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Clerodendrum infortunatum )inna :erbenaceae
Clidemia hirta 7elastomataceae
Clitoria ternatea ;il(&atorod 1abaceae
Cocos nucifera )ol recaceae
Crotalaria verrucosa
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'othus scandens )ota(wel raceae
'remna obtusifolia 8el(midi :erbenaceae
'sidium gua(ava )era 7#rtaceae
'sychotria eylanica+ 6biaceae
)ichadia scrabra 6biaceae
chefflera sp. recaceae
colopia sp. 1lacortiaceae
ida acuta as(bevila 7alvaceae
+erminalia catappa ottamba /ombretaceae+rema orientalis admba ?lmaceae
+riumfetta pentandra Epala Tiliaceae
,ernonia eylanica+ )pla steraceae
-alidda antidysenterica+ dda poc#naceae
-edelia trilobata* 8edelia steraceae
.iiphus oenoplia Eramini#a 6hi@ophoraceae
3.2.1.2 A"#at$ !lora
AaticB amphibios flora consists of plant species characteristic to freshwater wetlands,
particlarl# abandoned padd# fields in the lowlands of 3ri 9an&a. The habitats available
in the wetland are of considerable diversit#. -esides the channels across the wetlands that
eventall# drain into -olgoda la&e, open water areas occr in the wetland and the# arethe relativel# deep areas of the wetland. 3ch areas are srronded b# patches of
herbaceos vegetation that consists of marsh plants.
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Glochidion Coriaceu Ephorbiaceae
Antidesma ghaesembilla -(embilla Ephorbiaceae
Glochidion stellatum irilla Ephorbiaceae
Canavalia cathartica 8al bonchi 1abaceae
&sbeckia aspera -owiti#a 7elastomataceae
!orsfieldia iryaghedhi 7alaboda 7#risticaceae
&lax "mbricata Telati#a >lacaceae
Cinnamomum sp/ rnd 9araceae
Table $ AaticB ambhibios plants in )anape wetland C ( Endemic speciesD
3cientific name :ernaclar name
Cyperus difformis
Cyperus haspanCyperus iria
Cyperus pilosus
)hyncospora corymbosacoenoplectus grossus
Echinochloa colonum
"sachne globosa'anicum repens
'andanus sp/
#ud$igia decurrens
#imnocharis flava
Monochoria vaginalis#agenandra ovata
Exacum sp/*
Thnessa
*alpan8el hiri
Thnessa
Thn hiri#a
8el mar&
-atadellaEtora
8eta&e#a
8el(&aramb
=i#a gowa
etala
-inara
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area ot of which one, i.e. 0enochrophis asperrimus C=i#a bari#aD is endemic to 3ri
9an&a. )#thons which are rare sna&es in the area ma# find their territories and nmber of
habitats shrin& once the road is constrcted and the# will become more vlnerable./innamon plantations arond rndgahahete&ma is the onl# area where the endemic
small mammal species CAxis porosnus D C8il mwa(3D are fond in 3ri 9an&a.
Table 4 presents the diversit# of btterflies, a major grop of pollinators, fond to occr
along the -/ trace while Table 5 presents the reptiles reported to occr in the area.
These species were also &nown to occr in and arond the )anape wetland.
Table 4 3pecies of btterflies recorded along the -/ trace of the sothern highwa#.
B#tter!les
The nigger
The white for(ring
The lesser grass ble
The ble tiger
The common je@ebel
The plains cpid
=ar& cerlean
The gre# pans#The peacoc& fans#
The indian dart
The Three(spot grass #ellow
/ommon crow
/ommon sailor
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Col#*r&ae
1oiga trigonata /ommon cat sna&e
Amphiesma stolatum -ff(striped &eelbac&
0enochrophis asperrimus 8ater sna&e Endemic
Ela&ae
%a(a na(a /obra
1ungarus ceylonicus 3ri 9an&an &raits EndemicB Threatened
Geo%&ae
!emidactylus brookii *ose ec&o
!emidactylus maculatus 3potted roc& gec&o
!emidactylus triedrus Termite hill gec&o
Ra%&ae #imnonectus limnocharis /ommon padd# field frog
)ana temporalis /ommon wood frog
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis 8ater s&ipper
Vara%&ae
,aranus bengalensis 9and 7onitor
,aranus salvator 8ater monitor Endemic
S$%$&ae
7ab#a carinata /ommon s&in&
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/erest&ae
!erpestes smithii 3ri 9an&a rdd# mongoose
!erpestes viticollis 3triped nec&ed mongoose Threatened
/+str$&ae
!ystrix indica )orcpine Threatened
Cer$ote$&ae
+achypithecus vetulus )rple faced leaf mon&e# Endemic
Macaca sinica ToAe mon&e# Endemic
S$#r&ae
)atufa macroura iant sAirrel
Funambulus palmarum )alm sAirrel /ommon
M#r&ae
Mus mesculus ndian hose mose /ommon
)attus ratus *ose rat /ommonB
Axis porosnus 8il mwa Endemic
3.2.2.2 A"#at$ !a#%a
nvertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, insects and mammals constitte the fana of
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&reochromis mossambicus Teppili ntrodced 1reshwater
&/ niloticus
Ca%%&ae
Channa striata ;ative 1reshwater
Channa punctata ola &ana#a ;ative 1reshwater
Clar&ae
Clarias brachisoma 7agra Endemic 1reshwater
A%a*a%t&ae
+richogasterpectoralis 7ada&ana#a ntrodced 1reshwater
Chitala ornatus* nife 1ish ntrodced 1reshwater
3.2.2.3 A0a% !a#%a
Table ! smmarises the bird diversit# associated with the wetlands of )anape . nterviews
with the villagers revealed that migrator# bird species, of which the# do not &now the
names and large birds sch as )elicans and 9arge Egrets visit this wetland dring certaintimes of the #ear. 3ince the srve# was done dring the months of ne(gst the
members of the srve# team were not able to observe them in the field.
Table ! terrestrial and aAatic birds reported to visit the wetlands of )anape
C)1 F )add# fieldG 9/ 89 F 8etland F 9ow /ontr#G ? F ?rbarn areaG )1 F bandonedpadd# fieldG * F *ome gardenG > F >pen areaG H F ll HonesG 9=H F 9owland dr# @oneG
98H F 9owland wet @oneG :/ F :er# /ommonG / F /ommonG 7i F 7igrantD
3cientific ;ameB1amil# English ;ame *abitats Stat#s
cciptridae
ccipiter badis 3hi&ra * VC
li i d h i &i B VC
http://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Channa&Species=striatahttp://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Channa&Species=punctatahttp://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Trichogaster&Species=pectoralishttp://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Trichogaster&Species=pectoralishttp://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Channa&Species=striatahttp://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Channa&Species=punctatahttp://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Trichogaster&Species=pectoralis8/11/2019 JBIC Section-Biological Environment
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;#cticorax n#cticorax ;ight heron 7B89B)1 C
/entropodidae
/entrops sinensis reater cocal * VC
/haradriidae
:anells indics 6ed(wattled lapwing >B89B)1 VC
/olmbidae
3treptopelia chinensis 3potted dove *B> VC
Treron bicincta >range breasted green pigeon * C
Treron pompadora )ompador green pigeon * C
/orvidae
egithina tiphia /ommon ora *B89 C
/orvs macrorh#chos ngle crow *B89 VC
/orvs splendens *ose /row *B89 VC
=icrrs caerlescens 8hite(bellied drongo 89B7B)1B* VC
>riols xanthorns -lac&(hooded oriole *B7 VC
/clidaeEd#nam#s scolopacea sian &oel * VC
=endroc#gnidae
=endroc#gna javanica 9esser whistling dc& 89B)1 VC
*alc#onidae
*alc#on capensis 3tor& billed &ingfisher 7B89 C
*alc#on sm#rnensis 8hite(brested &ingfisher *B)1B89B? VC
*irndinidae
*irndo darica 6ed(rmped swallow )1, 89 C
*irndo rstica -arn swallow )1, 89 VC,M
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;ectariniidae
=iacaem er#throrh#nchos Tic&ellIs flower pec&er * VC
;ectarina @e#lonica )rple(rmped snbird *B)1B89 VC
;ectarinia asiatica )rple snbird * VC
;ectarinia lotenia 9otenIs snbirds 7B* VC
)asseridae
9onchra striata 8hite(rmped mnia *B)1 VC
)elicanidae
nastoms oscitans >pen bill stor& )1B89 C
)elicans philippensis 3pot billed pelican 89
)halacrocoracidae
)halacrocorax niger 9ittle /ormorant )1B89B7 C
)hasianidae
)avo cristats ndian peafowl )1B> C
)ittidae
)itta brach#ra ndian pitta * C,M
)sittacidae
)sittacla epatria lexandrine para&eet * C
)sittacla &rameri 6ose(ring para&eet *B? VC
)#cnonotidae
)#cnonots cafer 6ed(vented blbl *B?B> VC
)#cnonots lteols 8hite(browed blbl *B?B> VC
6allidae
marornis phoenicrs 8hite(breasted waterhen 89B)1B7 VC
allinla chlorops /ommon moorhen 89B)1 C
)orph#rio porph#rio )rple swamphen 89B)1 VC
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2.1 Flora
2.1.1 Terrestral !lora
The major deviation that occrs in the -/ section of the trace lies at -andaragama area
Cbetween 0!+000 and 2"+000D and it traverses across a relativel# small Ccompared to-olgoda wetlandsD patch of wetlands sitated arond )anape ela CstreamD.
3ince the terrestrial flora is represented primaril# b# the flora of home gardensconstrction of the road ma# not lead to complete loss of these species, bt will redce
significantl# the available habitats for fana, inclding birds and particlarl# the insectsthat are of extreme importance as pollinators. *arvests from home gardens depend
largel# on the pollination sccess and when the pollinators lose habitats and ths srvivalin the area agricltral prodce too will decline.
2.1.2 A"#at$ !lora
8etlands of )anape represent an abandoned padd# field and the floral species present are
characteristic to sch environments, as sch removal of these species from the area ma#not contribte immensel# to decrease plant diversit# in general. The onl# endemic plant
species encontered in the area CExacum spD is also rare and of high potential as an
ornamental plant.
7an# wetland plant species are traditionall# sed b# the villagers for sbsistence ses
sch as sedges for weaving mats and other hosehold items and with the road
constrction sch opportnities will not be available for the villagers.
lthogh the wetland arond )anape is going to be reclaimed and changed with all the
impacts discssed herein, sggestion to deviate it to the present trace will prodce less
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endemic mammalAxis porosnuswill not be affected b# the deviated road trace, however
road &ills of this rare species ma# ta&e place as the cinnomon plantations have been
fragmented b# the major trace Ccombined traceD. )ollinators will lose habitats and thstheir role will be hampered reslting local declines in crop harvests, particlarl# frits.
2.2.2 A"#at$ !a#%a
8ith the proposed activities of the road constrction, habitats for aAatic fana,
particlarl# fish will be largel# lost permanentl#. )anape wetlands spport otters, aprotected animal in 3ri 9an&a. 6emoval of vegetation, reclamation and noise created b#
the traffic will ma&e this site nfavorable for them and ma# leave the area with time asthis wetland is connected to -olgoda la&e wetland complex and al ganga.
2.2.3 A0a% !a#%a
)anape wetland at the deviation is a site that a considerable nmber of resident as well asa few migrator# birds visit de to its sheltered localit# and relativel# low distrbance.
8ith reclaiming part of it for the road and de to sbseAent introdction of traffic, this
will become nsitable as a bird habitat and it will affect bird poplations, leading todeclining diversit# among them.
/learing vegetation will redce the habitats, food and shelter for the avifana and thiswill lead to decline in their poplation si@es. -irds are seed dispersal agents and low
nmbers of birds in the area ma# affect natral seed dispersal and in trn will negativel#
affect terrestrial plant diversit#.
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