Jaringan Komputer - Sirami ilmu dalam diri kita dengan · PDF fileUNTUK APA JARINGAN KOMPUTER? Business Applications Home Applications ... Wireless Networks Home Networks ... Kerjakan

Jaringan Komputer

1

Jaringan Komputer

Intoduction

By : Eko Prasetyo

Teknik Informatika

Univ. Muhammadiyah Gresik

2011

UNTUK APA JARINGAN KOMPUTER?

� Business Applications

� Home Applications

� Etc.

2

� Etc.

Business Applications

� Resource sharing

� Communication medium among employees

� Doing business electronically with other companies, especially suppliers and customers

3

� e-commerce (electronic commerce)

Jaringan dengan dua client dan satu server

4

Model client-server

5

Home Network Applications

� Access to remote information.

� Person-to-person communication.

� Interactive entertainment.

6

� Interactive entertainment.

� Electronic commerce.

Peer-to-peer (client dan server tidak ada yang tetap)

7

Beberapa bentuk e-commerce

8

Macam Jaringan

� Local Area Networks

� Metropolitan Area Networks

� Wide Area Networks

9

� Wide Area Networks

� Wireless Networks

� Home Networks

� Internetworks

Transmission Technology

Types of transmission technology

� Broadcast links

Point-to-point links

10

� Point-to-point links

Broadcast Networks

11

Local Area Networks

12

Two broadcast networks

(a) Bus

(b) Ring

Metropolitan Area Networks

A metropolitan area network based on cable TV.

13

Wide Area Networks

Relation between hosts on LANs and the subnet.

14

Wide Area Networks (2)

A stream of packets from sender to receiver.

15

KECEPATAN DAN JARAK JARINGAN KOMUNIKASI

16Perbandingan Sistem Multiprosesor, LAN, MAN dan WAN

Wireless Networks

Categories of wireless networks:

� System interconnection

� Wireless LANs

17

� Wireless LANs

� Wireless WANs

Wireless Networks (2)

(a) Bluetooth configuration

(b) Wireless LAN

18

Home Network Categories

• Computers (desktop PC, PDA, shared peripherals

• Entertainment (TV, DVD, VCR, camera, stereo, MP3)

• Telecomm (telephone, cell phone, intercom, fax)

Appliances (microwave, fridge, clock, furnace,

19

• Appliances (microwave, fridge, clock, furnace, airco)

• Telemetry (utility meter, burglar alarm, babycam).

Network Software

� Protocol Hierarchies

� Design Issues for the Layers

� Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services

20

Services

� Service Primitives

� The Relationship of Services to Protocols

What is a protocol?

� Communications between computers requires very specific unambiguous rules

� A protocol is a set of rules that governs how two or more communicating parties are to interact

21

interact- Internet Protocol (IP)

- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

- HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

� The purpose of a protocol is to provide a service to the layer above

Network SoftwareProtocol Hierarchies

22

Layers, protocols, and interfaces.

Protocol Hierarchies (2)I like

rabbits

Location A

3

2

3

2

Location B

Message Philosopher

TranslatorInformation for the remote translator

L: Dutch

Ik vind

konijnen

leuk

J'aime bien les

lapins

L: Dutch

Ik vind

konijnen

leuk

23

� The philosopher-translator-secretary architecture.

1 1

Secretary

Information for the remote secretary

Fax #---

L: Dutch

Ik vind

konijnen

leuk

Fax #---

L: Dutch

Ik vind

konijnen

leuk

Protocol Hierarchies

24

Example information flow supporting virtual communication in layer 5.

Mengapa perlu Layering?

Telnet FTP NFS

Packetradio

Coaxial cable

Fiberoptic

Aplikasi

Media Transmisi

HTTP

25

� Tanpa layering: setiap aplikasi baru harus di-implementasi kembali untuk setiap teknologi jaringan

radiocable opticMedia Transmisi

Mengapa perlu Layering?

� Solusi: diberi layer antara yang menyediakan abstraksi unik untuk bermacam-macam teknologi jaringan

Telnet FTP NFSAplikasi HTTP

26

Telnet FTP NFS

Packetradio

Coaxial cable

Fiberoptic

Aplikasi

Media Transmisi

HTTP

Layer antara

Design Issues for the Layers

• Addressing

• Error Control

• Flow Control

27

• Multiplexing

• Routing

Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services

� Six different types of service.

28

Service Primitives

29

� Five service primitives for implementing a simple connection-oriented service.

Service Primitives (2)

30

� Packets sent in a simple client-server interaction on a connection-oriented network.

OSI Reference Model

31

TCP/IP Reference Model

32

TCP/IP Reference Model (2)

33

Protocols and networks in the TCP/IP model initially.

Hybrid Model

34

Example Networks

� The Internet

� Ethernet

Wireless LANs: 802:11

35

� Wireless LANs: 802:11

Growth of the Internet

� Number of Hosts on the Internet:

Aug. 1981 213

Oct. 1984 1,024

Dec. 1987 28,174

Oct. 1990 313,000 1000000

10000000

100000000

1000000000

36

Oct. 1990 313,000

Oct. 1993 2,056,000

Apr. 1995 5,706,000

Jul. 1997 19,540,000

Jul. 1999 56,218,000

Jul. 2001 125,888,197

Jul. 2002 162,128,493 1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002

The Internet

� Different network types emerged for data transfer between computers

� ARPA also explored packet switching using satellite and packet radio networks

� Each network has its protocols and is possibly

37

� Each network has its protocols and is possibly built on different technologies

� Internetworking protocols required to enable communications between computers attached to different networks

� Internet: a network of networks

Architecture of the Internet

Overview of the Internet.

38

Overview of the Internet.

Internet Protocol (IP)

� Routers (gateways) interconnect different networks

� Host computers prepare IP packets and transmit them over their attached network

� Routers forward IP packets across networks

� Best-effort IP transfer service, no retransmission

39

Net 1 Net 2

Router

Addressing & Routing

� Hierarchical address: Net ID + Host ID

� IP packets routed according to Net ID

� Routers compute routing tables using distributed algorithm

H

40

G

G

G

G

G

G

Net 1

Net 5

Net 3

Net 4Net 2

H

HH

Transport Protocols

� Host computers run two transport protocols on top of IP to enable process-to-process communications

� User Datagram Protocol (UDP) enables best-effort transfer of individual block of information

� Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) enables reliable transfer of a stream of bytes

41

stream of bytes

Internet

Transport

Protocol

Internet Usage

Traditional applications (1970 – 1990)

� E-mail

� News

42

News

� Remote login

� File transfer

Ethernet Local Area Network

� In 1980s, affordable workstations available

� Need for low-cost, high-speed networks

- To interconnect local workstations

- To access local shared resources (printers, storage, servers)

43

servers)

� Low cost, high-speed communications with low error rate possible using coaxial cable

� Ethernet is the standard for high-speed wired access to computer networks

Ethernet Medium Access Control

� Network interface card (NIC) connects workstation to LAN

� Each NIC has globally unique address

� Frames are broadcast into coaxial cable

� NICs listen to medium for frames with their address

� Transmitting NICs listen for collisions with other stations, and abort and reschedule retransmissions

44

Transceivers

Wireless LANs

45

(a) Wireless networking with a base station.

(b) Ad hoc networking.

Wireless LANs (2)

The range of a single radio may not cover the entire system.

46

Wireless LANs (3)

A multicell 802.11 network.

47

IEEE 802 Standards

48

The 802 working groups. The important ones are marked with *. The

ones marked with � are hibernating. The one marked with † gave up.

Pekerjaan Rumah

� Baca Tanenbaum Chapter 1 & 2

� Kerjakan soal Chapter 1 Nomor: 3,4,9, dan 11

� Tugas di kirim ke [email protected] paling lambat 22 Maret 2011 pukul 24:00

49

lambat 22 Maret 2011 pukul 24:00

� Format nama file : tugas-intro-noreg-nama.doc