Jazzapedia 1-In the Mood for Love

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Jazzapedia 1In The Mood For Love

ContentsArticles

Jazz fusion 1Henry Mancini 10Baby I Love You (Aretha Franklin song) 18Aretha Franklin 20Ivan Lins 29Johnny Mercer 32Esperanza Spalding 42Esperanza (Esperanza Spalding album) 52Hello, Young Lovers (song) 54Rodgers and Hammerstein 55Angela Bofill 61Chrisette Michele 65The Look of Love (1967 song) 68Feel Like Makin' Love (Roberta Flack song) 72Roberta Flack 76Phoebe Snow 81

ReferencesArticle Sources and Contributors 86Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 89

Article LicensesLicense 90

Jazz fusion 1

Jazz fusion

Jazz fusionStylistic origins Jazz, free jazz, post-bop, blues rock, psychedelic rock, funk, 20th-century classical

Cultural origins Late 1960s, United States

Typical instruments Electric guitar, piano, electric piano, drums, saxophone, trumpet, electronic keyboards, bass guitar, vocals

Derivative forms Smooth jazz, acid jazz, progressive rock, krautrock

Other topics

List of jazz fusion artists

Trumpeter Miles Davis in 1989

Jazz fusion, fusion, or jazz-rock arevariants of a musical fusion genre thatdeveloped from mixing funk and R&Brhythms and the amplification and electroniceffects of rock music, complex timesignatures derived from non-Western musicand extended, typically instrumentalcompositions with a jazz approach tolengthy group improvisations, often usingwind and brass and displaying a high levelof instrumental technique. It was createdaround the late 1960s.The term "jazz rock"is often used as a synonym for "jazz fusion"as well as for music performed by late 1960sand 1970s-era rock bands that added jazzelements to their music.

After a decade of popularity during the 1970s, fusion expanded its improvisatory and experimental approachesthrough the 1980s and 1990s. Fusion albums, even those that are made by the same group or artist, may include avariety of styles. Rather than being a codified musical style, fusion can be viewed as a musical tradition or approach.

History

1960sAllmusic Guide states that "until around 1967, the worlds of jazz and rock were nearly completely separate". Whilein the USA modern jazz and electric R&B may have represented opposite poles of blues-based Afro-Americanmusic, however, the British pop music of the beat boom developed out of the skiffle and R&B championed bywell-known jazzmen such as Chris Barber. Many UK pop musicians were steeped in jazz, though the word "rock"itself was barely used before the late 1960s except to refer to 1950s rock and roll. The prominent fusion guitaristJohn McLaughlin, for example, had played what Allmusic describes as a "blend of jazz and American R&B" withGeorgie Fame and the Blue Flames[1] as early as 1962 and continued with The Graham Bond Organisation (withJack Bruce and Ginger Baker) whose style Allmusic calls "rhythm & blues with a strong jazzy flavor".[2] Bondhimself had begun playing straight jazz with Don Rendell while Manfred Mann, who recorded a CannonballAdderley tune on their first album, when joined by Bruce turned out the 1966 EP record Instrumental Asylum, whichundoubtedly fused jazz and rock.[3]

Jazz fusion 2

These developments, though, made little overt impression in the USA. Hence music critic Piero Scaruffi argues that"credit for "inventing" jazz-rock goes to Indiana-born jazz vibraphonist Gary Burton, who "began to experiment withrock rhythms on The Time Machine (1966)". Burton recorded what Scaruffi calls "the first jazz-rock album, Duster"in 1967, with guitarist Larry Coryell.[4] Scaruffi argues that Coryell is "another candidate to inventor of jazz-rock",in that the Texas-born guitarist released the jazz-rock recording Out of Sight And Sound in 1966.[5]

Trumpeter and composer Miles Davis had a major influence on the development of jazz fusion with his 1968 albumentitled Miles in the Sky. It is the first of Davis' albums to incorporate electric instruments, with Herbie Hancock andRon Carter playing electric piano and bass guitar, respectively. Davis furthered his explorations into the use ofelectric instruments on another 1968 album, Filles de Kilimanjaro, with pianist Chick Corea and bassist DaveHolland.In 1969 Davis fully introduced the electric instrument approach to jazz with In a Silent Way, which can beconsidered Davis's first fusion album. Composed of two side-long suites edited heavily by producer Teo Macero, thisquiet, static album would be equally influential upon the development of ambient music. It featured contributionsfrom musicians who would all go on to spread the fusion evangel with their own groups in the 1970s: Shorter,Hancock, Corea, pianist Josef Zawinul, John McLaughlin, Holland, and Williams. Williams quit Davis to form thegroup The Tony Williams Lifetime with McLaughlin and organist Larry Young. Their debut record of that yearEmergency! is also cited as one of the early acclaimed fusion albums.

Jazz-rock

The term, "jazz-rock" (or "jazz/rock") is often used as a synonym for the term "jazz fusion". However, some make adistinction between the two terms. The Free Spirits have sometimes been cited as the earliest jazz-rock band.[6]

During the late 1960s, at the same time that jazz musicians were experimenting with rock rhythms and electricinstruments, rock groups such as Cream and the Grateful Dead were "beginning to incorporate elements of jazz intotheir music" by "experimenting with extended free-form improvisation". Other "groups such as Blood, Sweat &Tears directly borrowed harmonic, melodic, rhythmic and instrumentational elements from the jazz tradition".[7]

Scaruffi notes that the rock groups that drew on jazz ideas (he lists Soft Machine, Colosseum, Caravan, Nucleus,Chicago, and Frank Zappa) turned the blend of the two styles "upside down: instead of focusing on sound, rockersfocused on dynamics" that could be obtained with amplified electric instruments. Scaruffi contrasts "Davis' fusionjazz [which] was slick, smooth and elegant, while "progressive-rock" was typically convoluted and abrasive." FrankZappa released the solo album Hot Rats (1969).[8][9] and had a major jazz influence mainly consisting on longinstrumental pieces[10] and later he also released two LPs in 1972 which were very jazz-oriented called "The GrandWazoo" and "Waka/Jawaka". Prolific jazz artists such as George Duke and Aynsley Dunbar played on these LPs.Allmusic states that the term jazz-rock "may refer to the loudest, wildest, most electrified fusion bands from the jazzcamp, but most often it describes performers coming from the rock side of the equation." The guide states that"jazz-rock first emerged during the late '60s as an attempt to fuse the visceral power of rock with the musicalcomplexity and improvisational fireworks of jazz. Since rock often emphasized directness and simplicity overvirtuosity, jazz-rock generally grew out of the most artistically ambitious rock subgenres of the late '60s and early'70s: psychedelia, progressive rock, and the singer/songwriter movement."Allmusic lists the following jazz-rock categories: Singer-songwriter jazz-rock (Joni Mitchell, Van Morrison, Tim Buckley) Jam- and improvisation-oriented rock groups (Traffic, Santana, Cream), Jazz-flavored R&B or pop songs with less improvisation (Blood, Sweat & Tears, Chicago, Steely Dan) Groups with "quirky, challenging, unpredictable compositions" (Frank Zappa, Soft Machine, Hatfield and the

North)

Jazz fusion 3

1970s

Trumpeter Miles Davis performing inRio de Janeiro in 1984

Davis' Bitches Brew sessions, recorded in August 1969 and released thefollowing year, mostly abandoned jazz's usual swing beat in favor of arock-style backbeat anchored by electric bass grooves. The recording"...mixed free jazz blowing by a large ensemble with electronic keyboardsand guitar, plus a dense mix of percussion."[11] Davis also drew on the rockinfluence by playing his trumpet through electronic effects and pedals. Whilethe album gave Davis a gold record, the use of electric instruments and rockbeats created a great deal of consternation amongst some more conservativejazz critics.

Davis also proved to be an able talent-spotter; much of 1970s fusion wasperformed by bands started by alumni from Davis' ensembles, including TheTony Williams Lifetime, Weather Report, The Mahavishnu Orchestra, Returnto Forever, and Herbie Hancock's funk-infused Headhunters band. In additionto Davis and the musicians who worked with him, additional importantfigures in early fusion were Larry Coryell and Billy Cobham with his albumSpectrum. Herbie Hancock first continued the path of Miles Davis with hisexperimental fusion albums, such as Crossings in 1972, but soon after that hebecame an important developer of "jazz-funk" with his seminal albums HeadHunters 1973 and Thrust in 1974. Later in the 1970s and early 1980sHancock took a more commercial approach. Hancock was one of the first jazz musicians to use synthesizers.

Weather Report began as an experimental group, but eventuallygarnered a huge following

At its inception, Weather Report was an avant-gardeexperimental jazz group, following in the steps of In ASilent Way. The band received considerable attentionfor its early albums and live performances, whichfeatured pieces that might last up to 30minutes. Theband later introduced a more commercial sound, whichcan be heard in Joe Zawinul's hit song "Birdland".Weather Report's albums were also influenced bydifferent styles of Latin, African, and European music,offering an early world music fusion variation. Jaco

Pastorius, an innovative fretless electric bass player, joined the group in 1976 on the album Black Market, wasco-producer (with Zawinul) on 1977's Heavy Weather, and is prominently featured on the 1979 live recording 8:30.Heavy Weather is the top-selling album of the genre.

In England, the jazz fusion movement was headed by Nucleus, led by Ian Carr, and whose key players Karl Jenkinsand John Marshall both later joined the seminal jazz rock band Soft Machine, leaders of what became known as theCanterbury scene. Their best-selling recording, Third (1970), was a double album featuring one track per side in thestyle of the aforementioned recordings of Miles Davis. A prominent English band in the jazz-rock style of Blood,Sweat & Tears and Chicago was If, who released a total of seven records in the 1970s.

Jazz fusion 4

Fusion band Return to Forever in 1976

Chick Corea formed his band Return to Forever in1972. The band started with Latin-influenced music(including Brazilians Flora Purim as vocalist and AirtoMoreira on percussion), but was transformed in 1973 tobecome a jazz-rock group that took influences fromboth psychedelic and progressive rock. The newdrummer was Lenny White, who had also played withMiles Davis. Return to Forever's songs weredistinctively melodic due to the Corea's composingstyle and the bass playing style of Stanley Clarke, whois often regarded with Pastorius as the most influentialelectric bassists of the 1970s. Guitarist Bill Connorsjoined Corea's band in 1973, recording Hymn of theSeventh Galaxy. Connors describes his sound as a mix of Clapton and Coltrane.

Guitarist Al Di Meola, who started his career with Return to Forever in 1974, soon became an important fusionguitarist. John McLaughlin formed a fusion band, the Mahavishnu Orchestra, with drummer Billy Cobham, violinistJerry Goodman, bassist Rick Laird and keyboardist Jan Hammer. The band released their first album, The InnerMounting Flame, in 1971. Hammer pioneered the use of the Minimoog synthesizer with distortion effects and, withhis mastery of the pitch bend wheel, made it sound very much like an electric guitar. The sound of the MahavishnuOrchestra was influenced by both psychedelic rock and classical Indian sounds

French jazz violinist Jean-Luc Ponty performed onboth acoustic violin and on amplified, electronic

effect-modified electric violins

The band's first lineup split after two studio and one live albums,but McLaughlin formed another group under same name whichincluded Jean-Luc Ponty, a jazz violinist, who also made a numberof important fusion recordings under his own name as well as withFrank Zappa, drummer Narada Michael Walden, keyboardistGayle Moran, and bassist Ralph Armstrong. McLaughlin alsoworked with Latin-rock guitarist Carlos Santana in the early1970s.

Initially Santana's San Francisco-based band blended Latin salsa,rock, blues, and jazz, featuring Santana's clean guitar lines setagainst Latin instrumentation such as timbales and congas. But intheir second incarnation, heavy fusion influences had become

central to the 19731976 Santana band. These can be clearly heard in Santana's use of extended improvised solosand in the harmonic voicings of Tom Coster's keyboard playing on some of the groups' mid-1970s recordings. In1973 Santana recorded a nearly two-hour live album of mostly instrumental, jazz-fusion music, Lotus, which wasonly released in Europe and Japan for more than twenty years.

Other influential musicians that emerged from the fusion movement during the 1970s include fusion guitarist Larry Coryell with his band The Eleventh House, and electric guitarist Pat Metheny. The Pat Metheny Group, which was founded in 1977, made both the jazz and pop charts with their second album, American Garage (1980). Although jazz performers criticized the fusion movement's use of rock styles and electric and electronic instruments, even seasoned jazz veterans like Buddy Rich, Maynard Ferguson and Dexter Gordon eventually modified their music to include fusion elements. The influence of jazz fusion did not only affect the US and Europe. The genre was very influential in Japan in the late 1970s, eventually leading to the formation of Casiopea and T-Square. T-Square's song Truth would later become the theme for Japan's Formula One racing events. The late 70's saw the emergence of the Steve Morse led fusion band, The Dixie Dregs. This band was notable for being the first band to equally fuse the sounds of rock, jazz, country, funk, classical, bluegrass and Celtic into a type of unified whole, distinguishing them

Jazz fusion 5

from all other fusion acts of the 1970s.

1980s

Smooth jazz

By the early 1980s, much of the original fusion genre was subsumed into other branches of jazz and rock, especiallysmooth jazz, a sub-genre of jazz which is influenced stylistically by R&B, funk and pop. Smooth jazz can be tracedto at least the late 1960s. Producer Creed Taylor worked with guitarist Wes Montgomery on three popular records.Taylor founded CTI Records. Many established jazz performers recorded for CTI (including Freddie Hubbard, ChetBaker, George Benson and Stanley Turrentine). The records recorded under Taylor's guidance were typically aimedas much at pop audiences as at jazz fans.In the mid- to late-1970s, smooth jazz became established as a commercially viable genre. It was pioneered by suchartists as Lee Ritenour, Larry Carlton, Grover Washington, Jr., Spyro Gyra (with songs such as "Morning Dance"),George Benson, Chuck Mangione, Srgio Mendes, David Sanborn, Tom Scott, Dave and Don Grusin, Bob Jamesand Joe Sample.

David Sanborn had a string of crossover hitsin the 1980s.

The merging of jazz and pop/rock music took a more commercial directionin the late 1970s and early 1980s, in the form of compositions with a softersound palette that could fit comfortably in a soft rock radio playlist. TheAllmusic guide's article on Fusion states that "unfortunately, as it became amoney-maker and as rock declined artistically from the mid-'70s on, muchof what was labeled fusion was actually a combination of jazz witheasy-listening pop music and lightweight R&B."[12]

Artists such as Al Jarreau, Kenny G, Ritenour, James and Sanborn amongothers were leading purveyors of this pop-oriented mixture (also known as"west coast" or "AOR fusion"). This genre is most frequently called"smooth jazz" and is not considered "True Fusion" among the listeners ofboth mainstream jazz and jazz fusion, who find it to rarely contain theimprovisational qualities that originally surfaced in jazz decades earlier,deferring to a more commercially viable sound more widely enabled forcommercial radio airplay in the United States.

Music critic Piero Scaruffi has called pop-fusion music "...mellow, bland,romantic music" made by "mediocre musicians" and "derivative bands."Scaruffi criticized some of the albums of Michael and Randy Brecker as "trivial dance music" and stated that altosaxophonist David Sanborn recorded "[t]rivial collections" of "...catchy and danceable pseudo-jazz".[13] Kenny G inparticular is often criticized by both fusion and jazz fans, and some musicians, while having become a hugecommercial success. Music reviewer George Graham argues that the so-called smooth jazz sound of people likeKenny G has none of the fire and creativity that marked the best of the fusion scene during its heyday in the1970s.[14]

Other styles

Although the meaning of "fusion" became confused with the advent of "smooth jazz", a number of groups helped torevive the jazz fusion genre beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s. In the 1980s, a critic argued that "...the promise offusion went unfulfilled to an extent, although it continued to exist in groups such as Tribal Tech and Chick Corea'sElektric Band". Many of the most well-known fusion artists were members of earlier jazz fusion groups, and some ofthe fusion "giants" of the 1970s kept working in the genre.

Jazz fusion 6

Miles Davis continued his career after having a lengthy break in the late 1970s. He recorded and performed fusionthroughout the 1980s with new young musicians and continued to ignore criticism from fans of his older mainstreamjazz. While Davis' works of the 1980s remain controversial, his recordings from that period have the respect of manyfusion and other listeners. In 1985 Chick Corea formed a new fusion band called the Chick Corea Elektric Band,featuring young musicians such as drummer Dave Weckl and bassist John Patitucci, as well as guitarist FrankGambale and saxophonist Eric Marienthal.

1990s2000sJoe Zawinul's fusion band, The Zawinul Syndicate, began adding more elements of world music during the 1990s.One of the notable bands that became prominent in the early 1990s is Tribal Tech, led by guitarist Scott Hendersonand bassist Gary Willis. Henderson was a member of both Corea's and Zawinul's ensembles in the late 1980s whileputting together his own group. Tribal Tech's most common lineup also includes keyboardist Scott Kinsey anddrummer Kirk Covington Willis and Kinsey have both recorded solo fusion projects. Henderson has also beenfeatured on fusion projects by drummer Steve Smith of Vital Information which also include bassist Victor Wootenof the eclectic Bela Fleck and the Flecktones, recording under the banner Vital Tech Tones.Allan Holdsworth is a guitarist who performs in jazz, fusion, and rock styles. Other guitarists such as Eddie VanHalen, Steve Vai and Yngwie Malmsteen have praised his fusion playing. He often used a SynthAxe guitarsynthesizer in his recordings of the late 1980s, which he credits for expanding his composing and playing options.Holdsworth has continued to release fusion recordings and tour worldwide. Another former Soft Machine guitarist,Andy Summers of The Police, released several fusion albums in the early 1990s.Guitarists John Scofield and Bill Frisell have both made fusion recordings over the past two decades while alsoexploring other musical styles. Scofield's Pick Hits Live and Still Warm are fusion examples, while Frisell hasmaintained a unique approach in drawing heavy influences from traditional music of the United States. Japanesefusion guitarist Kazumi Watanabe released numerous fusion albums throughout 1980s and 1990s, highlighted by hisworks such as Mobo Splash and Spice of Life.Brett Garsed and T. J. Helmerich are also watched as prominent fusion guitar players, having released severalalbums together since the beginning of the 1990s (Quid Pro Quo (1992), Exempt (1994), Under the Lash of Gravity(1999), Uncle Moe's Space Ranch (2001), Moe's Town (2007)) and collaborating in many other projects or releasingsolo albums (Brett Garsed Big Sky) all them falling in the genre.The saxophonist Bob Berg, who originally came to prominence as a member of Miles Davis's bands, recorded anumber of fusion albums with fellow Miles band member and guitarist Mike Stern. Stern continues to play fusionregularly in New York City and worldwide. They often teamed with the world-renowned drummer DennisChambers, who has also recorded his own fusion albums. Chambers is also a member of CAB, led by bassist BunnyBrunel and featuring the guitar and keyboard of Tony MacAlpine. CAB 2 garnered a Grammy nomination in 2002.MacAlpine has also served as guitarist of the metal fusion group Planet X, featuring keyboardist Derek Sherinianand drummer Virgil Donati. Another former member of Miles Davis's bands of the 1980s that has released a numberof fusion recordings is saxophonist Bill Evans, highlighted by 1992's Petite Blonde.

Jazz fusion 7

Fusion guitarist Pat Metheny

Fusion shred guitar player, and session musician Greg Howe hasreleased solo albums such as Introspection (1993), UncertainTerms (1994), Parallax (1995), Five (1996), Ascend (1999),Hyperacuity (2000), Extraction (2003) with electric bassist VictorWooten and drummer Dennis Chambers, and Sound Proof (2008).Howe combines elements of rock, blues and Latin music with jazzinfluences using a technical, yet melodic guitar style.

Drummer Jack DeJohnette's Parallel Realities band featuringfellow Miles's alumni Dave Holland and Herbie Hancock, alongwith Pat Metheny, recorded and toured in 1990, highlighted by aDVD of a live performance at the Mellon Jazz Festival inPhiladelphia. Jazz bassist Christian McBride released two fusionrecordings drawing from the jazz-funk idiom in Sci-Fi (2000) and Vertical Vision (2003). Other significant recentfusion releases have come from keyboardist Mitchel Forman and his band Metro, former Mahavishnu bassist JonasHellborg with the late guitar virtuoso Shawn Lane, and keyboardist Tom Coster, and Marbin with their unique blendof jazz, rock, blues, gospel, and Israeli folk music.

Influence on rock musicAccording to bassist/singer Randy Jackson, jazz fusion is an exceedingly difficult genre to play; "I [...] picked jazzfusion because I was trying to become the ultimate technical musician-able to play anything. Jazz fusion to me is thehardest music to play. You have to be so proficient on your instrument. Playing five tempos at the same time, forinstance. I wanted to try the toughest music because I knew if I could do that, I could do anything."[15]

Jazz-rock fusion's technically challenging guitar solos, bass solos and odd metered, syncopated drumming started tobe incorporated in the technically focused progressive metal genre in the early 1990s. Progressive rock, with itsaffinity for long solos, diverse influences, non-standard time signatures, complex music and changing line-ups hadvery similar musical values as jazz fusion. Some prominent examples of progressive rock mixed with elements offusion is the music of Gong, Ozric Tentacles and Emerson, Lake & Palmer.The death metal band Atheist produced albums Unquestionable Presence in 1991 and Elements in 1993 containingheavily syncopated drumming, changing time signatures, instrumental parts, acoustic interludes, and Latin rhythms.Meshuggah first attracted international attention with the 1995 release Destroy Erase Improve for its fusion offast-tempo death metal, thrash metal and progressive metal with jazz fusion elements. Cynic recorded a complex,unorthodox form of jazz-fusion-influenced experimental death metal with their 1993 album Focus. In 1997, G.I.T.guitarist Jennifer Batten under the name of Jennifer Batten's Tribal Rage: Momentum released Momentum aninstrumental hybrid of rock, fusion and exotic sounds.Another, more cerebral, all-instrumental progressive jazz fusion-metal band Planet X released Universe in 2000 withTony MacAlpine, Derek Sherinian (ex-Dream Theater) and Virgil Donati (who has played with Scott Hendersonfrom Tribal Tech). The band blends fusion-style guitar solos and syncopated odd-metered drumming with theheaviness of metal. Tech-prog-fusion metal band Aghora formed in 1995 and released their first album, self-titledAghora, recorded in 1999 with Sean Malone and Sean Reinert, both former members of Cynic. Gordian Knot,another Cynic-linked experimental progressive metal band released its debut album in 1999 which explored a rangeof styles from jazz-fusion to metal. The Mars Volta is extremely influenced by jazz fusion, using progressive,unexpected turns in the drum patterns and instrumental lines. The style of Uzbek prog band FromUz is described as"prog fusion". In lengthy instrumental jams, the band transitions from fusion of rock and ambient world music tojazz and progressive hard rock tones.[16]

Jazz fusion 8

Influential recordingsThis section lists a few of the jazz fusion artists and albums that are considered to be influential by prominent jazzfusion critics, reviewers, journalists, or music historians.Albums from the late 1960s and early 1970s include Miles Davis' ambient-sounding In a Silent Way (1969) and hisrock-infused Bitches Brew (1970). Davis' A Tribute to Jack Johnson (1971) has been cited as "the purest electric jazzrecord ever made" and "one of the most remarkable jazz-rock discs of the era".[17][18] His controversial album On theCorner (1972) has been viewed as a strong forerunner of the musical techniques of post punk, hip hop, drum andbass, and electronic music. Throughout the 1970s, Weather Report released albums ranging from its 1971 self-titleddisc Weather Report (1971) (which continued the style of Miles Davis album Bitches Brew) to 1979's 8:30. ChickCorea's Latin-oriented fusion band Return to Forever released influential albums such as 1973's Light as a Feather.In that same year, Herbie Hancock's Head Hunters infused jazz-rock fusion with a heavy dose of Sly and the FamilyStone-style funk. Virtuoso performer-composers played an important role in the 1970s. In 1976, fretless bassist JacoPastorius released Jaco Pastorius; electric and double bass player Stanley Clarke released School Days; andkeyboardist Chick Corea released his Latin-infused My Spanish Heart, which received a five star review from DownBeat magazine.In the 1980s, Chick Corea produced well-regarded albums, including Chick Corea Elektric Band (1986), Light Years(1987) & Eye of the Beholder (1988). In the early 1990s, Tribal Tech produced two albums, Tribal Tech (1991) andReality Check (1995). Canadian bassist-composer Alain Caron released his album Rhythm 'n Jazz in 1995. MikeStern released Give And Take in 1997.Fusion music generally receives little radio broadcast airplay in the United States, owing perhaps to its complexity,usual lack of vocals, and frequently extended track lengths. European radio is friendlier to fusion music, and thegenre also has a significant following in Japan and South America. A number of Internet radio stations feature fusionmusic, including dedicated channels on services such as AOL Radio, Pandora and Yahoo! Launchcast.

Further reading Jazz Rock Fusion " The People, The Music ", Julie Coryell et Laura Friedman, Ed. Hal Leonard. ISBN

0-440-54409-2 pbk. Jazz Rock A History, Stuart Nicholson, d. Canongate Power, Passion and Beauty The Story of the Legendary Mahavishnu Orchestra, Walter Kolosky, d. Abstract

Logix Books Jazz Hot Encyclopdie " Fusion ", Guy Reynard, d. de L'instant Weather Report - Une Histoire du Jazz Electrique, Christophe Delbrouck, d. Le Mot et le Reste, ISBN

978-2-915378-49-8 The Extraordinary and Tragic Life of Jaco Pastorius (10th Anniversary Edition) backbeatbooks. by Bill

Milkowski Jeff's book : A chronology of Jeff Beck's career 19651980 : from the Yardbirds to Jazz-Rock. Rock 'n' Roll

Research Press, (2000). ISBN 978-0-9641005-3-4

Jazz fusion 9

Notes[1] Georgie Fame | AllMusic (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ georgie-fame-p4229)[2] Graham Bond | AllMusic (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ graham-bond-p15995/ biography)[3] Manfred Mann | AllMusic (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ manfred-mann-p417071/ biography)[4] A History of Jazz Music (http:/ / www. scaruffi. com/ history/ jazz17a. html)[5] A History of Jazz Music (http:/ / www. scaruffi. com/ history/ jazz17e. html)[6][6] Unterberger 1998, pg. 329[7] The Jazz/Rock Fusion Page:a site is dedicated to Jazz Fusion and related genres with a special emphasis on Jazz/Rock fusion (http:/ / www.

liraproductions. com/ jazzrock/ htdocs/ histhome. htm)[8][8] . Retrieved on January 2, 2008.[9] Miles, 2004, Frank Zappa, p. 194.[10] Lowe, 2006, The Words and Music of Frank Zappa, p. 74.[11] Jazzitude | History of Jazz Part 8: Fusion (http:/ / www. jazzitude. com/ essential_fusion. htm)[12][12] Available online at:[13] Piero Scaruffi, 2006. Available at: http:/ / www. scaruffi. com/ history/ jazz17a. html[14] George Graham review Available online at: http:/ / webcache. googleusercontent. com/ search?q=cache:5Z0ukGXTz54J:georgegraham.

com/ reviews/ methgrp. html[15] " (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=K3v6gPypo14C& pg=PT72& lpg=PT72& dq=randy+ jackson+ jazz+ fusion& source=bl&

ots=dIxlm8kU2s& sig=hvfMvfnUtMALepMw9ZduUre5S0U& hl=en& ei=ypoVTcjLHYqCsQPlycSXCg& sa=X& oi=book_result&ct=result& resnum=6& ved=0CDkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage& q& f=false)". books.google.com. Retrieved 24 December 2010.

[16] Music review of Overlook CD by Fromuz (2008) [RockReviews] (http:/ / www. rockreviews. org/ reviewpage. php?ID=624)[17] Jurek, Thom. [ Review: A Tribute to Jack Johnson]. Allmusic. Retrieved on 2010-01-13.[18] Fordham, John. Review: A Tribute to Jack Johnson (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ music/ 2005/ apr/ 01/ jazz. shopping). The Guardian.

Retrieved on 2010-01-13.

References Unterberger, Richie (1998). Unknown Legends of Rock 'n' Roll: Psychedelic Unknowns, Mad Geniuses, Punk

Pioneers, Lo-fi Mavericks & More. Backbeat Books. ISBN978-0-87930-534-5.

External links Jazzfusion.tv: (http:/ / jazzfusion. tv/ bootlegaudio. html) The Web's largest open access source for

non-commercially-released Classic Jazz Fusion Audio Recordings, circa 1970s1980s, curated by Rich Rivkin,featuring works by most of the artists referenced in the above article.

A History of Jazz-Rock Fusion (http:/ / liraproductions. com/ jazzrock/ htdocs/ histhome. htm) by Al Garcia, awriter for Guitar Player Magazines Spotlight column who also performs in the group Continuum.

BendingCorners (http:/ / www. bendingcorners. com/ ) a monthly non-profit podcast site of jazz and jazz-inspiredgrooves including fusion, nu-jazz, and other subgenres

Miles Beyond, web site dedicated to the jazz-rock of Miles Davis (http:/ / www. miles-beyond. com) Miles Davis at the Isle Of Wight, 1970, excerpt From Call It Anything (http:/ / video. google. com/

videoplay?docid=9148945501609681876& q=Miles+ Davis& hl=en) Jazz Concert (http:/ / www. ejazz. cz/ jazz-concert-venues), here you can find electric-jazz concert venues all over

the world. Don Ellis, Tanglewood, MA, playing an electric trumpet, excerpt from Indian Lady (http:/ / perso. modulonet. fr/

~liballet/ DonEllis/ tanglewood. wmv) ProGGnosis: Progressive Rock & Fusion (http:/ / www. ProGGnosis. com/ ) Powerful database with Artist,

Record Title and Individual Band Member search capabilities. Contains reviews and discographies, album coversand links. ProGGnosis has been on-line with progressive rock and fusion information Since Feb 2000.

JazzRock-Radio.com: Artist Promotional Radio Show streaming Jazz Fusion, Jazz Rock from 70s to new releasesfrom all over the globe. (http:/ / www. JazzRock-Radio. com/ )

Henry Mancini 10

Henry Mancini

Henry Mancini

Background information

Birth name Enrico Nicola Mancini

Born April 16, 1924Cleveland, Ohio, USA

Died June 14, 1994 (aged70)Los Angeles, California, USA

Genres Film scores, easy listening, jazz

Occupations Composer, arranger, conductor

Instruments Piano, Piccolo

Enrico Nicola "Henry" Mancini (April 16, 1924 June 14, 1994) was an American composer, conductor andarranger, who is best remembered for his film and television scores. He won a record number of Grammy Awards,plus a posthumous Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1995.His best-known works include the jazz-idiom theme to The Pink Panther film series ("The Pink Panther Theme")and the theme to the Peter Gunn television series. Mancini had a long collaboration with the film director BlakeEdwards and won numerous Academy Awards for the songs in Edwards films, including "Moon River" fromBreakfast at Tiffany's, "Days of Wine and Roses" and for the score to Victor Victoria.

Early lifeMancini was born in the Little Italy neighborhood of Cleveland, and was raised near Pittsburgh, in the steel town ofWest Aliquippa, Pennsylvania. His parents emigrated from the Abruzzo region of Italy. Mancini's father, Quinto(born March 13, 1893, Scanno, Italy) was a steelworker, who made his only child begin piccolo lessons at the age ofeight.[1] When Mancini was 12 years old, he began piano lessons. Quinto and Henry played flute together in theAliquippa Italian immigrant band, "Sons of Italy". After graduating from Aliquippa High School in 1942, Manciniattended the renowned Juilliard School of Music in New York. In 1943, after roughly one year at Juilliard, hisstudies were interrupted when he was drafted into the United States Army. In 1945, he participated in the liberationof a concentration camp in southern Germany.

CareerNewly discharged, Mancini entered the music industry. Entering 1946, he became a pianist and arranger for thenewly re-formed Glenn Miller Orchestra, led by 'Everyman' Tex Beneke. After World War II, Mancini broadened hisskills in composition, counterpoint, harmony and orchestration during studies opening with the composers ErnstKrenek and Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco.[2]

In 1952, Mancini joined the Universal Pictures music department. During the next six years, he contributed music toover 100 movies, most notably The Creature from the Black Lagoon, It Came from Outer Space, Tarantula, ThisIsland Earth, The Glenn Miller Story (for which he received his first Academy Award nomination), The BennyGoodman Story and Orson Welles' Touch of Evil. During this time, he also wrote some popular songs. His first hitwas a single by Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians titled I Won't Let You Out of My Heart.Mancini left Universal-International to work as an independent composer/arranger in 1958. Soon after, he scored the television series Peter Gunn for writer/producer Blake Edwards. This was the genesis of a relationship in which

Henry Mancini 11

Edwards and Mancini collaborated on 30 films over 35 years. Along with Alex North, Elmer Bernstein, LeithStevens and Johnny Mandel, Henry Mancini was a pioneer of the inclusion of jazz elements in the late romanticorchestral film and TV scoring prevalent at the time.Mancini's scores for Blake Edwards included Breakfast at Tiffany's (with the standard "Moon River") and Days ofWine and Roses (with the title song, "Days of Wine and Roses"), as well as Experiment in Terror, The Pink Panther(and all of its sequels), The Great Race, The Party, and Victor Victoria. Another director with whom Mancini had alongstanding partnership was Stanley Donen (Charade, Arabesque, Two for the Road). Mancini also composed forHoward Hawks (Man's Favorite Sport?, Hatari! which included the well-known "Baby Elephant Walk"), MartinRitt (The Molly Maguires), Vittorio de Sica (Sunflower), Norman Jewison (Gaily, Gaily), Paul Newman (Sometimesa Great Notion, The Glass Menagerie), Stanley Kramer (Oklahoma Crude), George Roy Hill (The Great WaldoPepper), Arthur Hiller (Silver Streak),[3] Ted Kotcheff (Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe?), and others.Mancini's score for the Alfred Hitchcock film Frenzy (1972) in Bachian organ andante, for organ and an orchestra ofstrings was rejected and replaced by Ron Goodwin's work.Mancini scored many TV movies, including The Thorn Birds and The Shadow Box. He wrote many televisionthemes, including Mr. Lucky (starring John Vivyan and Ross Martin), NBC Mystery Movie, What's Happening!!, TicTac Dough (1990 version) and Once Is Not Enough. In the 198485 television season, four series featured originalMancini themes: Newhart, Hotel, Remington Steele, and Ripley's Believe It or Not. Mancini also composed the"Viewer Mail" theme for Late Night with David Letterman.[] Mancini composed the theme for NBC Nightly Newsused beginning in 1975, and a different theme by him, titled Salute to the President was used by NBC News for itselection coverage (including primaries and conventions) from 1976 to 1992. Salute to the President was onlypublished in a school-band arrangement, although Mancini performed it frequently with symphony orchestras on hisconcert tours.Songs with music by Mancini were staples of the easy listening genre from the 1960s to the 1980s. Some of theartists who have recorded Mancini songs include Andy Williams, Paul Anka, Pat Boone, Anita Bryant, Jack Jones,Frank Sinatra, Perry Como, Connie Francis, Eydie Gorme, Steve Lawrence, Trini Lopez, George Maharis, JohnnyMathis, Jerry Vale, Ray Conniff, The Lennon Sisters, The Lettermen, Herb Alpert, Eddie Cano, Frank Chacksfield,Warren Covington, Percy Faith, Ferrante & Teicher, Horst Jankowski, Andre Kostelanetz, Peter Nero, Liberace,Mantovani, Tony Bennett, Julie London, Wayne Newton, Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops Orchestra, Peggy Lee,Al Martino, Jim Nabors, and Matt Monro. Lawrence Welk held Mancini in very high regard, and frequently featuredMancini's music on The Lawrence Welk Show (Mancini made at least one guest appearance on the show).Mancini recorded over 90 albums, in styles ranging from big band to light classical to pop. Eight of these albumswere certified gold by The Recording Industry Association of America. He had a 20-year contract with RCARecords, resulting in 60 commercial record albums that made him a household name among artists of easy-listeningmusic. Mancini's earliest recordings in the 1950s and early 1960s were of the jazz idiom; with the success of PeterGunn, Mr. Lucky, and Breakfast at Tiffany's, Mancini shifted to primarily recording his own music in record albumsand film soundtracks. (Relatively little of his music was written for recordings compared to the amount that waswritten for film and television.) Beginning with his 1969 hit arrangement of Nino Rota's A Time for Us (as his onlyHot 100 top 10 entry, the #1 hit "Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet") and its accompanying album A Warm Shadeof Ivory, Mancini began to function more as a piano soloist and easy-listening artist primarily recording musicwritten by other people. In this period, for two of his best-selling albums he was joined by trumpet virtuoso and TheTonight Show bandleader Doc Severinsen.Among Mancini's orchestral scores are (Lifeforce, The Great Mouse Detective, Sunflower, Tom and Jerry: TheMovie, Molly Maguires, The Hawaiians), and darker themes (Experiment in Terror, The White Dawn, Wait UntilDark, The Night Visitor).Mancini was also a concert performer, conducting over fifty engagements per year, resulting in over 600 symphony performances during his lifetime. He conducted nearly all of the leading symphonies of the world, including the

Henry Mancini 12

London Symphony Orchestra, the Israel Philharmonic, the Boston Pops, the Los Angeles Philharmonic and theRoyal Philharmonic Orchestra. One of his favorites was the Minnesota Orchestra, where he debuted the Thorn BirdsSuite in June 1983. He appeared in 1966, 1980 and 1984 in command performances for the British Royal Family. Healso toured several times with Johnny Mathis and also with Andy Williams, who had each sung many of Mancini'ssongs; Mathis and Mancini collaborated on the 1986 album The Hollywood Musicals.

CameosMancini occasionally acted in cameo and voice roles.Shortly before his death in 1994, he made a one-off cameo appearance in the first season of the sitcom seriesFrasier, as a call-in patient to Dr. Frasier Crane's radio show. Mancini voiced the character Al, who speaks with amelancholy drawl and hates the sound of his own voice, in the episode "Guess Who's Coming to Breakfast?"Moments after Mancini's cameo ends, Frasier's radio broadcast plays "Moon River" to underscore a particularlyheartfelt apology.Mancini also had an uncredited performance as a pianist in the 1967 movie Gunn, the movie version of the seriesPeter Gunn, the score of which was originally composed by Mancini himself.In the 1966 Pink Panther cartoon Pink, Plunk, Plink, the panther commandeered an orchestra and proceeded toconduct Mancini's theme for the series. At the end, the shot switched to rare live action, and Mancini was seen aloneapplauding in the audience.

Death and legacyMancini died of pancreatic cancer in Los Angeles on June 14, 1994. He was working at the time on the Broadwaystage version of Victor/Victoria, which he never saw on stage. Mancini was survived by his wife of 43 years, singerVirginia "Ginny" O'Connor, with whom he had three children. They had met while both were members of the TexBeneke orchestra, just after World War II. In 1948, Ginny was one of the founders of the Society of Singers, anon-profit organization which benefits the health and welfare of professional singers worldwide. Additionally theSociety awards scholarships to students pursuing an education in the vocal arts. One of Mancini's twin daughters,Monica Mancini, is a professional singer; her sister Felice runs The Mr. Holland's Opus Foundation (MHOF). Hisson Christopher is a music publisher and promoter in Los Angeles.In 1996, the Henry Mancini Institute, an academy for young music professionals, was founded by Jack Elliott inMancini's honor, and was later under the direction of composer-conductor Patrick Williams. By the mid 2000s,however, the institute could not sustain itself and closed its doors on December 30, 2006. However, the AmericanSociety of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) Foundation "Henry Mancini Music Scholarship" has beenawarded annually since 2001. While still alive, Henry created a scholarship at UCLA and the bulk of his library andworks are archived in the music library at UCLA.In 2005, the Henry Mancini Arts Academy was opened as a division of the Lincoln Park Performing Arts Center.The Center is located in Midland, Pennsylvania, minutes away from Mancini's hometown of Aliquippa. The HenryMancini Arts Academy is an evening-and-weekend performing arts program for children from pre-K to grade 12,with some classes also available for adults. The program includes dance, voice, musical theater, and instrumentallessons.The American Film Institute ranked Mancini's songs Moon River in the No.4 and Days of Wine and Roses in No.39on their list of the greatest songs and his score for The Pink Panther No.20 on their list of the greatest film scores.His scores for Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), Charade (1963), Hatari! (1962), Touch of Evil (1958) and Wait UntilDark (1967) were also nominated for the list.

Henry Mancini 13

AwardsMancini was nominated for an unprecedented 72 Grammy's, winning 20.[4] Additionally he was nominated for 18Academy Awards, winning four.[5] He also won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for two Emmys.Mancini won a total of four Oscars for his music in the course of his career. He was first nominated for an AcademyAward in 1955 for his original score of The Glenn Miller Story, on which he collaborated with Joseph Gershenson.He lost out to Adolph Deutsch and Saul Chaplin's Seven Brides for Seven Brothers. In 1962, he was nominated in theBest Music, Original Song category for "Bachelor in Paradise" from the film of the same name, in collaboration withlyricist Mack David. That song did not win. However, Mancini did receive two Oscars that year: one in the samecategory, for the song "Moon River" (shared with lyricist Johnny Mercer), and one for "Best Scoring of a Dramaticor Comedy Picture" for Breakfast at Tiffany's. The following year, he and Mercer took another Best Original Songaward for "Days of Wine and Roses", another eponymous theme song. His next eleven nominations went for naught,but he finally garnered one last statuette working with lyricist Leslie Bricusse on the score for Victor Victoria, whichwon the Academy Award for "Best Original Song Score and Its Adaptation or Best Adaptation Score". All three ofthe films for which he won were directed by Blake Edwards. His score for Victor/Victoria was adapted for the 1995Broadway musical of the same name.On April 13, 2004, the United States Postal Service honored Mancini with a 37 cent commemorative stamp. Thestamp shows Mancini conducting with a list of some of his most famous movies and TV show themes in thebackground and was painted by artist Victor Stabin. The stamp is Scott catalog number 3839.

Discography

Hit singles

Year Single Peak chart positions

US USAC

USCountry

UK

1960 "Mr. Lucky" 21

1961 "Theme from the Great Imposter" 90

"Moon River" 11 1 44

1962 "Theme from Hatari" 95

1963 "Days of Wine and Roses" 33 10

"Banzai Pipeline" 93

"Charade" 36 15

1964 "The Pink Panther Theme" 31 10

"A Shot in the Dark" 97

"Dear Heart" 77 14

"How Soon" 10

1965 "The Sweetheart Tree" 117 23

"Moment to Moment" 27

1966 "Hawaii (Main Theme)" 6

1967 "Two For the Road" 17

"Wait Until Dark" 4

Henry Mancini 14

1968 "Norma La De Guadalajara" 21

"A Man, a Horse and a Gun" 36

1969 "Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet" 1 1

"Moonlight Sonata" 87 15

"There Isn't Enough to Go Around" 39

1970 "Theme from Z (Life Goes On)" 115 17

"Darling Lili" 26

1971 "Love Story" 13 2

"Theme from Cade's County" 14 42

1972 "Theme from the Mancini Generation" 38

"All His Children" (with Charley Pride) 92 2

1973 "Oklahoma Crude" 38

1974 "Hangin' Out"(with the Mouldy Seven) 21

1975 "Once Is Not Enough" 45

1976 "African Symphony" 40

"Slow Hot Wind" 38

1977 "Theme from Charlie's Angels"" 45 22

1980 "Ravel's Bolero" 101

1984 "The Thornbirds Theme" 23

"" denotes a title that did not chart, or was not released in thatterritory.

Albums

The Versatile Henry Mancini, Liberty LRP 3121 Music of Hawaii, RCA Victor LSP-3713 The Mancini Touch, RCA Victor LSP 2101 Brass on Ivory, RCA Victor LSP-3756 The Blues & the Beat, RCA Victor LSP-2147 A Warm Shade of Ivory, RCA Victor LSP-3757 Mr. Lucky Goes Latin, RCA Victor LSP-2360 Big Latin Band, RCA Victor LSP-4049 Our Man in Hollywood, RCA Victor LSP-2604 Six Hours Past Sunset, RCA Victor LSP-4239 Uniquely Mancini, RCA Victor LSP-2692 Theme music from Z & Other Film Music, RCA Victor LSP-4350 The Best of Mancini, RCA Victor LSP-2693 Big Screen-Little Screen, RCA Victor LSP-4630 Mancini Plays Mancini, RCA Camden CAS-2158 This Is Henry Mancini, RCA Victor VPS6029 Everybody's Favorite, RCA Camden CXS-9034 Music from the TV Series "The Mancini Generation", RCA Victor

LSP-4689 Concert Sound of Henry Mancini, RCA Victor LSP-2897 The Academy Award Songs, RCA Victor LSP-6013 Dear Heart and Other Songs, RCA Victor LSP-2990 Brass, Ivory & Strings (with Doc Severinsen), RCA APL1-0098 Theme Scene, RCA Victor LSP-3052 The Theme Scene, RCA AQLI-3052 Debut Conducting the Philadelphia Orchestra, RCA Victor

LSP-3106 Country Gentleman, RCA APD1-0270 (Quadraphonic)

The Best of Vol. 3, RCA Victor LSP-3347 Hangin' Out, RCA CPL1-0672 The Latin Sound of Henry Mancini, RCA Victor LSP-3356 Symphonic Soul, RCA APD1-1025 (Quadraphonic) A Merry Mancini Christmas, RCA Victor LSP-3612 Mancini's Angels, RCA CPL1-2290 Pure Gold, RCA Victor LSP-3667 (with Johnny Mathis), The Hollywood Musicals, Columbia FC 40372 Mancini Country, RCA Victor LSP-3668 The Pink Panther Meets Speedy Gonzales, Koch Schwann CD Mancini '67, RCA Victor LSP-3694 The Legendary Henry Mancini, BMG Australia 3-CD set

Henry Mancini 15

Soundtracks

The Music from Peter Gunn, RCA Victor LSP-1956 The Glass Menagerie, MCA MCAD 6222 More Music from Peter Gunn, RCA Victor LSP-2040 The Great Mouse Detective, Varse Sarabande VSD 5359 Music from Mr. Lucky, RCA Victor LSP-2198 The Hawaiians, UAS 5210 Bachelor in Paradise, Film Score Monthly FSMCD vol. 7 Nr. 18 Lifeforce, BSXCD 8844 High Time, RCA Victor LSP-2314 The Molly Maguires, Bay Cities BCD 3029 Breakfast at Tiffany's: Music from the Motion Picture, RCA Victor LSP-2362 Nightwing A Change of Seasons Oklahoma Crude, RCA APL1 0271 Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation, Intrada special collection vol. 11 The Pink Panther Strikes Again, UA-LA 694 Experiment in Terror, RCA Victor LSP-2442 Revenge of the Pink Panther, EMI 791113-2 Hatari!, RCA Victor LSP-2559 Santa Claus: The Movie, EMI SJ 17177 Charade, RCA Victor LSP-2755 Silver Streak, Intrada special collection vol. 5 The Pink Panther, RCA Victor LSP 2795 Sometimes a Great Notion, Decca DL 79185 The Great Race, RCA Victor LSP-3402 Son of the Pink Panther, Milan 21-16461-2 Arabesque, RCA Victor LSP-3623 Sunflower, SLC SLCS 7035 What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?, RCA Victor LSP-3648 The Thief Who Came to Dinner, WB BS 2700 Two for the Road, RCA Victor LSP-3802 The Thorn Birds, Varse Sarabande 30206 65642 8 Gunn, RCA Victor LSP-3840 Tom and Jerry The Movie, MCA MCD 10721 The Party, RCA Victor LSP-3997 Touch of Evil, Movie Sound MSCD 401 Me, Natalie, Columbia OS 3350 Victor Victoria, GNP Crescendo GNPD 8038 Darling Lili, RCA LSPX-1000 W.C. Fields and Me, MCA 2092 Visions of Eight, RCA Victor ABL1-0231 Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe?, Epic SE 35692 The Great Waldo Pepper, MCA 2085 Without a Clue Gaily, Gaily, UAS 5202

Selected filmography

The Glenn Miller Story - 1953 Sunflower - 1970 Abbott and Costello Go to Mars - 1953 Sometimes a Great Notion - 1970 Law and Order - 1953 The Hawaiians - 1970 City Beneath the Sea - 1953 The Molly Maguires - 1970 Destry - 1954 Frenzy (Rejected Score) - 1972 The Private War of Major Benson - 1955 The Thief Who Came To Dinner - 1973 Tarantula - 1955 The White Dawn - 1974 This Island Earth - 1955 The Return of the Pink Panther - 1975 Mister Cory - 1957 The Great Waldo Pepper - 1975 Touch of Evil - 1958 Silver Streak - 1976 High Time - 1960 W.C. Fields and Me - 1976 Bachelor in Paradise - 1961 The Pink Panther Strikes Again - 1976 The Great Impostor - 1961 Revenge of the Pink Panther - 1978 Breakfast at Tiffany's - 1961 House Calls - 1978 Days of Wine and Roses - 1962 10 - 1979 Hatari! - 1962 Mommie Dearest - 1981 Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation - 1962 Victor Victoria - 1982 Experiment in Terror - 1962 Trail of the Pink Panther - 1982 Charade - 1963 Curse of the Pink Panther - 1983 The Pink Panther - 1963 Harry & Son - 1984 A Shot in the Dark - 1964 Santa Claus: The Movie - 1985

Henry Mancini 16

Man's Favorite Sport? - 1964 The Great Mouse Detective - 1986 The Great Race - 1965 That's Life! - 1986 Moment to Moment - 1965 Blind Date - 1987 Arabesque - 1966 Without a Clue - 1988 What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? - 1966 Physical Evidence - 1989 Two for the Road - 1967 Ghost Dad - 1990 Wait Until Dark - 1967 Fear - 1990 The Party - 1968 Switch - 1991 Gaily, Gaily - 1969 Tom and Jerry: The Movie - 1992

Son of the Pink Panther - 1993

Bibliography

Mancini, Henry: Sounds And Scores: a practical guide to professionalorchestration (Book on orchestration of popular music, 1962)

Bdinger, Matthias: 'Henry Mancini remembered' (in:Soundtrack, vol. 13, No. 51)

Mancini, Henry: Did they mention the music? (Autobiography, with Gene Lees,1989)

Bdinger, Matthias: 'Whistling Away The Dark' In:Film Score Monthly, # 45, p.7

Thomas, Tony: Music For The Movies (1973) Bdinger, Matthias: 'Henry Mancini 19241994' In:Film Score Monthly, # 46/47, p.5

Thomas, Tony: Film Score (1979) Bdinger, Matthias: 'Feeling Fancy Free' (in: FilmScore Monthly, vol. 10, No. 2)

Larson, Randall: 'Henry Mancini: On Scoring Lifeforce and Santa Claus'(interview)(in: CinemaScore, No. 15, 1987)

Brown, Royal S.: Overtones and undertones readingfilm music (1994)

Bdinger, Matthias: 'An interview with Henry Mancini' (in: Soundtrack, vol. 7, No.26, 1988)

Caps, John: Henry Mancini: Reinventing Film Music(2012)

Bdinger, Matthias: 'Henry Mancini' (in: Soundtrack, vol. 13, No. 50, 1994)

References[1] Show 23 Smack Dab in the Middle on Route 66. [Part 2], The Music Men. [Part 1] : UNT Digital Library (http:/ / digital. library. unt. edu/

ark:/ 67531/ metadc19778/ m1/ )[2][2] Chapter 5 Page 51, "Did They Mention the Music". (Autobiography with Gene Lees)[3][3] Appendix, pg 239 "Did They Mention the Music". (Autobiography with Gene Lees)[4][4] Appendix, pg 235. "Did They Mention the Music" (Autobiography with Gene Lees)[5][5] Appendix, pg 236. "Did They Mention the Music" (Autobiography with Gene Lees)

External links Official website (http:/ / www. henrymancini. com) Henry Mancini (http:/ / www. oxfordmusiconline. com/ subscriber/ article/ grove/ music/ 17597?q=mancini&

search=quick& pos=5& _start=1#firsthit) at Oxford Music Online (http:/ / www. oxfordmusiconline. com/subscriber/ )

Henry Mancini (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm49/ ) at the Internet Movie Database Henry Mancini (http:/ / www. ibdb. com/ person. asp?ID=12100) at the Internet Broadway Database Henry Mancini (http:/ / www. findagrave. com/ cgi-bin/ fg. cgi?GRid=6848602& page=gr) at Find A Grave Henry Mancini (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p1902) at AllMusic Henry Mancini (http:/ / www. spaceagepop. com/ mancini. htm), Space Age Pop A Henry Mancini discography (http:/ / bjbear71. com/ Hank/ collection. html) Joe Reisman scores, 19451986 (http:/ / www. nypl. org/ sites/ default/ files/ archivalcollections/ pdf/ musreism.

pdf) Music Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. Henry Mancini (http:/ / www. soundtrackinfo. com/ composer. asp?id=131& s=y), Soundtrackinfo

Henry Mancini 17

A Mancini anthology (http:/ / www. soundtrackfan. com/ mancini/ ) Memories of Henry Mancini (http:/ / www. americanmusicpreservation. com/ MemoriesHenryMancini. htm) The story behind the making of the music from Peter Gunn, including interviews with the musicians and sound

engineers (http:/ / www. morningsonmaplestreet. com/ petergunn1. html) Henry Mancini interview (http:/ / digital. library. unt. edu/ ark:/ 67531/ metadc19778/ m1/ ) recorded 5.9.1968

(http:/ / www. library. unt. edu/ resolveuid/ 37d2a581e31df743d9a3fd80b49e28cb) on the Pop Chronicles

Baby I Love You (Aretha Franklin song) 18

Baby I Love You (Aretha Franklin song)

"Baby I Love You"

Singleby Aretha Franklin

from the album Aretha Arrives

B-side "Goin' Down Slow"

Released 1967

Format 7" single

Genre Soul

Length 2:44

Label Atlantic

Writer(s) Jimmy Holiday, Ronnie Shannon

Producer Jerry Wexler

Certification Gold

Aretha Franklin singles chronology

"Respect"(1967)

"Baby I LoveYou"(1967)

"(You Make Me Feel Like) A NaturalWoman"(1967)

"Baby I Love You" is a popular song by R&B singer Aretha Franklin. It was the only single release from her ArethaArrives album in 1967, the song was a huge hit. It peaked at #4 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart and spent twoweeks at number-one on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart. It was featured in Martin Scorsese's 1990 filmGoodfellas. A live recording featured on the album Aretha in Paris (1968). There have been several other famousmusicians who have covered Aretha Franklin's "Baby I Love You", such as Lisa Marie Presley in 1989, JimmyHoliday in 1966-72, Donny Hathaway, Roberta Flack in 1972, B.B. King, The Bar-Kays in 1971, Erma Franklin in1969, Irma Thomas in 1988, and Otis Rush in 1969, and various other musicians.

Chart positions

Charts Peakposition

U.S. Billboard Hot 100 4

U.S. Billboard Hot Rhythm & Blues 1 (2 weeks)

Baby I Love You (Aretha Franklin song) 19

References

External links Full lyrics of this song (http:/ / www. metrolyrics. com/ baby-i-love-you-lyrics-aretha-franklin. html) at

MetroLyrics

Precededby"I Was Made to Love Her" by Stevie

Wonder

Billboard's Hot Rhythm & Blues numberone single

August 26 - September 2, 1967

Succeededby"Cold Sweat" by James

Brown

Aretha Franklin 20

Aretha Franklin

Aretha Franklin

Background information

Birth name Aretha Louise Franklin

Born March 25, 1942Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.

Origin Detroit, Michigan, U.S.

Genres R&B, soul, jazz, gospel

Occupations Singer

Instruments Vocals, piano

Years active 1956present

Labels J.V.B., Columbia, Atlantic, Arista, RCA

Associated acts Sweet Inspirations, Carolyn Franklin, Erma Franklin, Cissy Houston, Whitney Houston, George Benson, George Michael,Michael McDonald, Eurythmics, Luther Vandross, Lauryn Hill, celine dion

Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American singer and musician. Franklin began her careersinging gospel at her father, minister C. L. Franklin's church as a child. In 1960, at age 18, Franklin embarked on asecular career, recording for Columbia Records only achieving modest success. Following her signing to AtlanticRecords in 1967, Franklin achieved commercial acclaim and success with songs such as "Respect", "(You Make MeFeel Like) A Natural Woman" and "Think". These hits and more helped her to gain the title The Queen of Soul bythe end of the 1960s decade.Franklin eventually recorded a total of 88 charted singles on Billboard, including 77 Hot 100 entries and twentynumber-one R&B singles, becoming the most charted female artist in the chart's history. Franklin also recordedacclaimed albums such as I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You, Lady Soul, Young, Gifted & Black and AmazingGrace before experiencing problems with her record company by the mid-1970s. After her father was shot in 1979,Franklin left Atlantic and signed with Arista Records, finding success with a relatively small role in the film, TheBlues Brothers and with the albums, Jump to It and Who's Zoomin' Who?. In 1998, Franklin won internationalacclaim for singing the opera aria, "Nessun Dorma", at the Grammys of that year replacing Luciano Pavarotti. Laterthat same year, she scored her final Top 40 recording with "A Rose Is Still a Rose".Franklin has won a total of 18 Grammy Awards and is one of the best-selling female artists of all time, having sold over 75 million records worldwide. Franklin has been honored throughout her career including a 1987 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in which she became the first female performer to be inducted. She was inducted to

Aretha Franklin 21

the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. In August 2012, Franklin was inducted into the GMA Gospel Music Hall ofFame. Franklin is listed in at least two all-time lists on Rolling Stone magazine, including the 100 Greatest Artists ofAll Time, in which she placed number 9, and the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time in which she placed number 1.

Early life

Aretha Franklin's birthplace at 406 Lucy Ave. inMemphis, Tennessee.

Aretha Louise Franklin was born in Memphis, Tennessee, the daughterof Barbara (ne) Siggers and Clarence LaVaughn Franklin. Her father,who went by the nickname, "C. L.", was an itinerant preacheroriginally from Shelby, Mississippi, while her mother was anaccomplished piano player and vocalist.[1] Alongside Aretha, herparents had three other children while both C. L. and Barbara hadchildren from outside their marriage. The family relocated to Buffalo,New York when Aretha was two. Prior to her fifth birthday, C. L.Franklin permanently relocated the family to Detroit, Michigan wherehe founded the Baptist church, New Bethel. Franklin's parents had atroubled marriage due to stories of C. L. Franklin's philandering and in1948, they separated, with Barbara relocating back to Buffalo with herson, Vaughn, from a previous affair.

Contrary to popular notion, Franklin's mother didn't abandon her children and Aretha would recall seeing her motherin Buffalo during summertime while Barbara also frequently visited her children in Detroit.[2] Franklin's mother diedon March 7, 1952, prior to Franklin's tenth birthday. Several women, including Franklin's grandmother Rachel, andMahalia Jackson took turns helping with the children at the Franklin home.[3] During this time, Franklin learned howto play piano by ear.[4] Franklin's father's emotionally-driven sermons resulted in him being known as the man withthe "million-dollar voice" and earning over thousands of dollars for sermons in various churches across thecountry.[5][6] Franklin's celebrity led to his home being visited by various celebrities including gospel musiciansClara Ward, James Cleveland and early Caravans members Albertina Walker and Inez Andrews as well as MartinLuther King, Jr., Jackie Wilson and Sam Cooke.[7][8]

Music career

BeginningsJust after her mother's death, Aretha began singing solos at New Bethel, debuting with the hymn, "Jesus, Be a FenceAround Me".[3] Four years later, when Aretha was 14, her father began managing her, bringing her on the road withhim during his so-called "gospel caravan" tours for her to perform in various churches. He helped his daughter getsigned to her first recording deal with J.V.B. Records, where her first album, Songs of Faith, was issued in 1956.Two singles were released to gospel radio stations including "Never Grow Old" and "Precious Lord, Take MyHand". Franklin sometimes traveled with the Caravans and The Soul Stirrers during this time and developed a crushon Sam Cooke, who was then singing with the Soul Stirrers prior to his secular career.After turning 18, Aretha confided to her father that she aspired to follow Sam Cooke to record pop music. Serving as her manager, C. L. agreed to the move and helped to produce a two-song demo that soon was brought to the attention of Columbia Records, who agreed to sign her in 1960. Franklin was signed as a "five-percent artist".[9] During this period, Franklin would be coached by choreographer Cholly Atkins to prepare for her pop performances. Before signing with Columbia, Sam Cooke tried to persuade Aretha's father to have his label, RCA sign Aretha. He had also been persuaded by local record label owner Berry Gordy to sign Aretha and her elder sister Erma to his Tamla label. Aretha's father felt the label wasn't established enough yet. Aretha's first Columbia single, "Today I Sing the Blues",

Aretha Franklin 22

was issued in September 1960 and later reached the top ten of the Hot Rhythm & Blues Sellers chart.

Initial successIn January 1961, Columbia issued Aretha's debut album, Aretha: With The Ray Bryant Combo. The album featuredher first single to chart the Billboard Hot 100, "Won't Be Long", which also peaked at number 7 on the R&B chart.Mostly produced by Clyde Otis, Franklin's Columbia recordings saw her recording in diverse genres such asstandards, vocal jazz, blues, doo-wop and rhythm and blues. Before the year was out, Franklin scored her first top 40single with her rendition of the standard, "Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody", which also included theR&B hit, "Operation Heartbreak", on its b-side. "Rock-a-Bye" became her first international hit, reaching the top 40in Australia and Canada. By the end of 1961, Franklin was named as a "new-star female vocalist" in Down Beatmagazine.[10] In 1962, Columbia issued two more albums, The Electrifying Aretha Franklin and The Tender, theMoving, the Swinging Aretha Franklin, the latter of which charted number 69 on the Billboard Pop LPs chart.By 1964, Franklin began recording more pop music, reaching the top ten on the R&B chart with the ballad, "Runnin'Out of Fools" in early 1965. She had two R&B charted singles in 1965 and 1966 with the songs "One Step Ahead"and "Cry Like a Baby" while also reaching the Easy Listening charts with the ballads "You Made Me Love You" and"(No, No) I'm Losing You". By the mid-1960s, Aretha was netting $100,000 from countless performances innightclubs and theaters.[10] Also during that period, Franklin appeared on rock and roll shows such as Hollywood AGo-Go and Shindig!. However, it was argued that Franklin's potential was neglected at the label. Columbia executiveJohn H. Hammond later said he felt Columbia didn't understand Aretha's early gospel background and failed to bringthat aspect out further during her Columbia period.

Commercial successIn January 1967, choosing not to renew her Columbia contract after six years with the company, Franklin signed toAtlantic Records. That month, Aretha traveled to Muscle Shoals, Alabama to record at FAME Studios to record thesong, "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)" in front of the musicians of the famed Muscle Shoals RhythmSection. The song was later issued that February and shot up to number-one on the R&B chart, while also peaking atnumber nine on the Billboard Hot 100, giving Aretha her first top ten pop single. The song's b-side, "Do RightWoman, Do Right Man", reached the R&B top 40, peaking at number 37. In April, Atlantic issued her freneticversion of Otis Redding's "Respect", which shot to number-one on both the R&B and pop charts and later becameher signature song and was later hailed as a civil rights and feminist anthem.Aretha's debut Atlantic album, I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You, also became commercially successful, latergoing gold. Aretha scored two more top ten singles in 1967 including "Baby I Love You" and "(You Make Me FeelLike A) Natural Woman". Franklin's rapport with producer Jerry Wexler helped in the creation of the majority ofAretha's peak recordings with Atlantic. In 1968, she issued the top-selling albums, Lady Soul and Aretha Now, whichincluded some of Franklin's most popular hit singles including "Chain of Fools", "Ain't No Way", "Think" and "ISay a Little Prayer". In February 1968, Franklin earned the first two of her Grammys including the debut categoryfor Best Female R&B Vocal Performance.[11] On February 16, 1968, Aretha was honored with a day in her honorand was greeted by longtime friend Martin Luther King, Jr. who gave her the SCLC Drum Beat Award forMusicians just two months prior to his death.[12][13][14] In June 1968, she appeared on the cover of Time magazine.

"Respect"

"Respect" was a huge hit for Franklin, it became a signature song for her.

Problems playing this file? See media help.

Aretha Franklin 23

Franklin's success expanded during the early 1970s in which she recorded top ten singles such as "Spanish Harlem","Rock Steady" and "Day Dreaming" as well as the acclaimed albums, Spirit in the Dark, Young, Gifted & Black andher gospel album, Amazing Grace, which sold over two million copies. In 1971, Franklin became the first R&Bperformer to headline Fillmore West, later recording the live album, Aretha Live at Fillmore West.[15] Franklin'scareer began experiencing issues while recording the album, Hey Now Hey (The Other Side of the Sky), whichfeatured production from Quincy Jones. Despite the success of the single, "Angel", the album bombed upon itsrelease in 1973. Franklin continued having R&B success with songs such as "Until You Come Back to Me" and "I'min Love" but by 1975, her albums and songs were failing to become a success. After Jerry Wexler left Atlantic forWarner Bros. Records in 1976, Franklin worked on the soundtrack to the film, "Sparkle", with Curtis Mayfield. Thealbum yielded Aretha's final top 40 hit of the decade, "Something He Can Feel", which also peaked at number-oneon the R&B chart. Franklin's follow-up albums for Atlantic including Sweet Passion, Almighty Fire and La Divabombed on the charts and in 1979, Franklin opted to leave the company.

Later years

Franklin performing on April 21, 2007, at theNokia Theater in Dallas, Texas.

In 1980, Franklin signed with Clive Davis' Arista Records and thatsame year, gave a command performance at the Royal Albert Hall infront of Queen Elizabeth. Aretha also made an acclaimed guest role asa waitress in the comedy musical, The Blues Brothers. Franklin's firstArista album, Aretha, featured the #3 R&B hit, "United Together" andher Grammy-nominated cover of Otis Redding's "I Can't Turn YouLoose". The follow-up, 1981's Love All the Hurt Away, included herfamed duet of the title track with George Benson while the album alsoincluded her Grammy-winning cover of Sam & Dave's "Hold On, I'mComin'". Franklin returned to the Gold standard - for the first time inseven years - with the album, Jump to It. Its title track was her first top40 single on the pop charts in six years.

In 1985, inspired by her desire to have a "younger sound" in her music, her fourth Arista album, Who's Zoomin' Who,became her first album to be certified platinum, after selling well over a million copies, thanks to the hits, "Freewayof Love", the title track and "Sisters Are Doing It for Themselves".[16] The following year's Aretha album nearlymatched this success with the hit singles "Jumpin' Jack Flash", "Jimmy Lee" and "I Knew You Were Waiting forMe", her international number-one duet with George Michael. During that period, Aretha provided vocals to thetheme songs of the shows, A Different World and Together. In 1987, she issued her third gospel album, One Lord,One Faith, One Baptism, which was recorded at her late father's New Bethel church, followed by Through the Stormin 1989. Franklin's 1991 album, What You See is What You Sweat flopped on the charts. Franklin returned to thecharts in 1993 with the dance song, "A Deeper Love" and returned to the top 40 with the song, "Willing to Forgive"in 1994.In 1998, Franklin returned to the top 40 with the Lauryn Hill-produced song, "A Rose Is Still a Rose", later issuing the album of the same name, which went gold. That same year, Franklin earned international acclaim for her performance of "Nessun Dorma" at the Grammy Awards. Her final Arista album, So Damn Happy, was released in 2003 and featured the Grammy-winning song, "Wonderful". In 2004, Franklin announced that she was leaving Arista after over 20 years with the label. To complete her Arista obligations, Aretha issued the duets compilation album, Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen, in 2007. The following year, she issued the holiday album, This Christmas, Aretha, on DMI Records. In January 2009, Franklin again made international headlines for performing "My Country 'Tis of Thee" at President Barack Obama's inaugural ceremony with her church hat becoming a popular topic online. In 2010, Franklin accepted an honorary degree from Yale University. In 2011, under her own label, Aretha's Records, she issued the album, Aretha: A Woman Falling Out Of Love. As of 2013, Franklin is now signed

Aretha Franklin 24

under RCA Records and is currently working again with Clive Davis. A new album is in the works with producersBabyface and Danger Mouse planning to work with Franklin.

Music style and imageFranklin has often been described as a great singer and musician due to "vocal flexibility, interpretive intelligence,skillful piano-playing, her ear, her experience."[17] Franklin's voice has been described as being a "powerfulmezzo-soprano voice" and has been praised for her arrangements and interpretations of other artists' hit songs.[18] Ofdescribing Franklin's voice as a youngster on her first album, Songs of Faith, released when she was just fourteen,Jerry Wexler explained that Franklin's voice "was not that of a child but rather of an ecstatic hierophant."[19]

Franklin's image went through rapid changes throughout her career. During the 1960s, Franklin was known forwearing bouffant hairdos and extravagant dresses that were sometimes surrounded enveloped in either mink fur orfeathers. In the 1970s, embracing her roots, Franklin briefly wore the Afro hairdo and wore Afrocentric styledclothing admired by her peers. In the mid-1970s, after dropping weight, Franklin began wearing slinkier attire. Bythe 1980s, she had settled on wearing nightgowns and extravagant dresses.

Personal life

Aretha Franklin and William Wilkerson watchingRoger Federer at the 2011 US Open.

Aretha is the mother of four sons. Her first two children, Clarence(born January 28, 1955), and Edward (born January 22, 1957), wereborn before her 13th and 15th birthdays. She has never identified thefather of either child. During that period, Aretha's grandmother,Rachel, and sister, Erma, raised Aretha's boys while she pursued hermusical career and other options including "hanging out with myfriends."[20] Rachel lived in a guest house behind her son C. L.Franklin's LaSalle Street home, with the Franklins having moved therefrom their Boston Street residence during the late 1950s. Aretha's thirdchild, Ted White, Jr., was born in 1964. Today he is known as TeddyRichards and is a professional musician, often playing guitar in hismother's band. In 1970, an affair with her road manager, Ken Cunningham, resulted in the birth of Aretha's fourthson, Kecalf. (His name was devised from the first initials of his parents' names.) Aretha had married the much olderTed White in 1961, despite strong objections from her father. After a contentious marriage that involved domesticviolence, she divorced him in 1969.[21] She married actor Glynn Turman on April 11, 1978 at her father's NewBethel Baptist Church. Aretha subsequently became a stepmother to Turman's three children. They split in late 1982and officially divorced in early 1984. In 2012, Aretha Franklin again announced plans to walk down the aisle withher longtime companion Willie Wilkerson. Within several weeks of the announcement, Aretha called the weddingoff.

Aretha's sisters Erma and Carolyn were also professional musicians and often sang background on Aretha's hits. In1969, following her divorce from Ted White, her brother, minister Cecil Franklin presided as her manager, a positionhe kept until his death from lung cancer on December 26, 1989. Youngest sister Carolyn preceded Cecil in death inApril 1988 following a long bout with breast cancer. Erma Franklin later died of throat cancer in September 2002.Franklin's half-brother, Vaughn (born December 24, 1934) and half-sister Carl Kelley (ne Jennings; born 1940) arestill alive. Kelley is C. L. Franklin's daughter by Mildred Jennings, a then 12-year-old congregant of New SalemBaptist Church in Memphis, where C. L. was pastor.[22]

Aretha was performing at the Aladdin Hotel in Las Vegas, on June 10, 1979, when her father was shot twice at point blank range in his Detroit home.[23] After six months in Henry Ford Hospital, the Franklin family returned their father back to his home with round the clock nursing care. The shooting had left C. L. in a coma. Aretha moved back

Aretha Franklin 25

to Detroit in late 1982 to assist with the care of her father, who died at Detroit's New Light Nursing Home on July27, 1984.[24]

Franklin has been romantically linked to many musicians such as Sam Cooke and Dennis Edwards, formerly of TheTemptations. Some of her music business friends have included Dionne Warwick, Mavis Staples, and CissyHouston, who began singing with Aretha as member of the Sweet Inspirations. Cissy sang background on Franklin'sclassic hit, "Ain't No Way". Aretha first met her daughter, Whitney, in the early 1970s. She was made an honoraryaunt and Whitney often referred to her as "Auntie Ree". Whitney Houston died in February 2012. Franklin stated shewas surprised by her death. She had initially planned to perform at Houston's memorial service on February 18 buther representative claimed that Aretha suffered a mild leg spasm and was unable to attend. In response to criticism ofher non-attendance, she stated, "God knows I wanted to be there, but I couldn't."Aretha Franklin is a registered Democrat.[25]

Weight issues and health problemsFranklin dealt with weight issues for years. In 1974, she dropped 40 pounds during a crash diet.[26] Franklinmaintained the weight loss until 1978.[27] Franklin again lost the weight in the early 1990s prior to releasing thealbum, What You See Is What You Sweat, gaining it back again after a year and a half. Franklin later admitted toyears of yo-yo dieting. Following her surgery to get rid of an undisclosed tumor, Franklin lost 85lbs. In 2012, sheadmitted she had gained some of the weight back. During her heyday, it's been noted that Franklin had dealt withalcoholism and also had an addiction to chain smoking, smoking at least ten packs of cigarettes a day. Franklin quitsmoking in 1992.[28] Franklin admitted in 1994 that her smoking was "messing with my voice".[29] She lateradmitted in 2003 that following her quitting cigarettes, her weight "ballooned".[30]

In 2010, Franklin canceled a number of concerts after she decided to have surgery for an undisclosed tumor.Discussing the events in 2011, she stated the surgery Franklin had would "add 15 to 20 more years" to her life. Shedenied that the ailment had anything to do with pancreatic cancer as it was rumored. On May 19, 2011 ArethaFranklin had her comeback show in the Chicago theatre, an outstanding concert.[31] In May 2013, Franklin canceledtwo performances to deal with an undisclosed medical treatment. Later in the same month, Franklin canceled threemore concerts in June and planned to return to perform in July. However, a July 27 show in Clarkston, Michigan wascanceled due to continued medical treatment. In addition, Franklin canceled an appearance at an MLB luncheon inChicago honoring her commitment to civil rights on an August 24 date. She also canceled a September 21performance in Atlanta due to her health recovery. During a phone interview with The Associated Press on August21, Franklin stated that she had a "miraculous" recovery from her undisclosed illness but had to cancel shows andappearances until she was at 100% health, stating she was "85% healed". Aretha has since returned to liveperforming, including a Christmas concert at Detroit's Motor City Casino. [citation needed]

Aretha Franklin 26

Legacy

Aretha Franklin wipes a tear after being honoredwith the Presidential Medal of Freedom on

November 9, 2005, at the White House. Seatedwith her are fellow recipients Robert Conquest,

left, and Alan Greenspan

A wax sculpture of Aretha Franklin on display atMadame Tussauds in New York City.

In 1987, Franklin was the first female performer inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Fame.[32] Two years earlier, the Michigangovernment labeled her voice as a "natural resource".[33] Franklinreceived her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1979. In 1994,she received a medal from the Kennedy Center Honors and that yearwon the NARAS Lifetime Achievement Award. She won the NARASGrammy Legend award four years prior. In 1999, she earned theNational Medal of Arts. In 2005, she received the Presidential Medalof Freedom. Franklin was inducted to the UK Music Hall of Fame in2005, becoming the second female performer to be honored afterMadonna. In 2008, she received the MusiCares Person of the Yearprior to performing at that year's Grammys. That same year, she waslisted in the top 20 of artists on the Billboard Hot 100 all-time topartists list.[34] In 2012, she was inducted to the GMA Gospel MusicHall of Fame. Franklin has been described as "the voice of the civilrights movement, the voice of black America" and a "symbol of blackequality". She was also listed as number 1 on Rolling Stone's list of theGreatest Singers of All Time. In February 2011, following news of hersurgery and recovery, the Grammy Awards paid tribute to the singerwith a medley of her classics by singers such as Christina Aguilera,Florence Welch, Jennifer Hudson, Martina McBride and YolandaAdams.[35]

List of number-one R&B singles

1. "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)" (1967)2. "Respect" (1967)3. "Baby I Love You" (1967)4. "Chain of Fools" (1967)5. "(Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone" (1968)6. "Think" (1968)7. "Share Your Love with Me" (1969)8. "Call Me" (1970)9. "Don't Play That Song (You Lied)" (1970)10. "Bridge Over Troubled Water" (1971)11. "Spanish Harlem" (1971)12. "Day Dreaming" (1972)13. "Angel" (1973)14. "Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)" (1973)15. "I'm in Love" (1974)16. "Something He Can Feel" (1976)17. "Break It to Me Gently" (1977)18. "Jump to It" (1982)19. "Get It Right" (1983)20. "Freeway of Love" (1985)

Aretha Franklin 27

Filmography Black Rodeo (1972) (documentary) The Blues Brothers (1980) Listen Up: The Lives of Quincy Jones (1990) (documentary) Blues Brothers 2000 (1998) Tom Dowd & the Language of Music (2003) (documentary) The Zen of Bennett (2012) (documentary) Muscle Shoals (2013) (documentary)

References[1][1] Bego 2010, p.11.[2][2] McAvoy 2002, pp.19-20.[3][3] McAvoy 2002, p.22.[4][4] McAvoy 2002, pp.20-21.[5][5] Dobkin 2006, p.48.[6][6] Feiler 2009, p.248.[7] http:/ / articles. chicagotribune. com/ 2012-12-19/ entertainment/

ct-ent-1220-inez-andrews-obit-20121219_1_albertina-walker-gospel-inez-andrews[8] http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2012/ 12/ 22/ arts/ music/ inez-andrews-gospel-singer-dies-at-83. html?_r=0[9][9] Ebony 1964, p.88.[10][10] Ebony 1964, p.85.[11] Natalie Cole broke Franklin's "Best Female R&B Vocal Performance" winning streak with her 1975 single "This Will Be (An Everlasting

Love)" (which, ironically, was originally offered to Franklin).[12][12] Dobkin 2006, p.5.[13][13] Whitaker 2011, p.315.[14][14] Bego 2010, p.107.[15] from the Bill Graham archives; requires free login.[16] Rolling Stone magazine, "Aretha Franklin's New Wave of Pop" by Eliza Graham, page 11.[17][17] Dobkin 2006, p.8.[18][18] Whitaker 2011, p.312.[19][19] McMahon 2000, p.373.[20][20] Ebony 1995, p.32.[21][21] Bego 2010, pp.125-126.[22] Salvatore, Nick, Singing in a Strange Land: C. L. Franklin, the Black Church, and the Transformation of America, Little Brown, 2005,

Hardcover ISBN 0-316-16037-7, pp. 6162[23][23] Baltimore Afro-American 1979.[24][24] Jet 1984.[25] On an ABC promo aired on July 27, 2010, announcing Franklin and Condoleezza Rice's appearing together in concert there was a segment

in which Franklin was being interviewed and she said herself, "I am a Democrat".[26][26] Ebony 1974.[27][27] Bego 2010, pp.162-165.[28][28] Bego 2010, p.305.[29][29] Ebony 1995, p.30.[30][30] Jet 2003, pp.62-63.[31] Aretha Franklin in glorious form at Chicago Theatre, http:/ / articles. chicagotribune. com/ 2011-05-20/ entertainment/

ct-live-0521-aretha-franklin-review-20110520_1_chicago-theatre-glorious-form-soul[32][32] Ebony 1995, p.29.[33][33] Bego 2010, p.238.[34] The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists (http:/ / www. billboard. com/ bbcom/ specials/ hot100/ charts/ top100-artists-20. shtml).

Billboard.com. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.[35] Grammy Awards tribute to Aretha Franklin (http:/ / www. grammy. com/ news/ stars-to-join-for-aretha-franklin-tribute) Franklin has been

cited as a major influence of singers such as Jennifer Hudson, Jill Scott, and many others.

Aretha Franklin 28

Sources Bego, Mark (Feb 10, 2010). Aretha Franklin: The Queen of Soul (http:/ / books. google. com/

books?id=ErKigdCXUwoC& printsec=frontcover& dq=aretha+ franklin+ mark+ bego& hl=en& sa=X&ei=VbWVUYWmNInM9gSf5YHoAg& ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA). Da Capo Press. ISBN978-0-78675-229-4.

Dobkin, Matt (2006). I Never Loved A Man The Way I Love You: Aretha Franklin, Respect, and the Making Of ASoul Music Masterpiece (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=lHJC0ne4zbAC& pg=PA6=false). New York: St.Martin's Griffin. ISBN0-312-31828-6.

Feiler, Bruce (October 6, 2009). America's Prophet (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=q3iAylx3HosC&pg=PA248& dq=the+ man+ with+ the+ million+ dollar+ voice& hl=en& sa=X&ei=QJ6jUYHfG5DI9QS5xICoCw& ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage& q=the man with the million dollarvoice& f=false). HarperCollins. ISBN978-0-06193-925-9.

McAvoy, Jim (2002). Aretha Franklin (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=5KX-3vLoH8EC&printsec=frontcover& dq=aretha+ franklin& hl=en& sa=X& ei=7rSVUe2MK4WK8QTHm4GYBw&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage& q=aretha franklin& f=false). Infobase Publishing.ISBN978-1-43812-161-1.

McMahon, Thomas (2000). Creative and Performing Artists for Teens. Gale Group. ISBN978-0-78763-975-4. "Queen of Soul's Father Rev. C. L. Franklin, 69, Dies After 5 Years In Coma" (http:/ / books. google. com/

books?id=4LADAAAAMBAJ& pg=PA15& dq=c. l. + franklin+ shot& hl=en& sa=X&ei=hp6eUbnUM4vc9QS5yoCgAw& ved=0CDEQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage& q=c. l. franklin shot& f=false). Jet.

"Rev. C. L. Franklin shot" (http:/ / news. google. com/ newspapers?nid=2205& dat=19790612&id=noIlAAAAIBAJ& sjid=V_UFAAAAIBAJ& pg=914,3602210). Baltimore Afro-American. June 12, 1979.

"Aretha Franklin Returns With Soulful CD, 'So Damn Happy'" (http:/ / books. google. com/books?id=W7UDAAAAMBAJ& pg=PA58& dq=aretha+ franklin+ jet+ 2003& hl=en& sa=X&ei=z5WjUb-9LYfg8wS6xoG4DQ& ved=0CDkQ6AEwAw#v=onepage& q& f=false). Jet. September 29, 2003.

"Aretha Talks About Men, Marriage, Music & Motherhood" (http:/ / books. google. com/books?id=rNPfKQbqO84C& pg=PA28& dq=aretha+ franklin+ ebony+ 1994& hl=en& sa=X&ei=Y5OjUZuxB4i29gSrloGgBQ& ved=0CCwQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage& q=aretha franklin ebony 1994&f=false). Ebony. April 1995.

"Swingin' Aretha" (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=RAVl_KwcBuAC& pg=PA85& dq=aretha+ franklin+swinging'+ aretha& hl=en& sa=X& ei=UraVUe6ZGo3I9QSmvoHQAw& ved=0CE8Q6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=aretha franklin swinging' aretha& f=false). Ebony.

"The New Aretha" (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=JN4DAAAAMBAJ& pg=PA10& dq=aretha+franklin+ loses+ weight+ 1974& hl=en& sa=X& ei=cp-iUfOBIY--9QSZgoHACw&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage& q=aretha franklin loses weight 1974& f=false). Ebony.

Whitaker, Matthew C. (March 1, 2011). Icons of Black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries[Three Volumes] (Google eBook) (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=RSGhEUq5bp0C& pg=PA312&dq=aretha+ franklin+ powerful+ voice& hl=en& sa=X& ei=ebeVUYnxKZPI9QTChYD4Cg&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBw#v=onepage& q=aretha franklin powerful voice& f=false). ABC-CLIO.ISBN978-0-31337-643-6.

Aretha Franklin 29

External links Aretha Franklin (http:/ / www. legacyrecordings. com/ artists/ aretha-franklin) at Legacy Recordings Appearances (http:/ / www. c-spanvideo. org/ arethafranklin) on C-SPAN Aretha Franklin (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0291349/ ) at the Internet Movie Database Aretha Franklin (http:/ / www. npr. org/ artists/ 15662553/ aretha-franklin) at NPR Music Aretha Franklin (http:/ / topics. nytimes. com/ top/ reference/ timestopics/ people/ f/ aretha_franklin/ index. html)

collected news and commentary at The New York Times Works by or about Aretha Franklin (http:/ / worldcat. org/ identities/ lccn-n84-28907) in libraries (WorldCat

catalog) Aretha Franklin (http:/ / www. answers. com/ topic/ aretha-franklin) at Answers.com Aretha Franklin (http:/ / www. discogs. com/ artist/ Aretha+ Franklin) discography at Discogs

Ivan Lins

Ivan Lins (November 2007).

Ivan Guimares Lins (born June 16, 1945) is a LatinGrammy-winning Brazilian musician. He has been an active performerand songwriter of Brazilian popular music (MPB) and jazz for over 30years. His first hit, Madalena, was recorded by Elis Regina in 1970.Beyond his own performance of his compositions, Simone is a notableand respected interpreter.