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To begin with, we are going to look at 3 groupsof verbs.
Group 1 verbsGroup 2 verbsIrregular verbs
Group 1 verbs are also known as godan, V5verbs and u-verbs. Godan verbs include all
verbs that do NT end in !iru or !eru, as well asso"e that do. and are not included inthis group and are irregular.
#erb $on%ugation
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&irst, wh' are the' called godan verbs()ere*s wh' ! 'ou re"e"ber that the series of
vowels in +apanese are
,
,
,
,
( ndthere*s ve of the" the kan%i for godan is
literall' / stage0ell, godan verbs follow the pattern
when the' con%ugate0 hat the hell do I"ean(0 I hear 'ou cr'0
hen we con%ugate godan verbs, the' followthis pattern
4 negative for" I4 innitive for"
54 dictionar' for"
64 conditional for"
4 7let8s7 or 7volitional7 for"
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To illustrate this, we*ll follow the con%ugation of
a si"ple Group 1 godan verb
, in itsdictionar' for".
Negative 4
the dictionar' for"4, when negative, "usttake the vowel which is associated at its lastso it would be u fro" ku4, and change it to an9a: ! beco"ing
. fter that 'ou need toadd , which is the negative su; > ? nai @
Aon*t go00
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&or verbs like
to "eet4, 'ou notice that
following these rules would give 'ou which is frankl' ridiculous. Bo instead, the 9a:
'ou add beco"es 9wa:
>
>
? nai @
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Innitive
The innitive is the for" to which 'ou can addother verbs, honour or both. It*s the base for"fro" which standard
C
+apanese isspoken.
The innitive for" is al"ost stand-alone, inthat the con%ugations used in this for" can beused al"ost e
>
? "asu @
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nother e
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Aictionar' &or"The dictionar' for" is the standardiEedfor" for nding all verbs in dictionaries.This for", for all verbs, regardless of theircon%ugation sche"es, will end with a u.
+ust leave a verb alone to get the dictionar'for"0
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I"perativeC$onditional &or"This for" is used to give co""ands, "akesuggestions or h'pothetical state"ents.Bo"eti"es this for" has no su;dding the su;< to the i"perative for""akes the true conditional for".
wouldbe translated to 9h' don*t 'ou go(: or 9hat
if 'ou went(:
> ? e @ i"perative
i"perative4 ? ba @
conditional
Ha'be 'ou hear 9
it "eans, 9I&* 9
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#olitionalThe for" is the one that is probabl' the"ost confusing. The volitional for" isessentiall' the 9let*s
for".Dou change
to the volitional for" b'dropping 9u: and adding 9ou2:dd 9ou:. Thesu;< in this case would be the u of ou ! it is
"erel' the e ? kou @
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&or" Jule ! starting fro"dictionar' for"
6
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#erb $on%ugationNow we will "ove on to the second group.These are known as Group 2CichidanCru-verbsC#1 verbs.
These verbs are "ost verbs that end in !iru or !eru. This includes the verb
to be, for
ani"ates.
e*ll follow the verb %& to eat4 through thecon%ugations for this group.
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NegativeArop the 9ru: and add 9-nai:.
%& > %& ? nai @ '&
InnitiveArop the 9ru: and add 9"asu:.
%&
>%&
? "asu @%&
Dou can con%ugate the innitive for" to and
!"
.
Actionar'Leep the verb the sa"e.
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I"perativeC$onditionalArop the 9ru: and add 9ro:.
%& > %& > @ %&(
To for" the conditional, drop 9ru: and add
9reba:.
%& > %& > @ %&)
#olitionalArop the 9ru: and add 9'ou:.%&
>%&
> @%&
That was all reall' eas', right(
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&or" Jule ! starting fro"dictionar' for"
6
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#erb $on%ugation
&inall' we*re going to look at the irregular
verbs. There are "an' out there, but these aretwo that 'ou are going to run into the "ostoften !
and
.
The' are irregular verbs because the' have)IG)=D irregular con%ugation patterns.The best wa' to learn the" is to %ust"e"orise.
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Negative > !
Innitive
>!
Aictionar'
>
I"perativeC$onditional
>!(
!> )
#olitional > !
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Negative >
Innitive
>
Aictionar'
>
I"perativeC$onditional
>
!>)
#olitional > K
K N6#6J 5B6A
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Te-for" is an incredibl' i"portant part of+apanese. lthough I won*t go into its "an'uses, if 'ou want to sa' an'thing be'ondthe "ost basic +apanese, 'ou need to learnthis.
The u-verbs are the "ost di;cult tore"e"ber when con%ugating , so tr' thislittle song
+,' - ' .
!' -verb te for"0
It tells us that verbs ending u, ru or tsudrop their ending, and adopt
,'
instead.
Bi"ilarl' for "u, bu, nu verbs, these are
te-for"
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#erb t'pe Jule 6
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ru-verbs con%ugate a lot "ore easil' for te-for". ll 'ou have to do is drop the 9ru:and whack on a
'
.
&or e
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Hasu ste" plus
Tai desire 1 i-ad%Tagaru desire 2 /dan verb)ashinai stong neg desire
Gachi
