Jehoshua (Shuki) Bruck. From Screws to Systems… The Lineage of BMW.

Jehoshua (Shuki) Bruck

From Screws to Systems…

The Lineage of BMW

C. Elegans Lineage

total of 959 cells 302 nerve cells 131 cells are destined to die

A HUGE Gap between Ability to Design and Analyze

Design Analysis

Key to the Progress in Design:Abstractions in Information Systems

Reasoning to Calculations to Physical Circuits

CircuitsBoolean Calculus

Logical reasoning

Key to the Progress in Design:Abstractions in Information Systems

Base 10

100 10 1

2 7 1 2x100 + 7x10 + 1x1 = 271

Key to the Progress in Design:Abstractions in Information Systems

Connection between Boolean Calculus and Arithmetic

4 2 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

0x4 + 1x2 + 0x1 = 2

0x4 + 1x2 + 1x1 = 3

Base 2

0 1 00 1 1+

1 0 1 1x4 + 0x2 + 1x1 = 5

Adding two binary numbers can be expressed using Boolean Algebra

Connection between Boolean Calculus and Physical Circuits

a b

c

ed

S D

dcbacedeabf

Key to the Progress in Design:Abstractions in Information Systems

a b

c

ed

S D

dcbacedeabf

Key to the Progress in Design:Abstractions in Information Systems

Connection between Boolean Calculus and Physical Circuits

Key to the Progress in Design:Abstractions in Information Systems

Shannon1916-2001

Boolean Algebra to Electrical Circuits

Logic Design

Connected Logicwith Algebra

Boolean AlgebraLogical Calculation

Boole1815-1864

Arithmetic to Boolean Calculus to Physical Circuits

x

y

z

C

S

The First Digital AdderGeorge Stibitz - 1937

George Stibitz was born in 1904 in New York City. He worked at Bell Labs in New York.  In the fall of 1937 Dr. Stibitz used surplus relays, tin can strips, flashlight bulbs, and other common items to construct his "Model K" (K stands for kitchen table) breadboard digital calculator, which was designed to display the result of the addition of two bits. 

A HUGE Gap between Ability to Design and Analyze

Design Analysis

An IST Related ChallengeUnderstanding Natural Information

SystemsClosing the gap between wonderful

measurements and poor understandingAbstract Information Systems to

formal systems to human reasoning

Natural systems

CalculusLogical

reasoning

Information Science and Technology

Planning Committee May 2002 – January 2003

•Research foci and intellectual challenges •Academic programs

•Resource planning

•Organization and road map

What Should Caltech do in IST?

IST at Caltech

Multidisciplinary Research Program Research centers involving members of Caltech at large

Multidisciplinary Academic Program Engineering and Science with focus on Information

Outreach programsSummer Schools, Executive programs, visitor programs,

workshops, …

Caltech should become the first Research University with focus on ISTwhich integrates engineering and science at a

the institute level

Key differentiator in recruiting high quality faculty and students

IST Division (school/college) at Caltech

ISTCS, EE, APH,

ACM, CNS, CDS

Chemistry

Physics

Biology Social Science

Mathematics

Economics

Involving about 25% of the facultyand 35% of the students

undergraduate and graduate programs

IST Evolution at Caltech

ISTPlanning Committee5/2002 – 1/2003

ISTResearch Centers

7/2003

ISTDivision

2005-2006

IST Faculty Hiring 2003-

ISTAcademic Planning

2004-2005

ISTBuilding Planning

2003-

IST

Physics of Information

Circuitry of Life

Four New Research CentersStarted in the Fall of 2003

Science of Markets

Mathematics of Information

Active IST Community at Caltech

Information is a First Order Concept

IST is the academic program for the‘generalist’ of the information age

like Physics was the academic program for the ‘generalist’ of the industrial age

C. Elegans Lineage

total of 959 cells 302 nerve cells 131 cells are destined to die

Control viaStochastic Chemical Reactions

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

1

2

5

4

3

AGE

GDF

FED

DCB

CBA

k

k

k

k

k

5

4

3

2

1

AGE

GDF

FED

DCB

CBA

k

k

k

k

k

5

4

3

2

1

Chemical Reactions Circuits

1

2

5

4

3

AGE

GDF

FED

DCB

CBA

k

k

k

k

k

5

4

3

2

1

Chemical Reactions Circuits

1

2

5

4

3

AGE

GDF

FED

DCB

CBA

k

k

k

k

k

5

4

3

2

1 1

2

5

4

3

Chemical Reactions Circuits

AGE

GDF

FED

DCB

CBA

k

k

k

k

k

5

4

3

2

1 1

2

5

4

3

Chemical Reactions Circuits

AGE

GDF

FED

DCB

CBA

k

k

k

k

k

5

4

3

2

1 1

2

5

4

3

Chemical Reactions Circuits

AGE

GDF

FED

DCB

CBA

k

k

k

k

k

5

4

3

2

1 1

2

5

4

3

Chemical Reactions Circuits

AGE

GDF

FED

DCB

CBA

k

k

k

k

k

5

4

3

2

1 1

2

5

4

3

Chemical Reactions Circuits

Bio Circuits vs. Combinational Logic Circuits

x

y

z

C

S

• Cyclic vs. acyclic (feedback)• Relations vs. functions • Stochastic vs. deterministic

Bio Circuits vs. Combinational Logic Circuits

Joint Work with Marc Riedel• Cyclic vs. acyclic (feedback)• Relations vs. functions • Stochastic vs. deterministic

x

y

z

C

S

optimal circuit for a

function fwithout cycles

optimal circuitfor a function f

with cycles

Cycles: a Feature or a Bug?

optimize for •cost (area) •Performance (delay)

Circuits With Cycles

a b c

1f 2f 3f

Generally exhibit time-dependent behaviorMay have unstable/unknown outputs

Generally exhibit time-dependent behaviorMay have unstable/unknown outputs

01 1

? ? ?

Circuits With Cycles

The Role of Cycles in Circuit Design?Best paper award in 2003 Design Automation

Conference

• Developed the theory and symbolic analysis methodology for cyclic combinational circuits

• Developed synthesis techniques for cyclic circuits • Caltech Cyclify = a software package for the design of combinational circuits with cycles

• Integrated Caltech Cyclify with the Berkeley design tools

• Evaluated benchmark circuits and compared with the Berkeley design tools

Optimization for Area and Delay

Berkeley SIS Caltech CYCLIFY

benchmark Area Delay Area Improvement Delay Improvement

p82 175 19 167 4.57% 15 21.05%

t1 343 17 327 4.66% 14 17.65%

in3 599 40 593 1.00% 33 17.50%

in2 590 34 558 5.42% 29 14.71%

5xp1 210 23 180 14.29% 22 4.35%

bw 280 28 254 9.29% 20 28.57%

s510 452 28 444 1.77% 24 14.29%

s1 566 36 542 4.24% 31 13.89%

duke2 742 38 716 3.50% 34 10.53%

s1488 1016 43 995 2.07% 34 20.93%

s1494 1090 46 1079 1.01% 39 15.22%

Area: number of NAND2/NOR2 gatesDelay: 1 time unit/gate

Abstractions for Design of Information Systems

Reasoning to Systems

Shannon1916-2001

Turing1912-1954

Leibniz1646-1716

Boole1815-1864

• Logic and Binary system • Calculus

Connected Logicwith AlgebraBoolean AlgebraLogical Calculation

Defined Computingvia universal machinesComputer Science

•Connected Boolean Algebra to Electrical Circuits Logic Design•Connected probability to Communications Information Theory

Calculus for Biology??

Natural systems to reasoning!!

ist.caltech.edu

Enjoy your visit to Caltech!!