Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe School of Chemistry University of Bristol the secret chemistry of the mobile phone phone demo powerhouse battery communications.

Jason Riley and Julian Eastoe

School of Chemistry

University of Bristol

the

secret chemistry

of the mobile phone

phone demo

powerhouse

battery

communications

display

history a 90’s idea?

a wish list the mobile phone battery

- reversible

- environmentally friendly

- high rate of discharge

- fast charge

- long cycle life

- small watt hours per kg watt hours per cm3

energy chemical → heat/light

2CH3OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O

corrosion splitting a reaction in two

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

Zn Zn2+ + 2e 2H+ + 2e H2

Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2

energy chemical → electrical

Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2

Zn Zn2+ + 2e 2H+ + 2e H2

the battery a modern idea?

the early days death of the pony express

Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu

Zn Zn2+ + 2e Cu2+ + 2e Cu

recharging electrolysis

2H+ + Cu → H2 + Cu2+

Cu Cu2+ + 2e2H+ + 2e → H2

mobility the lead acid battery

PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H2O

portability the simple battery

Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2

stability the one with the copper top

anode:Zn → Zn2+ + 2e

cathode:2MnO2 to Mn2O3

Zn + 2MnO2 + H2O → Zn(OH)2 + Mn2O3

Zn + 2OH- → Zn(OH)2 + 2e

materials chemistry the mobile phone battery

H+ is small moves fast

problem2H+ + 2e H2

concept

NiOOH + MH ← Ni(OH)2 + MMH + OH-→ M + H2O + eNiOOH + MH → Ni(OH)2 + M

metal hydridesthe phone battery

Ni(OH)2

NiOOHMH

M

MH → M + H+ + e NiOOH + H+ + e → Ni(OH)2

NiOOH + H2O + e → Ni(OH)2 + OH-

george graygenius inventor of the lcd

liquid crystals key to the electronics revolution

liquid crystals made simplethe importance of shape

is it a

or is it a ?

CN . . . .

organisationthe importance of shape

liquid crystals fish-shaped molecules

CN

liquid crystals fish-shaped molecules

liquid crystal displays sandwich-like structure

liquid crystal displays twisted stacks of molecules

liquid crystal displays electrically activated optical switch

current off

transparent

current on

dark

fuel cells the future

electroluminescent displays the future

flexible

emissive technology wide viewing angle

low voltage fast switching

high brightness low cost

thank you thank you

http://www.howstuffworks.com

http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/lectures/mobilephone.htm