Jason Krumholz Graduate School of Oceanography- University of Rhode Island RI SURFRIDER- Robert Lloyd Scholarship Presentation 5/16/06 Experimental methods of quantifying and monitoring ecological response to no-take marine reserves in Northeastern National Parks
Jason Krumholz Graduate School of Oceanography- University of Rhode Island
Jan 01, 2016
Experimental methods of quantifying and monitoring ecological response to no-take marine reserves in Northeastern National Parks. Jason Krumholz Graduate School of Oceanography- University of Rhode Island RI SURFRIDER- Robert Lloyd Scholarship Presentation 5/16/06. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Jason Krumholz
Graduate School of Oceanography- University of Rhode Island
RI SURFRIDER- Robert Lloyd Scholarship Presentation
5/16/06
Experimental methods of quantifying and monitoring ecological response to no-take marine reserves in Northeastern
National Parks
What is a Marine Protected Area?
“ to protect the significant natural and cultural resources within the marine environment for the benefit of present and future generations by strengthening and expanding the Nation’s system of marine protected areas.”
Presidential Executive Order #13158
“any area of the marine environment that has been reserved by Federal, State, territorial, tribal, or local laws or regulations to provide lasting protection for part or all of the natural and cultural resources therein.”
Federal Register. 2000. Executive Order #13158 Vol. 65, No. 105. Wednesday, May 31, 2000
Reviewing the options...Reviewing the options...
www.mpa.gov/information_tools
National Park Service Northeast National Park Service Northeast RegionRegion
200 0 200 Kilometers
Acadia
Boston Harbor Is
Cape Cod
Sagamore Hill
Fire Island
Gateway
Assateague Island
Colonial
George Washington Birthplace
The Project...The Project...Goal:Goal: Review scientific methods for justifying and Review scientific methods for justifying and
monitoring no-take reserves in Northeast monitoring no-take reserves in Northeast National ParksNational Parks
• Site Selection
•Ecosystem Response
•Fisheries Response
•Monitoring
•Modeling
Primary Focus
Secondary Focus
ChallengesChallenges
Fire Island National SeashoreFire Island National Seashore
Maps and Data: Henn & Cullen. 2004 USACE/TNC Conference
Figure 1. Hard Clams
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
Land
ings
(Tho
usan
ds o
f Bus
hels
) Babylon Islip Brookhaven(GSB)
Ecosystem Response ToolboxEcosystem Response Toolbox
Water Quality (oxygen, chlorophyll, Nutrients)Water Quality (oxygen, chlorophyll, Nutrients)
Habitat Quality (eelgrass, sediment chemistry)Habitat Quality (eelgrass, sediment chemistry)
Species Richness / DiversitySpecies Richness / Diversity
Benthic Infauna (Polychaetes)Benthic Infauna (Polychaetes)
Modeling (Ecosystem, Fisheries)Modeling (Ecosystem, Fisheries)
PolychaetesPolychaetes
Simple to CollectSimple to Collect Multiple UsesMultiple Uses
AbundanceAbundance DiversityDiversity Indicator SpeciesIndicator Species
ShortfallsShortfalls Time consumingTime consuming High taxonomic res.High taxonomic res.
How can we apply How can we apply this to MPA’s?this to MPA’s?
A. Giangrande et.al. Mar Pollut Bull. 2005 50(11):1153-62.
1 Pinnegar, J.K., et.al. 2000. Trophic cascades in benthic ecosystems: lesson for fisheries and protected-area management. Environmental Conservation 27 (2), 179–200.
Trophic Cascade Theory1
More BigFish
Less Little
Fish
More
Polychaetes
Less Predation
Ecosystem Health Theory2
2 A. Giangrande et.al. Mar Pollut Bull. 2005 50(11):1153-62.
Less Disturbance
Higher Ecosystem Health
Less Opportunists
More Diversity
More Polychaetes
Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI)Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI)
Single metric for ecosystem health/changeSingle metric for ecosystem health/change Simplifies a lot of data into a single indexSimplifies a lot of data into a single index
Sometimes over-simplifiesSometimes over-simplifies
Used extensively in coral reef ecosystemsUsed extensively in coral reef ecosystems
Attempted for Narr. Bay (Meng et. al., 2002)Attempted for Narr. Bay (Meng et. al., 2002)
How useful is this tool?How useful is this tool?
ModelingModeling
Particularly useful in a fisheries and Particularly useful in a fisheries and reserve establishment contextreserve establishment context
Generally show reserves most effective at:Generally show reserves most effective at:• Moderate size (10-25% of habitat)Moderate size (10-25% of habitat)• Moderate to high fishing pressureModerate to high fishing pressure• Low migration rateLow migration rate• High dispersal rate of larvaeHigh dispersal rate of larvae
Most highly adaptable models lack fine Most highly adaptable models lack fine scale resolutionscale resolution
EcospaceEcospace
T.A. Okey et al. / Ecological Modelling 172 (2004) 383–401
Conclusions• Many techniques from tropical studies can
be adapted for use in the Northeast Region• Some techniques will have reduced
effectiveness in temperate ecosystems• NPS must consider scientific programs of
study on a park by park basis based on specific reserve goals
• NPS should consider increased use of benthic infaunal sampling
• Models are a viable synthetic tool for reserve management, particularly in a fisheries context
Acknowledgements
• Dr. Charles Roman (NPS)
• Dr. Candace Oviatt (GSO)
• Kate Smukler (MPA center)
• Cliff McCreedy & Gary Davis (NPS)
Photo Credits: Brooke Longval, Eric Klos, Charles Roman, J.C. Shou
Funding From: Coastal Institute IGERT Program
Matt horn is gay
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
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