Jefferson & the Republicans 1800 - 1814 HIS 103
Jefferson & the Republicans1800 - 1814
HIS 103
“The Revolution of 1800”
Peaceful transfer of power set precedent
Jefferson & Burr finished tied, so election settled in House – led to passage of 12th Amendment (1804)
Jefferson’s 1st Inaugural Address called for end to party strife
Government moved to Washington, D.C. in 1800
Washington, DC in 1800
Dismantling Hamilton’s system
Tried to pay off debt as quickly as possible
Bank of U.S. allowed to expire in 1811
Size of government reduced to cut taxes
Replaced Federalist officials with Republicans
Tried to impeach Federalist judges
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Secretary of State Madison refused to deliver Adams’ “midnight commissions”
Marshall ruled:– Marbury was entitled to
commission, but . . .– Court had no jurisdiction because
1789 Judiciary Act was unconstitutional
Set precedent of judicial review Chief Justice John Marshall
The Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis & Clark Expedition
Jefferson used loose construction to justify Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Napoleon couldn’t defend it, so sold it for $15 million
Sent Lewis & Clark Expedition to explore Missouri River, hoping for easy connection to Pacific
Meriwether Lewis & William Clark
Caught in the Middle between Britain & France
Stalemate between Great Britain & France had led each to cut off trade with the other
– Napoleon’s Continental System barred trade with Britain– British declared right to seize all neutral shipping & search for
deserters from Royal Navy (impressment) Threatened U.S. status as largest neutral carrier Jefferson responded with Embargo (1807-09)
– Cut off all foreign trade– Ruined New England merchants
Macon’s Bill #2 (1810) restored trade, but promised to renew nonintercourse with other country if either Britain or France would change their policy
Congress declared war on Britain in June 1812
The War of 1812
Americans invaded Canada but failed to conquer it
British launched 2-prong attack in 1814
– Chesapeake invasion stopped at Battle of Fort McHenry
– Champlain invasion stopped at Battle of Plattsburgh
Andrew Jackson defeated British at New Orleans (Jan. 1815)
Treaty of Ghent (Dec. 1814) restored status quo ante bellum
British Burn Washington, Aug. 1814
Dolley Madison & Gilbert Stuart’s Portrait of Washington
Effects of the War of 1812
Renewed patriotism– Francis Scott Key’s “Star Spangled Banner” becomes
national anthem– Capt. Lawrence’s cry, “Don’t give up the ship,” becomes
Navy motto
Created demand for more active federal government– Recognized Jefferson’s cuts left country woefully
unprepared– Spurred internal improvements (roads, canals, etc.)
Federalists discredited by talk of secession at the Hartford Convention (1814)
Ft. McHenry & Its Famous Flag