林产品：木材和纸

L74 - Construction 建筑业

L78 - Government Policy 政府政策

L79 - Other 其他

L8 - Industry Studies: Services 行业研究：服务业


L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; Warehousing; e-Commerce

零售和批发业；仓储业；电子商务

L82 - Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Broadcasting, Publishing,

etc.)

娱乐；媒体（表演艺术、视觉艺术、传播、出版等行业）

L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism 体育；赌博；休闲；旅游

L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services 个性化服务，专业化服务和商业服务

L85 - Real Estate Services房地产服务

L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software信息和网络服务；计算机软

件

L87 - Postal and Delivery Services 邮递和速递服务


L89 - Other 其他

L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities 行业研究：运输和公用事业


L91 - Transportation: General 交通运输：总论

L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation: Autos, Buses, Trucks, and Water

Carriers; Ports

火车和其他地上运输：汽车、公共汽车、卡车和水上工具；港口



18

L93 - Air Transportation 空中运输

L94 - Electric Utilities 电力

L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities 燃气；管道；供水

L96 - Telecommunications 通讯

L97 - Utilities: General 公用事业：总论


L99 - Other 其他

M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing;

Accounting 企业管理和企业经济学；市场营销；会计 M0 - General 总论

M00 - General 总论

M1 - Business Administration 企业管理


M11 - Production Management 生产管理

M12 - Personnel Management 人力资源管理

M13 - Entrepreneurship 企业家

M14 - Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility 公司文化；社会责任

M19 - Other 其他

M2 - Business Economics 企业经济学


M21 - Business Economics 企业经济学

M29 - Other 其他

M3 - Marketing and Advertising市场营销和广告


M31 - Marketing 市场营销

M37 - Advertising 广告

M39 - Other 其他

M4 - Accounting and Auditing 会计和审计


M41 - Accounting 会计

M42 - Auditing 审计

M49 - Other 其他

M5 - Personnel Economics 人力资源管理学


M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions (hiring, firing, turnover, part-time,

temporary workers, seniority issues)

企业雇佣决策；晋级（雇佣，解聘，流动，业余，临时工，资历问题）

M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects (stock options, fringe

benefits, incentives, family support programs, seniority issues)

薪酬和薪酬设计及其影响（股票期权，额外福利，激励，家庭支持计划，资历问题）

M53 - Training 培训

M54 - Labor Management (team formation, worker empowerment, job design, tasks and



19

authority, work arrangemetns, job satisfaction)

劳动管理（团队形成，工人授权，工作设计，任务和职权，工作安排，工作满意度）

M55 - Labor Contracting Devices: Outsourcing; Franchising; Other

劳动合同设计：外购；特权；其他

M59 - Other 其他

N - Economic History 经济史

N0 - General 总论

N00 - General 总论

N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods

学科发展：按历史区域；来源和方法

N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations

宏观经济学和货币经济学；经济增长和波动

N10 - General, International, or Comparative 总论，国际的，或比较的

N11 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 美国；加拿大：1913年前

N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– 美国；加拿大：1913年至今

N13 - Europe: Pre-1913 欧洲：1913年前

N14 - Europe: 1913– 欧洲：1913年至今

N15 - Asia including Middle East亚洲，包括中东的

N16 - Latin America; Caribbean 拉丁美洲；加勒比海

N17 - Africa; Oceania 非洲；大洋洲

N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions 金融市场和金融机构






N25 - Asia including Middle East 亚洲，包括中东的



N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Income, and

Wealth

劳动者和消费者，人口统计；教育；卫生；收入和财富：

N30 -General, International, or Comparative (Migration) 总论，国际的，或比较的


N32 - U.S.; Canada: 1913- 美国；加拿大：1913年至今

N33 -Europe: Pre-1913 欧洲：1913年前

N34 - Europe: 1913- 欧洲：1913年至今

N35 - Asia including Middle East亚洲，包括中东的



N4 - Government, War, Law, and Regulation 政府；战争；法律；管制


N41 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913美国；加拿大：1913年前



20






N47 - Africa; Oceania 拉丁美洲；加勒比海

N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries

农业，自然资源，环境，冶炼行业









N6 - Manufacturing and Construction 制造业；建筑业









N7 - Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and

Other Services

交通，国际和国内贸易；能源、技术其他服务









N8 - Micro-Business History 小企业史










21


N9 - Regional and Urban History 地区和城市历史









O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and

Growth 经济发展、技术变化和增长

O1 - Economic Development 经济发展

O10 - General 总论

O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development 经济发展的宏观分析

O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development 经济发展的微观分析

O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products

农业；自然资源；能源；环境；其他初级产品

O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology

工业化；制造业；服务业；技术选择

O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

劳动力资源；劳动力发展；收入分配；移民

O16 - Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment;

Corporate Finance and Governance

经济发展：金融市场；储蓄和资本投资；公司财务和治理

O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements: Legal,

Social, Economic, and Political

正式和非正式部门；地下（影子）经济；制度安排：法律、社会、经济和政治的

O18 - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses对地区、城市、农村的分析

O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations

与发展有关的国际联系：国际组织的作用

O2 - Development Planning and Policy

发展计划和政策


O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy 计划模型；计划政策

O22 - Project Analysis 项目分析

O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development 发展中的财政和货币政策

O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy

贸易政策；生产要素流动政策；外汇政策

O25 - Industrial Policy 行业政策

O29 - Other 其他

O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development



22

技术变化：研究与发展


O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives 创新和发明：过程和激励

O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D 对技术创新和研发的管理

O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

技术变化：选择和结果；扩散过程

O34 - Intellectual Property Rights: National and International Issues 知识产权：国内和国

际问题

O38 - Government Policy 政府政策

O39 - Other 其他

O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity 经济增长和总要素生产率


O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models 一个部门、两个部门和多部门经济增长

模型

O42 - Monetary Growth Models 货币增长模型

O47 - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output

(Income) Convergence 经济增长测度；总要素生产率；各国间产量（收入）的收敛性

O49 - Other 其他

O5 - Economywide Country Studies 经济角度的国别研究


O51 - U.S.; Canada 美国；加拿大

O52 - Europe 欧洲

O53 - Asia including Middle East 亚洲，包括中东

O54 - Latin America; Caribbean 拉丁美洲；加勒比海

O55 - Africa 非洲

O56 - Oceania 大洋州

O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries 国别比较

P - Economic Systems 经济体系

P0 - General 总论

P00 - General 总论

P1 - Capitalist Systems 资本主义经济体系


P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform 计划，协调和改革

P12 - Capitalist Enterprises 资本主义企业

P13 - Cooperative Enterprises 合作制企业

P14 - Property Rights 财产权

P16 - Political Economy 政治经济学

P17 - Performance and Prospects 绩效和展望

P19 - Other 其他

P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies 社会主义体系和转型经济


P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform 计划，合作和改革

P22 - Prices 价格



23

P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population

要素和产品市场；行业研究；人口

P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation

国民收入，产出，支出；货币；通货膨胀

P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics; Housing; Transportation

城市；农村；地区经济；住房；交通

P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights 政治经济学；财产权


P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment 自然资源；能源；环境

P29 - Other 其他

P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions社会主义制度和转型经济


P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions 社会主义企业和其转型

P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture集体；公社；农业

P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid 国际贸易、金融、投资和援助

P34 - Financial Economics 财政经济学

P35 - Public Economics 公共经济学

P36 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics; Health,

Education and Training, Welfare, and Poverty

社会主义制度和其转型：消费经济学；卫生，教育和培训，福利和贫困

P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior 法律制度；违法行为

P39 - Other 其他

P4 - Other Economic Systems 其他经济体系


P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform计划；合作；改革

P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population

生产企业；要素和产品市场；价格；人口

P43 - Public Economics; Financial Economics 公共经济学；金融经济学

P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation

国民收入，产出，支出；货币；通货膨胀

P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid国际贸易、融资、投资和援助

P46 - Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty 消费经济学；福利和贫困


P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights 政治经济学，法律制度；财产

权

P49 - Other 其他

P5 - Comparative Economic Systems 比较经济体系


P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems 经济体系的比较分析

P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies 特殊经济的比较分析

P59 - Other 其他

Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics;

Environmental and Ecological Economics



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农业和自然资源经济学；环境和生态经济学

Q0 - General 总论

Q00 - General 总论

Q01 - Sustainable Development 可持续发展

Q1 - Agriculture 农业


Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices 总供给和总需求分析；价格

Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets

农业企业、农户和农业投入市场的微观分析

Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness

农产品市场和销售；合作；农业贸易

Q14 - Agricultural Finance 农业融资

Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation

土地所有权和使用权；土地改革；土地利用；灌溉

Q16 - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Agricultural Extension Services

农业研发；农业技术；农业衍生服务

Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade 国际贸易中的农业

Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy 农业政策；食品政策

Q19 - Other 其他

Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation 可再生资源和资源保护


Q21 - Demand and Supply 需求和供给

Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture渔业和水产业

Q23 - Forestry 森林

Q24 - Land 土地

Q25 - Water 水

Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources

自然资源的休养层面

Q27 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade

可再生资源和资源保护：国际贸易中的问题

Q28 - Government Policy 政府政策

Q29 - Other 其他

Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation

不可再生资源和资源保护



Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development

可耗竭资源和经济发展

Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts

自然资源、国内和国际冲突

Q33 - Resource Booms 资源泡沫


Q39 - Other 其他



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Q4 - Energy 能源



Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources 可替代的能源

Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy 能源和宏观经济


Q49 - Other 其他

Q5 - Environmental Economics 环境经济学


Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects 环境影响评估

Q52 - Pollution Control Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects

污染控制成本；分配影响；就业影响

Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling

空气污染；水污染；噪音；有害废物；固体废物；回收再利用

Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters 天气；自然灾害

Q55 - Technological Innovation 技术创新

Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability;

Environmental Accounting; Environmental Equity

环境和发展；环境和贸易；可持续性；环境的度量；环境价值

Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation;

Bioeconomics

生态经济学：生态服务；生物多样化保护；生物经济学


Q59 - Other 其他

R - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics

城市、农村和区域经济学

R0 - General 总论

R00 - General 总论

R1 - General Regional Economics 一般区域经济学


R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes

区域经济：增长，发展和变化

R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade

区域经济的规模和空间分布；区域间的贸易

R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies

区域经济学的一般均衡和福利经济学分析

R14 - Land Use Patterns 土地使用模式

R15 - Econometric and Input–Output Models; Other Models

计量经济学和投入产出模型；其他模型

R19 - Other 其他

R2 - Household Analysis 家庭分析




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R21 - Housing Demand 住房需求

R22 - Other Demand 其他需求

R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

地区间迁移；地区劳动力市场；人口

R29 - Other 其他

R3 - Production Analysis and Firm Location

产出分析和企业分布


R31 - Housing Supply and Markets 房屋供给和市场

R32 - Other Production and Pricing Analysis 其他产出和定价分析

R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets非农业和非居住用不动产

市场

R34 - Input Demand Analysis 投入需求分析

R38 - Government Policies; Regulatory Policies 政府政策；管制政策

R39 - Other 其他

R4 - Transportation Systems 交通运输体系


R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Safety and Accidents;

Transportation Noise 交通运输：需求，供给、堵塞；安全和事故；交通噪音

R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis 政府和私人投资分析

R48 - Government Pricing; Regulatory Policies 政府定价；管制政策

R49 - Other 其他

R5 - Regional Government Analysis 地区政府分析


R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies城市经济和农村经济中的融资

R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations 土地使用和其他管制

R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock

公用事业选址分析：公共投资和资本存量

R58 - Regional Development Policy 地区发展政策

R59 - Other 其他

Y - Miscellaneous Categories 综合类别

Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts 数据：表格和图

Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts 数据：表格和图

Y2 - Introductions and Prefaces 引论和前言

Y20 - Introductions and Prefaces 引论和前言

Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified) 书评（未分类）

Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified) 书评（未分类）

Y4 - Dissertations 论文（未分类）

Y40 - Dissertations 论文（未分类）

Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified) 进一步的阅读材料（未分类）

Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified) 进一步的阅读材料（未分类）

Y6 - Excerpts 摘录

Y60 - Excerpts摘录



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Y8 - Related Disciplines 相关学科

Y80 - Related Disciplines 相关学科

Y9 - Other 其他

Y90 - Other 其他

Z - Other Special Topics 其他特殊科目

Z0 - General 总论 Z00 - General 总论

Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology

文化经济学；经济社会学；经济人类学

Z10 - General 总论

Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature 艺术和文学的经济学

Z12 - Religion 宗教

Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology 经济社会学；经济人类学

Z19 - Other 其他



JEL 分类系统 Journal of Economic Literature classification ...

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