JAPANESE SELF-TAUGHT GRAMMAR. - Forgotten Books

JAPANESE SELF-TAUGHT GRAMMAR.

(IN TWO BOOKS . )

BOOK I .—JA PANESE SELF-TAUGHT.

CONTA IN ING THE S YLLABARY ; CLASS IFIED VOCABULARIE SAND CoNVE RS ATION s ; TRAVE L TALK ; HOTE L , ME ALS ,S HOPPING ; COMME RCIAL AND TRAD ING TE RM S AND

PHRASE S ARMY AND NAVY ; RE LIG ION ; MONE Y ,

WE IGHTS AND ME ASURE S , &C . , &c .

BOOK I I .—JAPANESE GRAMMAR SELF-TAUGHT.

Part I .—GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX . THE S YLLABARY . P RO

NUNCIATION . ACCE NT . P ARTS OF S PE E CH . HONOR IF ICAND HUMBLE FORM S OF S PE E CH . CONVE RSATIONALS E NTE NCE S AND jAPANE SE PROVE RBS FOR A NALY SI S .EXTRACTS FROM JAPANE SE A UTHORS W ITH LITE RALTRANSLATION . JAPANE SE CHARACTE RS W ITH ROMANEQU IVALE NT S AND RULE S FOR TRAN SLITERAT ION .

Part I I .—EXE RCISE S . (a) EXE RC I SE S FOR TRAN SLATION W ITH

KE Y . (b) RE AD ING EXE RCI SE S W ITH INTE RLINE D P RO

NUNCIATION , NOTE S AND TRANSLATION . (0) ADD IT IONALEXTRACTS W ITH TRAN SLAT ION .

Part I I I .—VOCABULAR IE S (ALPHABE T ICAL) . E NGLI SH-JAP ANE SE ,

JAPANE SE -E NGL I SH . MONE Y , WE IGHTS AND ME A SURE S .

MARLBOROUGH'

S S ELF-TAUGHT S ERIES - No . I7. J APANES E.

ape nase Se~Taugh

(THIMM'S SY STEM ,

IN ROMAN CHARACTERS )

W ITH ENGLISH

PHONETIC PRONUNCIAT ION .

CON TA I N I NG

THE SYLLABARY ; CLAS S IF IE D VOCABULAR IE S AND

CONVE RSAT ION S

TRAVEL TALK, TRADE AND COMME RCE ,

ARMY AND NAVY , RE L IGION ,

POST-OFFICE AND CORRE SPONDE NCE ; THE NUME RALS ;MONEY , WE IGHTS 8: MEASURE S , &C .

,&c .

ED ITED BY

W . J . S . S HAND ,

D ir e ctor. S chool of J ap ane se Lang uag e and L i te ra ture ,B irkbe ck Bank Ch ambe rs. Lond on.

LONDONE. MARLBOROUGH CO .

, 5 I , OLD BA ILEY, EC .

1 90 7.

[ALL RIGHT S RE SE RVE D ]

IMPORTANT NOTICE .

Th e stude nt sh ould be ar in mind th at th e construc

tion of Jap ane se se nte nce s is e ntire ly diffe re nt from th at

of Eng lish , and th at conse que ntly, Wh ils t th e Japane sesente nce s in th is book e xpre ss th e same me aning as th e

Eng l ish , th e y are in th e Japane se form and must not bere garde d as a lite ral translation. (Se e

“ Syntax in

J APANE SE GRAMMAR SELF-TAUGHT .)

L'

ondoh :M ARLBOROUGH, PEWTRE ss Co. ,

‘

Baile y, -E .O.

PREFACE .

HE p articular aim of th is book is to me e t th e ne e d of

th ose wh o re quire to make use of th e spoke n - lang uag e

with out th e usual e xp e nditure of time and e ffort ne ce ssary toacquiring th e g rammar . It th e re fore supplie s th e words incommon e ve ry

-day use , classifi e d according to subje ct , includinge xte nsive vocabularie s for th e Army and Navy, Trade and

Comme rce , Missionary e nte rprise , Trave l , &c. , &c. ,tog eth e r

with a larg e numbe r of colloquial ph rase s and se nte nce s of a

practical ch aracte r, similarly classifie d. Th roug h out th e sese ctions th e pronunciation of th e Japane s e words is adde d in

accordance with Marlboroug h’ s we ll -known system of ph one tics ,

a system wh ich by its simplicity e nable s anyone spe akingEng lish to re ad off th e words at a g lance , al th oug h pre viouslyunacquainte d with th e languag e . Th e stude nt will of course dowe ll to avail h imse lf as far as possible of th e se rvice s of a

compe tent instructor in orde r to pe rfe ct h is pronunciation,e tc. ;

on th e oth e r h and, te ach e rs will find in th is book a use fulsuppleme nt to th e ir oral instruction .

Th e Publish e rs h ave h ad th e valuable assistance , as

Editor, of Mr . W . J . S . Sh and, wh o was for twe nty-se ven

ye ars re side nt in Japan , and h as h ad four ye ars’

e xpe rie nceas Dire ctor of th e Sch ool of Japane se Lang uag e and Lite rature in London .

For th e native ch aracte rs—th e syllabarie s- and th e rule s

of translite ration, th e stude nt is re fe rre d to “ JAPANE sE GRAMMARSELF-TAUGHT (Marlboroug h

’ s S e lf -Taug h t Se rie s , No. of

wh ich th is volume is th e compleme nt , th e two works forminga ve ry compre h e nsive and use ful manual of th e Japane selanguag e for students , naval and military office rs and publicse rvants , comme rcial me n and trade rs , missionarie s , trave lle rsand tourists .

London , 1907.

CONTENTS .

THE SYLLABARY AND PRONUNCIATIONP e culiaritie s of th e SyllabaryTh e Tonic Acce nt

«P RE L IMIN ARY N OTE S

VocAEULARIE s.—Pag e s 13 to 71 .

Animals, Ve g e tab le s, e tcAnimals, Birds and Fish e sFruits, Tre e s, Flow e rs and Ve g e table sInse cts and Re p tile s

Army and Navy

ColoursComm e rce (Trade and)Corre sp onde nceCountrie s and Nations

Furniture (House and )House and FurnitureMankind : Re lations

Body (Th e Human )Cooking and E ating Ute nsi lsDre ss and Dre ssingFood and DrinkHe althWash ing List

Navy (Army and)Numbe rs—Cardinal Auxiliary , Ordinal , Coll e ctive and

FractionalParts of Sp e e ch

‘

Adje ctive sAdve rbs, Particle s, Conjunctions, Pronouns,Ve rbs

Post ofii ce , Te le g rap h and Te l e phon eP rofe ssions , Trade s, e tc .

Re lig ion

Sh ip s and Sh ip p ingTe le g rap h (Post ofiice , and Te le p h one )Te l e p h pne (Post

~office , Te le g rap h and)

CONTE NTS .

Time s and Se asonsTown and CountryTrad e and Comm e rce

Trave l ling "

World and itSE leme nts ,Th eLand and Wate rMine rals e nd Me tals

CONVERS ATIONAL P HRASE S AND SE NTENCE S —Pag e s 72 to 106Comme rcial and. TradingConve yance s, HiringCorre sp ond e nceEnquiri e sExp re ssions and Ph r se s (Use fu l andNe ce ssary Idiomatic)Exp re ssions of EmotkHe al th

In Town : Visiting

Introductions

Mon e y (Ch ang ing )Post-office , Th e

Sh op p ingTe le g ramsTim e

,Th e .

Trading (Comm e rcial and)Trave l ling .

- Pag e s 81 to 92 .

ArrivalHote l , Th eMe alsBy RailwayBy Road : Hiring Conve yancesBy Ste amboat

Use fu l and N e ce ssary E xp re ssions and P h rase sVisiting

We ath e r,Th e

MONE Y : E quivale nt Valu e s—J ap ane se , Eng lish , 107

WE IGHTS AND ME ASURE S

P OSTAGE

J A PANES E S ELF-TAUGHT.

THE SYLLABARY AND PRONUNCIATION .

Th e Japane se lang uag e h as no“alph abe t as w e unde rstand

th e word . Th e ch aracte rs wh ich may be said to corre spond

with th e Eng lish alp h abe t stand for syllable s—th at is, th e vowe ls

and th e combinations of th e vowe l s and consonants wh ich are

employe d in th e cons truction of words .

Th e se ch aracte rs constitute th e Syllabary, wh ich th e re fore

consists of (a) Vowe l syllabics (syllable s) , and (b) Consonantsyllabics .

(a) Th e Vowe l syllabics re pre se nt th e simple vowe l sounds ,a , i , u , e , o .

(b) Th e Consonant syllabics stand for th e sy llable s wh ich

consist in e ach case of a consonant and a vowe l

joine d tog e th e r, as ka,In

“

, ku,Ice

,ko.

Th e se syllabics tog e th e r form wh at is te rme d th e Go-

Jiu-on,

i . e ., th e F if ty Sounds. As, h owe ve r, some of th e consonantal

sounds h ave softe ne d forms , and final n is se parate ly re p re

se nte d , th e numbe r of syllable s actually employe d is g re ate r.

Th e following table g ive s a conve nie nt arrang eme nt of th esyllabary, th e softe ne d forms be ing printe d in italics . (For th esyllabarie s in th e native ch aracte r se e J APANE SE GRAMMAR SELFTAUGHT—NO. 18 of th is se rie s—pag e s 96,

THE SYLLABARY .

VOWE L SYLLABLE S .

CONSONANT SYLLABLE S .

By le arning th e nine consonants k, s, t , n , h , m, y, r , and

w, tog e th e r with th e five consonantal softe ning s g , z, d , b,

and p , th e Syllabary is re adily commit te d to memory.

PRONUNCIATION .

THE VOWE L S .

Ch aracte rs. Pronunciation .

a n app roximate ly as a in fath e r

f ath e r, but sh orte rmach ine

1 i mach ine,but Sh orte r e e

In some words y is substitute d for i , and In a fe w others i ispronounce d like yi (ye e ) .

‘

1'

is almos t sile nt , me re ly a suspi cion of a vowe lsound is notice able

u approximate ly as ao inf ood

f oot

II like‘

i is almost sile nt

(3 approximate ly as a date

6 o be d

6 sure

o o p olo

[For remarks on th e long and sh ort vowe ls, se e P re liminaryNotes, pars . 1 -2

,pp . 11

THE CONSONANTS .

D ,d is me re ly th e softene d form of t, and is pronounce d

in a similar manne rF, f In pronouncing f , th e lowe r lip doe s not quite

come in contact with th e uppe r te e th , but remainsat about th e same distance from th em as in p ro

nouncing wh in th e word wh en

G, g—at th e b e g inning of a word , h ard—like g in th e

Eng lishIn all oth e r positions like noin sing

H, h aspirate d as in Eng lishIn h i totsii , h i Is pronounce d like sh

u

t?

R, r In th e syllabic i i pronounce d somewh at like th eEng lish d ; i . e .

,in its articulation th e tip of th e

tong ue touch e s th e roof of th e mouth at th e samepoint as in pronouncing but substituting th e dsoundIn th e oth e r syllabics 9

° more re semble s th e English T, but in none of th em is th e trill so de cide das in, say, Scotch , Fre nch , or Ge rman

S , s always sibilant , as in 80 , sat

T, t as in Italian ; th at is, th e tip of th e tong ue isbroug h t into contact with th e uppe r te e th ,

inste adof touch ing th e front part of th e roof of th e mouth

Y , y In th e syllab le ye th e y is mute in most words, andis some time s omitt e d in th e Roman ch aracte r ;oth e rwise as in Eng lish

In some words y is u se d as a vowe l in p lace of i

Z ,2 —like a soft dz in cu-e u and tsu-zn

In th e syllabics 2a,ze , zo, as in Eng lish

Th e consonants l , q , v, and a: are e ntire ly abse n t from th e

J apane se syllabary. Eve n an e ducate d Japane se , in spe akingEng lish , is ap t to substitute r for l ; q and a: are of courseunne ce ssary in th e pre se nce of It and s ; and th e ne are stapproach in Japane se to th e Eng lish 1) is probably f u .

0 occurs only unite d with h , in th e syllable ch i ; f only in f u ;j only in th e syl lable ji , wh ich take s th e place of zi and di ;and w occurs only in ma and wo. Afte r k or 9 , w is not sounde de xce pt as a provincialism .

Th e remaining consonants b, h , m, n , p , h ave approx imate lyth e sam e sounds as in Eng lish , and are th e re fore allowe d to

re pre se nt th e ir own sounds re spe ctive ly .

VOWE L COMB INATIONS .

In th e vowe l combinations e ach le tte r is s e parate ly and

d istinctly sounde d ; th us ,

a i, and is pronounce d “

ah'e e , like th e

Eng lish I , or y in thy i, ah

’e e

a u, pronounce d ah ’oo

”or

“ow,

”like ow in now ow

a e ,‘5ah ’

e h ah'e h

a o, ah'oh ah

'oh

u i, oo

'

e e

e +.

i ’“e h

'e e , l ike an in day, or

at In wa i t

0 i , pronounce d “oh

'e e , like 03; in joy, or

oi in boil

PECULIARITIES OF THE S YLLABARY .

THE TONIC ACCENT .

THE SYLLABARY .

-A re fe re nce to th e Syllabary on pag e 7, or

be tte r still to th e Syllabarie s in th e native ch aracte rs ,* disclose sth re e pe culiaritie s , ma ,

(1) Th e consonant syllable s are compose d in e ach case of a

consonant and vowe l sound combine d —consonant firs t and

vowe l following—for e ve ry syllable is suppose d to e nd with a

vowe l and usually doe s so ; as in nani hata

donata (dOh yozam’

masihL

(goh -zah -re e Th e

principal e xce pt ions are f ore ign words , contractions , and wordse nding in n, as ban , ken , e tc.

(2) Th e re are ce rtain variations from th e re g ular consonants ;e .g . , sh i is found inste ad of si , ch i inste ad of ti , f u inste ad of

ha, 85 0 , Th is is owing to th e fact th at th e Japane se are unableto pronounce th e sounds wh ich are displace d .

(3) Th e consonants k , s , t , and h h ave sof tened forms . Th e seare to be re g arde d m e re ly as modifications of th e h ard consonants , and not as diffe re nt one s . Th e modification is indicate din th e native ch aracte r by adding a diacritic sign to th e h ard

consonant symbol ; th us , ko accompanie d by th e sign is re ad go,tsu. with th e sign is re ad dzu , &c .

ACCENT .—Th e acce ntuation of Japane se words is much le ss

promine nt th an th at of Eng lish . Quicke ne d , or sile nce d, vowe lsounds fre que ntly re nde r promine nt th e oth e r portions of th e

word, but, as a g e ne ral rule , th e stre ss is laid about e qually on

e ach syllable . Th e sound of th e word g ozarimasn, for e xample ,is almost e v e nly emph asize d—yo

-za-ri -ma-sii (g oh -zah -re e

th e te rminal a be ing ne arly inaudible , and th e syllable mare ce iving but a ve ry slig h t acce nt , th e emph asis ove r and aboveth e stre ss laid on th e oth e r th re e syllable s be ing bare lype rce ptible .

(a) In words of two syllables th e acce nt is . as a rule , on th e

first syllable , as h iro tsam

EXCEPT IONS .

—Wh e n th e vowe l sound of th e firs t syllable issh ort i or a , sh ika tsiih i h irb

’

(h e emusd (moo

4 J ap ane se Grammar S e lf-Taug h t, pp . 96, 97. t In Tokyo, g ozaimasu.

(b) In words of th re e syllable s th e acce nt is, as a rule,on th e

se cond syllable , as arash i (ah motomtt (mOh

EXCE PT ION —Wh e n th e se cond syllable is sh ort , as i or it ,

th e first syllabl e be ars th e acce nt , unle ss th e finalsyllable h as a double (long ) vowe l sound ; in wh ich caseth e primary acce nt is laid on th e last syllable , and

a se cond (subordinate ) acce nt on th e first , as taira

atsz‘

iku ch ikiish o‘

(ch e e -k’

bOh‘

ll tC (bOh

(c) In p olysyllable s th e acce nt is on th e last syllable but one , asHakodate (h ah -koh Yokohama (yoh -koh

ExcEPTION . If th e last syllable but one contains t or ii ,

th e acce nt is th rown back upon th e pre ce ding syllable ,as S h imotszike (sh e e

In all words acce nt g oe s to long syllable s , and wh e ne ve r twosuch long syllable s come tog e th e r th e y are pronounce d withe qual stre ss . Example s : A imashb

‘

(i -mah hobb (h oh -boh ) ,sh dsd (sh oh -soh ) .

PREL IM INARY NOTES .

In orde r to make th e be s t prog re ss in acquiring th e words andse nte nce s in th e following pag e s , th e stude nt is re comme nde d

to le arn a fe w at a time by re pe ating th em aloud with th e aid

of th e ph one tic pronunciation in th e th ird column . Th ose wh oh ave studie d J APANE SE GRAMMAR SE LF-TAUGHT (NO . 18 of th isse rie s) will find th e conve rsational ph rase s and se nte nce s ve ryuse ful matte r for e xe rcis e in writing as we ll as in spe akingJapane se .

P ronunciat ion .—Alth oug h th e system of ph one tics may

se em a little cumbe rsome at first , practice will soon enable th estude nt to pronounce th e words e asily and naturally. Th e

following h ints may be of se rvice

(1) Th e pronunciation,as e xplaine d on pp . 8 -11 , sh ould be

care fully studie d , and th e fact particularly note d th at th e Jap ane s e vowe ls always h ave th e same quality or kind of sound ,alth oug h th e y vary in le ng th ; th ey are not us e d to re pre se nt

quite diffe re nt sounds like th e Eng lish vowe ls (as for e xampleth e vowe l a in th e words mar , make , inan,

many, woman) ; th e ysh ould be p ronounce d ve ry short

,i . e . , th e y sh ould not be dwe lt

upon, e xce pt wh e re spe cially marke d long (a, s, it , e”

, and

wh e n double , aa, ii , nu .

Note th at in th e p h one tic columns in th e following pag e satte ntion is drawn to th e long and double vowe ls by printingth e ir ph one tic e quivale nts in I talics , th us : ah , cc, 00 , e h , oh .

(2) Th e ve ry sh ort vowe l s i and it h ave littl e more e ffe ct th anth at of causing th e pre ce ding consonant to be h e ld out to e nableth e following one to be joine d on to it ; th us , sh iki

Th e se almost inaudible vowe ls are re pre se nte d , it will benotice d , e ith e r by an apostroph e m e re ly, or by th e ph one ticsign in bracke ts , according to conve nie nce ; e .g . , re tsil (te h

’

uma [(oo)m -mah'

]In oth e r cas e s wh e re al te rnative ph one t ic signs are em

ploye d , th e ir re spe ctive use s de pe nd on th e que stion as to

wh ich will th e be tte r conduce to corre ct pronunciation .

(3) Be ar in mind th at i (italic) always re pre se nts th e dip hth ong ah -e e th e sound of “ i

”in line , tile , e tc. , or th e

pronoun I .

(4) Each syllable in Japane se sh ould be distinctly sounde d, soth at wh e re two consonants me e t (e xce pt in ch , ts, and dz) th e ymust be pronounce d se parate ly ; th us , onna oh n

'nah , h atta

kah t'tah .

( 5 ) Th e tonic acce nt sh ould be ve ry slig h t , and allowe d to fallnaturally. Its incide nce is sh own by a dash as in kir i

(ke e’re e ) wh e re no syllable is th us marke d th e stre ss is e ve nly

distribute d .

(6) Th e stude nt sh ould omit no opp ortunity of corre cting andpe rfe cting h is pronunciation by h e aring th e lang uag e spoke n bya native of Tokyo by pre fe re nce , or by a fore ig n e xpe rt .

Th ose wh o de sire to be com e acquainte d with th e languag e inits own ch aracte r , as an introduction to Japane se lite rature , willfind th e native syllabarie s , tog e th e r with th e rule s of transl ite ration and illustrative e xample s , in J APANE SE GRAMMAR SELFTAUGHT , pp . 96-102 .

VOCABULARIES .

*

1 . Th e World and its Eleme nts .

(Ch ilryn to 30710 g e ns

Eng lish . J apane se (roman ze d ) . Pronunciation .

2 . Land and Wate r . (01a: to mizu . )Bay wan wahnbe ach amibe , h amabe oome e '

be h ,h ahmah ’be h

cliff g ake gah'ke h

coast , sh ore kaig an, ura ki'ngah n , oo

'rah

For note s on ARTICLE S , GENDER , &c. , se e J ap ane se Grammar S e lf -Taug h t(Marlboroug h ’

s S e lf-Taug h t S e ri e s , No . 18 ) , pp . 16 and 17.

koo'ke e

koo'moh

sah -moo' sah

koo’rah -ng ah

're e

ts(oo)ch e e'

h e e -ngah'sh e e

h e e

ke e’re e

sh e e 'moh

ah -rah 're h

dah n'ke e

h e e kah're e

e e nah be e kah’re e

tsoo'ke e

ke e’tah

ne e'

je ekah '

ng e h

soh 'rah

me e nah'me e

h oh 'sh e e

ah rah'sh e e

h e e , ti-yoh'

yoo'ke e -doh

’ke h

kahme e nah’re e

yoh’ke e , te n

'ke e

ne e'sh e e

kah'ze h

Eng lish . Japan e se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation.

ice

island sh imalake kosui

land toch i , oh’

a

mud doro

rain ame

rive r kan'

a

rock iwa

se a umi

snow gnh i

s tre am nag are , ko-

g awa

tide sh iwo

wate r mizu

wate rfall taki

wave nami

world sekai

3 . Mine rals and Me tals. (Ku'

d -bntsn to Itinzoklt . )Brass sh inch it sh e e nch oo

'

bronze kara-kane kah 'rah -kah ’ne h

ceme nt semento se h -me n'toh

clay h e na-tsiich i h e h -nah -ts’

ch e e

coal se /ci tan se h 'ke e tah n

concre te konhuri to kon-koo-re e -toh

coppe r akag ane ah kah -ngah'ne h

diamond kong o’

sekr koh -ng oh-se h -ke e

e me rald eme rado e h -me h -rah 'doh

g las s gyaman g h e e-ah 'mah n

g old kin ke e n

g ranite mileag e-ish i me e kah 'ng e h

-e e'sh e e

iron te h 'ts’

nah 'be h -ng ah'ne h

joo'koo te h 'ts

’

nahmah ’re e

e e sh e e bi '

roh’se h -ke e

soo'se -ng h e e n

sh e e n'

joo

g h e e n

sekiban se h -ke e'bah n

koh're e

sh e e'mah

koh soo'e e

toh 'ch e e

, oh 'kah

doh 'roh

ah'me h

kah 'wah

e e'wah

oo’me e

yoo'ke e

nah -ngah're h , koh -ng ah

'

sh e e'woh [wah

me e dz’

tah’ke e

nah'me e

se h -ki '

E ng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) .

monke y saru

mous e hatsilka-ne z-umi

mule usag i-il

'

ma

owl f ultnro'

0x kinkiri -ush i

oyste rs kaki

parrot brnu

partridg e shako

ph e asant kiji

p ig buta

pike (se a hamasn

rat ne zumi

salmon shake

se a-fish umi-nwo

se al azarash i

sh e e p h i tsnjisnipe sh ig i

sol e sh i ta-bi rame

sparrow (tre e ) sae ume

swallow tsubaknro, tsubame

swan h akucho'

tig e r tora

trout yamame

turbot ish igarei

turke y sh ich i -me n-cho'

turtle shogakubé

wh ale kuj ira

5 . Inse cts and Re p ti le s .

P ronunciation .

sah'roo

bah’ts ’ kah -ne h -dzoo

’

me e

oo-sah’ng h e e

J m-mah'

fookooroh'

ke e n-ke e're e -oo

'sh e e

kah'ke e

oh 'moo

sh ah 'koh

ke efie ebooTah

kahmah 'soo

ne h -dzoo'm e e

sh ah 'ke h

oo'me e -oo

'woh

ah -zah rah 'sh e e

h e e -tsoo’

je esh e e 'ng h e e

sh’

tah -be e -rah'me h

soodzoo'me h

tsoobah koo'roh ,tsoobah’

h ah -koo-ch oh ' [me h

toh'rah

yahmah’me h

e e sh e e -ngah-ray

'

sh ’e h e e -me n-ch oh

sh oiangah-kooboh

koo-je e'rah

(IlInsh i h a-ko

ari ah 're e

hach i h ah 'ch e e

tama-mnsh i , kabu td tah'mah (or kah bootoh

ch dchd [mush i ch oh -ch oh [moo’sh e e

kemush i , sanag i ke h -moo'sh e e , sah -nah

'

hai h i [ngbe e a

Icae rn kah ’e h -roo

buyu boo’

yoo

mnsh i moo'sh e e

tokag e toh kah 'ng e h

ka kah

Eng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciation .

ki 'koh

de h -de h -moo'sh e e

h e h'be e

koo'moh

6. Tre e s, Fruits, Flow e rs, and Ve ge tabl e s.

(Mie n -

yenash i ; Imdamono ; h ana ; ao-mono yasai . )( S e e Sh op p ing , 104

Appleapricotash

asparag usbe ansb e e ch -tre ebe e trootbirchcabbag ecarrotcauliflowe rce le rych e rry (e ating )cucumbe rfig s

fir-tre e

grape sle af

lemon ynzn

le ttuce re tasa

lily yuri

l ime raimn

me lon uri , maknwa-ur i

nut mt

oak-tre e Irash i

pe ach memo

pe ar nash i

pe as (g re e n) endo-mame

pine (tre e ) matsz‘

Z-no-ki

pine apple ananasii

plum sumomo

potatoe s jaga-imo

Japane se S .-T .

re e n'-ng oh

ah n 'dzoo

toh ne h re e'koh

oo'doh

mah'm e h

boo ’

nah

alI’kah -di

'koh nkah ’bah -noh -ke e

kah -be h -je ene e n

'

je e nh ah

’nah -kah -be h -je e

se h -re h -re e

sah koorahm ’boh

ke e -oo're e

e e ch e e je e'koo

moh’me e

boodoh '

h ah

yoo’dzoo

re h -tah’s

’

yoo're e

ri'—moo

oo're e , mah -koo

'wah -oo

'

me e [re ekah ’

sh e e

moh'moh

nah 'sh e e

e n’doh -mah ’me h

mah 'ts

’-noh -ke e

ah -nah -nah -s’

soomoh’moh

jah'ngah

-e e'moh

E ng lish J apane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciat ion .

7. Colours.

kuroi

asag i-iro

tobi -iro

sh d—jd-h ikoi

d oi, midori -iro

nedzumi-iro

usui

toki -iro

murasaki -iro

akai , aka-ire

h i -iro

h ikyd-iro

sh iroi,sh i ro-i ro

ki -iro, ltii -roi

8 . Time s and S e asons. (J iltoku , J ise tsu . )(For Conve r sat ions se e p ag e

Afte rnoon h e e'roo-soo

'ng h e e

Ch ristmas koo-re e -soo-mah -soo

dawn ah'ke h -ngah

'tah

day h e e

days of th e we e k sh oo-kah n h oh h e eSunday ne e

'ch e e -

yoh'be e

Monday g e h -tsoo-

yoh’be e

Tue sday k (w)ah -

yoh'be e

W e dne sday soo-se -

yoh’be e

Th ursday InOh -koo-

yoh'be e

bah 'rahh oh re nsoh

,

Oh rah n'dah -e e ch e e 'ng oh

ah'kah -nah

'soo

ke e

ook-koh n'koh

kah 'boo

boodoh'-dzoo

'roo

soo-me e -re h -soh’

kooroo'me e

(I ra )kooroy

’

ah -sah'ng h e e

-e e'roh

toh'be e -e e

'roh

sh oh -joh—h e ekoyah -oy, me e doh

’re e -e e

'roh

ne h -dzoo'm e e -e e'roh

oo-soo'e e

toh'ke e -e e

'roh

moorah sah’ke e -e e ’

roh

ah -ki,ah kah -e e

'roh

h e e -e e 'roh

ke e -e e’roh

sh e e -roy, sh e e'rOh -e e

'roh

ke e -e e'roh , ke e -roy

’

E ng lish .

FridaySaturday

day-time

Easte re ve ninge ve ry dayfortnig h tGood-Fridayh olidayh our

h alf-an

mid day, noon

midnig h tminutemonthmonth s (th e )JanuaryF e bruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustS e p tembe rOctobe rNovembe rD e cembe r

morningnig h t

sh é-g zratsu

ni -gwatsu

san-

gwatsu

sh i -g i ratsu

g o-

gwatsu

ro/m-

g n'

atsu

sh ich i -g watsn

h ach i-gwatsaIru -

g watsu

jet -g ird tsn

jtZ -ich i-gwatsu

ill ni -gwatsuasa

ban, yoru

quarte r (3 month s) sanga-

g e ten

s e asons , th e fourSpringSumme r

AutumnWinte r

s e condsunrisesunse ttim e

sh i -ki

har d

natsz‘

l

ah i

fuyukata-toh‘i

h i-no-de

h i-no-ir i

Pronunciation .

ke e n-

yoh’be e

doh -

yoh'be e

h e e'roo

e e'soo-tah

yoo'ngah -tah , bah n

mi -ne e 'ch e e

ne e -sh oo-kah n

g oo-foo-ri

'de h

si -je e'tsoo

e e -ch e e -je e'kah n

h ahn-je e'kah n

h e e’roo

yoh-nah

’kah

e e p-poon

sh’

toh -tsoo’ke e

tsoo'ke e

sh ohne e

sah n

Sh e e

goh

roh 'koo-ng (w)ah' tsoo

h ah'ch e e

koo

joo

joo-e e’ch e e

joo ne eah '

sah

bah n , yoh'roo

sah n 'ng ah

-

g e h'tsoo

sh e s-ke e

h ah'roo

nah ’ts

’

ah 'ke e

foo'

yoo

kah ' te h -toh'ke e

h e e -noh -de h

h e e -noh -e e're e

toh'ke e

Eng lish .

morningto-nig h ttwilig h twe e k

ye ar

ye arly

ye ste rday

J apane se (romaniz e d ) .

konnich i,kyo

Pronunciat ion .

koh n-ne e’ch e e , ke e -oh

'

myonich i , ash i ta* me e -oh -ne e'ch e e , ah

’

ash i ta no asa

komban , h on-

ya

kure -g ata

issh itkan

tosh i

nzai -nen

h ind, sakuji tsu’r

9 . Town and Country .

(For Conv e rsations se e p ag e

Bridg e h ash i

building (e difice ) tatemono

bush kasawara

country inah'a

di tch h ori , dobn

farm hata, denj ife nce hah i

fie ld h atah'

e

foot-path ko-mich i

fore st mori

gate mon

g rass sh iba

h ay mag usa

h ut hoya

inn hatag o-

ya, g adag a

lane h oso-mich i

marke t ich i

m e adow maki -ba

mile ich i -mairn

mill-wh e e l mizu -

guruma

monument kinen-p i

palace hyajo, g otenpolice -station h e isatstZ -joprison lta'ng oku

rive r Iran'

a

road mic/t i

L e ss pol ite .

Sh’ tab

ah sh’

tah noh ab'sah

kohm ’bah n, koh n-

yah

koo're h -ngah’tah

e e s-sh oo'kah n

toh'sh e e

mi -ne n

ke enoh ' , sah -koo-je e'tsoo

(Mach i to inaka .)

h ah 'sh e e

tah te h -moh 'noh

koosah -moo'rah

e e nah’kah

h oh 're e , doh'boo

h ah ’tah , den

'

je ekah ’ke e

h ah tah ’ke h

koh -me e'ch e e

moh're e

moh n

sh e e’bah

mah -ng oo'sah

koh 'yah [doh'

yah

h ah -tah 'ng oh

-

yah , yah

h oh ’soh -me e ’

ch e e

e e'ch e e

mah 'ke e -bah

e e'ch e e -mi 'roo

me e'dzoo-ng ooroo

'mahke e

’ne n-

p e e

ke e -oojoh , g oh'ten

kaysah'ts

’-joh

kah n-ngoh'koo

kah ’wah

me e'ch e e

More p olite .

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation.

10. Mankind Re lations.

Aunt oba

boy mustlko

broth e r kyd-dai

broth e r-in-law h‘

O-j’

ll -to

ch ild kO,kodomo

cousin i toko

daug h te r mztshme

daug h te r-in-law nch i no yome

iye

fath e r ch ich i

fath e r-in-law sbi‘

t to

g irl musiime

g randdaug h te r nzag o-musilme

g randfath e r oj ii -san

g randmoth e r oba-san

grandson mag o

h usband otto

man otoko

marriag e ke hkon

moth e r ha-ha

moth e r-in-law shnto-me

ne ph ew oi

nie ce me

pare nts oya, rye-sh in

re lations sh inrui

siste r (e lde r) ane

(young e r) imo’

to

siste r-in-law hojyntson masako

g ah k-koh '

h e e -tsoo'

je e -kime e

'se h

toh're e

,mah '

ch e e

toh -ki ',mah ’

ch e e

tah 'ne e

moo'rah

e e'doh

moh’re e

(Ning en : S h inrui .)oh

’bah

moo’s

’

koh

ke e -0h'~di

koh -joo-toh

koh , koh -doh 'mohe e -toh ’koh

moo’s

’

me h

oo'ch e e noh yoh

’m e h

e e’

ye h

ch e e'ch e e

sh oo’toh

moo's

’me h

mah 'ngoh -moo s me h

oh -je e'sah n

oh -bak'sah umah 'ng oh

Oh t'toh

Oh -toh'koh

ke k'koh n

h ah -h ah

sh oo'toh -me h

OYme h

oh'

yah ,ryoh

'-sh e e n

sh e en-roo'e e

ah’ne h

e e -moh 'toh

koh -je e -oo'toh -me h

moo’s

’

koh

Eng lish .

Ankl earm

backbe ardbodybone sbowe lsbrainbre ast , ch e stch ine ar (e xte rnal)e lbowe ye

fac efing e rsfooth air

h and

h e ad

h e artkne el e glimbslipslive r

lung smoustach emouthne cknosesh oulde rs

J apane se (romanize d ) .

Th e Human Body.

Pronunciation .

moo'

koh

oh’

je eg oh

’ke h

yah-moh

’m e h

ne e -oh 'bolloh n '

nah

(J intai karada. )(S e e Conve rsations on H e al th , p ag e 94 )

ash i -h nbi

se naka

harada

h arawata

mune

mimi

atama

sh in-no-zo

h iza

ash i

te -ash i

kuch i -biru

h imo, lean-no-zo‘

h ai -no-zb’

uwa h ig e

knch i

kubi

h ana

leata

ah ’sh e e -koo'be e

oo'de h

se h -nah 'kah

h e e 'ng e h

kah rah 'dah

h oh'ne h

h ah rah wah’tah

noh

moo'ne h

ah'ng oh

me e’me e

h e e'

je eme h

kah 'oh

yoo’be e

ah 'sh e e

ah -tah’mah -noh -ke h

h i s ;

ah -tah ’mahsh e e n-noh -zoh

h e e’zah

ah 'sh e e

te h -ah 'sh e e

koo'ch e e -be e 'rooke e

’moh , kah n-noh -zoh

h i -noh -zoh

oo'wah h e e 'ng e h

koo’ch e e

koo’be e

h ah 'nah

kah’tah

Eng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciat ion.

ltusuri

hé-yah u

i tami

g wanya/tu

doku-g ah n

p ap p u

sh oh d-

g ah i

g/akedo

funa-

g oi

nodo Icatarn

h uj ikihydsd

-sai,

og inai

g usnri

wound

13 . Food and Drink . (Sh oknmotsn to nomi mono.)(S e e also p ag e s 15 to 18 . For Conv e rsations se e p ag e s 90

sh in e -bum,be ilcon sh e e 'wo-bootah ,

bay'koh n

nsh i , gytZ-nihn oo

'sh e e , g h e e

-oo'-ne e

'koo

bif zt-te /tlbiira

tokhuri

p an

Irm'

o p an

asa-h an

bata

kwash i

ch iisn

ch okore tsii

sh ig arn

ltd/iii

lturiimu

ya-sh okn

tamayo

sh iromi

udonho

h amu

jamiIto-h itsujialcami

be e 'foo-te h'ke e

be e 'roo

toh k-koo’re e

p ah n

koo’roh -pah n

ab 'sah -h ah n

bah 'tah

k(w)ah'sh e e

ch e e'soo

ch oh koh re h'ts

’

sh e e -ngah'roo

koh 'h e e

koore e'moo

yah-sh oh 'koo

tah -mah ’ng oh

sh e e roh’me e

oodoh n 'koh

h ah'moo

jah'me e

koh -h e e -tsoo'

je eah -kah

'm e e

koosoo’re e

koh -

yah'koo

e e tah 'm e e

gwah n -

yah’koo

doh 'koo-

yah’koo

p ah p'

p oo

Sh oh -h oh'-ng ah

’ke e

yah ke h’doh

foo'nah -

yoynoh -doh kah tah

'roo

kooje e’ke e

ke e -oh -soh -zi , oh -ng h e e

ni'ng oo

-soo're e

ke h 'ngah

Eng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciat ion .

lemonade ramane

me at ni/cn

milk nsh i no ch ich i

mustard karash i

mutton mate n, h itsztji no

oil abura [niltuonion neg t

pe pp e r (COS/LC

pork bnta no nikn

pudding p urin

rice (p lant) inc

(g rain) kome

(boile d) me sh i

salad sarado

salt sh iwo

sausag e sash idzu

soda-wate r soda-midztt

soup Sop p it

sug ar sato

suppe r ynme sh i , yuh an

te a ch a

tobacco tabaho

ve al ko-ush i no nih tt

ve g e table s yasai-mono

vine gar su

wate r (drinking ) nomi -midzt?

wine buddsh u

14. Cooking and Eating Ute nsils. (Ryan: to do’

g u.)(For Sh op p ing se e p ag e

Basin (l p hobosh i koh boh'sh e e

coffe e -p ot hoh ii yahan koh 'h e e yah'kah n

crust-stand yaknmi-tate yah koo

’me e -tah’te h

cup wan wah ndish nag a

-sara nah'ngah

-sah 'rahfork nih u-sash i, h oho ne e

'koo-sah'sh e e , h oh

'

g lass (tumbl e r) koh p'

p oo [kohke ttl e te tsubin te h -tsoo

’be e n

knife h oh ’ch oh , ni

'foo

ove n sutobn sootoh'boo

rahmoo’ne h

ne e'koo

oo’sh e e noh ch e e

'ch e e

kah rah 'sh e e

mah 'te n, h e e -tsoo'

je e nohah boo

'rah [ne e

’koo

ne h 'ng h e e

koh -sh oh '

boo'tah noh ne e

'koo

p oo’re e n

e e'ne h

koh'm e h

me h'sh e e

sah rah’doh

sh e e 'woh

sah -sh e e'dzoo

soh'dah -m e e

'dz’

soh p'

p oo

sah toh'

yoo'me h -sh e e , yoo-h ah n

ch ahtah bah

'koh

koh -oo'sh e e noh ne e

'koo

yah si’-moh

'noh

soo

noh'me e -me e

'dz

’

boodoh'sh oo

E ng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciat ion .

Dre ss and Dre ssing . (If a kn nado. )(S e e also Vocabulary 16, and Sh op p ing , p .

Brace le t udewa oode h’wah

brace s znbon-dzari dzoo’boh n-dzoo

’re e

brooch e ri -dome e h ’re e -doh

’me h

brush burash i hoorah ’sh

’

button botan boh 'tah n

button-h ook botan-kake boh'tah n-kah 'ke h

calico memp a m em ’

p oo

cap shap p u sh ah p'

p oo

cloak , cape kap p a kah p’

p ah [sh’

cloth e s -brush kimono no burash‘

i ke emoh’noh noh hoorah

'

coat kimono, kotto ke emoh'noh , koh t-toh

comb knsh i koo'sh e e

cotton momen moh ’me n

dre ss (lady’s) onna-no-kimono oh n

'nah -nOh -ke emoh '

noh

dre ssing -

gown yukata yoo-kah -tah

e ve ning-dre ss ray

-foo'koo

flanne l f’

rah -ne h'roo

flanne le tte me n-n e h ’roo

g aite rs ke e -ah'h ah n

garte rs tah'be e -doh

'me h

g love s te h -bookoo'roh

h air-p in kah n-zah 'sh e e

h at boh'sh e e

jewe lle ry ke e n-ng h e en-zi

'koo

lace ray’soo

linen re e n-ne h’roo

sah 'rahnah

’be h

oo'ke h -zah -rah

koo’ch e e -foo

’ke e

sah'

je eoh -ke e

'-sah ’

je ech ah -sah ’

je ete h -hoo

'roo-kah 'ke h

doh be e n '

boh nsah

'kah -dzoo'ke e

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciat ion

muslin kanre ish a

ne ckt ie e rikazari , ne ki tai

ne e dle h ari

ove rcoat gwai to

p arasol h i -g asa

pins tome -bari

pocke t kaknsh i

purse kane -ire , saifurain-coat wate r ama-

gapp a

razor [proof kami -soriring ynbiwa

scissors h asami

silk Irina

skirt suso

soap shabon

tooth -brush habnrash i

towe l tenug ui

trouse rs znbon

umbre lla ko’

mori -gasa

(Japane se ) kasa

watch kwai -ch itZ -doh e i

wool rash a,h e

16. Wash ing List . (S e ntaka ff nch ig aki . )N .B .

—To e xp re ss p re fix “fuj in no (foo

’

je e n noh ) .ch ildre n ’

s ,”

koolonio no (koh doh’moh nob) .

silk ,

”kinu no (ke e

'noo noh ) .

“ wool l e n , h e no (ke h noh ) .“cotton ,

” “ mome n no (moh’m e n noh ) .

Aprons , pinafore s mae -kake , h iza-hake mah ’e h (or h e e

'zah

bath dre ssing ynkata yoo’kah -tah [kah

'ke h

blanke ts [g owns f nranke tto foorah nke t'toh

bodice s bojisu bOh -je e’800

caps shap p o sh ah p'

p oh

ch emise s onna jiban oh n'nah je e

'bah n

collars , line n kara kah ’rah

lace kara no re isu kab ’rah noh ray

'soo

cove rle ts ne dd i kake ne h -di ' kah ’ke h

cuffs kaf usu kah -foo’soo

drawe rs sh ita-momoh iki sh e e'tali -mohmoh h e e

'ke e

kah n-ray’ sh ah

e h -re e kah -zah 're e , ne h

h ah're e [ke e -ti

'

g (w) i'toh

h e e -ng ah'sah

toh’m e h -bah '

re e

kah -koo'sh e e

kah 'ne h -e e

’re h , si

'foo

ah 'mah -ng ah p’

pah

kah'

me e -soh’re e

yoobe e’wah

h ah sah’me e

ke e’noo

soo'soh

sh ah'boh n

h ah -boorah’sh e e

te h -noo

dzoo’boh n

koh 'moh re e -

g a’

h 'sah

kah'sah

k(w) i-ch e e oo'-doh -kay.

’

rah’sh ah

,ke h

Eng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciation .

dre sse s , g owns onna no kimono

flanne l wai stcoats f t‘

l rane ru no ch okh i

n e cktie s e ri -kazari,nekitai

nigh t -dre sse s nemaki

p e tticoats onna no sh ita-

g i

pillow-case s maknra-bukuro

pocke t-h andke r hanaf uh' i , h anke ch i

s e rvie tte s [ch ie fs kuch izfukish e e ts sh ii tsii

sh irts [jamas) j ibansle e ping -suits (p y nemaki

socks (pairs) kntsu -sh i ta

stocking s naga-kutsu-sh i ta

tabl e -cloth s teburu-kake

towe ls tenug ui

unde r-ve sts sh ita-j iban .

17. House and Furniture . (Iye to c u.)(Se e also Voca ul ary 14, p ag e 25 . and Sh op p ing , p ag e

Arm-ch air h iji -kakc-isu h e e’

jse -kah’ ke h -e e

'soo

baske t kag o kah ’ngoh

be d ne -dai ne h -di '

be droom ne -nta ne h -mahbe ll r in re e n

blind mado-kake mat h -kah ke h

book -case h onbako h oh nbah 'koh

box h ako h ah 'koh

broom hoki h oh 'ke e

candle ro‘

soku roh'soh -koo

candle stick te -sh okn te h -sh oh'koo

carp e t jii -tan,ntb

'

sen joo-tah n , moh'se n

ce iling tenjo‘

tenjoh'

ce llar ana-

g nra ah ’nah -ng oo

'rah

ch air isu e e’soo

ch e st of drawe rs tansn tah n'soo

ch imne y kemu-dash i ke h 'moo-dah’sh e e

clock tolce i toh -kay'

close t benjo be n ’

johcoal se lcitan se h -ke e

'tah n

ch u’nah noh ke emoh

'noh

f’

rah -ne h’roonoh ch oh k ’

ke e [ne h -ke e -ti

e h're e -kah zah 're e ,

ne h -mah 'ke e

oh n'nah noh sh e e tah

’ng e e

mah koo'rah bookoo'roh

h ah nah foo'ke e , h ah nke h

koo'ch e e -foo

'ke e [ch e esh e e ts ’

je e'bah n

ne h -mah 'ke e

koo'tsoo-sh ’ tab

nah 'ng ah

-kootsoo-Sh'tah

te h boo’roo-kah 'ke h

te h noo-ngoo'e e

sh e e tah’-je ebah n

'

E ng l ish .

counte rpanecupboardcurtainscush iondining -h all

dining-room

door

drawing -room

e l e ctric ligh tfe nde r

floorg arden

g rate (fircke ykitch e nlamplarde r

librarylig h tlocklooking -

g lassmatch e spassag epiano

p ictuI e

pillowpoke rroof

room

se atsh e e tssh ove lside boardstaircasestairstabletable -clothtile stong sve randah

Japane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation .

ne -dai no urea-halve ne h -di ’ noh oo'wah -kah '

to-dana

mains, to bari

sabaton

sh oku-do

sh oltztjii no nmto

kg alm no nza

h igoke

yuka

7tl l€ ( t

stobzt

daidokoro

ramp n

nikn-beg a

sh osai

akari

jdmaekag ami

nzach i

rdka

p iyono

g aku

inakura

h ikaki

g ane

h eya, sush i/t i

seki, 2a

nwa-sh iki , sh iitsz‘

l

sh abah

tana

l h ash ig odan0

toh -dah ’nah [ke h

mah'koo, toh bah

're e

zah boo' toh u

sh oh 'koo-doh

sh oh -koojcc'noh mah

toh

ke e -ah ’koo noh mahde n

'ke e -toh

h e e -

yoh’ke h

yoo'kah

ne e'wah

stoh'boo

kah ’ng h e e

di-doh koh'roh

rahm '

p oo

ne e’koo-be h

’

yah

sh oh -si’

ah -kah 're e

joh'mah - e h

kah -ngah'me e

mah ’ch e e

roh'kah

p e e-

yah’noh

g ah'koo

mah koo’rah

h e e kah 'ke e

yah'ne h

h e h’

yah ,zah -sh e e

'ke e

se h ’ke e , zah

oo'wah sh e e 'ke e

,sh e e 't s ’

sh ah ’bah

tah ’nah

h ah -sh e e -ngoh'dah n

h ah -sh e e'ngoh

te h -hoo'roo

te h -h oo'roo kah

'ke h

kah wah'rah

h e e -bah sah'me e

e n-ng ah'wah

E ng lish .

18 . Re ligion.

Z enno’

no kani iAlmig h ty God

J apan e se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation .

kah 'be h

se -foo'koo toh dah

'nah

mah ’doh

ze nnoh'noh kah 'me e

altar saidan si'dah n

ang e l ten-nin te n-ne e n

apostle ap ostoro ah -

p os-toh 'roh

baptise , to senre i wo okond a se n-ray’woh oh koh -now

'

baptism senre i se n-ray'

b e lie ve , to sh inko-surn sh e e nkoh ' -soo'roobe lie ve r sh inia sh e e n

’

jahbibl e se ish o

,baibara say

'sh oh

, bi'bOO-roo

Bible Socie ty se ish o gwaish a say'sh oh g (w) i

'sh ah

burial so-r e i Sch -raycem e te ry haka-sh o

,bodai-sh o bah

'kah -sh oh , bOh -di ’

ch arity (love ) at 7. [sh ohCh ristian kir isiito-sh inja ke e re e s toh -sh e e n

'

jahCh ristianity kirisii to-kyo

‘

ke e re e 's -toh ke e -oh

ch urch (be lie ve rs) hyd-kun i ke e oh

'-k(w) i 1

cle rgyman be e n, senkyo-sh i boh dzoo, sen koh sh e e

Commandme nts , jik-kai je e k-kiCommunion [th e se ison-sh iki say

-sah n -sh’

ke e

conscie nce konsh in h oh n-sh e e nconve rsion kaish in ki

'sh e e n

Cre ator, Make r Z o-batsa-sh a dzoh 'boots’-sh ah

Cross , th e joo'

je e kahd e ath sh i sh e ede vil akuma ah koo

'mah

divine kami no kah 'me e noh

duty g imu g h e e’moo

e pistl e fnmi foo'me e

e te rnal , e ve rlasting e i -kyn, no

e te rnal life ci -hyil no inoch i

e vil (adj .) warui , ash iki

e vil (n .) aka

faith sh inkd'

faith fuljitsu narn

ay-ke e -oo

,noh [ch e e

ay-ke e -oo noh e e -noh '

wah -roo'e e , ah -Sh e e

'ke e

ah'koo

sh e e nkoh'

makoto naru , sh in mah koh'toh nah 'roo,

sh e en -je e t'soo nah ’

roo

Eng lish .

New Te stamentobe dienceofi

'

e rtoryOld Te stame ntparablepardonp e ace

Pitypraisepraye rprie s tProte stantProte s tantismProvidencepulpitpurityre conciliationRe de eme r

re demptionre lig ion

re pe ntancere surre ctionrig h te ousne ssRoman Cath olicSabbath , th e

sacrame ntsacre dsacrificesalvationSaviour, th e

Scripture , th ese lfi shne sss e rmon

se rvice , divinesin

sinne rSon of God

sorrowsoulSunday sch ool

J apane se (romaniz e d ) .

sh in-

yahu Z en-sh o

sh itag an-koto

kenkin

kynyakn Z en -sh o

tatoo-banash i

yurush i

anraku

awaremi

h omare

inori

bdsa

sh in-kyo-to

sh in kyo’

sh in-se t

kddan

yau'

arag i

Kytl -se i -shukyil

-se i

shflkyd

kd-kai

fukkwatsii

g t , se i -g i

ten-sh u-kyd-to

anschu-nich i

saktiramento

se i naru

g i-se i

sukui , kytl-sh d

Kya-se i-sh u

seish o

sh i -g oh i l

sokkyo

re ihai -sh iki

tsumi

tsnmi -bi to

Kami no konag oki

tamash t i

nich iyo-

gakko

Pronunciation .

sh e e n-

yah'koo zen-sh oh

sh e e tah'ng ow

-koh 'toh

ke n-ke enke e -oo

’

yah koo ze n-sh ohtah toh ’

e h -bah -nah’ sh e e

yooroo'sh e e

ah n-rah 'koo

ah wah re h 'me e

h ohmah 'redie e -noh '

re e

boh ’dzoo

sh e en-ke e -oh -toh

sh e e n-ke e ~oh'

sh e e n-saykoh 'dah n

ke p-

p ah'koo

yah-wah -rah 'ng h e e

ke e -cc'-say

-sh ooke e -ao

'-say

Sh oo-ke e -oh

koh -kt

fook

g h e e , say’ng h e e

te n-sh oo-ke e oh ' -toh

ah nsoh 'koo-ne e'ch e e

sah -k’

rahmen'toh

say nah 'roo

g h e e-say

'

sookoo'e e , ke e -ao-sh oh

ke e -oo'-say-sh oo

say’sh oh

sh e e -yoh'koo

se k-ke e -oh'

ray-h i ' -sh e e

'ke e

tsoo'me e

tsoo'me e be e

'toh

kah 'me e noh koh

nah'ng e h -ke e

tahmah sh e e '

ne e ch e e -yoh'-ngah k

'koh

Eng lish . Japane s e (romanize d ) . Pronunciation .

tempe rance (g e n e tsutsush imi

temptation [ral) yttwakuth ankfulne ss kansha

tract zas-sh o

trust sh ingo

tru th makoto, sh inji tsilunbe lie f f u-sh in

unfaith ful f u-sh ing t tsii naru

virtue toku

wicke d ash iki , aku no

wicke dne ss aka

will kokoro,ki -to

‘

Wisdom ch i sh iki

Word of God kami no kotoba

world, th e sekai , shaba

worsh ip re i-hai

worsh ippe r rei -h aish a

19 . Profe ssions, Trade s, &0 . (Kagyo, sh dbai , nado . )(For Sh op p ing se e p .

Actor yakusha yah koo-sh ah

actre ss onna-

yakush a oh n’nah -

yah koo’sh ah

arch ite ct kenoh iku-sh i ke n-ch e e'koo-slre e

artist ekaki e h -kah 'ke e

bak‘

e r p an-

ya pah n-

yah

banke r g inko chb‘

g h e e nkoh' ch oh

barbe r kami yni , tokoya kah’me e -yoo

'e e ,toh -koh

'

bookse lle r hon-ya h oh n-

yah [yahbutch e r niku-

ya ne e'koo-yah

carpe nte r daiku di’koo

ch emist (ap oth e kusuri -ya koosoo're e -

yah

confe ctione r [cary) kwash i-ya k(w)ah'sh e e -

yah

cook kokku koh k’koo

de ntist ha-ish a h ah -e e'sh ah

doctor isha e e’sh ah

farme r hyaknsho h e e -ah k’

sh oh’

fish e rman ryd-sh z re e -oh

'sh e efish mong e r sakana-

ya sah kah’nah -

yah

floris t h ana-

ya bah'nah -

yah

g ove rne ss jokyo-sh i joh -ke e -oh's h e e

Japane se S .-T .

tsoo-tsoo-sh e e'me e

yoo’wah koo

kah n 'sh ah

ze h s-sh ohsh e e n-

yoh'

mah -koh'toh , sh e e nje e

'ts

’

foo-sh e e nfoo-sh e e nje e

'ts

’

nah 'roo

toh 'koo

ah -sh e e ’ke e , ah 'koo noh

ah'koo

koh koh'roh , ke e -boh

ch e e sh’ ke e

kah 'me e noh koh toh'bah

se h -ki ’

, Sh ah'bah

ray-h i

rayh i’sh ah

Eng lish . Japane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciation .

g re e ng roce r yah-oh ’

yah

h airdre sse r (wo kami -yui kah 'me e -yoo'e e

h atte r [man’

s) bosh i -ya boh 'sh e e -yah

je we lle r kazariya kah zah re e'

yah

lawye r daig en-nin [joch i

‘

t) di'

g h en-ne e n

maid- se rvant g ejo (more polite , g h e h'

joh (joh -ch oo)m e sse ng e r tsnkai no mono ts(oo)ki

'noh moh

'noh

mone y-ch ang e r ryd

-

g ae-ya r(e e )yoh

’-ng ah

'e h -

yah

nurse (femal e ) kang ojo kah ng oh'

johOptician meg ane

-sh i m e h -ngah'ne h -sh e e

ph otog raph e r sha-sh in-

ga sh ah -Sh e e n-

yah

ph ysician isha e e'sh ah

policeman joon'sah

porte r (ligh t) karuko kah roo'koh

printe r insatsu -sh i e e n-sah'tsoo sh e e

se rvant ko'

ko'

nin , me sh i h ohkohne e n, me h 'sh e e

tsukai tsooki '

kutsu-

ya koo' tsoo-

yah

ak indo ah ke e n'doh

utai-ko ooti'~koh

sh oh -say'

g ekwa-isha g e h'k(w)ah -e e

'sh ah

kensa-kan ken'sah -kah n

sbi tate -ya slI’talI

'te h -

yah

kyosh i , sensei , sh ishoke e-ah

'sh e e , se n-say

'

,

akindo ah ke e n'doh [sh e e -shoh '

toke iya toh -kay’

yah

20. Countrie s and Nations. (S ho-koku .)(S e e Trav e l ling , p ag e s 81—87.

Africa Afurika -shzZ ) ah foore e'kah -sh oo)

Ame rica Ame rika ahme h re e'kah

Ame rican , an Ame rika-jin ahme h re e'kah -je e n

Asia Ajia ( s h it ) ah '

je e ah -sh oo)Ch ina Sh ina , Kara sh e e

'nah ,

kah 'rah

Ch inaman ,a S h ina-jin sh e e

'nah -je e n [koo

Eng land Ig irisu, E ikoku se -ng h e e re e'soo, aykoh

'

Engl ish (lang uag e ) Ig irisu kotoba, e e -ng h e e re e'soo koh toh ’

bah , ay’ng oh

Eng lishman Ig ir isu-j in, E ikoku se -ng h e e re e

'soo-je e n,

iin [ay-koh 'koo-je e n

Eng lish . Iap ane se (roman iz e d ) . Pronunc iat ion.

Europe Ye rop p a, S e iyo‘

France Furansu

Fre nchman Furansu-jinGe rmany D oitsu no h i to

Ge rman, a Doitsu-jinGreat Britain Dai-Buritan

India Indo, Tenj ikuJapan Nip p on ,

Nih on

Japane se , a Nihon -jin, N ip p on

Russia Ro- ltoku , Re sha [j inRussian

,a Ro-l.’oku-j in

S cotland S ukottorando

21 . Trav e lling . (Ryo-kd. )(For Conv e rsations se e pag e s 81

to-chaku toh -ch ah 'koo

5 fukuro fookoo'roh

(h and kaban kah 'bah n

be rth (on sh ip) ne -doko ne h -doh'koh

bill (account) kah n-johboarding -h ouse g h e h -sh oo

'koo-

yah

boat foo'ne h , koh boo

'ne h

booking -office sh oos-sah ts ’

johbox h ah 'koh

carriag e , coach bah 'sh ah

ch ang e (mone y) tsoo're e

ch arg e (price ) ne h,ne h

'dah n

class,first joh toh

se cond ch ootoh

th ird kah tak'

coachman gyosha g h e e-oh

' sh ahtabi-zw ~

e,7nich i -znre tahbe e -dzoore h ,me e ch e e

consul ryoji re e -oh 'je e [dzoore hcush ion sabaton zah boo'toh n

custom -h ouse [ce ze ikwan zay’

k(w )ah ncustom-h ouse ofii ze i -kwan kwanri zay

'k(w)ah n k(w)ah n're e

de parture (by land) shuttatsu. sh oot-tah 'tsoo

(by wate r) sh up p an sh oop'

pah n

distance mich i -nori , risa me e'ch e e -noh 're e , re esoe

'

drive , a bash a-nori bah ’ sh ah -noh’re e

yoh'roh p -pah , say

-yoh

’

foorah n 'soo

foorah n 'soo-je e n

doy'tsoo noh sh ’

toh

doy'tsoo-je e n

di -boore e tah n ’

e e n’doh , te nje e

’

koone e p

'

p oh n ,ne e'h oh n[je en

ne e h oh n’-je e n,

ne e p poh n'

roh -koh'koo, roh ~sh ah

roh -koh 'koo-je e nsoo -koh t-toh rah n ’doh

Eng lish . Japane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciation .

drive r g h e e-oh

'sh ah

dust(raise dbywind) h oh koh 're e

duty zayduty-fre e wmze i moo-zay

’

e ng ine kikwaw sha ke e'k(w)ah n -sh ah

-drive r Icikwan -sh i ke e’k(w) ah n-sh e e

e xpe nse s (trav .) ryoko-h i re e -oh koh ' -h e e

e xpre ss (train) kynko ressha ke e -oo'kuh re s

'sh ah

fare (ch arg e ) ch insen ch e e n'se n

good-bye saydnara sah -

yoh'nah rah

guard (railway) sh a-cho sh ah -ch ah

g uidance annaz ah n-u i'

g uide , a annaisha. ah n-ni'sh ah

g uide-book annai-sho ah n-ni ’ -sh oh

h ote l , inn yadoya, hote ru yabdoh'

yah , h oh -te h -roo

inspe ctor ke nsa-nin ke n'sah -ne en

inte rpre te r tsnben,tsnn tsoo

’be n, tsoo’

je e

journey tabi , ryoko tah'be e , re e -oh koh

’

junction (railway) te tsudono kb'

saten te h -tsoodoh ' noh koh-sah

ke y kagi kah 'ng h e e [te n

labe l (tag ) foo’dah

landlady okami-san oh kah’me e -sah n

landlord (h ote l) te ish in taylavatory chozu-ba

,banjo ch oh -dzoo-bah

, be n'

johlug g ag e , bag gag e nimotsu ne emoh 'tsoo

-van (rail . ) kishano ni-g uruma ke e'sh ah noh ne e -

gooroo'

mah [ke h'ng be e

match (for lig h t) mach i , kayo-8 221035713mah

’ch e e , h ah

'

yah -ts (oo)mone y

-ch ang e r ryo-

g ae—ya re e -oh

'-ngah

'e h -

yah

mone y , re ady yenkin g h e n'ke e n

ne wspape r sh imbunsh i sh e emboon'sh e e

office jimusho , yakz‘

ish o je emoo’sh oh , yah

'k’

sh oh

official sh tkwan, yakum’

n

omnibus nori -ai basha noh're e -i bah ’ shah

packag e tsutsumi tsoo-tsoo'me e

party (p l e asure ) yu san yoo sah npasse ng e r nori -kyaku nobre s-ke e -

‘

ah 'koo

passport (ryoko) menjo [re e -oh koh'

me njoh'

payme nt h arai bah rt"

pi e r hatoba h ah -toh 'bah

Eng lish .

pipe, (tobacco

policemanporte r (rail .)(lig h t)

portmante auprice (cost)purserailway

-carriag e

re ce iptre staurantroad , wayrugsaddlesh ipstationstation -maste rste ame r

stirrupte le scopeticke t

re turntime -tabletip (g ratuity)train (rail . )tramtrave lle rtrunktunne lwaite rwaiting -room

saloonvoyag e

J apane se (romanize d ) .

karuko

kaban

nedan, atai,na

kane -ire , kinoh aku

Pronunciat ion .

ke e se h 'roo

joon’sah

e h 'ke e -foo

kah roo'koh

kah ’bah n

ne h 'dah n, ah ti’

, ne h

kah ’ne h -s e

're h, ke e n

tamdo te h [ch ah'koo

tats/22015 kyakush a te h ke e -ah

koo'sh ah

nice -tori oo'ke h -toh

're e

ryori-

ya re e -oh're s -

yah

mich i me s'one s

kotto ke t'toh

kura koo’rah

fimc foo’ne h

sfite shon,tm

'

ska -ba s’

te h'sh oh n , tay

'sh ah

eki-chb‘

e h'ke e -ch ok [bah

jo‘

kisen joh'

ke e se n

obami ah boo'me e

to-megane , boon/mo toh -me h -ngah'ne h , boh

ofaka-g ip p u

j ikan hyo'

salmte

leis/ca,r e ssha

torsd o-basha

ryo-fin , tabi ~bi to

kaban

tonne ra

béi , kWJ'

i

ma ch i -ai -ba

ch abuya (vulg .)kokai

Sh ip s and Sh ip p ing .

ke e p’

p oo [en-ke e -oh

oh fookoo-ng h e e p'

p oo

je e'kah n h e e -oh

sankah 'te hke e 'sh ah ,

re s'sh ah

te h -bah 'sh ahre e -oh -je e n , tah ’be e

kah bah n ’

[be e'toh

toh n-nah'roo

boh'e e , ke e -oo

’

je emah

’ch e e -i -bah

ch ah boo'yah

ko/L'ki

(Fune Nada.)(For Conv e rsations , se e rag e as. )

ikar i

no-doko

f uneh e -saln:

J apane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciation.

cabin kyaku-sh itsz

‘

é, j una ke e -ah 'koo foo'

captain soncho'

[beg/a se n-ch ah [nah -be h '

yah

compass jishakn je e -sh ah'koo

cre w nori -kumi noh’re e -koo

'me e

de ck kamp an kahm '

pah n

flag h am h ah ’tah

h e lm (rudde r) kaji kah’

je elanding

-stag e h atoba h ah -toh'bah

life -buoy uki oo'ke e

lig h t-h ouse to-myo-dai toh -m’

yoh-di

mast ho-bash ira h oh -bah sh e e'rah

oar ro kai (scull) roh , ki [sh ahpilot midzu, saki annai me e

'dzoo sah'ke e ah nni '

port (h arbour) minato [ska me enah 'toh

porth ol e mado mah ’doh

(for g un) ho-mon h ob/moh n

rope nawa nah 'wah

sail h o h oh

se aman (sailor) suifu, f und -loo soo'e e foo, foo

'nah -koh

se a-sickne ss fnna-

yoi foo'nah -

yoysh ip f une foo

'ne h

ste amboat jo‘

ki—sen joh'ke e -se n

ste e rsman kaji -tori kah'

je e -toh're e

ste rn tomo, g em-bi toh ’moh , sem -be e

steward makmmi -kata mah kah ni ' -kah 'tah

23. Trad e and Comme rce . (Sho-gyo . )(For Conv e rsations se e p ag e s 103

Acce pt , to (bill) Iei l.-i -ukem h e e'ke e -ooke h

'roo

acce ptor h ike -uke -nin h e e ’ke e -oo'ke h -ne e n

account , kah njoh'

[rooto close kanjowo sh ime ru kah njoh

'woh sh e eme h

'

to se ttle an ke s-san-suru ke s-sah n-soo'roocurre nt kog o ke isan koh ’

ngoh kay’sah n

on joint nori -ai -de noh 're e -i-de h

accountant kanjo-kata kah n-joh'-kah '

tah

addre ss sh uku-sh o sh oo'koo-sh oh

advance (mone y) mae -gas/Li mah ’e h -ng ah

'sh e e

advice , le tte r of annai-jo ah n-mi ' -johaffidavit se i -g en, sen-se i say

-ng h e n, sen-say'

Eng lish . J apane se ( romanize d ) . Pronunciat ion .

cle rk ban-to

comme rce boeki

comp any, a joint go-mei kwaishastock [skaa limite d yflg en

-sekinin-kwai ‘

consign, to okum

consigne e ni -uke—ninconsig nme nt -olcuri-ni

consignor -o/curi-nin

contra account h antai kanjocontract , a yakujocost na dan

cost , insurance and tochaku dutka

fre ig h tcost price g h e n

-kah

cre dit balance zah n-ke e ncre ditor si-sh oocustoms ’ dutie s k (w)ah u-zaydamag e s, comp e n soh n-ng h i

'-bi -sh oh '

sationdate , at th re e san-

g a-

g e tsu nich i

month s ’

g en do

de bt kart, shakk'in

de btor kari-teQ

de live r,to sash i-watasu

demurrag e taisen -h i-yo

dire ctors tori-sh imari

discount wari -bilci

to wari -biki suru

divide nd haito-l n'

n

dock [due s senlfyo-jo, doklmdock and h arbour dokku nyzZ

-ko-ze i

double e ntry fuku-sh iki -boki-Izo

draw , to (bill) kawase wo tom'

knmu

drawe e sleiharai -nin

drawe r (of bil l) furz'

dash i nin

duty kwan-ze i

e xport yush utszZ-ze i

-fre e ma-ze i

babn-toh

boh 'e h -ke e

g oh-may k(w) i

'sh ah

yoo’ng h e n

-se h ke e'ne e n

oh koo'roo

ne e -oo'ke h -ne e n

-oh koo’re e -ne e

-oh koo're e -ne e n

h ah ntz' kah njoh’

yah koofiohne h dah n

toh'ch ah koo di

'kah

sah n-i i gah-ng e t

'soo

n'

e e'ch e e -ng e n de h

kah're e , sh ah k'ke e n

kah ’re e -te h

sah'sh e e -wah -tah 'soo

ti'-se n-h e e -

yoh

toh’re e -sh e emah 're e

wah're e -be e

'ke e

wah’re e -be e

'ke e soo'rooh itoh

'-ke e n

se n-ke e oh’-joh , doh k

'koo

doh k'koo n

’

yoo-koh -zay

foo'koo -sh e e

'ke e -boh'ke e

h oh [koo'moo

kahwah 'se h woh toh re e

sh e e -h ah -ri’-ne en

foo're e dah 'sh e e ne en

kwah u-zay'

yoosh oo'ts

’-zay

moo-zay'

Eng lish .

duty, importliable to

e stimate , an

J ap ane se (romaniz e d ) .

yu-nyd

-ze’i

ni ka/{awam

yo-san

,mitsumori.

e xch ang e (mone tary) ryog ae

e xport -ation)e xport , toe xch ang e (mart)firm , a

yush utsfi

yush utszi sum

tofl h iki-joShosha , shown

fre e on board funa-zumi-daiko

fre ig h t (ch arg e )-sh ip

g ood s

g ross we ig h t

g uarante e

g uarantorh olde r (of bill)importimport , toimport tradeimporte rindemnityindors e , toindorseme ntindorse eindorse r

unso-ch in

fund -ch in

nimotsii

fntaikosh d

Izosho-nin,uke -nin

shoji -nin

yu-nyd

yu-ny

'

zl sm‘

u

yu-nyzZ

-sho-

gyo

yu-nyzZ

—m'

n

sh'

o'

kin

arag aki wo sum

aragaki

h i -urag aki-nin

[me nt) urag aki -nininstalme nt (of p ay nash i kuzush i

insurance company hoken-

g waz'

sha

fire

marine

policypremium

insure , tointe re st (rate of)mvmceI .O.U .

landing ch arg e sliabili tie slig h te rag eliquidation (windload, to [up )

kwasai -hoken

kaijo-h oken

hoken-sho'

sh o

koken-ryo

koken suru,

ri87ti ,’r isoku

okanjb’

shakuyo-sho

'

sho

riku-ag e-ch in

suru

Pronunciation.

yoo-ne e-ao

'-zay

ne e kah -kah -wah 'roo [re e

yoh'sah n , me e tsoomoh

re e -oh'ngah -e h

yoosh oo'ts

’

yoosh oo'ts

’ soo'rootoh re e h e e

'ke e -johsh oh ’

sh ah,sh oh ' te n

foo'nah -dzoo

'me e -di ’kah

oonsoh'-ch e e n

foo'nah -ch e e n

ne emoh ’ts

’

foo-ti

h oh -sh oh ’

[ne e nh oh -sh oh -ne en, oo

'ke h

sh oh'

je e -ne e n

yoo-ne e -oo

'

yoo-ne e -oo

' soo’roo

yoo-ne e -ao

’-sh oh -ng

’

yoh

yoo-ne e -oo

'-ne e n

sh oh'ke e n [roo

oorah -ngah'ke e woh soo’

oorah -ng ah'ke e

h e e -oorah -ngah'ke e -ne e n

oorah -ngah'ke e -ne e n

nah 'sh e e koodzoo

'sh e e

boh'kem

kwah si'-h oh ’ke n

ki -joh'-h 0h

'ke n

boh 'kem-sh oh 'sh oh

h oh’ken-re e -oh

'

boh’kem soo'roo

re e’sh e e , re e -soh

'koo

oh koore ejoh’

sh ah koo-yoh

’-sh oh ’ sh oh

re e'koo-ah

'ng e h

-ch e enfoos i '

ne e -boo'ne h -ch e e nsay

'sah n

tsoo’me e -ne e woh soo'roo

manufacture , to

J apan e se (romanize d ) .

SONS/l imit

no h i

se izo-sum

manufacture d g oods se i'

-h in

manufacture r se izo-sha

marke t (for goods) mulai-price so

'

ba

-place io/ci-ba

m e rch andise sho-h in

me rch ant shonin,alcindo

me rch ant sh ip shosen

mone ymone y

-marke t kinyu, sh ijone g otiable yuzm

‘i -watasbi no

[ne ss) de h ira

ne g otiate , to (busi [cake -anne t cost g en

- lea

profit ri eki,nio

'

ko

we ig h t sho‘

mi

obligation (de bt) fusan'

orde r , an ch z‘

omon

to chamon mo sum

packag e (case ) h ako

packing nidzukuri

paid h arai -zumi

p ar doka

of e xch ang e kawase no doka

partne rpartne rsh ip kumi -ai

payable h am i—watasn-beki

paye e uke tori-nin

payme nt sh i -harai

p e r annum moi -nen,nen ni

p e r ce nt . , 2% ni bu g o min

3 sum bu

port of de live ry moku-teki -Ico

port due s minato 2 615

price , cost sh i-ire , moto-no

-list daiko -hyo

Pronunciat ion .

soh nsh e e 'ts’

gwin-sen sh inw -ki ri yoo'be e n-sen sh e e

'me h

ke e 're e noh h e e

say-zoh

'- soo'roo

say-h e en

say-zoh

’-shah

moo'ke e

Soh'bah

e e’ch e e -bah

sh oh ' -h e e nsh oh

'ne e n

,ah -ke e n

'doh

sh oh ’se n

ke e n’se n

ke en’

yoo sh e e -joh'

yoo-dzoo

're e -wah -tah ’

sh e e noh de h -ke e'roo

kah 'ke h -ow

g h e n-kah

re e -e h'ke e , moh ’ke h

sh oh'me e

foosi '

ch oo'moh n

ch oo'moh n woh soo'roo

h ah’koh

ne e dzookoo're e

h ah -ri’-dzoo

’me e

doh 'kah

kah wah’se h noh doh

'kah

sh ah -e en

koo'm e e -i [ke e

h ah ri’-wah tah

'soo-be h

'

ooke h toh're e -ne e n

sh e e -h ah ri'

m i-ne n,n en ne e

ne e boo g oh re e n

sahm boo

moh'koo-te h 'ke e -kch

me e nah'toh zay

sh e e -e e're h

,moh

'toh -ne h

'di 'kah -h e e -oh

E ng lish . J apane se (roman iz e d ) .

uri-no

dog g/o-nz

'

n dos/n} no

ne dan

wh ole sale orosh i nri no ne dan

proce e ds

p rofit toku, ri eki

and loss account son toku kanj opromissory note yakusoku tegata

prospe ctus Shut-Sim

p unc tual [tic/roman no

purch ase , to law ,

quality (of g oods) bin sh i tsn

quantity taka

quarte r (3 month s) san-

g a-

g e tsz‘

t

quotation (of price ) manequote , to no no tsulce 'm

rate of e xch ang e kawase

re ce ipt uke tori-sh o’

re duaction no-biki

re -e xport sai -g/ush utsz‘

l

re fe re nce s sh inyo shokat-nin

re g iste r, to (le tte r) kaleitome ni snru

re g iste re d le tte r kaln'

tome no wg ami

re g istration Iraki tome

fe e [calci tome ryo'

remittance sot in

re nt ya-ch in

re ply h enji , h ento'

to h e nii sum

re pre sentativ e dairi-m’

n

re tail ko-nri no

to ko-nri wo guru

salary g e lrlcyd

sale um koto

sale sman (se lle r) nri-te , nri -kata

sample mih on

se curity(g uarante e ) h osho’

s e ll , to urn

se ttling days uke -watash i no h i

Pronunciation .

oo'

re e -ne h

doh -ng e e oh'-ne e n dah

'sh e e

noh ne h'dah n [ne h

’dah n

oh roh'sh e e oo

're e noh

oo're e -ah ’

ng h e h dah'kali

toh ’koo, re e -e h’ke e

soh n toh 'koo kah njoh'

yah koosoh'koo te h -ng ah

'

sh oo’

e e -sh oh [tahke e ch oh 'me n nah

kow

h e e n sh e e 'ts ’

tah ’kah

sah n -ng ah-g e h

'ts ’

cc-n e h

ne h woh tsooke h’roo

kah wah 'se h

ooke h toh ’re e -sh oh

ne h -be e'ke e

si-y oosh oo’ts

’

sh e e n-

yoh’sh oh ’ki -ne e n

kah ke e toh'me h ne e soo

'

roo [ng ah'me e

kah ke e toh'm e h noh te h

kah ke e toh'me h

kah ke e toh 'me h re e -olz,

soh'ke e n

yah-ch e en

h e n'

je e , h e n-toh '

h e n '

je e soo'roo

di ’re e -ne e n

koh -oo're e noh

koh -oc're e woh soo'roo

g h e k-ke e -ao

’

oo'roo koh

’toh

co’re e -te h , oo

’re e -kah

’tah

me e'h oh n

h oh -sh oh '

oo'roo [h e e

oo'ke h -wah tah

’sh e e noh

Eng lish .

sh are h olde rsh are spre fe re ncerailway

sh ipping ch arg es

sh ipping h ousesh ipping trad esolve ntstock (goods)stock (sh are s , e tc. )stock-broke r

stock e xch ang estock-takings towag etaretariff (dutie s)

J apane se (romanize d ) .

kabu-nush i

kabnsh iki

yd sen kabu

te tsudo-kabu

funadzumi nyd h i

[ya

funa-zumi shflsen

kai-un-

gyo'

sh i / ‘

yoku no aru

art ni

Irabush iki-nakagai

nin joleabush iki-tori-h ilri

tana-orosh i

tsumi o oki

e isolcu

t e l e g raph ic addre ss donsh in- na-ate

coderemittance

te le ph onee xch ang enumbe r

te nde r , tote rms (conditions)tonnag e

(due s)towing ch arg e stradetrade -marktransactiontransfe r

to

trave lle r (comme rcial)

unde rwrite runloadingvalue

ve ss e l (sh ip)

demp o‘

no ang o’

densh in kawase

de nwa kt

denwa kd-kwan-jodenwa no bongo

nyu-sats u suru

ke iyalcu no jdkentonsil

tonzoi

h iki -bune -ryo

shogyo

shoh yd

tori-MM

yudzuri-watash i

yudzuri-watusa

ch ilmon-tor i, tabi o

akindo

sh aken-37m.

'ni-orosh i

atai, ne

-uch i

fmm

Pronunciation

kah’boo-noo

’sh e e

kah boosh e e 'ke e

yoo sen kal i 'boo

te h -tsoodoh '-kah 'boofoonah dzoo

'm e e ne e -ao'

h e e [se n-

yah

foo'nah -dzoo'me e sh oo'

ki -oon-ng h e e -oh '

sh e e -re e -oh'koo noh

ah 're e ne e [ah

'roo

kah boosh e e'ke e

kah boosh e e’ke e -nabkah

ng h i'm e e n [h e e

'ke e -johkah boosh e e

'ke e -toh 're e

tah 'nah -oh roh'sh e e

tsoo'me e -oh 'ke e

foo'ti

zaysoh'koo

den 'sh e e n-nah -ah

'te h

dem-p oh

'noh ah n-ng oh

'

de n'sh e e n kahwah

’se h

de n'wah ke e

de n'wah koh -k (w)ah u-joh

de n 'wah noh bah n' ngoh

ne e'oo-sah '

tsoo soo'rookay

-

yah'koo noh joh

'ke n

toh nsoo'

toh n-zay’

boe’ke e -boo

'ne h -re e -oh

’

sh oh -ng h e o-oh

sh oh 'h e e -oh

toh're e -h e e

'ke e

yoodzoo're e wah tah ’

sh e e

yoodzoo're e -wah tah 'soo

ch oo'moh n-toh 're e

,tah '

be e -ah -ke e n'doh

h oh'ke n-sh ah

ne e -oh roh 'sh e e

ah -ti'

,ne h -oo

’ch e e

foo’ne h

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciat ion .

vouch e r oo'ke h -toh 're e -sh oh

ware h ouse koo’rab , doh -zoh

'

warranty h oh sh oh '

we ig h t me h kah'tah

wh arf h ah toh 'bah

Wh arfag e h ah toh'bah -my

wh ol e sale oh -oo-re e

me rch ant orosh i -um’

oh roh 'sh e e -oo're e

winding -up kwaz’

sha no kaisan kwi 'sh ah noh ki'sah n

24. Corre sp onde nce . (Sh e -Iran .)(For Conve rsa t ions se e p ag e

Addre ss [ sh uku-sho , na

-ate sh oo'koo-sh oh ,nah -ah 'te h

addre ss, to ate ru ah -te h 'roo [me e

blotting -

pap e r sumi-tori -g ami soo'me e -toh

're e -ng ah

’

dat e g ap jtn'

, h idzuke g ah p'

p e e , h e e dzoo’ke h

e nve 10p e jobukuro joh’bookooroh

ink inki , sumi e e n'ke e , soo

'me einkstand inkt-tsubo e e n

'ke e -tsoo'boh

le tte r, note sh o-jo, teg ami sh oh -joh , te h -ng ah’me e

box yzlbfin-bako yoo

'be e n-bah 'koh

note -pape r sh okan-sh i sh oh'kah n-sh e e

p e n ,ste e l (nib) p e n p e n

fountain mannen-f ude man'ne n-foo'de h

-h olde r p en-jiku p e n

-je e'koo

p e ncil emp itsii em -pe e 'ts ’

pe nknife kaich d -

g atana ki -ch oo ’-ngah -tah 'nah

seal in,imp an e e n , e empah n

'

se aling wax fn-ro foo-role,

sh e e t of pap e r, a kami ich i mat kah ’m e e e e'ch e e mi

signature t ime i ke emay'

write , to [calm kah'koo

writing kakimono kah ke emoh 'noh

de sk tmknye tsoo-koo'ye h

25 . Post-office , Te l e grap h and Te le p h one .

a 'in dens/tin denwa .

(For Conv e rsa tions se e p ag e 95 , and for Posts] Rate s se e pag e

Book post -yoo

'be e n

de stinatione xce ss (p os tag e )

Pronunciation.

l e tte r post sho-kwan-

ynbin sh oh -k(w)ahn-

yoo'be e n

mone y orde r yabin-kawase yaa

'be e n-kah -wah'se h

newspape r wrappe r obi -fa oh'be e -foo

numbe r (of orde r) bongo bah n-ngoh’

[be en

p arce l post Icodzutsu-mi yzzbin koh dzoo'tsoo me e yoo

'

p os tag e s tamp ys z’

n-g itte yoo

'be en -ng h e e t’te h

post -card yz‘

cb'in-h ag aki yoo'be e n-h ah -ng ah

'ke e

p oste -re stante gubin-kyoku

-azabari yaa'be en -ke e -oh

'koo-ah

dzoo-hab’re s

yabin-haitatsn-nin yoo

’be e n -h i -tah 'ts’-ne e n

yd bin-kyoha

-cho’

yoo'be e n ke e -oh

'koo-ch ah

ys in-kyoku yoo

'be e n-ke e -oh

’koo

ydbin ryo'

h arai yoo'be e n re e -oh

' h ah ri'

zumi no dzoo'me e noh [roo

p re pay, to mac barai wo swrn mah 'e h bah ri ' woh soo'

r e g iste r, to (ale tte r) kalci tome ni suru kah ke e toh 'me h ne e _ soo'

roo [te h -ngah'me e

r e g iste re d le tte r kakitome no teg ami kah ke e toh'me h noh

re ply paid h emp o-h am i -znmi h e n1poh

'-bah rt"-dzoo

’m e e

ring up , to yobi-dasu yoh

'be e -dah'soo

t e le g ram dempo dempok'

cost of danskin -ryo den'sh e en-re e -oh ’

te le g raph form M p o-h akzt-sh z demp oh

'-h ah 'koo-sh e e

me sse ng e r demp o-zukai demp oh

’-dzooki

'

office donsh in-kyoku d e n'sh e e n-ke e -oh ’koo

te le g raph , to densbin wo kake ru de n'sh e e nwoh kah ke h '

roo

te le ph one denwa de n’wah

to denwa wo kake ru de n'wah woh kah ke h '

roo

call office denwa ko-kwan-jo de n'wah koh -kwah u -joh

numbe r denwa bong o de n'wah bah n '

ngoh

we ig h t mokata me h kah'tah

ove r yobun-me kata yoh boon

-me h kah’tah

26. Army and Navy . (Riku-g un ; [ mi-g un . )

Adjutant f ukukwan fookoo'k(w )ah n-

g e ne ral sambo-sé-kwan sam-boh -soh -k (w)ah uadmiral kaig un

-taisho’

ki 'ng oon-ti-sh oh '

advance , to susumu soo-soo'moo

aide -de -camp doare i -sh i de nray'-sh e e

alarm, an h aybah'

Eng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) .

bre e ch -loade r (rifl e ) ko-sé-jabridl ebrig ade ryodan

brigadie r-

g e ne ral ryodan-cho

bug le

bug l e r rap p a-sku

bulle t (rifle ) s/zoja-dan, tama

burst , to (sh e ll) h are tsu sum

cable (anch or) ozuna

camp ljin-

ya

campaign sen-eki

camping g round sha-oi -ch i

cannon, g un tat-ho

captain (army) m’

kugun-tai -i

(navy) kaig un-taisa

capture , to (a sh ip) h o-kwaku g uru

cartridg e yaku-bo

cartridg e -pouch danyaku-ba-ko

casualtie s skis/Lo

cavalry t i -h e i

ce ase fire , to hassha wo yamem

ce rtificate , le ave kyzZ-ka sh e

'

s/co

ch ain, anch or byosa

ch ang e s te p fumikaech aplain (army) m

’

kug un kwaish i

ch aplain (navy) kaig un ku'

ais/n'

ch arg e Ito-g e ld i tose

ch ie f-of-th e -staff sambo’

cho‘

colone l toisa

colours , th e g un-kt

column jutaicombatant sento-in

non h i -sen to-nin

command , a go'

re i , nunre t

to skim suru

commande r (navy) kaigun sh b’

sa

-ih -ch ie f sh ire icho-Imvan

commanding office r sh ire i -kwan

commissariat hyd-rb

'

tai

company cln‘

ttai

Pronunciation.

k'

oh -soh -jootah -dzoo-nah

re e -oh ’dah

re e -oh'dah -ch oh

rah p’

p ah

rah p'

pah -sh oosh oh ’

joo dah n,tah 'mah

h ah re h ' tsoo soo 'roo

oh’dzoo-nah

je e h -

yah

se n-e h 'ke e

sh ah -ay-ch e e

ti -h oh

re e koo'ngoon

-ti -e e

ki ' -ng oon-ti ’

sah

h ob soo'roo

yah'koo-boh

dah n-

yah'koo bah

’koh

sh e e sh oh’

ke e -h ay [rooh ah s-sh ah woh yahme h

'

ke e -ao'-kah -sh oh

'sboh

be e -ah'sah

foome e kah ' e h

re e koo'ng oon k(w ) i

'sh e e

ki ’ng oon

koh -ng e h-ke e e e tah

'se h l

sahm-boh -ch ohti ' sah

g oon-ke e

jooti'

sentoh '-e e nh e e -se ntoh ’

-ne e n

gab'ray, may

-ray'

sh e e ray' soo'roo

ki ’ng oon sh oh 'sah

sh e e raych oh'-k (w)ah u

sh e e ray'k(w)ah n

h e e -oh -rah' tz

’

ch oo't'i

Eng lish . J apan e se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciation.

company (artille ry) tai lco-tai

h al f taiho Iran-tat

compass(marine r’

ii -shakucorporal [ (pre ss g ochocorre sponde nts jng un kish acourt-martial yumpo

-kwaig t'

crew nori -k nm'if in

cruise r junyo-kancut (wound) keg a kizu

de faulte r h anzaisha

de faul te r ’ s drill sho-batsu chore n

de fe ncede potde se rte r dasso-h e i

de tachme ntdisciplinedisembark , todismount !divisiondoctor, th edre ss !drill

drill -bookdrive r

drumdrumme rdutie sduty, guard

outpostdynamiteembark

,to

embarkatione ncampme nte nemye nemy

’ s positione ngag eme nt kas-sen

eng ine e r (naval) kaigun-ki -kwan-sh i

eng ine e rs (corps) koh ez'

dan

e quipme nt g un-bi

e scort goei

Japane se S .-T

ti -h oh ' -ti

ti-h oh'bah n-ti

je e -sh ah'koo

g oh -ch oh'

joo'ng oon ke e 'sh ah

g oomp oh'-kwi 'ng h e e

nob're s-koo

'me e -e e n

joon-

yoh'-kah n

ke h'ngah , ke e

'dsu

h ah n -zi’sh ah

sh oh -bah 'tsoo ch oh ’re n

boh ’ng h e e

-oh

h oh n-aydah s -soh '-h aysh e e -ti '

goon'ke e

joh -re e’koo-soo

'roo

g h e h'ba h !

sh e e'dah n

e e'sh ah

nah -rah'

e h l

ch oh’re n soh 're n

soh’te n

g h e e-oh -soh ' tsoo

ti 'kobkoh 'sh oo

g h e e'moo

sh oo-ay'

g h e e'moo

ze nsh oh’

g h e e'moo

d e e nah me e 'toh

job-se n soo’roo

joh'se n

yah-ay

'

te h ’ke e

te h -ke e'

je e nkah s-se n

ki 'ng oon-ke e -k (w)ah u

kak'h ay-dah n [sh e e

g oon-be e

g oh-ay

'

Eng lish . Jap ane se . (romanize d ) . Pronunciation .

e xe rcise , bayone t jukenjutsue xpe dition onset

e xte nd l Claire

eye s rig h t , dre ss ! mig i e , name

le ft ! h idari e !

fall in, to se ire tsu suru

farrie r te 'ite tsulco

fatig ue (barrack) e inai toban

fi e ld artille ry yasen ko'

h e i

e xe rcise s so'

ren

g lass sog an-kyo

'

g un yaho’

h ospital yasen byoin

marsh al g ensui

te le g raph yasen densh in

file (of me n) re tsu , g o

fire ! ute

fire , to bass/1a suru , nobi

flag hata [kake raflank sokumen

le ft h idari sokumen

rig h t mig i sokumen

fle e t , th e kantai

foot-soldie r h osotsu

forag e Icaz’

ba ,barg e

"

fore sig h t (of rifle ) slzojaku

formation tat/m"

fortre ss hodai , yb‘

sai

forward 1.

mac 6 ! susame .

’

front , th e shomen

furloug h kyuka

g al lop , to sh ikku sum

g arrison sh ubih e t'

g ene ral , a taisho

g e ne ral office r shokwdn

g ove rnor (military sow/cu

g round, parade romp e iba

guard , th e e ihe i

advance d zonal:

re ar ko’

e i

joo’ke njootsoo

e nsay'

ch e e 're h

me e’ng h e e e h , nah -rah '

h e edah 're e e h l [e h

say-re h

' ts ’ soo'rootayte tsookoh

’

ay-ni

'toh

'bah n

yah'sen h oh ’h ay

soh -re n

soh’ngah n

-ke e -oh'

yah-h o

‘

h'

yah'se n be e -oh 'e e n

g h e nsoo'e e

yah'se n de n

’sh e e n

re h 'tsoo , g oh

oo’te h !

h ah s'sh ah soo'roo,oo

'ch e e

h ah 'tah [kah -ke h ’

roo

soh koo’me n

h e e -dah ’re e soh -koo'me n

me e’ng h e e soh -koo

'me nkah nti '

h oh -soh’tsoo

ki ’bah,bah -re e -oh

’

sh oh'

jah -koo

ti -kay'

h oh'di

, yoh'si

mah ’e h e h ! soo-soo

'me h !sh oh

'me n

ke e -oo’kah

sh e e k’koo soo

'roo

sh oobe e h ay'

ti -sh oh '

sh oh'kwah n

’

soh'toh koo

remp ay'bah

ay-h ay

’

ze h n-ay'

kok'ay

Eng lish .

g uard-room

g uard , to mount

g uard turn out !

gun ,cannon

g un-carriag e

g unne r

g unpowde rh alth ay ( fodde r)h e ad-quarte rsh orse -brush

-cloth-sh oe

h ospital, stationh ospital -sh ipbut

inde pe nde nt firinginfantry

mounte dinspe ction [antinstructor, assis tinsubordi nationInte llig e nce D e pt .inte rpre te rinte rvalintre nch , to

kille d in actionknap sackladde r

lance , spe arlance rlash ing (binding )le ave , on

le ftturnwh e e l

li e ute nant (army)-colone l-g e ne ral

~

l ine (rope )

I J apane se (romaniz e d ) .

ci -sh a

joban sum.

tore -ju taoh i ide

ho“

hosh ah

hosotsu

kwayaku

tomare

mag usa

h one i

umabake

bat

te tte i

byoin

byo’

insen

koya

kakka shag eki

kiba h oh e i

kene tsu

jokyo Iowan

fufuku, fukikimi tsu kyoha

tsuyaku-kwan,

kankaku

[cosho suru

sensh i sum

h aino'

h ash igo

yam?

so'

ln'

h e i

ke ssoku

kguka de-oru

h idari

h idari muke

h idare e maware

ch il i

chusa

tsuna

Pronunciat ion.

ay-sh ah

joh'bah n soo’

roo

toh're h -joo ! tah

'ch e e e e’

h oh [de h lh oh ' sh ahh oh 'soh -tsook (w)ah -

yah'koo

tohmah 're h l

mah -ng oo'sah

h oh nay’

oomah bah'ke h

bi

te t-tay'

be e -oh'e e n

be e -oh’e e nsen

koh'

yah

kah k'koh sh ah -ng e h

'ke e

h oh -h ay'

ke e 'bah h oh -h ay'

ke h n-e h ’tsoo

joh -ke e -oh' kwah u

foo-foo'koo ,

foo'ke e

ke e -me e'ts ’

ke e -oh'koo

tsoo'-

yah'koo-kwah n ,

kah nkah 'koo [tsoo'-je e

h oh -sh oh soo'roose n-sh e e soo'rooh i-noh '

h ah -sh e e'ngoh

yah're e

soh -ke e h ay'

ke s-soh’koo

ke e -oo'kah de h oh '

roo

h e e dah’re e

h e e dah're e moo

'ke h

h e e dah're e e h

'

mah wah '

ch oo'e e [re h

ch oo'sah

ch oo-johtsoo

'nah

Eng li sh .

line , firingin

of fire

load , to (g un)mag azme

riflemain bodymajor

g e ne ral

man-of—warmapmarch '

force dmark time , tomarksmanmidsh ipmanmili tary policeminemuske try

instructionmuzzle of a gun

Navy, th e

office rnon-com .

Japane se (romanize d ) .

sh ag eki sen

tsuranart:

kwasen

howo sotan suru

kwayaku soko

remp atsujuh ong un

shosa

shosho'

ash ibumi suru

shashu

kaig an-sho-i -kohose i

kemp ei

raiko"

shag eki

sh ag eki kyo'

rén

kaig un

slzt’

kwan,shoko

"

ka-sh i

pe tty ka-sh i-kwan

s taffoflice rs

’

me ssorde r (command)orde rlyoutpos tparadeparolepatrol

p ay (office r’ s)

(soldie r’ s)

paymaste r

p ickaxepicke tpil e arms !pontoon

sambo sho'

ko

shokokaish okush o

me tre i

dearer:lea-sh i

kwamp ei sbi let

mang o“

sekiko’

Itokyu

kyuryo

g unri

tsump p ash i

sh o-h e i

kume jakayo

Pronunciation.

sh ah -ng e h'ke e se n

tsoo-rah -nah 'roo

k(w)ah'se n

h oh woh soh'te n soo’

roo

k (w)ah -yah'koo soh

’koh

rem-

p ah tsoo-joo

'

h oh n'ng oon

Sh o/t 'sab

Sh o/t'sh oh

g oon'kah n

dzoo

soosoo’me h !

ke e -oh -koh ’ng oon

ah sh e e boo'me e soo'roo

sh ah'sh oo

ki'ng oon

-sh ob-e e -koh '

kem-

pay'

[h ob -sayri -koh '

sh ah -ng h e h'ke e

sh ah -ng h e h’ke e ke e -ah

'

h ah -koh [renki 'ngoon

sh ah -kohkah -sh e ekah -sh e e -k (w)ah usahmboh ’ sh ah -kohsh oh 'koh ki-sh oh -koo

mayray’

[sh ohdenray

’ ke h -sh e eze nsh oh ’

k(w)ahmpay'sh e e 'ke e

moh ngoh’

se h -ke e koh'

h oh -ke e -oo'

ke e -ao-re e -oh

g oon're e

tsooroop-pah

’sh e e

sh oh -h ay'

koo'me h joa lkoh -ke e -oh

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation .

postpre se nt !

arms !prisone r of war

to take toriko ui suru

promotion sh in/{ya

punishme nt cho-kai

private , a h e isotsu

quarte rmaste r kyayo-

gakari-se rg e ant kyayo

'

gunso

quarte rs e e‘

quick march ! h aya ash i

rang e of g un sh atez’

rank (in army) ikai

and file h e ish i

front zenre tsu

re ar ko'

re tsu

rations ko‘

bun

re ady ! got

re ar , th e h ai -men

re ar-admiral kaig un-sho

'

sho

re connaissance te isatsu

re connoitre , to te isatsu sum

re cruit , a sh imp ei , nyutaish a

Red Cross Socie ty sektjujish are doubt kakumembore g ime nt, cavalry kih e i rentai

infantry h oh e i rentai

re gulations kyore i

re ins tazuna

re port , a tsubo

re se rve s yobi , kobz’

re tire , re tre at (to) taish oku sum

taikyaku sum

kisho'

rap p a

kwamp e i-sh iki

sho-jumig i

mig i muke

mig i e mawara

Sh oh 'sh oh

ne h -rah’e h !

sah sah’ng e h joo !

f’

re e -oh'

toh re e'koh ne e soo'roo

sh e e nke e -ao'

ch oh -ki

h aysoh'tsoo

ke e -ao-yoh-ngah kah

’re e

ke e -oo'

yoh g oon'soh

ayh ah

'

yah ah'sh e e

sh ah -tay’

e e ki '

h ay’sh e e

ze nre h'tsoo

koh 're h -tsookoh ’boon

yok'e s

ii i -me n

ki 'ngoon-sh oh -sh oh

taysah’tsoo

taysah'tsoo soo'roo

sh e em-pay'

,ne s-oo

’tzl sh ah

se h ke ejoo'

je e sh ahkah -kooimem-boh

'

ke sh ay’re nti '

h oh -h ay’renti '

ke e -ok'ray

tah -dzoo'nah

tsoo-h oh

yoh’be e , koh

'be e

ti -sh oh'koo soo'roo

ti -ke e -ah'koo soo'roo

ke e sh oh‘rah p p ah

k(w)ahmp ay'—sh e e 'ke e

sh oh -joome e

’ng h e e

me e'ng h e e moo

'ke h [re hme e

'ng h e e e h mah wah '

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) .

roll-call , th eroute -marchsaddlesailor, bluejacke t

(m e rc . marine )salute , a

to

scout, ato

se ntryse rg e ant

-majorse rvant, office rs

’

se rvice (duty)Spe cial tokube tsu kimmu

Sh e ll h édan

fire hodan sleag eki

sh ot , a dangwan

sh oulde r arms ninae jusig h t (of g un) shojakusignal , to sh ing o

‘

sum

s ignalle r sh ingo-h e i

skirmish , to shoto sum.

skirmish e rs samp ei

skirmish ing sansen

soldie r h e itai, gungm

spade h ishu

spy kancho

squadron (cavalry) kih e i no chutai

squarestaff

, th e sambo

stand at e ase yasume .’

ste p , pace h odo

stirrup abumi

store , ordnance holze i buko'

strate gy senryaku

s tre tch e r tanka

-be are r tankasotsu

supplie s , fi e ld senji kyayosupply column ryo

’

shoku jure tsu

Pronunciation .

“

te u 'kohkoh

'ng oon

koo'rah

soo-e e -h ay’

soo-e e'foo

kay-ray

'

kayray' soo'roo

si -sah 'koo

soh’sah -koo soo'roo

bahm-p ay

'

g oonsoh'

soh -ch oh

joo'soh tsoo

ke em 'moo

toh koobe h 'tsoo ke e 111'

h oh 'dah n [mooh oh

'dah n sh ah -ngh e h

'ke e

dah n'ng (w)ah n

ne e -nah ’e h joo l

sh ohfiah koosh e e n-

g ah’ soo'roo

sh e e n-

g oh'~h ay

sh oh -toh soo'roosahmpay

’

sah n’se n

h ay-ti

’

, g oon'

je enh e e sh oo'

k‘

ah nch oh'

ke e h ay'noh ch aoti '

h oh'

je e nsahmboh '

yah soo'me h !

h oh 'doh

ah boo’me e

h oh ’h ay bookol.’

se n-re e -ah’koo

talm 'kah

tah nkah soh'tsoo

se n'

je e ke e -oo-yoh [tsoore e -oh

'sh oh koo joo

’

re h

11 3111 ich 1'

* (jew-e e’ch e e )

12 jiu 111+ 26 ui -jiu roku 100 h iaku (h e e -ah'koo)

13 j1'

u-san 27 m -jiu-sh’£ch 1 200 ui -h iaku

14 jut-31113 28 ui-jiu-h ach i 300 sam-biak‘

u

1 5 jiu-g o 29 ni -jiu-ku 400 sh i -Malta

16 j iu-roku 30 san-jiu 5 00 g o-h iaku

17 jiu-sh tch i 31 san-jiu-i e h i 600 1'

0p-

p 1'

a/cu

18 jiu-hae h i 32 san-jiu-ui 700 sh tch i-h iaku

19 jiu-ku 40 sh i -flu 800 h ap-p iaku

20 ni -jiu 5 0 g o-jz

’

u’

900 ku-In’

aku

21 ni -jiu-ich i 60 Tokugjiu 1000 sen (se n)22 ni -j iu-ni 70 sh ’ich i -j iu 2000 ui -sen

23 ui -jiu-san 80 h ach i-j iu 8000 has-sen (h ah s-sen)24 ni-jiu-ski 90 ku-jiu man(mah n)2 5 ui-jiu-g o jiu-man (jew-mah n)

h ia/cu-man

1907 S en-ku-Malcu-sh ’lch i -nen (sen-koo-h e e -ah'koo-sh

’ch e e -ne n)

Norms—1 . Th e Ch ine se num e rals 1 to 10 must be emp loye d only wh e n

standing alone , or p re ce ding monosyl labic or uncomp ounde d nouns

de rive d from th e Ch ine se .

2 . Wh e n emp loye d with nouns of p ure ly J apane se origin , th e

t e rm inal tenof th e J ap ane se num e rals is drop p e d .

8 . For furth e r information on th e use of th e nume rals th e stude nt isre fe rre d to Marlboroug h

’s J ap ane se Grammar S e lf-Taug h t, p p . 30-36.

28 . Auxiliary Nume rals i (B e tsu-su-ji .)

In Japane se obje cts are usually e nume rate d as so many of a

class or spe cie s , by me ans of auxiliary num e rals ,” wh ich

somewh at corre spond with such an e xpre ssion as“e ig h t h ead

of cattle .

”Th e following are th ose most commonly employe d

Aux . Pronunciat ion . Appli e d toNin h uman be ing sh iki animals , a draug h t of a ne t, pie ce s of

silk , e tc.

birds and bundle ssticks , cyl inde rs , long and round

article s (pe ncils , pole s , masts ,tre e s ,

Th e word s in th is list are o f Ch ine se orig in .

f Pronunciat ion alre ady g ive n in t h is list is not re pe ate d .

1 S e e Marlboroug h ’s J ap ane se Grammar S e lf-Taug h t, pp . 32-34.

Pronunciation.

satsu sah'tsoo

suj1'

soo’

jsedai di

mune moo'ne h

ted tsookumi koo

'me e

tsutsumi tsoo-tsoo'me e

29 . Ordinal Numbe rs . (J o-su-ji )Japane se (rom . Pronunciat ion Japane se (rom .)

l st dai ich i* d1'

e e'ch e e 17th dai-gw

-sh te h i

2nd ui ne e 18 th j iu-hach i3rd san sah n 19 th jiu-ku

4th sh i sh e e 20th ui -jiu5 th go g oh 21st ni -jiu-icbi

6th roku roh'koo 22nd ni -jiu-ui

7th sh tch i sh’

ch e e' 23rd ui -jiu-san

8th hach i h ah'ch e e 24th ui -j iu-sh i

9th Icu koo 2 5 th ui-jiu-gol 0th jiu jew 26th ui -jiu-rolfu

11th jew-e e’ch e 27th ni -jz

'

u-sh tch i

12th jiu-ui 28 th ui -j’iu-h ach i

13th jiu-san 29th u i-j iu-ku

14th j iu-sh i 30th san-jiu1 5 th jiu-

g o 40th sh i [kool 6th jiu-roku 100th h iaku h e e

’ah

'

Inste ad of e mploying “ dai befor e ,“ ban

"(bah n) may b e use d af te r th e

cardinals . Se e J ap ane se Grammar S e lf -Taug h t , p . 34.

Appli e d tobroad flat obje cts (pape rs , plate s ,coins , cloth ing , e tc.)

h ouse s and building s in g e ne ralsh ips , boats , e tc.

fills of a cup , bowl , g lass , e tc.

(pairs of) sh oe s , socks, sandals , e tc.

obje cts such as j lnrikish as, palanquinsdose s of me dicine , smoke s of

tobacco, e tc .

mats it de sig nate s th e are as of

compartme ntsvolume s of books .e xte nde d obje cts , as rive rs , roadsve h icle sridg e

-like th ing s or h ouse sle tte rs , docume ntsse ts of obje cts , as toys ; companie s (ofpe rsons) .

packag e s

30. Coll e ctiv e and Fractional Numbe rs, e tc.

( S hu-

gG-su,

bun-312 nado . )

Eng lish .

All mina (emph atic,ce ntury, a isse iki

h alf-a-ce ntury h anseiki

couple (pair) 1ttsu1

doubl e (twice ) bai, baihodo, n1j 1'

n

doze n 10111 daasu

h alf-a-doze n h an-daosa

e ig h th h ach ’i -bu-no-ich i

firs t time h ajime -uifourth , a sh i-bu-no-ich i

g ross , a jiu-ni -daasu,

10711 g orosu

h alf , a hambun

once 1301111do

part (portion) , a bubun

sh i-bu—no-ich i ,ui -bu-g o

-m'

n

score ni -j iuse cond time 111-do-me

sing le (only one ) tatta h itotsuno

quarte r (5 )

th ird a sam-bu-no-ioh i

th ird time , th e san-do-me

th re e -fold san-bai -no

th re e -quarte rs sh i -bu-no-san

twice 1113- 110

as much ni -ba1’

th e wh ol e , all th e mina de , 307115 1111

31 . Adje ctive s.

*

Abl e dokiru

afraid Iaomai

all nokorazu,mina

alone ki tom'

de

amusing omosh iroi

anoth e rawkward be ta

,buchobo

‘

bad warut

Pronunciation.

m e e’nah , me e n

’nah

[minna) e e s-say’ke e

h ah n-say'ke e

e e t-tsoo'e e

b1’

,b'i-h oh 'doh , ne e

'

jewe e

'ch e e dah ’

soo

h ah n-dah ’soo

h ah 'ch e e -boo-noh—e e ’ch e e

h ah -je e'me h -ne e

sh e e -boo-noh -e e’ch e e

je w-ne e -dah 'soo,e e

'ch e e -

g oh roh'soo

h ahm ’boon

e e'ch e e doh

boo'boon

sh e e'boo-noh -e e

'ch e e ,

ne e -boo-

goh-re en

ne e -je wne e -doh -me h

tah t ’ tah sh’

toh 'tsoo noh

sahm -boo-noh -e e'ch e e

sah n-doh -me h

sah n-bi’-noh

sh e e -boo-noh -sahnne e -doh

ne e -bi [re eme s

’h ah de h , soh k-koo

(Ke i—o-ski .)de h ke e

’roo

koh -wi’

[nahnoh koh rah

'dzoo, me e'

sh’

toh're e de h

ohmoh -sh e e ~roy'

[te’

h oka no,1116 h ttotsu

"

h oh’kah noh

,moh sh

’

toh'

h e h ’ tah, boo-ch oh ' h oh

wah roo’e e

ForGrammatical Note s se e Marlboroug h ’

s J ap ane se Grammar S .T . , p p . 61—66.

Eng lish , J apane se (romanize d ) .

be autiful ktret (na) , utsiiku'

ke e ray’

(nah ) , oots’koo

big ohit, ékt (1ta) [sh it oh'ke e , ah

'ke e (nah ) [sh e e'

bit te r ne e -ng h t'

blind mekura (no) m e h -koo'rab (noh )both ryo

-h é, dore mo re e -oh—h oh,dob 're h moh

broad h trot h e e -roy'

bulky kasabatta kah sah bah t’ tah

busy tsog ash tt e e sch -ng ah-sh e e '

ce rtain tash tka (na) tah -sh ’kah (nah )ch e ap yasuz yah soo

’e e

cle an ktre 1'

(na) ke e -ray’

(nah )cle ve r y

'

o'

zu (na) , f i lm-

(11a) joh'dzoo (nah ) , re e koh

'

cold (we ath e r) samut sahmoo’e e [ (nah )

(to th e touch , tsume tai tsoome h -ti'

h ands,fe e t ,

common (ordinary) nami no nah'me e noh

conve nie nt benm’

na be n 're e nah

cool suzushti soodzoosh e e'

damp sh tmep p ot sh e eme p-

p oy'

dang e rous kennon (11a) , abunai ke n'noh n (nah ) , ah boont

'

dark kurat koo-ri'

de af tsambo (no) tsoomboh ’

(noh )de ar (e xpe nsive ) takai tah kt'

de e p fukat f (oo)k1'

[nohdiffe re nt ch ig atta,

be tsu (no) ch e e -ng ah t'tah , be h

'tsoo

difficult muzukash tt [sh tt moodzookah sh e e'

[sh e e'

dirty kttanat,kttanara ke e tah nt

’

, ke e tah nah rah

distant emp o (na) , tot emp oh'

(nah ) , tak'e e

dull (we ath e r) kumotta,uttosh ii koomoh t

'tah , oot-toh

’sh e e

hayat h ah -

yt'

e asy yasash ii , zb‘

sa nat yah-sah -sh e e ’

, zoh'sah u i

empty kara (na) kah ’rah (nah )

e v e n (smooth ) tatra (na) [(no) ti'rah (nah ) [(noh )

false h onto‘

de nat , uso h oh ntoh’de h nt

,00

'soh

far tot , empo (na) tak’e e

,emp oh

’

(nah )fast (spe e dy) h ayai h ah -

yt'

fine (minute ) komakat kohmah kt'

(be autiful , &c. ) ktre t na, mp p a 11a ke e ray’nah , re e p

'

p ah nah

tatra (na) , h trattat tt'rah (nah ) , h e e rah t-tt

'

dat Suki di s ’ ke e

Eng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciation .

foolish bakarash tt bah -kah rah sh e e ’

fore ig n setyo no , gwatkoku say-

yoh'noh , gwi

-koh 'koo

fre e jiyu (na) [(no) je e -yoo'

(nah ) [ (noh )fre sh (e g g s , &c. ) umt-tate oo

'me e -tah ’te h

(cool) suzush tt soodzoosh e e ’

full e e p-

p i'

(nah ) [sh ee'

funny omosh trot , okash tt ohmoh sh e e roy'

, oh kah

g ene ral(customary) ip p au no, fatsa no e e p

'

p ah n noh , foo-tsoo'

g lad ure sh tt oore h -sh e e ' [noh

g ood yot, yorosh tt yoy, yoh roh sh e e’

g rand (sple ndid) rz’

p p a (na) , mtgoto re e p'

pah (nah ) , m e e

h ard (solid) katat [(na) kah -ti'

[ng oh'toh (nah )

(difficult) mudzukash tt moodzookah sh e e '

h ealth y tassha na tah s'sh ah nah

h e avy omot, omotat ohmoy'

, ohmoh tt'

h ig h takat tah -kt'

h one st shoj iki (11a) sh oh 'je e ke e (nah )h ot atsut, attakai ah tsoo

'e e , abt-tah -ki '

(as mustard ) karat kah rt '

nora-kurana, noh 'rah -koo-rah 'mah ,

namake ta nah -mah -ke h 'tah

ignorant mugaku na moo-ngah'koo nah

ignorant of foo-ah n-ui’

ill (sick) [se que nce byoki be e -ah 'ke e

important , of con daiji na dt'

je e nah

impossible dektnai de h -ke e ni '

inconve nie nt , un f u-benrt na foo-be n ’re e nah

incorre ct [suitable mach tgatta mah -ch e e -ngah t' tah

inte re sting omos/ a’

roi ohmoh -sh e e roy'

just (e quitable ) tadash tt, Icoh e t na tah dah sh e e'

, kok’bay nah

kind sh tnse tsu (na) sh e e nse h'tsoo (nah )

lame ch imba,btklco ch e em ’bah

, be e k'koh

larg e , g re at dai (in compounds) , (11, oh -ke e

late 0301 [611131 oh -soy’

lazy busho‘

(na) boosh oh’

(nah )le ft -h and) h tdari h e e dah 're e

lig h t (in we ig h t) karat kah roo'e e

(not dark) akam t ah kah roo'e e

little (small) ch ttsa (na) , ch ttsat ch e e'sah (nah ) , ch e est

'

long nag at nah -ng h t’

Engl ish . J apane se (romanize d ) ~ P ronunciation .

loose yurui yooroo'e e

loud takoi 61m: (no) tah kt'

, ah 'ke e (nah )low Mimi h (e e )koo

'e e

many o'

ku no, 67, ak’koc noh , oh 'e e

middle monnoko mah n-nah 'kah

more motto moh t’toh

much takasan tah -k’

sah n'

narrow semoi se h -mi ’

ne ar ch iko i ch e e ki ' [yoh'nah

ne ce ssary konj in no , h itsuyo kah n-je en nah , h e e tsoo

ne xt tsag i no [no tsoong'e e noh

nume rous oi oh’e e

old (of th ing s) forui fooroo'e e

(of pe rsons) tosh iyori (no) , toh sh e e -yoh’re e (noh ) ,

tosh itotto toh -sh e e -toh t'tahopposite no mukom

‘

noh mookoh'ne e

oth e r be tszZ no , koka no be ts ’

noh , h oh'kah noh

painful i toi e e ti ’

pale oo-zome to ah'oh -zahme h '

tah

polite teinoi (no) tay-nay

'

(nah )poor bimbo (no ) [kush i i be emboh

'

(nah ) [sh e e'

pre tty kiw i (no) , utsu ke e ray'

(nah ) , ootsookoo

prope r 86t5 (no) , 365 (no) soh -toh (nah ) , sah -oh (nah )pure (unadulte ra junsui no joonsoo

'e e (nah )

que e r [ted) myo (no) , kitoi (no) me e -ah’

(nah ) , ke e ti’

(nah )quick h oyo i h ah -

yi'

quie t sh izuko (no sh e e dzoo'kah (nah )

rare more (no) mah're h (nah )

raw (uncook e d) nomo (no) nah ’mah (noh )re al h onto

‘

(no) , mokoto mah koh '

(no) toh (noh )rich ko-

ne -moch i (no) kah 'ne h moh 'ch e e (noh )rig h t (prope r) honto (no) , 1513 h oh n

'toh (noh ) , ao

-h and) me e'ng h e e

ripe (of fruit) juku sh ita joo'koo sh ’

tah'

roug h orai sh ri ’

round morui mah roo'e e

rude sh itsurei (no) , sh e e tsooray'

(nab) ,sh ikke i (no) sh e e k-kay

'

(nah )do 'ijobu (no) di -joh

'boo (nah )

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation .

same onoj i oh nah’

je esh allow osoi absi '

sh ort (in le ng th ) mijikoi me e je e ki’

silly boko (no) bah 'kah (nah )simple wokori g osui , wah kah 're e -

yah soo’e e ,

teg orui te h -ngah roo'e e

sle e py nomoi ne h -moo'e e

slove nly zon-zoi no zoh n-zi nah

slow osoi oh -soy'

small ch iisoi , ch iisa (no) ch e e si'

, ch oo'sah (nsoft yoworokoi , yowo yah wah rah ki

'

yah w

solid ko toi [roko (no) kah ti'

[rah'kah (nah )

sorry (for anoth e r) kinodoko ke e noh doh ’koo

sour soop p i’

spe cial be tsudon no,

be tsoo'dah n nah ,

toknbe tsu no toh koo be h tsoo nah

square Sh ikoku (no) sh’

kah'koo (nah )

stiff kotoi kah ti’

s till (tranquil ) sh izuko (no) sh e e dzoo'kah (nah )

straig h t mossug u (no) mah s -soo'ng oo (nah )stran

o

g e ffish ig i (no) f (oo) sh e e'ng h e e (nah )

strong tsuyoi tsoo-

yoy’

[(nah )stupid boko (na) , tommo (no) bah

'kah (nah ) , tohm-mah

swe e t omoi ah mi ’

se i no tokoi say noh tah ki '

th at sono soh 'noh

th ick (consiste ncy) Icoi koy

(in dime nsion) otsui ah tsoo'e e

tig h t kotoi kanti ’

trouble some urusoi,mendo (no) ooroosi

’

, me ndok' (nah )true h onto (no) , mokoto h oh n

'toh (noh ) , mah koh

'

(no) toh (noh )unavoidable yondokoronoi [[(no) yoh ndoh koh roh ni

’

[(nah )uncomfortable kyzi kutsii , foj iyu ke e oo koots

’

, fooje e yoo'

unh appy fo-sh iowose (no) foo sh e e ahwah 'se h (nah )unkind foninjo, f ush znse tsu foone enjoh , foo

'sh e ense t

(no ) [fa kwoi soo (nah ) [foo kiomboi g o worui ,

’

ahmbi ' gah wah roo’e e ,

kyn. no ke e oo’nah [ne e tah

'tsoo

ch é’

h’

o’

(no) , ch oh h oh (nah ) , yah'koo

Eng lish . Japane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation.

to bite kui-tsiiku ,komu koo’

e e -ts’koo, kah

'mooto boil wate r (tr . ) wokasu wah kah ’

soo

to boil (intr . ) woku wah 'koo

to borrow kariru kah re e'roo

to bre ak (trons kowasu , oro koh wah’soo, oh ’

roo

to bre ak (intr .) kowore ru, ore ru koh wah re h 'roo, obre b '

to bring (an obje ct) matte kuru moh t'te h koo

'roo [roo

(a pe rson) tsure te [cum tsoore h'te h koo

’roo

to build tote rn tah te h 'roo

to buy koo kow

to call (wak en) akosu oh koh’soo

to carry kakobo h ah koh 'boo

to ch ang e (trons) koe ru, torikoe ru kah 'e h roo, toh re e kah

'

(intr . ) koworu kah wah 'roo [e h rooto ch oose e robn e h rah 'boo

to cle ar (we ath e r) og oru ah -ngah'roo

to climb noboru noh boh 'roo

to colle ct (trons) yoseru yoh se h'roo

otsume ru ah -tsoo-me h'roo

to come 1mm koo'roo

to come in,

hoiru h i'roo

to consent shoch i sum sh oh'ch e e soo ’

roo

to coug h seki g o dam se h 'ke e gah de h'roo

to count kozoe ru kah zoh ’e h -roo

to cry, we e p noku nah’koo

to cut'

kir u ke e ’roo

to dance adorn oh doh ’roo [roo

to de cide kime ru , ke tte i sum ke eme h 'roo,ke t-tay

'soo

'

to die sh inu , sh inoro sh e e'noo, sh e e noo

'roo

to dislike kirou ke e -row'

(like now)to dismis s h imo wo yoru h e e

'mah woh yah’roo [son

to do sum , nosu, i tosu soo'roo, nah'soo, e e tah '

to doubt fiish in ni omoz‘

i f’

sh e e n'ne e ohmoh

'

(oo)to dre am yume wo miru yoo

’me h woh me e 'rooto drink nomu noh 'moo [sooto dry (trons) kowokosu, h osu kah -wah -kah 'soo, h oh '

to e at tobe ro [polite ) tah be h'roo

to e ng ag e tonomii (yotozi , le ss tah noh'm(oo) [yah toh

to e xplain, make bemme i sum , toki bem toh ’ke e

cle ar okosu ah kah ’soo

E ng lish .

to fail

to faint

to finishto fish

to flyto followto forg e tto forg ive

to g ain

to gath e r (tr. )to g e t in

to g e t out

to g e t“

up (rise )to g ive

to g o

to g o awayto g o in

to g o out

to g uide

to h ang (tn )

to h ave

to h e ar

to h e lp

J apane se (romaniz e d ) .

sokonau,h ozure ru

me wo mawoso,

kize tzu suru

och iru

kanjiro , oboe'

ru

ip p oi ni suru

mi-otoru ,mi -dosu ,

mi -tsz‘

lke ru

sh imou

uwo wo tsuru

tobu

tsuite i lcu

wosure ru

g urusu

molce ru

otst‘

ime ru

h airu

de ru

okiru

iku

itte sh imou

h airu

de ru

onnoi suru

tsuru, koke ru,

tsuri-og e ru

motsu , motte i ru

kiku

sewo wo suru ,

to h ire (a se rvant) yotoiito kariru

to h it

to h old (contain)to be h ung ry

to h urt (intr .)to h urt one

’ s -se lfto inte rfe reJapane se S .

-T .

butsu,o te ru

h oiru

te tszt

[dau

harog o h e ru ,

o noka g o

i tomu

keg a wo sum

jomo suru

q i t

[mos

Pronunciat ion .

soh -koh -now’

, h ah dzoo

re h 'roo

me h woh mah wah 'soo,

ke e ze h'tzoo soo'roo

oh -ch e e'roo [roo

kah nje e’roo, oh boh 'e h

e e p-

p i'ne e soo'roo

me e -ah tah'roo

,m e e -dah

'

soo ,m e e

sh e emow '

( like cow)oo

'woh woh tsoo'roo

toh’boo

tsooe e'te h e e

'koo

wah -soore h 'roo

yooroo'soo

moh'ke h roo

abts’

me h'roo

h i'roo

de h'roo

oh ke e'roo

yah’roo

e e'koo

e e t'te h sh e emow

'

h i 'roo

de h’roo

ah n-ui' soo'roo

tsoo'roo, kah ke h

'roo,

tsoo're e -ah -ng h e h

’roo

moh'tsoo , moh t

'te h os

'

ke e 'koo [roosch 'wab woh soo'roo, te h

yah toh'

(oo) [tsoodow'

kah re e’roo

boo'tsoo, ah -te h ’roo

h i'

roo

h alirah'ng ah h e h 'roo,

oh h ab 'kah g ah soo’

ke ee e tah

'moo [mah's ’

ke h 'ngab woh soo'roo

jah'mah soo

'roo

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciat ion .

to inte rpre t tsaben wo sum: tsoo'be n woh soo'roo

to invite moneku mah ne h 'koo

to join (trans) tsug u ,owose ru tsoo

'ngoo,

“

ah wah se h'roo

to ke e p (th ing s) tomotsu,matte iru tahmoh

'tsoo, moh t'te h

to kil l Itorosu koh roh ’soo [e e

’roo

to knock totolcu tah tah 'koo

to know sh im ,sh i tta iru sh e e ’

roo, sh e e t'te h sc

'roo

to labe l fuda wo tsuke ru foo’dah woh tsooke h

'roo

to last motsu moh ’tsoo

to laug h worou wah -rah’oo

to le ad h iku, onnoi suru h (e e )koo , ah n-ni ' soo’roo

to le arn monobu , norou mah nah'boo, nah rah

'oo

to le ave off (ce ase ) yosu , yome ru yoh’soo, yahme h

'roo

to lend kosn kah 'soo

to le t (pe rmit) sose ru, g urusu sah se h'roo, yooroo

'soo

to lie down ne ru ne h’roo

to lift moch i -og e ru moh'ch e e -ah -ng h e h

’roo

to lig h t (a fire ) h i wo toku h e e woh tah ’koo [rooto lig h t (a lamp) romp u wo tss e ru rahm '

p oowoh ts(oo)ke h'

to like honomu,suki koh noh 'moo, s

’ke e '

to live (re side ) sumou soomow ’

to lock it wo orosu joh w oh oh roh'soo

to look at miru m e e'roo

to look for sag asa sah -ngah’$00 [now

to lose (tr.) noku suru , ush inou nah’koo soo'roo, oosh e e

to love oisuru i -soo'roo [koo'roo

to make kosh iroeru, tsokuru koh -sh e e rah ’e h roo, tsoo

to make a mistake oyomo tsu ah -

yah-mah 'tsoo

to manag e tori -otsiikou toh’re e -ah -ts

’

kow'

to me nd noosu, tsiikuroii nah -oh’soo, ts

’

kooroh ’

to mix (trons ) moze ru mah ze h 'roo

to move (trans) ugokosu oo-ngoh kah'soo

to move (intr . ) ng oku oo-ng oh’koo

to obje ct kosh o’

wo to koh sh oh'woh ce ao

'

to obse rve mi-uke ru, ki -g o me e -coke h'roo, ke e -ngah

tsuku ts(oo) koo'

[rooto offe r og e ru ,

susume ru ah -ng e h'roo, soosoome h

’

to omit otosu oh toh'soo

to ope n (trons) oke ru ah ke h'roo

to Ope n (intr . ) okn ah'koo

Eng lish .

to orde r (at sh Op )

J apane se (romanize d ) .

atsuroe ru

to orde r (command ) ii -tst‘

ike ru

to packto p ayto pe rmitto pe rspireto pickto pick upto playto pourto pre pare

to pre ve nt

to promiseto pullto pushto p ut

to p ut off

to p ut on (don)to rain

to raiseto re ad

to re ce iveto re comme nd

to re fuseto remain

to remembe rto re pay

to re stto re turn (trans)to re turn (intr .)to ride

to ring (intr . )to ring (trans)to roastto rub

to run

to save

ni zukuri wo suru

h arou

shoch i suru

ose ni noru

tsumu

h iroii

osobo

tsug u

kosh iroe ru, sh itoku

n'o sum

jomo wo suru,

somotog e ru

yoktisoku suru

h iku

osu

oku,sue ru

nobosu

kiru

ome g o furuog e ru

yomu

uke -toru

susumeruIsotoworu

nokoro , omoru

obooru

kae su , henkyoku

sum

yosumu

koesu

koe ru

noru

norosu

noru

yoku

kosuru

toszikeru

Pronunciation.

ah tsoorah ’e h roo

ao

ne e dzookoo're e woh soo

’

h ah row'

[roosh oh 'ch e e soo'rooah 'se h ne e nah '

roo

tsoo'moo

h e e roh'

(oo)ah soh

'boo

tsoo'ngoo

kosh e e rah ’e h roo, sh

’ tab '

koo woh soo'roo

jah'mah woh soo’

roo,

sah mah tah -ng e h'roo

yah soo'rooh (e e )koooh 'soo

oh ’koo, soo-e h’roo

noh bah’soo

ke e’roo

ah me h gah foo'roo

ah -ng h e h'roo

yoh'moo

oo’ke h -toh

'roo

soosoome h’roo

koh toh wah’roo

noh koh'roo, ahmah 'roo

oh boh ' e h roo

kah 'e h -soo, h e n-ke e -ah

'

koo soo'roo

yah soo’moo

kah 'e h -soo

kah 'e h -roo

nohfroo

nah rah 'soo

nah ’roo

yah'koo

koh -soo'rookah ke h

'roo

tah -s’

ke h'roo

Eng lish .

to sayto se e

to s e em, appe arto se ndto se w

to sh areto sh aveto sh ineto sh ow

to sh ut (trons )

Pronunciation.

konosu, iu h ah nah 'soo, e e'oo

miru me e'roo

mi e ru me e -e h 'roo

g oru, tsukowosu

nuu [suru noo [roowoke rn, bump oi wah ke h '

roo boomp i'soo

'

h ig e wo suru (soru) h e e’ng h e h woh soo'roo

te ru te h'roo

mise ru m e e se h'roo

sh ime ru sh e eme h 'roo

to s ing (of pe rsons) utou ; ootow’

(nah'koo)

to sit (as Europ e an) kosh i wo koke ru koh'sh e e woh kah ke h '

roo

to sit (as Japane se ) suworu soowah'roo

to slee p ne ru ne h 'roo

to smoke toboko wo nomu tah bah'koh woh noh

'mooto sne e ze ktish omi wo suru k

’

sh ah ’me e woh soo'rooto sow moku mah ’koo

to spend tsuiyosu , tsz‘

ikou tsoo-e e -yah’soo, ts

’

kow ’

to spoilto stand (intr.)to start (se t out)to s te alto stop (trans)to ste p (intr . )to swe e pto swimto taketo take careto talkto te ar (trans)to te llto te ll (re late )to th ankto th inkto th rowto tie

to touchto trave l

soh n-je e’roo

totsu tah ’tsoo

sh uttotsu suru , sh oot-tah 'tsoo soo'roo,nusumu [tatsu noosoo

'moo [tah’tsoo

tome ru tohme h 'roo

tomoru tohmah 'roo

h ah'koo

oh -

yoh'ngoo

torn toh’roo

ki u'o tszike ru ke e woh ts (oo)ke h'roo

h onosu h ah nah'soo

soku, yobuku sah’koo, yah boo

'koo

h onosu, iu h ah nah’soo, e e

'oo

kotoru kah tah'roo

're i u~o iu ray woh e e

'oc

omozi , zanjira zoh n-je e'roo

nog e ru, hora nah -ng h e h’roo, h oh

’roo

sh e e bah'roo

sawaru, furoru sah wah 'roo, foo-re h’roo

ryoko suru , tobi re e -oh koh ' soo'roo , tah '

suru be e woh soo’roo

yotte miru, tome su yah t’te h me e

'roo, tah

me h’soo

Eng lish . Japane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciation.

to turn (trons) mawasu mah wah'soo

to t urn (intr . ) mawaru mah wah 'roo

to unde rstand makaru wah kah'roo

to use moch iiru,tsakan. moh -ch e e

'roo, tsookow

’

to wait motsu mah'tsoo

to walk oruku ah roo’koo [moo

to want iru,h osh it, nozomu e e

'roo, h ob-sh e e , noh zoh

"

to warn imosh ime ru,koto e emah -sh e eme h 'roo,

woru koh -toh -wah'roo

to waste (trons) tsuiyasu , mudo ni tsoo-se -yah’soo, moo

'dah

tsiikou ne e ts(oo)kow'

to watch , to ke e p ban wo suru balm woh soo'roowatch

to we ar (trons) ki ru ke e’roo

to we ar (intr. ) motsu moh’tsoo

to we ig h ( trons) hakaru h ah kah'roo

to wip e nugu fuku noo-ng oo' f(oo)koo

'

to wish nozomu , h osh ii (adj ) noh -zoh’moo

,h oh -sh e e '

to work h otaruko h ah tah rah 'koo

to wrap up tsutsumu tsoo-tsoo'moo

to yawn okubi suru ah koo'be e soo’

roo

33. Adve rbs, Particl e s, conjunctions, Pronouns,* &c.

(Fukush i , Te niwolzo»

, S e tsuzokus/zi , Daime ish i . )about (ne arly) oyoso, kuroi (guroi) , oh yoh

’soh ,

above no ue [h odo noh oo'ch [h oh

’doh

according to ni yotte ne e yoh t'te h

across yo/co ui yoh’koh ne e

afte r no noch i ni noh noh 'ch e e ne e

afte rwards noch i ui noh'ch e e ne e

ag ain moto mah ' tah

ago mae ni mah ’e h ne e

almost h otondo h oh toh n'doh [ne e

alre ady moh og o , sude ni moh -h ah'

yah , soo'de h

also mo, yoh ori , yopp ori moh , yah-h ah 're e , yah p

always i tsude mo e e tsoode h'moh [pah

’re s

among no uch i ni noh oo'ch e e ne e

anybody dare domo dah’re h de h moh

For th e grammar of th e se Parts of Sp e e ch se e Marlboroug h '

s J ap ane se

Grammar S e lf-Taug h t .

Eng lish .

anywh e rearound

at

at lastbe causebe forebe h indbe lowbe ne athbe side sbe twe enbyce rtainly (with outdoubt)

dailydowndownstairse arlye spe ciallye ve n

e ve rywh e ree xce ptfar

fromh e re

h ow

Japane se (romanize d ) .

non do mo

non doki do mo,i tsu do mo

doko domo

no mowari ni

ni , do

ydyoku , tsui ni

koro

soki , no moo ni

no uro ni, no

sh imno sh ita ni

no h oled ni

no oido ni

ni,do, no sobo ni

ch ig oi noi ,ron

moinich i

sh i to ( yo)sh i to ni

h oyoi

be tso ni , koto ni

suro,soo, domo

doko domo, hobo

no h oko ni

to'

i, omp o ( no )

yori, koro

koko, kocki ( rajikog o ? do

”

do

sh i te

itsu mode

ikutsu .

3

iku tobi ? iku do

sassako,sugu ni

ni

ni,no noko ni

ni , no noko yo

chddo

mo siikosh i do

tsag i ni

[ush iro ni

mocki

Pronunciat ion .

nah n de h moh

nahm doh 'ke e de h moh ,e e

'tsoo deh moh

doh'koh de h moh

noh mah wah 're e ne e

ne e , de h

yoh'

yah koo, tsoo'e e ne e

kab ’rah

sah'ke e , noh mah ’

e h ne e

noh co'rah ne e , noh

sh ’ tab ’sh e e

'roh ne e

noh sh’

noh h oh ’kah ne e

noh i’dah ne e

ne e , de h , noh soh bah ne e

ch e e -ng h i'ni , moh ch e e

'~

roh n

mi -ne e 'ch e esh ’ tab (ye h )sh ’ tab ne e

h ah -

yi’

be h'tsoone e , koh

'toh ne e

soo'rah ,sah 'e h , de h moh

doh'koh de h moh , h oh

'

noh h oh'kah ne e [boh

toh 'oe , emp oh (nah )yoh

’re e , kah

'rah

koh’koh , koh

'ch e e (rah )

e ekah’ngah ? doh doh

sh’

te h

e e'tsoo mah 'de h

e e koo’tsoo [doh

e e’koo tah 'be e e e

'koo

sah s-soh 'koo, soo'ng oo

ne e [ne ene e , noh nah ’kah ne e

ne e,noh nah

'kah ye h

ch o/z'doh

moh s’

koh'sh e e de h

tsoo'ng h e e ne e

CONVERS ATIONAL PHRA S ES AND

S ENTENCES .

N OTE .—(r) T h e Jap an e se e qu iv al e nt s are not in al l cas e s lit e ral .trans lat ions , but are th os e w h ich th e sam e s e t of circumstance s w ou ld d raw from Jap an e s e sp e ake rs .

( 2 ) In social in t e rcours e w ith th e Jap an e s e it sh ou ld b e

born e in m ind th at t h e y are p e rh ap s t h e m os t s e ns it iv e

nat ion in t h e w orld ; e . g . , a m e re h int of d is p l e asure w il lb e take n d e e p ly to h e art and re m e m b e re d—se ldom , h ow

e v e r, w ith any fe e l ing of malic e .

Use ful Ne ce ssary Idiomatic Exp re ssions Ph rase s.

/Hitsu yo no g eng o, hog en,to. )

Eng lish . Japan e se (ro Pronunciat ion.

Good morning ! 0 h oyo’

oh h ah -

yoh'!

Good day ; or, How Konnich i wo ! koh nne e'ch e e wah !

do you do

Good e ve ning ! Kombon wo .

’ kohm 'bah n wah !

(me e ting )Good nig h t ! ( to O yosumi nosai ! oh yah soo

'me e nah si ' l

one g oing to be d )Excuse me ; or

, I Go men nasai goh me n nah si '

be g your pardonOh , don

’ t me ntion D5 i tosh imosh ite .

’ doh e e tah sh e emah ’sh

’te h !

Th ank you [it ! A 1 igo to abre o-ng ah'toh

No,th ank you Arig oto, Yosh imosk6 ah re e

-ngah’toh , yoh

-sh e emah -sh oh ’

Th ank . you v e ry Oki ni o sewo soma ah'ke e ne e oh sch ’wab

muc h for your ni nor imosh ito sab ’mah ne e nah re e

as sistance mah ’sh

’

tah

Th anks for your Go kttr5 somo g oh kooroh’sah

'mah

troubl eI apolog ise for O jomo i tosh imo oh jah

’mah e e tah sh e e

inte rrupting you sh ito [son mah'sh

’

tah [mah'se n

It doe s not matte r C'

h ittomo kamaima ch e e t’toh moh kahmi

I can scarce ly ask Mds/ci-lcono mast‘

i moh’sh e e -kah ’

ne h

(asking a favour) g o mah 's

’

ng ah

For th e rule s of Japane se Grammar , includ ing Syntax, se e Marlboroug h ’

s

J ap an e se Grammar S e lf -Taug h t .

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciat ion .

Pl e ase do, I be g D e lta -o neg oimoslu; dak'kah oh n e h -ng h i

'

mos-ii moh’sh e emah s

’

You are quite (in ; Y'

o‘

koso oide '

no sai yo/i koh’soh oy

'de h nah

de e d) w e lcome mosh i to si'mah 'sh

’

tah [s’

Just as you ple ase Go kottosh idoi desu g oh kah t'te h sh e e di

'd e h '

You are quite rig h t Go mottomo do g o g oh moh t toh 'moh de h

zoimosu g oh zi mah ’8

’

Do as you ple ase Go ko tto ni nasat’

goh kah t'te h ne e nah si '

Take as much as 0 im’

yo‘

do/ce o tOT‘

l oh e e -re e -yoh’dah

'ke h oh

you ple ase nasai toh’re e nah si '

It is lucky Yoi amboi ni yoyAs you Go zonji no tori g oh zoh n

'

je e noh toh’re e

I t must be done Sh inokuoh o noi'

on sh e e nah 'k’

ch ah nah'rah n

koto de szi kol1"toh d e li ' s ’

Wh at are you do Noni wo suru ? nah'ne e woh soo’

roo

ing .9 (to infe rior) [mah

’ s ’ ‘

2

(to e qual or sup . ) Noni wo nosoimosu nah 'ne e woh nah si

P le ase come back lll oto o h oyoku o mah'tah oh h ah yah

'koosoon koe ri nosozmoslu oh kah e l1 're e nah si

[noso i mah'sh e e [nah si

'

Come h e re'

oe h ira ye oido koh -ch e e'rah ye h oy

'de h

I h ave come on Yo g o o tto mairi yoh g ah ah t'te h m i -re e

busine ss [come ? mash ita mah'sh

’

tah [kah ?Wh e n will you I ts-17, oidonosoru ko ? e e

'ts

’

oy' de h nah sah

'roo

Will you come Oide nosoimosd Ito ? oy’de h nah si -mah

's

’

kah‘

?

Wh e re are you Doc/Lira g o o ido do doh ch e e'rah ye h oh e e

'

g oing g ozoimosii ? de h de h g oh

Go and look I tto g oron nasai e e t'te h g oh

’rahn nah si '

Wh at is th e matte r? Nonda ? (fam . ) Do nah n’dah

‘

? do’

h sh e ear

,Wh at is it ? sh imosh ita mah 'sh

’

tah [yah’koo

As soon as p oss Nora-take h ag olcu nah'roo-tah

'ke h h ah

Oh no ! th at is not Sojo g ozaimosen soh jah g oh-zi -mah 'se n

If possible [so Nord koto noro nah roh’koh ’

tolr nah’rah

I dou’ t quite unde r

'

Hokkiri to wakari bah k-ke e 're e toh wah

stand mason kah re emah 'se‘

n

I h ave n’ t th e sligh t Mattaka zonjimosen mah t-tali

'koo zoh nje ee st ide a [me an [dosu i mah '

se n [ke h de b' s"2

Wh at doe s th is Kore wo do to wake koh re h wah doh e e oowahI don

’ t know Z onjimason [n’de siZ zoh nje emah

'se n

I h ave ne ve r s e e n it Mito koto go noi me e’tah koh

'toh g ah ni

E ng lish . J apan e se (romanize d ) . Pronunciat ion .

I 'h avcn’

t se e n you S h iborako 0 mo ni sh e e bah rah ’koo oh me hfor a long tim e h oh orimosen ne e kah -kah re emah '

se n

Wh at do you say Noni woosshaimoszi nah ne e woh oh s-sh imah 's’

Wh o said so Doro g o so i tmo dah 're h g ah soh oen1ah'

[about it sh i to ? sh’

tah‘

2 [sh oh'

I will spe ak to h im Donj ite mimoshb’

dah nje e’te h me emah

He won ’ t h e ar of it Noho-noko shoe h i h ab 'kah -nah 'kah sh oh '

[on sh imose n ch e e sh e emah 'se nHe cannot be re lie d A te ni norimason ah te h ne e nah re emah 'se nHe is h one st and Ana h i to wo

, sho ah 'noh sh

’

toh ’wah ,

h ard-working j ih i do, yoku h o sh oh ’

je e ke e de h , yoh'koo

torakimasu h ah -tah rah ke emah ’s

’

You must not do So sh ich o i/ce mosen soh . sh ’ch ah ' e e ke hmah '

th at [mason se n [e e ke hmah 'se n

Don’ t te ll anyone Hi to ni i tt

’

ch g o iko sh’

toh ne e e ct-t’

ch (e e )ahI will do my be st Norutoko h one -otto nah rootah

'ke h h oh 'ne h

yorimoshd oh t’ te h yah re emah -sh oh '

I can do with out it Nakutomo ii n ’

de sii nah koo’te h moh e e n

’

[ (familiar) de b 's ’ [sh e eItwill doafte rwards A to demo yorosh iz ah

'toh de h

’moh yoh rohIt will do at your Go tsugo

‘

no toki do g oh tsoo-ng oh’noh toh ’

le isure g orosh in g ozoimosii ke e de h yoh roh sh e e'

oo

g oh -zi-mah ’ s ’

Be care ful Ki wo tsukoro ke e woh tsooke h 'roh l

I will bring it for Motto ki te og emosho moh t'te h ke e

'te h ah

you ng e h-mah - sh oh '

Do you want th is Kore wo o iriyo‘

don‘

t“

koh 're h wah oh e e 're e -yoh

'

ho ? [raitat de b ’ s ’ kah [moh ri -tiI want an answe r Honji no sh i te mo h e n

’

je e woh sh e e'te h

Wait a mome nt Suhosh i mote sookoh 'sh e e mah ’te h

Suhoski omach i sookoh'sh e e oh -mah '

[answe r ? nasai (polite ) ch e e nah -si'

[ng ah ?Wh at is your 0 h onji wo ikoga oh h e n

’

je e wah e e kah'

Do you l ike th is‘

2 Kore we 0 suhi desu koh 're h woh oh soo'ke sI like it ve ry much Doi Suki desii [ko di s ’ke e doh ’ s ’

How do you like it ? Ihag o de sii e e kah’ngah de h

’

s’

Kindly le tme know Dozo sugu ni kiko doh zoh soo'ng oo n e e ke e

at once sh i te kudosoi kah ’sh

’te h koodah si '

You are ve ry fortu 0 sh iowose dog ozoi oh sh e e -ah wah 'se h de h

nate masii g oh-zi-mah ' s ’

Eng lish . J apan e se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciat ion.

You ne e d not be Go sh imp ai ni wo g oh sh e emp i’ne e wah

anxious oyobimasenu oh -

yoh be emah se h 'n’

It is too difficult Amori mutsukosh ii ahmah 're e mootsookah '

n’

de sii sh e e n ’

de h 's’

[tahIt is we ll done Yoku deki mash i ta yoh

'koo de h -ke e mah ’sh

’

Wh at is your ad Gogo sh owo doch iro g oh joo sh oh wah doh

dre ss de sii ch e e’rah de h

's

”?

My addre ss Wo toh t‘

ish ino tokoro wah tah'k

’

sh e e noh toh

g oki wo do koh ’roh ~ngah

’ke e wah

g ozoimosii de h g oh-zi-mah ’ s

Th is is my addre ss Wo tokiish i no josh a wah tah'k

’

sh e e noh joo’

wo koko de sii sh oh wall koh ’koh de b’s"

Give me h is ad Ano h i to no tokoro ah 'noh sh

’

toh noh toh

dre ss g ah i no kudoso i koh'roh -ng ah

'ke e woh

koodah si ' [mah's ’

He live s in Hiogo Hiog o ni orimoso h e e oh'ng oh ne e obre e

He re side s at Tokyo Tokyo ni sundo toh -k(e e )yoh ne e soon'

[suppose so) orimasn de h oh re emah ’s

’

So it se ems . (Ye s, l So do so de su soh dah soh de h’s

’

Do you spe ak Anota Ig irisu ko ah nah 'tah cc-ng h e e-re e

’

Eng lish tobo wo g o zonji soo koh toh ’bah woh g oh

de sii ha ? zoh n '

je e de h's

’ kah ?

I am Eng lish Wotokiish i wo wah tah ’ k’

sh e e wah e e

Ig irisu dosu ng be e-re e

'soo de h

's

’

I don’ t unde rs tand Wakom

’

mose n wah kah re emah'se n

I can spe ak a little Wotakiish iNiko n-g o wah tah'k

’

sh e e ne e'h oh n

Japane se wo suh oski ng oh wah sookoh'sh e e

dekimost‘

t de h ke emah 's

’

I h ad not time Himo go nahatta n’

h e e'mah g ah nah kah t'

de sii tah n’

de h 's’

[mah'se n

I re ally cannot wait Match o ororemosen mah t'ch ah oh rah re h

As you se e Goran no tori g oh'rah n noh toh ’

re e

Wh e re we re you Doko do miraremo doh'koh de h me e rah re h

se e n sh i ta h o mah ’sh

’tah kah

Is it conve nie nt to Mionich i tsogo wo me e oh'ne e ch e e tsoo-ng oh

’

morrow ‘

? yorosh ii n’

de su ha ? wah yoh roh sh oe'n

’

de b 's ’

kah‘

?

I will re turn it to Mionie h i o hoye sh i m e e oh'ne e ch e e oh kah

morrow mosh imosii ye h’sh e e moh sh e emah 's’

Just as you like Go kottosh idai de sii g oh kah t’te h sh e e di

’de h 's’

E ng lish . 5 J apane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciation .

Ple ase l e t me know Sug u ni kikosh ito soo'ng oo ne e ke e kah '

imme diat e ly kudosoi sh'te h koodah si

'

He h as alre ady l e ft Mo0 koye ri ni nori moh oh kah -

ye h're e ne e

[not know mash ita nah re emah ’sh

’tah

He probably doe s Sh iranai n’dosh o sh e e rah ni

'n

’

d e h'sh oh

Th is ar ticl e we ars Konosh inawomoch i koh 'noh sh e e

'nah wah

we ll g o yorosh ii n’

dosu”

moh’ch e e -ng ah yoh

roh sh oe’n

’

de h’s

’

Are th e re any book Ozoka ni honyo g o oh zah 'kah ne e h oh n '

yah

sh ops in Osaka gozaimoso ko g ah g oh-zi -mah

’ s ’

kah‘

?

Tobe sure th e re are ! Arimosii to mo ah re emah 's’toh moh

I e nquire d, but Todzunemosh i to ko tahdzoone hmah 'sh’

tah

th e re was none rodomo, g ozoimo ke h -re h doh 'moh , g oh-zi

semi dosh‘

t to mah -se h 'n

’

de h'sh

’

tah

I se e you for th e Hojimoto o vme ni h ah je em e h'te h oh me h

first time h okaiimosu’

. ne e kah kah re emah 's

’

Wh e re are you Doch iro g o o ide de doh -ch e e'rah ye h oh e e

’

g oing g ozoimosii .

2 de h de h g oh-zi

Come h e re ; I h av e Yo g o oru h ora, yoh g ah ah'roo kah

’rah ,

som e th ing for hoch i o ide (fam . ) koh 'ch e e oh e e

’de h

you to do

May I ask wh o you Donoto do i rossh oi doh nah’tah de h e e rah sv

are , sir ? mosu'

h o ? sh i -mah' s ’

kah ?

Wh e n do you re I tso Yorop p o g o o e e'tsoo yoh

’roh p

-

p ah ye h

turn to Europe ? h oe ri ni norimosu oh kah e h're e ne e nah

ko ? re e -mah 's ’

kah

Is anyth ing th e Do h o nosoimosh i to doh kah nah si -inah 'sh

’tah

matte rwith you ? ha [sh i to kah [sh’ tab

Wh o said so ? Doro g o so iimo dah’re h g al i soh oemah

'

Be ple ase d to wait 0 moe h i nasai oh mah 'ch e e nah -si

’

Go and wait at th e Gokhoye i ttoomach i gah k-koh'

ye h e e t'te h oh

sch ool , ple ase nasai mah 'ch e e nah si ' [sh i

’

You come as we ll Anoto mo irrossh oi ah nah’tah moh e e r-rah s

I am told h e re Soh uiitsu h og e rimo sah kooje e’tsoo kah -

ye h

turne d ye ste rday sh i to so dosii re emah 'sh’

tah soh de h’s

’

You must be care Yojin sh inai to ih e yoh'

je e n sh e e ni'toh e e

ful mason -so ke hmah ’se n-zoh

I did not bre ak it ; Kowosh ito no no koh wah’sh

’

tah noh wah

i . e . , it was not I wotoh iis ’ti do wah -tah 'k

’

sh e e de h

wh o broke i t g ozoimosenii g oh-zi -mah se h

'n

’

Eng lish . Pronunciation .

That is th e import Sol-co g o h onjin dosu soh'koh g ah kah n

'

je e nWh y [ant point Naze dosu? (fam .) nah

'ze h de b

's ’

[den’ s '

In th at case it is all S ennara yorosh iu soh n-nah 'rah yoh roh

rig h t g ozoimosii sh e e'oo g oh

-zi -mah ' s ’

It is e xtreme ly in Goku g oku tsugo g o g oh’koo g oh

’koo tsooconve nie nt [it warm ng oh

’

g ah wah roo'e e

Th e re is no h e lp for Sh i -kata-

g o noi sh’-kah

'tah -ngah ni

Unde r wh at cir Do in sh idai do doh e e'oo sh e e di

' de h ?

cumstance s

Wh at is th e re ason ? Do iu woke dos/12 .

9 doh e e'oo wah

'ke h de h

's

’

?

Wh at is th e matte r? Do sh ito no desii ? doh sh ’ tab noh de b’ s ’

?

Th e re isnomistake Sore ui soi not n’

soh're h ne e soh

’e e ui n

’

about it ! de sfi de h’s

’

You we re ce rtainly Omoyo u'a worui no ohmah '

ye h wah wah roo'

to blame ni ch ig oi no i cc noh ne e ch e e -ng h i nt

\Vh at is your Anoto wo do in o ah nah'tah wah doh e e

’oo

opinion kong oo de sii oh kah n-ngah’e h de b

's ’

?

P le ase make a note Doko a koki -tome de h’kah oh kah -ke e -toh '

of it we neg aimasu m e h woh ne h -ng h imah s’

I say ! Mosh i , Son ! moh'sh e e ! sahn !

Look ! Goran nasai .

’

g oh'rah n nah si !

It is inde e d g rand Mahoto ui o m’

p p d mah koh'toh ne e oh re e p

’

do g ozoimosii p ah de h g oh-zi -mah '

s’

With out ce remony Go yenrio noku g oh ye nre e'oh nah

'koo

Speak loude r, Motto o-g oe do moh t ’toh oh -ng oh

'e h de h

ple ase ossh otte kudasoi oh s-sh ah t'te h koodah

mosh i [noi ho ? si -mah'sh e e [ni kah

Is it not beautiful ? Hip p o no mono ja re e p'

p ah nah moh’noh jah

Exp re ssions of Emotion.

*

(Konto sh i . )

Inde e d ! (Isth at so?) So dost‘

i ha ? soh de h's

’

kah ?

How can you say S e nna Itoto no os soh n'nah koh '

toh woh

such a th ing sh otte oh s-sh ah t'te h

It is a pity Osh ii koto ni u’

o oh -sh e e'koh

'toh

I am sorry for you 0 Itinodolm somo oh ke e noh doh'koo sah

'

I se e Naruh odo nah rooh oh'doh [mall

Excuse me fe r h av Kor e no ,0 jomo wo koh

’re h wah , oh jah

'mah

ing inconve nien i tosh imosh i to woh e e tah sh e emah'

ce d you‘r sh

’

tab

S e e Note 2. pag e 72.f On concluding a visit .

‘

Eng lish . Japane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation .

Wh at (p rote st) Noni ! nah 'ne e ! [ne h !Wh at a pity ! Osh ii koto desd , no oh -sh e e ' koh 'toh de b

' s ’

,

I fe e l ash ame d Membohu g o g ozoi m emboh ’koo g ah g oh-zi

mosen mah'sen [de h

' s ’

I t is a nuisance Komotto koto de siZ kohmah t'tah koh ’toh

It was jolly ! Toih on ni omosh iro ti 'h e n ne e ohmoh sh e e roh'

g ozoimash i ta goh-zi -mah ’

sh’

tah

I am ve ry g lad of it Mahoto ni g oroko mah koh ’toh ne e yoh roh

bosh iti g ozoimosii koh bah sh e e -oo'

g oh-zi

[masn mah 's ’

[be emah's

’

I am de lig h te d Hijo ni yorohobi h e e joh'ne e yoh roh koh

I am g lad Sore wo ure sh iu soh re h wah oore h -sh e e oo’

g ozaimosu’

g oh zimah's

’

[mah' s ’

I cong ratulate you O me doto zonj imosn oh me h -d e h toh ’zoh nje e

Don’ t talk non Boko iu-no .

’ bah 'kah e e'oo-nah !

se nse ! [noise !Don

’ t make such a Yolcomash ii yah kahmah sh oo’

Don’ t both e r Urusoi ooroosi

’

[dahIt ismostannoying ! Komotto mono do ! kohmah t'tah moh 'noh

I don’ t care ! Komoi yo sh inai ! kahmi ' yah sh e e ni

’!

Th is won ’ t do! Kore do no ikonoi .

’ koh 're h de h wah e

I sh ouldne ve r th ink Sonno kotowo, i i ya soh n’nah koh 'toh wah ,

of saying such a i tash imoson ! oe yah e e tah sh e emah '

th ing ! se n !

—of doing such a Sonno koto wo sh i soh n'nah koh '

toh wah

th ing yo shimasen sh e e yah sh e emah 'sen !

It is none of your Omae no komotta ohmah 'e h noh kahmah t'

busine ss koto jo noi tah koh ’toh jah ui

You h ad be tte rh old Damotte iru ho ga dahmah t'te h e e

'roo h oh

your tong ue i i ! g ah e o !

Do as I orde r you ! Wataki ish i no iu wah tah’k’

sh e e noh e e'oo

tori ni i tose toh’re e ne e e e tah

'se h

You h ave my strict Kotoku ii -tsukoto kah tah 'koo oo-tsooke h'tah

orde rs zo zoh

Wh y don’t you g o l ke ttoro thand i h o ? e e ke t-tah

'rah e e kah ni

'

wh e n I te ll you ? (familiar) kah-Ge t away, orBe off ! A ch i ike ah

’ch e e e e

'k e h !Ge t out of th e way Woki o yore wah

'ke e e h yoh're h !

and le tm e passInsolent fe llow ! A tsukomoshn l ' | ah ts

’

kahmah sh e e '

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation.

“Wh at salary sh ou ld H ito-tsz‘

iki no sh iroi sh’

toh ' -ts’

ke e'noh sh e e '

I p ay p e rmonth ? wo , dono h urai ray'wah , doh

'noh koori

yottoro g okoro .

9yah t

-tah'fah yoh kah roh

'

Oh ! I sh ould Mo doj t‘

tbun do mah ! jooboon'de h

would be sufficie nt g ozaimosho.

g oh-zi-mabsh ah '

Wh at ag e are you ? 0 tosh i wo o ikutsu oh toh ’sh e e wah oh e e

ni o nori nasoru? koo’tsoo ne e oh nah

’re e

nah sah’roo

.Wh ich is th e sh ort iku ni wo, doro e e'koo ne e

.wah ,

e st way go ch iko-mie h i dob're h g ah ch e e

’kah

de sti ha ? m e e'ch e e de b

's ’

kah

Is th is th e way wo horo do yoi wah koh 're h de h

no de sii Ito ?yoy noh de b

' s ’

kah

How far is it dono h urai doh’noh koori ' ah

arimosii Ito ? re emah ’s

’

kah ?

How far 18 i t from Koho h ora dono koh 'koh kah 'rah doh'noh

h e re kuroi h onoroto koori ’ h ah nah re h ’te h

imasii e emah 's

Wh e re is th e polic e Koisotsu -sho wa do kaysa’

a'tsoc-sh oh

‘

wah

station ? ch iro de g ozoimosii ? doh -ch e e'rah de h g oh

zi -mah ’ s ’

Doe s Mr . live in Kono mach t koli 'noh mah 'ch e e

th is stre e t to mosu h ito g o toh moh'soo sh

'toh g ah

g ozoimosu ha 3 g oh Z t mah ' s ’

kah ?

Can you dire ct m e Ano h i to no uch i wo ah ’noh sh

’

toh noh oo'ch e eto h is h ouse osh ie te hudosoi woh oh sh e e e h

'te h koo

mosen ha .

2 dabsi mah 'se n kah

Wh e re doe s h e live ? Doko ni sunde ori doh 'koh ne e soon’d e h oh

mosii ko . re emah 's’

kah

Can I se e Mr. Son h i 0 me ni sah n ne e oh me h ne e

kakarito gozai kah kah re e toh'

g oh -zi

mast‘

i .

2 mah ’ s ’

[roh g ahOn making e nqui Kii te mito toko

‘

ro koo'te h me e

'tah toh koh

’

Wh e ndoyou re turn [ te n 0 huni go o e e'tsoo oh koo'nce ye h oh

to your country ? koori nosoimosti kah -e h're e nah simah 's

’

Ito [ho .

3 kah [mah'se n kah

Isn’ t it finish e d ye t? Mada de hite imasen mah 'dah de h -ke e'te h -

e e

Is it conve nient to Konnich i tsugo wo koh n-ne e’ch e e tsoo-ng oh

’

yorosh iti g ozoi-

l wah yoh roh sh e e -oo'

mosn ha ?I goh -ai -mah

’ s ’

kah ?

Trav e lling : By Railway. ( Ryo-ko Kish ode .

(For Vocabulary se e p ag e

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation .

Orde r a carriag e to Sute ish onye ik ukara sootay'sh oh n ye h os

'kootake me to th e bosho wo tononde kah '

re h bah 'sh ah woh'

station o-kure tah noh n'de h oh -koo're h

To th e station , S uteishon ye h oyoku sootay’sh oh n ye h h ah

quick yah'koo [koo

Hurry up ! Hoyoku h oyahu h ah -yah

'koo l h ah -

yah'

Sh all I be in time ? Mada mo ni aimo mah 'dah mah ne e i-mah

sho ko ? sh oh ' kah ?Le t us g o Ikojo noi e e koh ' jah ni kah

I th ink I sh all go Iko ko to omoimasu e e koh ’ kah toh oh -moh '

[th e morning e e -mah's ’

Th e first train in Ich i-bon ki sha e e'ch e s-bah n ke e 'sh ah

I sh all se t off to Mionie h i sh uttotsu me e oh’ne e ch e e sh oot

morrow sh imasu tah'tsoo sh e emah 's’

Th e re is ple nty o Mada yoh odo oido mah 'dah yoh -h oh'doh i

’

time g o arimasit dah g ah ah re emah's

’

Is th e lug g ag e Nimotsii no sh itako ne emoh'ts

’

noh sh e e tah’

re ady wo ii ko koo wah oe kah

P le ase h e lp me Kono nimots ii wo koh 'noh ne emoh 'ts

’

woh

with my lug gag e ch otto totsu -dotto ch oh t'toh te tsoodah t

'

kudasai te h koodah si’

Wh ich is your Dore g o onoto no doh re h g ah ah nah tah noh

lug gag e nimotsii deso ko ne emoh 'ts

’

de b ’s

’

kah‘

?

Will you take Nimotst‘

i wo o odzu ne emoh ' ts’

woh oh ah

ch arg e of my kori kudosoru dzookah're e koodah

lug gag e ? Ira ? [soi .

’sah

'roo kah

'

? [dabsi'!

Take care ! Ki wo tszi lcoto kudo ke e woh ts’ke h 'te h koo

Are you sure you Wasu re -mono wo wah soo're h -moh 'noh wah

h ave forg otte n noi ho ? ni' kah ?

noth ing ? [ticke t [kimasho [ke emah sh oh'

I will go and g e t a Kipp u wo hatte ke e p’

p oo woh kah t'te h

Wh e re is th e book Kip p a no uridokoro ke e p ’

p oo noh oore e doh

ing-ofii ce ? wo doko ni ori koh '

re h wah doh'koh

most‘

i Ito ? ne e ah re emah’s

’

kah ?

Give me a first Doko Tokyo mode doh'kah toh -ke e -oh mah

’

class re turn to no joto ofuku de h noli joh -toh oh’

Tokio g ip p u wo i e h i i’ koo-

g h e e p'

p oo woh

moi kudasoi e e’ch e s-mi koodah si '

Japane se 8 T. G

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation .

I want re turn Ufnh u g ipp o no oh 'f’

koo g h e e p'

p oo woh

ticke ts kudosai koodah si’

1st class ; 2md ; 3rd J oto chuto hoto joh toh ; choo-toh ; kah toh'

Wh e re are you g o Doch ira ye irosshai doh -ch e e'rah ye h e e rah s

ing , sir mosa sh i -mah's ’

I am g oing th roug h moirimosii mi -re emah 's

’

All rig h t, come So ! 0 tomo i tash i sah ! oh toh 'moh e stabalong mosho sh e emah sh oh

'

Wh at is th e fare Ch inson wo ikuro ch e e n'se n wah e e koo

'rah ?

How much is th e Yo-bun no ch in-son yoh-boon noh ch e e n -se n

e xce ss (on wa i lcuro dosiZ h o? wah e e koo'rah de h

's

’

lug gag e ) kah ?

Wh e n is th e ne xt made , tsug i no mah'de h

,tsoo

'ng h e e

train h ish o wo nan-ji noh ke e'sh ah wah nah n

ni demoso ho ? je e ne e de hmah 's

’

kah ?

Is th is th e train no koh ’re h wah yoo

’ke e

kish o de sii Ito? noh ke e’sh ah de h

's

’

kah ?

Wh at time is th e re ye yuhu h ish o u'

o yoo’koo ke e

'sh ah

a train non g’

i ni demosit wah nah n-je e ne e de hko .

3 mah’ s ’

kah ?

Wh e nwill th e train Ross-ho wo i tsu do re s’sh ah wah e e

'tsoo de h

At once , sir [start ?'

I'

odoimo [mosii ha? tah di'mah [mah

's ’

kah ?

Is th e re a non Taboko wo h injite tah bah'koh woh ke e nje e

'

smoking car aru hyohush o g o te h ah 'roo ke e -ah -koo

'

riag e am Ito sh ah g ah ah'roo kah ?

Wh e re is your Kip p u no e hotto ke e p’

p oo woh ch oh t’toh

ticke t , ple ase h oikon h i’ke n

Is th is an e xpre ss ? Kore wo hyuho koh 're h wah ke e -coke k'

rossh a dosti Ito ? re s'sh ah de b

's

’

kah ?

Am I in th e rig h t Kono notte iru koh’noh noh t

'te h e e

'roo

train kish a ke e'sh ah

yulfu ni ch igoi yoo'koo ne e ch e e -ng h i

'

wo orimosen ko ? wah ah re emah ’se n kah ?

Wh e re do I ch ang e yuku ni wo , yoo'koo ne e

dolto do nori-lcoo wah , doh'koh de h noh '

sh imosu ko re e -kah ’e h sh e emah '

[starting [de ru soo kah [de h'roo

Th e re ! th e train is Sam kisho g o soh 'rah ! ke e

'sh ah g ah

Th at se at is e n Sono tokoro wo fu soh'noh toh koh '

roh wah

g ag e d sog atto imosii foosah ngah t'te h e emah 's’

Eng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciation .

Do I ch ang e h e re yuhu ni wo

koko do nori-koe

masii ko

Th is is not a smok KonoIryakusho de wo

ing carriag e toboko no nomu

koto g o kinji toimasz

‘

i

Do you obje ct to Tobakomo nondo 7770smoking onoto ni u‘

o sosh i

tsokd e g o g ozoi

mason Ito

May I open (close ) Modo’

wo ake te (sh ith e window mote ) moyog ozai

most? ko“

3

Do w e stop long Ke no toi -sh o-bo ni

h e re ? nog oku tomori

mosii ho ?

Sh ow th e se ladie s Kono fuj in g oto too

to th e waiting kiusokujoyog oonroom noi mosh i-tokudo

soi

Lavatory Bonjo. Chozubo

Wh ich is th e way D e -g uch i wa doh o

out ? dosii Ito ?

Th e re is th e way D e -g uch i u~o osdko

out do g ozoimosii

I h ave come to Danna ! o mukai in

me e t you , sir moirimosh i to

By Road : Hiring Conve yance s.

(Oi'

d i do:'

uruma u’o yatou koto. )( S e e Vocabulary 21, p ag e

Orde r a’

riksh a J inrikish a wo to je e nre e'ke e sh ah woh tah

[man nondo kudosoi noh n'de h koodah si '

He re ! J inrikish a Oi ! huruma-

yo .

’oy ! kooroo

'mah -yah !

He re bring a Oi ni-nin-nw i no oy ! n e e-ne e n-noh

're e noh

double ’

riksh a kurumo i t - cho kooroo'mah oe t-r-h oh '

4 [h orse s motto koi [bosh o moh t'te h koy [bah

'sh ahA carriag e with two Ni -h ih i doch i no ne e -h e e

’ke e dah 'ch e e noh

G"‘

ye h yoo'koo ' ne e wah

koh’koh de h noh 're e

kah -e h -mah ' s ’

kah

koh'noh ke e -ah koo'sh ah

de h wah tah bah 'koh woh

noh'moo koh

'toh gah

ke e nje e'te h e emah 's

’

tah bah'koh woh noh n'

de h

moh ah nah'tah ne e wah

sah -sh e e -tsookah 'e h g ah

g oh-zi -mah ' se h kah ?

mah'doh woh ah ke h '

te h

(sh e em e h ’te h ) moh yoh

g oh-zi -mah ’ s ’

kah

koh'noh tay

-sh ah -bah

ne e nah -ng ah'koo toh

mah re emah 's

’

kah

koh’noh foo

'

je e n gah'tah

woh ke w -soh -koo'

joh

ye h g oh ah n-ni’ moh '

sh e e -te h koodah si '

be n ’

joh ; ch oh'dzoobah

de h -

g oo'ch e e wah doh '

koh de h 's

’

kah

de h -

g oo’ch e e wah ah '

s’

koh de h g oh -zi -mah 's’

dah n'nah ! oh mooki ' ne e

mi -re emah 'sh ’tah

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation.

He re ! bring one Oi ! jinrikisha i t—ch o cy l je e nre e'ke e sh ah e e t

’riksh a motto koi ch oh moh t'te h koy

A’

riksh a drawn I eh i -nim-biki (ni e e'ch e e -ne emi be e ’ke e

one man nim-biki ) no (ne e -ne em-be e'ke e ) noh

me n) kurumo kooroo'

mah

A’

riksh a to s e at Ich i -nin-nori (ni e e’ch e e -ne en-noh

're e

one pe rson (two nin-nori) no (ne e -ne en-nob're s) noh

pe rsons) kurumo kooroo’mahHow much to take Tokyo made dono tohke e -oh mah ’de h doh '

me to Tokio kurai do nose ru noh -koori ’ de h noh se h '

ko roo kah

Howmanyare th e re O iku-tari do g ozai oh e e

'koo-tah’re e de h

in your party most‘

i goh-zi

Th e re are four of us Yottar i 6188 27. yoh t-tah ’

re e de h ' e’

Take me to th e Sutoish on made no sootaysh oh nmah de h noh

station sote yotto kure se h'te h yah t

'te h koo’

re h

All rig h t , ple ase H e ! Yorosh iugozoi h e h ! yoh roh sh e e oo'

goh

ste p in masii Omosh i no zimah 's’

oh me h’sh e e

[go soimash i nah si -mah ' sh e e [kahWill h e be able to Ikore ru d

’

oro ko 7 e e kah re h'roo d

’

ah roh’

Put up th e h ood Horo we og e te h oh'roh woh ah -ng h e h

'

kure te h koo're h [koo're h

Lowe r th e h ood Horo wo totto kure h oh’roh woh toh t

'te h

S top h e re a mo'

oko do sukosh i koh'koh de h soo-koh -sh e e

'me nt motto o kure mah t'te h oh koo're hLe t me g e t out Koko do orosh ite koh

'koh de h oh roh 'sh’

te h

h e re o-kure [aru oh -koo're h [ri'ah roo

How far is it donog uroi dobnoh -ngoo

Wh ich is th e road iku mioh i wo , e e'koo me e

'ch e e

doe bird do g oz wah , doh -ch e e ' tah de h

oimasit’

g oh-zi-mah ’ s ’

How is th e road Kore kara saki no koh re h kah rah sah ke e noh

ah e ad mich i wo , dode sti ? me e ch e e wah , doh deb's ’

?

Ple ase te ll me th e Mich i wo . osh i e to me e'ch e e woh oh -sh e e

way kudosoi e h'te h koodah si

’

Will it be possible Iku koto-

g o de ki e e'koo koh 'toh -ng ah de h

to go mosho ko ke emah sh oh ' kah ?

Your h orse is Danna, o iima no dah n 'nah , oh

’m-mah ’noh

re ady, sir sh i tako wo. yoro sh’

tah’koo wah yoh roh

sh in g ozoimoso sh e e -oo’

goh zimah’s

’

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation .

It is no distance on Koko karo soki wo , koh'koh kah 'rah sah 'ke e

to th e ne xt place jiki de so wah , je e'ke e deb ’ s ’

?

How many r i is it Kore yori nan’

ri koh 're h yoh're e nah n

’

re e

from h e re h odo oru 2 h oh 'doh ah 'roo

How dreadq ybad Osorosh ii domomie h i oh soh roh sh oe'doh 'moh

th e road is ! g o woruz me e’ch e e g ah wah roo

'e e

How many ri is Tsug i noshoku mode tsoo-ng h e e'noh sh

’koo

'

it to th e ne xt non ri g ozaimasii? mah 'de h nah n re e g oh

town [on [de sii ka ? zimah ’s

’

?

Must I g o straig h t Masengu ni iku n’

mah s -soo'ng oo ne e e e'koo

By Ste amboat. (J okisen do.)(For Vocabulary se e p ag e

Wh e n do we start Normg oro ni nah nje e g oh roh ne e sh oopp an sh imosii ko ? pah n sh e emah

's

’

kah‘

?

Se nd th e steward Makand i -koto wo mah kah ni’-kah

'tah woh

to me koch ira ni yoko koh -ch e e'rah ne e yoh

sh i te o-kure koh 'sh’

te h oh -koo're hWh at is th e first J oto no ch insen wa joh toh noh ch e e n '

sen wah

cabin fare ? ikuro desz‘

i ? e e koo'rah deb ’ s ’

P le ase sh ow me Wo tokiish i no no wah tah 'k’sh e e noh ne h

my be rth doko wo mise te doh'koh woh me e se h

'

o -kure te h oh -koo're hIs th is be rth Kono no-doko wo koh

'noh ne h -doh 'koh wah

take n mokosh ite oru ho ? moh kah 'sh e e te h oh'roo

[tain [orimosii ko .

7 kah‘? [oh re emah

's

’

kah ?

Wh e re is th e cap So ne ho wo doko ni se nch oh'wah doh 'koh ne e

I will e ng ag e th e Watakosh i wo kono wah tah 'k’

sh e e wah koh '

wh ole cabin h eya wo kari -ki i i noh h e h'

yah woh kah’re e

sh imosho ke e’re e sh e emah -sh oh '

Put my bag in th e Te -kabon wo wato te h -kah ’bah n woh wah

cabin kosh i no h oyo ni tah k’

sh e e noh h e h 'yahl irote o-kuro ne e e e re h

'te h oh -koo're h

Have you a pass Ryoko-menjo no 0 re e -oh koh ' -me njoh

'woh

port ? moch i do g ozoi oh moh’ch e e de h g oh

masii ho ? zi -mah ’ s ’ kahWh at is th e numbe r Non-

go no sh i tsu ni nah n-ngoh noh sh e e'tsoo

of your cabin irosshoimosii ne e e e rah s-sh i -mah's ’

?

I am in numbe r Son-

goni om’

moso sah n-ng oh ne e oh re e

th re e mah 's ’

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation .

Will it be roug h Kokoi ni wo umi g o

aromasho k .o

Th e se a is roug h Umi g o oroi n’ dosu

Is sh e a g ood boat ? Kano f une wo gai

funo dosn ko .

Shall you stay on Komp on ni nokatto

de ck .9 oido de sko ko .

No , I sh all go I tyo, wotakdsh i wo

be low sh i to ye ikimosit

I fe e l ve ry sick Wotokush i u’a tatso

mukotsukimosii

I am g oing be low Wo tokiish i ’wo h oya

to my cabin ye moirimosti

Can we h ave dinne r Funo ni yoshoku go

on board ? orimoszZ ko

Ope n (sh ut) th e Mada uio akoto

port-h ol e (sh imoto) o-kuro

He re ! Boatman ! Oi ! S enda !

How much to take Oko made ikuro do

me ash ore ? nosote kure ru ko .

2

P le ase le t m e se e Ga-menjo wo oh otto

your passport 0 miso nos-otto

kudosoi

Arrival . (To-ch oku . )(Se e Vocabulary 21 , p ag e

He re is my Wotakiish i no ui wah tah'k

’

sh e e noh ne e

lug gag e matsi i wo kako ni moh’ts

’

wah koh'koh ne e

aru ah'roo

Wh e re is th e cus Z oikwan wo doko zay'kwah n wah doh ’koh

tom -h ouse ? dost? ho de b ’ s’

kah ?

Bring th at trunk Ch atto Z e ikwon ch oh t'toh zay

'kwan mah'

to th e custom made sono kabon de h soh'noh kah ’bahn

h ouse wa matte koi woh moh t'te h koy

Have you any Kabon no naho ni kah ’bah nnoh nah 'kah ne e

th ing to de nani ko zoi n o nah'ne e kah zaywoh oh

clare ? osamu-beki mono sah ’moo-be h 'ke e moh'

[dutiable g o g ozaimosii ko .? 11011 gah g oh

-zi

I h ave noth ing Iig o, gozoimoson e e’

ye h , g oh-zi -mah '

se n

kah ’ki ne e Wah oo'me e

gah ah re h -mash ah ' kah ?oo

’me e gah ah'ri n

’

de h's

’

koh 'noh foo

'ne h wah yoy

foo’ne h deb ' s ’ kah

kahm '

p ah n ne e noh koh t’

te h oy'de h de h sh ah ' kah ?

wah

sh ’ tab ye h e e ke emah 's

’

wah tah 'k’sh e e wah ti -soh

'

mookah tsooke emah 's’

wah tah 'k’

sh e e wah h e h'

yah ye h mi-re emah 's

’

foo’ne h ne e yah

-sh oh'koo

gah ah re emah ’s

’

kah

mah’doh woh ah ke h ’

te h

(sh e eme h ’te h )oh -koo're h

oy ! se n'doh !

oh'kah mah

'de h e e koo'

rah de h noh se h’te h koo

re h’roo kah

g oh-me njah

'woh ch oh t

'

toh oh me e'se h nah

'

s (oo) t -te h koodah si'

Eng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciation.

How .much do you I ch i-nich i no tamori e e'ch e s-ne e 'ch e e noh toh

ch arg e p e r day? ryo u°

a ikura mah 're s-re e -oh ' wah e e

[come [ko .

7 koo'rab [kahHas my lug gage Nimotsii wo ne emoh 'ts

’

wah mi ’t-tah

Se nd th e lug g ag e N imatszi wo nihai ne emoh'ts

’

woh ne e ki’

upstairs ye ag osasoto kure ye h ah -ng e h-sah se h

’te h

koo're h [dab si'

Put it down h e re Kaka yoaito kudosoi koh'koh ye h oy

'te h koo

Do you inte nd to Nogoku go taryn nah -ngah'koo g oh toh re e

s tay long ? nasaimasii ko .

? ao'nah si -mah ' s ’

kah ?

I sh all stay a few Rgo-san-nioh i ta re e -ah

'-sah n-ne e

'ch e e

days [wash maru tohmah 'rooI want to h ave a Chodzu wa

‘

tsukai toi ch oh 'dzoo woh tsooki ti '

I want some th ing Noni ka tobotoi nah 'ne e kah tah be h -ti '

to e at [sh ooAnyth ing will do Non demo yorosh ii nah u de h 'moh yoh roh

A de cante r of wate r Midou tokkuri me e'dzoo toh k-koo

're e

Give me th e ke y of Heyo no kag i wa h e h’

yah noh kah -ng h e e

my room a-kure woh oh -koo're hWh at are th e h ours Kach ira do wo, koh -ch e e

'rah de h wah

,

for me als h e re ? gazon no j ikoko g oh-ze n noh je e koh

'koo

wo, non-j i to wah,nah nje e toh nahn

non-ji dosii je e de h's

’

Lunch e on is Ho ! 0 h iru h e h ! oh h e e'roo wah

and dinne r do, a g ash ahn g o de b , oh yah sh oh'koo g ah

do g ozoimosii g oh-zi -mah ’ s ’

Th e re is no fixe d Ho! oso wo, k imari h e h ! ah'sah wah , ke e

time g o g azoimoson mah 're e g ah g oh-zi

[wo ? mah 'sen [bah n wahAnd bre akfast Sore do wo, oso-h on sch 're b de h wah , ah

'sah

You can suit your Anoto no g o tsugo ah nah ' tah noh g oh tsooown conve ni ence sh idai ng ah

'sh e e di '

Can I dine in my J ibun no h oyo do je e’boon noh h e h

’

yah de h

room shakuji suru kota sh oh -koo’

je e soo-roo

g o dokimoszi ko ? koh -te h gah de h -ke e

mah ’ s ’

kah

Are th e be ds we ll Kano yagu wo yaku koh'noh yah

'ng oo wah

aire d Icawa-kosh i to oru yoh’koo kah wah -kah ’

sh ’

Ito ? [doso te h ah -rookah

Wh e re is th e w .c 9 Banjo no dach iro be njoh wah doh ch e e rah

Eng lish Japane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciat ion.

I suppose you h ave Uch i ni fura-bo g o oo'ch e e ne e foo'roh -bah

bath s h e re aru daro? gah ah'roo dah rah

I want awarm bath Yu ni h oiri toi yoo ne e h i-re e ti

'

[re hGive me some soap Sh oban wa a-kuro sh ah ’boh n woh oh -koo'kGive me a towe l Toaru wa o-ku ro tah oh 'roowoh oh -koo're hWh e re is th e be ll ? Rin wo daka de szZ re e n wah doh 'koh de h ’

s’

?

Can you le nd me Surip p o wa is-saku soore e p’

p ah woh e e s-soh ’

some slippe rs kash ’ttokurora ko? koo kah 'sh’te h koore h '

roo kah [dahI want a candle Rosoku wa

‘

iriyodo roh’soh koowoh e e re e -yoh

’

I th ink of l e aving Myonich i shuttotsu m e e - ah ’ne e ch e e sh oot

to-morrow sh imosho tah’tsoo sh e emah -sh ah ’

Call me e arly in Asa h og aku akash ito ah'sah h ah -

yah'koo oh

th e morning maroitai koh 'sh’

te h moh ri -ti ’

It i s ch illy to nig h t Kong o wo gahada koh n'

yah wah yoh h oh

somui n’

do doh sah -moo'e e n

’

dah

Put on more be d Yog a wa motto yah'ng oo woh moh t'te h

cloth e s kokoto o-kuro kah -ke h ' te h oh -koo're hSe nd “ Boots to Roko-bon wa koch ira rak

'kah -bah n woh koh

me ni yakash‘

tto a ch e e'rah ne e yoh koh

kure sh’

te h oh -koo're hWh at do you re 0 o tsurayo wo noni oh ah tsoorah 'ye h wah

quire , sir ? [wate r do g ozo imasii? nah '

n’ de h goh zimah

's

’

?

Give me some h ot Yu wa a-kure yoo woh oh -koo're hCle an my sh oe s Kutszi wa migoito koo

'ts

’

woh me e -ngh i'te h

maroitoi [toi moh ri—ti ' [moh ri -ti'

I want a sh ave Hig owo suttomarai h e e'ng e h woh soot

'te h

Is th e re a barbe r Kako ni takayo g o koh'koh ne e toh koh

'

yah

about h e re ? orimasii ko .

?g ah ah re emah 's’ kah

Send my boots to Ku tsii wa nd ash i ni koot's

’

woh nah -oh’sh e e

be re paire d yotto a-kuro ne e yah t'te h oh k oo're h

Le t th is l ine n g o Kano mono wa sen koh'noh moh ’

noh woh

to th e laundry tohn-

g o g odos-ki te se ntah

'koo-

yah ye h

moroi toi dah sh ’

te h moh ri ti'

My cloth e s are we Kimono g o norote ke emoh noh ngah noo

imosu re h 'te h e emah’s

’

Ple ase dry th em Yaku kowakosh i to yoh’koo kah wah kah

'sh

’

o-kur e te h oh -koo're hBrush my cloth e s Kimono wa burash i ke emoh

'noh woh boorah

'

wo koke to a-kure sh e e woh kah ke h te h oh

[koo’re h

E ng h sh . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciat ion .

Are you going to O mosh i -mana we 0 oh me h 'sh e e -moh'noh '

ch ang e your ki -koe nosoimosii woh oh ke e -kah 'e h nah

cloth e s, sir ko si -mah ’ s ’ kahLe t us h ave th e Doha, konjo-

g aki we doh'kah , kah njah

'-ng ah

'

bill matte kite o-kure ke e woh moh t'te h ke e

'

te h oh -koo're hIs th e lug g ag e Nimatsii no sh itaku ne emoh 'ts

’

noh sh e e tah'

re ady wo ii ka koo wah ao kah

S e nd th e lug gag e Nimatsii we sute i ne emoh’ts

’

woh sootay'

to th e station shan g o yotto a sh oh n ye h yah t'te h oh

kuro koo're hTake me to th e Sutoish on mode sootay

'sh oh n mah 'de h

station ne se ta g atto kure noh se h te h yah tte h koore h

Me als . (Sh okuji no koto . )(S e e Vocabu lari e s 13 a 14, p ag e s 24 25 )

Sh ow me th e bill Kandoto we mise te koh ndah 'te h woh me e

of fare o-kuro se h'te h oh -koo're h

Ple ase bring te a 0 ah a to kwosh i we oh ch ah toh kwah 'sh e e

and cake s matte kai woh moh t’te h koy

Wh at is your 0 otsurog e wo non oh ah tsoorah'

ye h wah

orde r do g ozoimasii? nah n de h g oh zi mah ’

s’

?

Ple ase mak e me Ch o we ire to o-kuro ch ah woh e e re h'te h oh

some te a koo’re h

I will make th e Wo toku’

sh i wo jibun wah tah'k

’

sh e e wah je e'

te a myse lf do ah a wa kosh i boon de h ch ah woh kohro e ru sh e e rah -ch

’re o

I am h ung ry O nako g o sdkimo oh nah'kah gah s

’ ke esh i to mah ’

sh’

tah

I am th irsty Nada g o kowokima noh'doh g ah kah wah ke e

sh i to mah’sh

’

tah

It is quite nne at Mozttkdto toborore mah dzoo’k

’

te h tabe h rah

abl e no i re bui’

[ni'

undrinkable Mazukt‘

ito namenoi mah dzoo’k

’

te h nohm e h

Th isisquite e noug h Kore do tokit'

son koh 're h de h tah

'k’

sah n

May I offe r you Sokona wo ikag o do sah kah'nah wah e e kah

'

some fish g ozoimosii 2. ng ah de h g oh-zi-mah

's ’?Th anks, I will take Hoi , ch odoi i tash i h i , ch oh di

’e e tah sh e e

some [potatoe s mosho mab sh ah ’

I am not fond of Ima g o kiroi de sii e e'moh g ah ke e

-ri de b’ s ’?

Eng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciat ion .

It looks tasty Oish iso dosti oy-sh e e sah ' de h ’

s’

Wh ich do you Doro g o yarash iu dob’re h g ah yoh roh sh e e

’

pre fe r gazoimasd .

3 oo g oh-zi -mah

’ s ’

I pre fe r roast to Nita no g ari wo ne e'tah noh yoh

’re e wah

boile d yokoto no yoro yah ke h'tah no yoh roh

sh iu g azaimasd sh e e'oo g oh

-zi -mah 's ’

E ith e r will do Sore u'o doch iro do soh're h wah doh -ch e e

’rah

mo yorosh ii de h moh yoh’roh sh oe ’

I h ave noth ing to Taboru mane g o noi tah be h’roo moh 'noh g ah

e at n i [kahIs th e soup re ady Sop p o g o doki to ko

?soh p

'

p oo g ah de h ke e'tah

Dinne r is re ady Gozon g o dekimo g oh'ze n gah de h

-ke omah’

(se rve d) sh i to sh’

tah [kahDo you a suki de sii ko .

? oh soo'ke e de b ' s ’

I must h ave th em A tarash iku noi no ah tah rah sh e e’koo mi noh

fre sh [ple ase wo t ronot wah e e rah ni ’

Give me a l ittle , Sukosh i o-kuro sookoh'sh e e oh -koo’

re h

Th e re is none le ft Mo mina ni nori moh m e e'nah ne e nah

mash‘

i ta re emah ’ sh ’ tabWill you pass th e Karash i wa a- lmro? kah rah

’sh e e woh oh -koo’

mustard ? re h

Anoth e r cup of te a Oh o ua mo ip p oi ch ah wah moh e e p-

p i'

Give me som e more Soto (ch i e h i) we sabtah ’

(ch e e’ch e e ) woh

sugar (milk) motto a-kuro moh t’toh oh -koo’

re h

Put some more Dabin yo yu wo doh ’be e n ye h yoo woh

wate r in th e motto sosh i te a moh t’te h sah ’

sh’

te h oh

te apot kure koo're hBring m e th e te a Dobin we matte kite doh 'be e n woh moh t’te h

p ot o-kuro ke e ' tch oh -koo're hHave you any fre sh D eki - toto no bato g o de h

’ke e -tah'te h noh bah

’

butte r orimost‘

i ko ? tah g a’

h ah re emah 's’ kah ?

Wh at fish h ave Do to sahano g o doh cc-ao’sah kah

’nah

you aru ? gah ah ’roo

I will take som e Sokono wa tobemo sah kah'nah woh tah be h

fish sho mab sh ah '

Waite r , some bre ad Kguji , p an we a ke e—co'je e , pah n woh oh

kure koo ’re h

Wh at wine will you Sake wo ,noni g o g a sah

'ke h wah nah’ne e g ah

take , sir rosh it‘

t g azoimosii ? yoh roh sh e e-ao

'

goh zi

mah ’ s ’

Eng l ish . J apan e se (romaniz e d ) . P ronunciation

Ope n th e bottle and Tokkuri we okoto toh k-koo're e woh ah ke h '

bring it h e re motto ke i te h moh t'te h koy

Sh ow me th e Sake no hyo wo sah 'ke h noh h e e -ah'woh

list mise te o-kuro me e se h'te h oh -koo're h

Have you Eng lish Ig irisu -biira wa e e -ng h e e re e’soo-h oo

'roo

be e r orimosii ka wah ah re emah 's’ kah

Wh at me at is Niku-rui wo noni ne e'koo-roo

'e e wah nah

'

th e re ? g o oru ko ne e -ngah ah 'roo kah

Give me a slice 0 Homo we sh i te -kiri h ah'moowoh sh

’

toh -ke e'

h am o-kuro re e oh -koo’re h

Have you any roast Yaki-ush i g o oru yah'ke e -co

' sh e s gah ah'

be e f ? roo kah

Do you pre fe r we ll Yoku yaito no oh’koo yi

'tah nob-ngah

done or unde r a suki de szZ oh soo'ke s de h 's’

kah,

done nomag aki nahmah -

yah'ke e woh oh

konami de sii ko ? koh noh 'me e doh’ s ’ kah ?

Wh at will you take Kore kora noni wo koh 're h kab 'rah nah'ne e

now sosh i-ogomoshoka? woh sah ’sh e e -ah -ug h e h

mabsh ah ' kah [sh e eA little of th e fat Sh iromi we sukash i sh e e roh

'me e woh sookoh'

Give me some le an Akami ne take ro wo ah -kah 'me e noh tohkoh'

o-kuro roh woh oh -koo're hPass me th e sauce Sosu wo o-kuro soh -soo woh oh -koo're hWill you carve th at Sana tori wo ki t soh 'noh toh

're e woh

fowl ? kuronoi ko ke e t'te h koore h ni

' kah ?

Ch ang e my plate Sara we tori -kaote sah 'rah woh toh 're e -kaha-kure e h 'te h oh -koo're h

Will you h ave some Ima wa ikoga do e e'moh wah e e kah

'ngah

potatoe s g azoimosii ko .

2 de h g oh-zi-mah 's ’

kah

Boile d potatoe s ; Ude to-ima yoki ima oode h’tah -e e

'moh ; yah'

roaste d potatoe s ke e -e e’moh [nah si

’

Handme your plate Soro waakosh inosai sah'rah woh oh -kah

'sh e e

I will not take any Itadakimosen e e tah dah ke emah 'se n

I sh ould like some Boto -yoki p an wa bah 'tah -

yah'ke e pah n

butte re d toast a-kure woh oh -koo're hSh all I bring you Mo soke sh i sosh io moh sookoh

'sh e e sah sh e e

some more g omasho ko2 ah -ng h e h

-mah sh ah'kah ?

No, th ank you ,I Arig o to, mo takt

‘

t ah re e -ngah tah'

, moh

can’ t e at any son i tadakimo tah k

’sah n e e tah dah ke e

more sh ita mah 'sh’

tah

Th e Time .

(Be e Vocabul ary 8 , p ag eN OTE .

—( t ) T h e Jap an e s e do n o t g e n e ral ly say “ tw e nty m inut e s tofou r , or a quart e r to s ix , &c .

, but almost inv ariab ly s tat e

t h e m inut e s p as t th e h our. For e xamp l e , tw e nty m inut e sN

to four is e xp re ss e d as“ forty m inut e s p ast th re e and

a quart e r to s ix as“ forty

-fiv e m inut e s p ast fiv e .

( 2 ) A .M . is e xp re ss e d by p re fixing t h e w ord “gozen , and

P .M . by th e w ord “go

-

go.

Eng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) .

Wh at time 18 at Mo non-ji dosiZ ?

It is e ig h t o’ clock Hooh i -j i do g ozoi

Pronunciation .

moh mah n-je e de b' s ’

h ah'ch e e -je e de h g oh -zi

Half-past n1ne Ku -ji h on [moso koo-je e h ah n [mah’ s '

A quarte r to twe lve J u-ni -ji ju-g a

-f un jaa-ne e -Je e je e-

goh -foon

[past one moo

Twe nty minute s l e h i -ji ni -jip -

p un

Te n minute s to two Ich i -ji g o j ip -

p un

A quarte r past four Yo-j i ju-

g a-fun

It isjustabout noon Kore kore h iru dost?10 a.m . Go-zon-jt

’

t -ji11 p m . Go-g o-jd -ich i-jiIt comme nce s at Ich i -ji h on ni h ojih alf-past one morimosz

‘

t'

I will come to Mionich i moirimoszimorrow [ing

Early in th e morn Asa h oyoku

It must be late Mo osak’

oro

Eve ry oth e r day [ sh i nich i aki

Dayafte r to-morrow Mgog anich i

Day be fore ye ste r I ssokujitsuHalf-an-h our [day Hon—ji -konAn h our and a h alf Ich i-ji -han kan

For a sh ort time Sakosh i no oido

At any time Nandaki dome

At th e same time Do-ji ni

mah 'e h

e e'ch e e -je e ne e -je e p -poon

e e'ch e e -je e g oh je e p-poon

yoh -je e joa-

g oh-foon

kah 're h koh 're h h oo

'roo

g oh-ze n-jaa-je e [de h

’s

’

g oh-ngoh

-jaa-e e’ ch e s-je e

e e'ch e e -je e h ah n ne e

h ah je emah re emah 's’

me e oh'ne e ch e e mi -re e

mah ’ s ’

ah'sah h ah -

yah'koo

moh oh -soh k’

ah rah'

e e'ch e e ne e

’ch e e oh

'ke e

me e -oh’ng oh

-ne e ch e e

e e s-sah -kooje e'tsoo

h ah n-je e -kah ne e

'ch e e -je e -h ah n kah n

sookoh’sh e e noh i

'dah

nah ndoh'ke e de h

’moh

doh -je e ne e

Th e We ath e r . (Tonki .)(Se e Vocabulari e s 1 at 2, p ag e s 18

It is fine we ath e r Yoi o tenki dogozoi

mosii

It is most disagre e Komorimash ito a

able we ath e r tenki dosit'

yoy oh te n'ke e de h g oh

zi -mah 's ’

kohmah re emah 'sh’tah

oh te n’ke e de h

’s

’

Eng l ish . Pronunciation .

It is re ally b e auti .Mokoto ni kekko no

ful we ath e r a tenki de sii

I am knocke d up Kano otsdsa ni

by th is h e at domo yoworimosh i ta

Th e h e at is unbe ar Kgo no otsit'

so wo,

able to-day koroe roromason

[noiIt is te rribly h ot A tsdkute sh i -go g o

I will come to M ioniah i tenki g o

morrow if fine g orosh i-korebo ,

moirimoszi

Can you le ndme an Komori-g oso we

umbre lla kosh ito kudaso i‘mosii ko

Is it raining Ame wo f otto imosu

ko {1 [imosiiIt is raining a littl e Fora ni wo fottoIt looks as if th e rain Ame g o og oriso

would cle ar off dosii

We we re (or, I was) Ame ni furi-komoroke p t in by th e rain mosh i to

It se ems like ly to Ame g o f oriso doIt is snowing [rain Yuki g o furimosii

He alth . (Korodo no omboi . )(For Vocabulary se e p ag e 23 )

I fe e l ill Kog en g o worn g a kah 'ng h e n g ah wah roa'

zoimosii g oh-zi -mah ’ s ’

[mah' s ’

I h ave a sore th roat Node g o i tomimoso noh ’ doh g ah e e tahme eI h ave a h e adach e Z utsw g o sh imasu dzootsaa' g ah sh e emah 's

’

I h ave caug h t cold Kozowe h ikimosh‘

i to kah 'ze h woh b (oe ) ke emah 'sh

’

tah

I h ave a p ain in my Sonoka g o i tami se h nah'kah g ah e e tah

back mosii me emah 's’

I h ave a bad coug h Hidaku seki g o h e e doh'koo se h

'ke e gah

domasii d e h -mah 's ’

[mah' s '

I h ave a pain h e re Kaka g o i tomtmosu koh'koh g ah e e tahme e

You h ad be tte r con Ish o ni mite marou e e'shah ne e me e

'te h moh

sult th e doctor g o yakoro row'

g ah yoh kah rah'

mah koh 'toh ne e ke k-kah '

nah e h ‘

te n'ke e de li ' s ’

koh ’noh ah

'ts

’

sah ne e

dah'moh yoh

-wah -re e

mah'sh

’

tah

ke e -ah ' noh ah’ts

’sah wah ,

koh rah - e h -rah re h -mah '

se n [uiah ts

’

koo'te h sh e e -yah g ah

me e -ah 'ne e ch e e te n'ke e

g ah yoh roh’sh

’-koh re h '

bah m i -re emah 's

’

koh 'moh re e -ng ah'sah woh

kah'sh

’

te h koo-dah -si

mah 's’

kah

ah'me h wah foot

'te h e e

mah 's ’

kah [e e mah’s

’

foo'roo ne e wah foot’

te h

ah’me h g ah ah -ng ah re e

sah de h’s

’

ah'me h ne e foo

're e -koh

mah ’re h -mah '

-sh’

tah

ah'm e h g ah foore e soh dah

yoo'ke e g ah foore emah

's

’

J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciation.

He oug h t to be Mo kuru h ozu do moh koo'roo h ah 'dzoo

h e re by now [ing g o ! dah -ng ah

I h ave h e ard noth Tonto kikimos en toh n' toh ke e ke emah'se n

Has th e mail Yubin sen wo to yaa'b e e n se n wah tah

'

steame r arrive d ? ch oh u sh imosh tta ch ah koo sh e emah 'sh’

ka .

5’ tah kah

Go and se e if th e Yutin g o kaitta ko yaa'be e n g ah h i

’t-tah -kah

mail is (le tte rs i tto mite a-kuro e e t'te h m e e

'te h oh -koo

'

are ) in re h

Are th e re any le t Wotokosh i ni ote to wah tah 'k’

sh e e ne e ah

te rs for m e ? teg omi g o g azoi te h ' tah te h -ng ah'me e

mosiZ ko .

?g ah g oh

-zi -mah 's ’

kah ?

Ple ase forward my Wataku’

sh i ni o te to wah tah k’

sh e e ne e ah te h

l e tte rs teg omi wo g o tah te h -ngahme e

todokoto kodasoi ye h toh doh ke h te h koodah si’

P le ase we ig h th is Kano teg omi no koh 'noh te h -ngah'me e

le tte r (th e s e mokoto we kakoto noh me h kah'te h woh kah

le tte rs) mite kudosoi ke h'te h me e

'te h koodah si

'

How much is th e Kano teg omi no yu koh noh te h -ng ah rne e noh

postag e on th is le t binze i wo ikura yaobe e nzay wah e e koo

te r (th e s e le tte rs) ? kokarimosii ko ? rah kah kah re emah s’ kah ?

Th is le tte r is to be Kano teg omi we koh'noh te h -ng ah

'me e

re g iste re d kokitomo ni sh i te woh kah ke e -toh'me h

o-kure ne e sh’

te h oh -koo're hRe ce ipt for re g is Koki -temo no uko kah

'ke e -toh 'me h noh oo'

te re d le tte r tori [mi ke h -toh're e [ngah

'me e

A re g iste re d le tte r Koki -tome no tog a kah’ke e -toh ’me h noh te h

I am just going to Nan’

do ka karo nahm’

dah kah koh ’re h

re ad it kora yomu takoro kab 'rah yoh'moo toh

dosu koh'roh de h

's

’

Te ll h im to wait Motosh i to kudosoi mah tah'sh

’

te h koodah si'

I will se nd a re ply A te koro g o oisotsu ah'toh kah

'rah g oh i

-sah'

late r we mosh imosho tsoo woh moh sh e emah

[g ram [most‘

i ko sh ah [mah's ’

kah

Can'

I send a te le D emp o wo yorore demp ah’woh yah rah re h

I h ave re ce ive d a domp o g o demp ah'

g ah

te le g ram kimosh‘

ita ke emah 'sh

’

tah

Has a te le g ram Wotoku'

sh i ni ote to wah tah'k

’

sh e e ne e ah

come for me ? dempo-

g a kimo te h'tah demp ah

'-ngah

sh i to ko .

? ke emah 'sh

’

tah kah ?

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciat ion.

Ple ase se nd th is Kano dempo we koh’noh demp ah

'woh

te le g ram dosh i to kudosoi dah'sh ’te h koodah si '

I want a postal Yabin-kawase wa yaa’be en-kahwah se h woh

orde r nog aitog ozoimosu”

ne h -ng h i-toh

'

g oh zimah s’

Th e paye e’ s nam e Kawase -kin ukotari kah wah ' se h -ke e n ooke h

and addre ss nin no shukusha toh re e ne en noh sh ookoo

is . to seime i sh oh toh saymay’

Th e sende r ’ s nam e Sosh i -dosh i -nin na sah 'sh e e -dah 'sh e e -ne e n

and addre ss seimoi , shakush e noh saymay’

, sh ookoo'

sh ohI am th e se nde r Wotaktish i wo wah tah

'k’

sh e e wah sah '

sosh i-dosh i -nin sh e e -dah 'sh e e -ne e n de h

do g ozoimoszi g oh-zi -mah 's ’

P le ase cash th is Kano kawase -kin we koh 'noh kah -wah'se h

mone y-orde r nog aito gazoi ke en woh ne h -ng h i

-toh'

(postal -orde r) most? g oh-zi mah ’

s’

Introductions. (Sh e -hat. )Allow me to intro Kano o koto u

'

o koh ’noh oh kah ’

tah wah

duce Mr . Son to assh oi toh oh ssh imah’s

’

;mosii . O h iki oh h e e

’ke e -ah wah 'se h

owoso i tosh imosii e e tah sh e emah 's

’

Kindly g ive me a Osaro-irimosii oh soh re h -e e re emah s’

g ah

l e tte r of intro Son g og o tonsko we ye h g oh te nsh oh

duction to kudasoimosen ko woh koodah simah se n kah

He re is th e le tte r of Kare wo tensh o do koh 're h wah te n

’sh oh

introduction toh im gazaimosii de h g oh-zi -mah ’

s’

Allow me to intro Watokiish i wah tah 'k’

sh e e

duce myse lf to mosu mono do g o mah’soo moh ’

noh de h

you ; myname is zoimosii g oh-zi -mah 's ’

P le ase introduce g o a h iki ye h oh h e e 'ke e

me to Mr . owoso kudosoimo ah wah 'se h koodah si

son ko .

? mah ’se n kah

I be g to introduce Konoto wo Son koh nah ’tah wah sah n

Mr . a frie nd to to, wotokdslti toh se

of mine no kayo do ga noh h ah -yoo de h goh-zi

zoimosii mah ’s ’

He re is my card Kore wo wotokush i koh 're h wah wah tah ’k’

nomoish i do g azoi sh e e noh may’sh e e de h

moszi goh-zi -mah

’ s ’

Jap an e se S .-T .

Eng lish . Japane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciat ion .

Pl e ase d to make Hajimomash ito 0 mo h ah je eme hmah'sh

’

te h oh

your acquaintance ml kakari-masz‘

z me h ne e kah kah re emah s’

I trust you will Iku-h isash iku g o e e'koo-h e e sah -sh e e ’ koo

h onour me with Icon-i we nogai goh koh n-cc woh ne h

your continue d mast? ng h i-mah ' s’

frie ndsh ip [sh e h'

I will call again Mata ag art'

mashe mah ’ tab ah -ng ah re emah

In Town Visiting . (Sh icha do ; Mimai .)(For Vocabu lary , se e p ag e

N OTE .—For h iring conv e yanc e s s e e Trav e l l ing by Road

, p . 83 ;s e e also E nqu irie s ,

”

p . 79 ; and S h op p ing , p . 1 0 1 .

Wh at sh all we do? D6 sh imash é ? doh sh e emah sh oh '

Ve ry we ll ; come Sa .

’ oidonasaimaski sah ! oy'de h nah -si-mah '

along sh e eAm I wrong to Ima jibanmaitta no se

'mah je e'boon mi 't-tah

h ave come at th is g a warm: no dosii noh g ah wah roo’e e noh

time‘

2 ka de h 's’

kah‘

2

Excuse my h aving 0 mae h ido sama oh mah ch e e de h ' sab 'mahke pt you waiting [oro [mah t

’te h ob 're b

You wait h e re Omayoke koni matte ohmah'

ye h koh 'koh ne e

Suppose w e g o‘2 I to/ta do dosu ? e e t

'ch ah de h de b 's

’ ‘

2

I am tire d ; le t us Kd tabt’

romash tta k’

tah -be e re h -mah'sh

’

tah

re st a l ittle kara ch e tte yasa kab 'rah ch oh t'toh yah

mimash e [nat soome emah sh e h ’

[g ah uiI am tire d out

’

t‘

itabiroto shag/6 g a k’

tah be e re h 'te h sh e e -ye hTake care ! (look Ki we tsukore ke e woh tsooke h

'roh !

out 1) [s e lf l (blunt) [se h lTak e care of your 0 daiji ni asobaso ! oh di

'

je e ne e ah soh bah '

I say ! (Hallo th e re ! ) Are sa l ah’re h sah !

Wh e re are you g o Omayo wa doko yo oh mah'

ye h wall doh'koh

ing i lca no da ? (fam .) ye h e e’koo

'

noh dah

I am g oing out now Ke ro loam undo nt'

koh ’re h kab '

rah oonde h '

for a walk dokakomasd ne e de h -kah ke hmah 's’

I sh ould like to 0 tome itash t'

masho'

oh toh 'moh e e tah sh e e

accompany you ,

mah sh ah '

I was waiting for 0 mach i moski to oh mah ’ch e e me h 'sh e e te h

you e rimash tt-a oh re emah'sh

’

tah

I wasjust going ou C'h édo doru toke ro ch oh'doh de h 'roo toh koh

de sh tta roh de h'sh

’

tah

Eng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) .

It is rig h t in front Z atte touki-atari do

of you g e zaimasd

Th is is th e sh orte st Kore wa fich i-ban

way ch ika-mi e h i de sli

Th is is th e long e st Kore wa yokode

way mawari -mt'

e h i

doszZ [mast‘

i

It is straig h t on Massug u do g e zai

I wil l sh ow you h is Ano latte no wh e re

place we osh ioto ag o

mash o'

It is only five A rai to g o f un g uraiminute s ’ walk sh i /ta kakan

’

wa

son

I don’ t know any 8 6 1517. na no bi te

one of th at name we sh irimason

I don’ t knowWh e re D e ke ni em

’

masii

h e live s yam watakt'

ish t’

wa sh irimason

IS your maste r Danna (01m 3ama)(mistre ss) with in? wa e u e h j lea ?

No, h e (sh e ) h as Ho, 0 rusa do

gone out g ozai'masft

Is Mrs . Okusama wa,0 w in

h ome ? do g e zaimasii ka .

’

Le t your maste r Wataki Zs/ti no h imknow I h ave ke te we danna yo

come sh irasoto o-kuro

[and askYou h ad be tte r g o Kitto kuru g a it

He is at h ome Uch i ni orimasii

P le ase come in Ke oh ira yo o te‘

rt

[minute nasat'

[7fl d S/l iTake a se at for a Ch ite o kako nasat

Wh o h as come ? D e nata g a o ido nt'

natte e rtmasii ka?

[mash i ta ka ?Has some one come ? D e nata ka matri

A visitor h as come , 0 kyaka sama g a

sir miyomash i ta

Pronunciat ion .

dzoot'toh tsoo'ke e -ab tah '

re e de h g oh-zi -mah 's ’

koh 're h wah so’ob e e -bah n

ch e e’kah -moo

’ch e s de h 's

’

koh 're h wah yoh

-h oh'doh

mah -wah’re e -me e

’ch e e

de b ' s ’

[zi -mah’ s ’

mah s -soo’ng oo de h g oh

ah 'noh sh’

toh ”noh toh

koh ’roh woh oh sh e e -e h

'

te h ah -ng h e h-mah sh e h '

ah rooe e'te h , g oh foon

g oori’ sh ’kah kah kah

re emah 'se n

se h e e -e o’nah noh sh

’toh

woh sh e e re emah ' se ndoh 'koh ne e oh re emah ’

s’

yah'rah wah

'tah

'k

’

sh e e

wah sh e e re emah'se n

dah n’nah (oh

’koo sah'

mah ) wah oh oo'ch e e kah

‘

?

h e h , oh roo’soo de h g oh

zi -mah’ s ’

oh koosahmah wah ch 00'

ch e e de h goh zimah s’ kah

‘

?

wah tah 'k’

sh e e noh ke e’

tah koh’toh woh dah n

'

nah ye h sh oorab -se h 'te h

oh -koo’re h

koo’te h koo

'roo g ah oo

oo’ch e e ne e oh re emah 's

’

koh ch e e 'rah ye h oh te h'

re e nah si ' [si -mah ’sh e e

ch e e'toh oh kah

'ke h nah

doh nah ’tah gah oh e e

'de b

ne e nah t’te h oh re emah '

s’

kah [mah'sh

’

tah kah

doh nah 'tah kah mi -re e

oh ke e -ah ’ koo sab 'mahng ah me e -ye h

-mah'sh

’tah

Eng lish . J ap an e se (romani ze d ) . Pronunciation .

Sh ow h im (h e r) in 0 tosln’

me so oh toh’sh e e moh

'se h

Re ally it is an ag e Make te nt’

sh ibara mah koh ’toh ne e sh e e bah

since we last me t [ca 0 mo ni kaka rah'koo oh me h ne e

[first rimasen dosh tta kah kah re emah 'se n de h

'

Excuse my g oing 0 saki oh sah ’ke e [sh’ tab

I h ave be en so busy Ise g ash tku to tsat’

e e sch -ng ah'sh

’

koo te h

th at I could not g o busata we i ta tsoo'e e g oh boosah

'tah

come and se e you sh imash tta woh e e tah sh e emah ’sh

’tah

I must go now Ikanakd towa nari e e kah nah’k

’

te h wah nah

masonz‘

o’

re emah se h’n

’

Must you re ally g o? Z oh i e kaort’

ni nari ze h -h e e oh kah -e h re e ne e

masz‘

i ka ? nah re emah 's’

kah‘?

Remembe r me to Mina san ni déka me e ’nah sah n ne e de h '

all at h ome ye re sh tku kah yoh roh'sh

’

koo

Go in pe ace ! (to 0 sh idzuka m’

oh sh e e -dzoo'kah ne e e e

de parting gue st) irassh aimaso I rah s -sh i -mah 'se hGood bye ! Sago nara ! sah -

ye h'nah 'rah !

P le ase come ag ain Mata i rassh at’

mah ' tab e e rah s-sh i'

Did anyone call Rosa-aha nt'

d e nata roose e'-ch e e ne e doh nah ’

wh ile I was me 0 Mo wa tah moh oh co’de h wah

out ? nahatta ka nah kah t’ tah kah

A visitor came just Chodo e dokako no ch oh'doh oh de h -kah

'ke h

as you l e ft te ke re yo, kyaku noh toh -koh 're h ye h ,

g a miomash tta ke e -ah 'koo g ah me e -e h

mah ’sh

’

tah [kah t’t

’

ah

I am g lad I we nt I tta no wa ye katta e e t'tah noh wah yoh

Sh op p ing . (E d m ond )(S e e Vocabularie s 4. 6. 7. —17, p p . 15—18 . 24

NOTE .—O h e n t e ring a sh op a g e nt l eman sh ou ld rais e h is h at ,say ing ,

“ Go me n nasai ! ”

( lit ,

“e xcuse Th is is

don e w h e th e r th e sh op ke e p e r is a m al e or a fe male . A

lady , o f cours e . m e re ly say s Go mon nasai l”

I want some silk Kinu. ga h e sh ifi. g e ke e 'noo ngah h oh -sh e e e o

zat’

masfi g oh-zi -mah 's ’

Th is silk is v e ry Ke no Icinu wa g e ku koh'noh ke e

’noo wah

de ar takat’

n’

dosd g oh’koo tah ki n ’

de h ’s

’

Th is mate rialwe ars’

ene kiro-j t’

moch i koh’noh koo're h -je e moh

'

we ll wa g orosh in g e zai ch e e wah yoh -roh -sh oo'

masii oo g oh-zt-mah 's ’ [mah

' s ’

I wil l guarante e it 0 uko-ai -mosh imasz‘

i oh e e'ke h -i -me h

'sh e e

Eng lish . Japan e se (romanize d ) . Pronunciat ion .

I don’ t g uarant e e it Uko-ai -mason ooke h -i -mah '

se n

Pleas e sh ow m e Tobukuro we mise te te h -bookoo'roh woh me e

some g love s kudasai se h 'te h koodah si ’

How’

much is th is Ke no tansu wa,koh '

noh tah n'soo wah ,

cabine t i leum dosii ? [door/Z ? e e koo'rah de h

's

’?

May I se e it ? Ch e tte mitai me n’

ch oh t’toh me e -ti

' moh n’

I want to se e th at Sene byobn we se h ’ne h be e -oh

'boo woh

"scre e n [would do mi tai m e e tt'

[mah' s ’

I sh ould th ink it Yosasoni eme imasii yoh sah soh’ne e ohmoy

Wh at is th e lowe st Kotohaka no te kore ke h t-ch ah ’koo noh toh

price wa i l ntra .

9 koh’roh wal l e e koo’

rah ?

Is th is vase e xp e n Keno hana-tko wa koh ’noh h ah 'nah -e e

’ke hsive ? takai no dosiZ ka? wah tah ki

’noh d e h

’s

’

kah

I will se le ct th e Keno uoh i kara,'it

'

koh'noh oo

’ch e e kab ’

rah ,

be st from among no we om‘

dash i oo noh woh e h -re e dah

th e se mash e‘

sh e e -mah sh e h'

May I ch oose for Yori-de tto me it no yoh’re e -doh t 'te h moh oo

myse lf ? dosz‘

i 75 a ? noh de b ’ s ’

kah ?

May I sh ow it to 0 mo ni kakoto me oh m e h ne e kah ke h ’te h

you ? go gozaimasn”ko .

? moh yoh goh-zi -mah ’ s ’

[about te n [kahPle ase g ive m e To balcari kndasat

’

te h bah kah 're e koodah si '

Th is suits m e , but Sh ina wa, g e rosld i sh e e’nah wah , yoh

-roh

th e price is too ga, nodan ga sh oo' gah , ne h’dah n g ah

h ig h e sor e sh t’

i takai oh -soh -roh sh oo’tah kt"

n’

de sii [mason n’

de h ’s

’

[mah’ s e h

It is not new [more A tarash t’

kn ari ah tah rah ’sh

’

koo ah re e

I don’ t want any Me takt

‘

isan moh tah’k

’

sah n

I h ave orde re d it A tsuraoto e h ima ah tsoorah -e h 'te h oh ke e

sh i ta mah 'sh’

tah

It’sch e ap e r (de are r) Ome tta yom

’

yasut’

ohmoh t'tah yoh

're e

th an I th oug h t (takai) yah soo’e e (tah ki

'

)Th is is native made Kore wa wasoi koh ’

re h wah wah -say’

Th at is importe d Aro wa bakurd i do ah're h wah h ah koori ’ de h

g e zaimasii g oh-zi -mah

’ s ’

Th is is a still Keno h e wa,nae koh

’noh h oh wah , nah

’oh

be tte r one yore sh t’

u g e zai yoh-roh -sh e e ’

oo g oh-zi

masrft mah’ s ’

[se nIt won ’ t do at all Te tome thomason toh te h 'moh e e ke hmah '

I must h ave it Nakt‘

icha narant‘

i nah 'k’ch ah nah rah '

n’

Eng lish . J apane se (romaniz e d ) . Pronunciat ion .

I' will assume th e Watakdsh i wa sono wah tah ’k

’

sh e e wah soh '

liability sol n'

nt'

n we fntan noh se h ke e ’ne e n woh

sh imasii foo'tah n sh e emah 's

’

I want sample s no mikon g a me e’h oh n ngah e e

of . im’

masiz re emah 's’

I want some sam Milton g a irimaszi me e'h oh n ngah e e re e

ple s [stock mah ' s ’

We h ave none in 0 aint’

ku -sama oh i -ne e'koo-sab 'mah

Th e g oods are in Nime tszi wa mikon ne emoh 'ts’wah me e

'h oh n

fe rior to sample g em:warut’

yoh-re c wah roo'e e

Sh ow me se v e ral Ire -ire no mogo we e e'roh -e e

’roh noh moh

patte rns mise te morai tai yoh'woh me e se h ’

te h

moh ri -ti '

Wh e n can you Ch dmen sureba i tsii ch oo'moh n soore h 'bah

de live r if I g ive g ore sh ina-mene e c'ts ’

g oh're h sh e e 'nah

you an orde r ? we watash imasz’i moh'noh woh wah tah

ka ? sh e emah's

’

kah

I cannot g ive you Chamen suru kote ch oo'moh n soo

'roo koh '

an orde r g a dokt’

nai toh g ah de h ke eni'

I wish to cance l Chame n we te ri ch oo'moh n woh toh '

re e

th e orde r kosh‘

t tai mon’

dost? ke h -sh’ti' moh n

’ doh' s ’

We will consult Milton we morattome e -h oh n woh moh rah t'

afte r re ce iving kara, se'

dan tta te h kab 'rah , se h’dah n

sample s skimaske'

e e tah sh e emash e h '

You must come Z d tto 0 make nasai dzoot'toh oh mah 'ke h

down a g re at de al nah si ’

I can ’ t come down Makamlmason mah kah re emah 'se n

I can ’ t buy at th at Sane nodan do wa sch 'nob ne h ’dah n de h

figure kawaro nai wah kah wah re h ni

Wh at is your Kotoboka no te ke ro ke h t-ch ah'koo noh toh

bottom price wa, ikura made koh

'roh wah , e e koo

'rah

makarimasz‘

i ka ? mah 'de h mah kah re e

mah 's ’

kah

Have th e g oods Isoide nt'

me tsii we e e soy'de h ne emoh ’

ts’woh

sh ippe d at once fune ni tsumi foo'ne h ne e tsoo

'me e

dasanakoroba na dah sah nah ke h -re h 'bah

m’

mason nah re emah 'se n

Have you sh ippe d Nime tsz’

i we funo ne emoh’ts

’

woh foo'ne h

th e goods ? ni tsami -dash tta ne e tsoo'me e -dah ’

sh’

tah

ka kah

Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciat ion .

Th e se g oods must Do'

ka ke no mono we doh 'kah koh'noh moh

’noh

be care fully minna yoku ki woh m e e n’nah yoh

'koo

packe d we -tsukoto ni -dzu ke e -woh -tsooke h'te h ne e

kurt'

sh ite e -kuro dzookoo’re e sh e e

'te h oh

koo're hPut th is mark on Hake ni ke no ski h ah

'koh ne e koh 'noh

th e boxe s rash t we tsukoto s‘

h e e roo’sh e e woh tsoo

e kuro ke h ’te h oh -koo’

re h

Th e boxe s must be Hake no naka ni h ah 'koh noh h ab'kah ne e

tin-line d barikkt'

we h ard boore e k’ke e woh h ah

nakoroba ikonat'

rah nah ke h -re h ’bah e e

[de sz’

l ke h ni ’

[de b' s ’

Trade is dull Sho'

bai wa f u-kot'

ki sh oh'bi wah foo-kay

'ke e

Trade is g ood Kot'

kt'

g a it n’

dosii kay’ke e g ah oe n

’

de b' s ’

He h as be come Ane h‘

t to wa sh in ab ’h ob sh

’

toh wah sh e e n

bankrupt dai -kag im’

nt'

na di’-kah -ng h e e

're e ne e

r imash t’

ta nah re e -mah 'sh’

tah

Th e re are some Kanjo nt'

ire -ire kah nje h'ne e e e

’roh -e e

’

e rrors in th e mach ig ai g a ara roh mah -ch e e -ng h i’

gah

account ah 'roo

You h ave ove r Omag e wa taiso ohmah ’

ye h wah ti—se h 'ch arg e d m e kako-no we tsu kah 'ke h -ne h woh tsoo

kota no ke h 'tah ne h

Th is is a cle rical Kore wakanjoekt’

g ai koh’re h wah kah nje h

'

e rror dost? ch e e -ng h t"de h

’s

’

I h ave de ducte d th e Maoh igatta bun we mah -ch e e -ng ah t’tah boon

e rrors h ikimash t’

ta woh h e e ke emah’sh

’

tah

I t ismore th anwas Hajime no ktmoyom’

h ah je e'me h noh ke e

'me h

arrang e d takai yoh’re e tah ki '

I want a de taile d Ke no kanjowe botsw koh'noh kah njoh

'woh

account botsu nt’

wake te , be h 'tsoo-be h 'tsoo ne e

saimt'

tsa ni kaito wah ke h’te h , si -me e

'tsoo

moraitai ne e ki'te h moh -mi tt"

He re is a ch e que Ke no ko-

g t’

tto,wa koh 'noh koh -ng h e e t

'te h

for th e amount kanjo zumi ni wah kah nje h’ dzoo

'me e

of your account watasu ne e wah tah’soo

Se nd in our ac Kanjo-

g akiwe okutto kah njoh -ngah’ke e woh

count kudasai oh -koot’te h koodah si

'

Will you acce pt Kawase -togatawa do kah wah’se h -te h -ng ah

’tah

bill ? dosh e .

3 wah doh de h'sh oh

Ch anging Mone y . (Hg ég d e )Eng lish . J apane se (romanize d ) . Pronunciat ion .

Wh e re is th e re a Rye‘

g ao-

ya wa dooh i re e -e h’-ng ah—e h -

yah wah

mone y-ch ang e r

’s? m do g e zaimasii ? doh -ch e e ’rah de h goh

zi -mah 's

’

Can'

you g ive me Kano wa rg e‘

g ao g a kah'ne h wah re e -e h

’ng ah

ch ang e ? dokimasii ka f e h g ah de h -ke emah 's’

kah

Ye s, sir ; wh at Hai , dokima’

sii . Do h i , de h de h

ch ang e do you in kano to tori se -e e’ kah 'ne h toh toh '

wish ? kaomasho ka ? re e kah e hmah sh oh ’ kah ?

Will you g ive m e Nih e n no kano we ne e'h oh n noh kah 'ne h

Japane se mone y? e -kuro woh oh -koo're hP l ease g ive m e 10 Nip p on Ginko no ne e p

'

p oh n g h e e nkoh'noh

ye n Bank of j iu yon satsii we jew ye n sah'ts

’

woh oh

Japan note s e -kwre koo're hGive me th e amount Taka sh i te tah 'kah sh ’

te h '

e -km‘

o oh -koo’re h

Ch ang e th is into Kore we komakai koh 're h woh kohmah ki '

small mone y, zeni to tori -kaote ze h ’ne e toh toh re e -kah

ple ase kadasai ch' tob koodah si ’

Will you cash th is Ke no ko g itte we koh -noh koh -ng h e e t'te h

ch e que for me tori-kaotokudasai woh toh ’re e -kah -e h ’

te h

masii ka ? koodah si -mah ’ s ’

kah ?

Wh at is th e rate Ig irisu to no ka e e -ng h e e re e'soo toh noh

of e xch ang e on waso soba-

wa kah wah'se h soh ’bah wah

Eng lish mone y donarimasw? de h nah re emah ’s

’

Pl e ase ch ang e m e Ig irisw no g inko e e -ng h e e re e'soo noh

an Eng lish bank sh ih e i we te ri g h e e nkoh'-sh e e h ay

'woh

note kaote kudasaimaszft toh’re e -kah -e h

’te h koo

ka ? dah simah ’s

’

kah

A l O-

ye n Bank of Nip p on Ginko no ne e p'

p oh n g h e e nkoh’noh

Japan note jin yon satsw je w yen sah ' ts ’

A ch e qu e Ke -

g itte koh -ng h e e t'te h

A bill of e xch ang e Kawase -tog ata kah wah'se h te h -ngah

'tah

Le tte r of cre dit S h inyo-j e

'

sh e e n-

yoh'-joh

Banke r ’ s orde r Ginko no sh i -harai g h e e nkoh’noh sh e e -h ah

[tal ) jé ri'

johMone y orde r (p os a in -kawase yoo

'be en-kahwah

’Se h

Te le g raph ic draft Dons/i in-kawase de n 'sh e e n-kah wah ’

se h

LONG MEASURE.

10 win 1 bu in . (g in . )10 bu 1 sun ( l i in . )

Sh aka r10 sun

l

kanosh akht in . (ne arly 1 foot)6 sh aku : l ken (ne arly 2 yds. )10 1 75 (ne arly 10 ft.)60 ken (ne arly) 1 oho yds. (about 120yds. )36 cho 1 Ti mile s

For nautical me asureme nts , th e kai -m’

, wh ich e qual s th eEurope an g e ograph ical mile , is now in g e ne ral use ; wh ilst forindicating th e de pth of wate r, th e h ire (about 5 ft. ) is employe d .

SUPERFIC IAL ( LAND) MEASURE .

1 tsubo about 36 sq . ft.

30 1 so sq . yds.

10 so 1 tan 1186 (ove r 1} acre )10 tan 1 ch o

‘

acre s (2 a. 1 r . 32 p . )Th e tsnbo is th e common unit of me asureme nt .

MEASURE OF CAPAC ITY.

10 sai l sh akw p int10 shaku : 1 go

“

about é; pint10 9 5 1 sh e 32pints10 sh e

”

1 to 4 g allons10 to 1 koka

Th is me asure is employe d for g rain and liquids . Th e sh e”

e qual s (about two-fifth s) of a g allon. Th e ke ku is employe dfor me asuring junks, and is e qual to about 4-27th s of a ton

(ne arly 3 or 21} p iculs. (1 p icul 100 kin.)

POSTAGE.

Th e postal rate s f rom Japan to th e Unite d Kingdom are as

followsFor Le t t e rs 10 se n p e r

‘5 oz.

'

Postcard s 4 sen

Ne ws p ap e rs (ordinary) 2 se n

Japan ,from th e Unite d Kingdom :

Le t t e rs 25 1. p e r g oz.

Postcard s 1d .

N e w s p ap e rs 4d. p e r lb.

COMPAN ION VOLUME S

industaniBY CAPT . C . A . THIMM .

[In Romanize d Ch aracte rs ] With Eng l ish P h one tic P ronunciation.

Hindustani Te xt Re vise d by P ro fe ssor] . F . B lumh ard t ,M .A

(Profe ssor of H industani at th e London Unive rsity) .Containing Vocabu larie s Conve rsations ; Col loquial and Idiomatic

Ph rase s ; Trave l Talk ; Naval , Mi litary , L e gal , J udicial , Re ligious, Comme rcial , Sh ooting and Fish ing Te rms Indian Title s, Caste s and Se rvants;

Tabl e s of Mone y , We ig h ts and Me asure s, 65 0 .

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I t is sufiicie nt to say th at th is cle ar and concise litt le work on Hindustani isw e ll up to t h e h ig h standard of t h ose wh ich h ave pre ce d e d it th e book sh ouldprove of th e gre at e st value to trav e lle rs, sold ie rs , trad e rs and oth e rs wh o wish tose cure a re ady g rasp of colloquial Hindustani , as w e ll as to stud e nts.

” -Tho S tate sman , Ca lcut ta .

Anyone g oing to India for th e first tim e , would b e gre atly bene fite d by studyingth is book ."—Th o Z onana .

“ It is surprising w h at a numbe r of words, brie f se nt e nce s, and information th eauth or h as contrive d to bring tog e th e r, to compre ss, and to arrang e with in a smallcompass in ord e r to make e asy th e way of th ose d e sirous of acquiring som e use fuland available knowle d g e of Hindustani . We can re comm e nd th e book to th ose forw h om it is int e nd e d .

”—Th e Lance t.

industaniBY CAPT . C . A . THIMM .

Re vise d by SHAMS ’

UL’ULAMA SAYYID ’

ALI BILGRAMI, l l .A'

.

Cantab. , LL .B . , Assoc . R . S .M . London,

In four p arts. I . A S imp lifie d Grammar , Al p h abe t , Rul e s of Grammar.

and Parts of Sp e e ch , &c. II . Exe rcise s and Examination Pap e rs, R e ading Le ssons

,w ith Translations. I II . Th e Ve rnacular

,Hindustani

P e nmansh ip , Ph rase s , Extracts from Classical (Urdu) Auth ors. IV.

Ke y and Dictionary of E ve ry-day Words , 85 0 .

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Th e e sse ntial points and rul e s of Hindustani Grammar are admirably sh own ina concise and simple form .

”—Mad rasMai l .

Young ofli ce rs aspiring for promine nt positions in th e Indian se rvice , and oth e rscannot do be t t e r th an make a not e of it .

"—Th o E ng lishman.

Th e wh ole book h as be e n care fully drawn up , and se ems e xce lle ntly sui te d toproduce th e be st practical re sult s.

” Glasg ow H e ra ld .

HINDUSTANI SELF-TAUGHT GRAMMAR.

Th e two books bound in one volum e . Crown 8vc . , re d cloth , 5 /

London : E. MARLBOROUGH Cc . , Publish e rs, 5 1, Old Bail e y, E.0.

COMPANION VOLUME S

rsian J'

e

BY SHEYKH HASAN .

With Eng lish P h one tic P ronunciation . Containing Th e Pe i'sian Al p h abe t ,Translite ration and P ronunciation ; Out line of Grammar w ith P e rsian

Ch aract e rs ; Classifie d Vocabu larie s and Conve rsat ions ; Trave l Talk ;Trade and Comm e rce ; P ost Office and Corre sp onde nce ; I llustration of

th e P e rsian Coinag e P e rsian Handwriting ; Th e Num e rals,Mon e y (with

Eng lish and Am e rican valu e s) , We ig h ts and M e asure s.

Crown 8vo. , 96 p p . , b lu e w rap p e r , 2 / re d cloth ,Th e simple way in wh ich it d e als with th is d ifficult and be aut iful languag e is

little sh ort of wond e rful . W h i lst not d isre g ard ing th e value of Pe rsian h andwritingand ch aract e rs, w e g e t a Romaniz e d P e rsian w ith h one t ic pronunciat ion , wh i chce rtainly land s th e use r ve ry close u p to t h e orig in words and sounds, 1f th e se b ecare ful ly studi e d .

” —D a i ly T e l e g rap h and D e ccanH e ra ld Ind i a .

ane se mar (fough t,BY H . J . WEINTZ .

[In Roman Ch aracte rs ] In th re e p arts. I . Grammar and Syntax ,withP ronunciation , Native J ap ane se ch aracte rs, &c . I I . Exe rcise s and

Extracts . 1 . Exe rcise s for Translation, with Ke y . 2 . Re ading Exe rcise s,w ith P ronunciation and Translation . 3 . J ap an e se E xtracts , w ith Ke y .

I II . Vocabu larie s (alp h abe tical ) , J ap an e se -E ng l ish and Eng lish -J ap ane se ,Mone y , We ig h ts and Me asure s .

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J APANESE SELF-TAUGHT GRAMMAR. One

RussianBY C . A . THIMM AND J . MARSHALL .

With Eng lish P h one tic P ronunciation . Containing Vocabularie s of wordsin g e n e ral use ; E le me ntary Grammar ; Col loquial and Idiomat ic Ph rase s ;Trav e l Talk ; Cycling , P h otograp h ic , Sh ootin

g, Fish ing , Naval , Mi litary,

Comme rcial and Trading Te rm s and Conve r. ations ; Table s of Mone y,

(w ith illustration of Russian Coinag e ) , We ig h ts and Me asure s .

(Th ird Ed it ion) . Crown 8 110 134 p p . , b lue w rapp e r , 2/ re d cloth ,

Russian is a notoriously d ifficul t lang uag e to l e arn , but th e st ud e nt w i ll findmany of th e d ifficultie s wh ich be se t th e be g inne r r emov e d by th e lit tle work be foreus.

” Uni te d S e rvice Gaze tte .

Th is exce lle nt manual w ill b e of h ig h ut ility to al l int e re st e d in th e study Of

Russian . Th e value or such study for purpose s of comme rce , and its importance tot h ose conn e ct e d With th e g ove rnme nt of our Ind1an Emp l re , are now re cogniz e d .

"

N otos and Que r ie s.

London : E . MARLBOROUGH Cc . , Publ ish e rs, 5 1, Old Bai le y,

MARLBOROUGH’

S

In FOUR LANGUAGE8

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“

Containing Trave l Not e s (Custom s , Cycling , Motoring , &c. , Tab l e s of Money;Pronunciation ; Classifie d Conv e rsations. Subje cts arrang e d A lph abe tically ; th eNum e rals ; We ig h ts and M e asure s ; Wash ing List ; Compre h e nsive D ict ionary ofWords in Dai ly Use .

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Ch art e ring V e sse ls , Table s of Mone y, W e ig h ts and Me asure s.

FOURLanguag e s, in one vol . (F ront E d g e s Coloure d tod enote e ach Lang uag e ) 5 s .

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GERMAN ENGLISH. SPANISH ENGLISH.

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”—BRITI SH TRADE J 0 URNAL

Marlborough’

sSeriesof ForeignTechnicalManuals.FRENCH TECHNICAL WORDS PHRASES .

A n Eng l is h -Fre nch and Fre nch -Eng l ish Dict ionary .

Containing Te ch nical and Busine ss Te rms and Ph rase s use d‘

in Comme rce . Arts,Scie nce s, Profe ssions and Trad e s. With an Appe nd ix of Table s ofMone y, We ig h ts

and Me asur e s.

Br J . A . STANDRING AND C . A . THIMM .

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A most use ful p ublication .

"—TRE CHAMBER or COMMERCE J OURNAL .

GERMAN TECHNICAL WORDS PHRASES .

An Eng l is h -Ge rman and Ge rman-E ng l ish D ict ionary .

UNIFORM WITH THE ABOVE .

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Ev e ry busin e ss man w h o is in touch wi th Ge rmany w il l find i t w orth wh il e to p osse ss a

cop y .—PAGE ’

S WE EKLY .

London : E . MARLBOROUGH Cc . , Pub lish e rs, 5 1, Old Baile y , E .C.

M ARLBOROUGH'

S S ELF-TAUGHT S ERIES .

—No. lax- J APANES E GRAMMAR.

( IN ROMAN CHARACTER . )

CONTENTS .

I .

—GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX . With Pronunciation, Native

Jap ane se Ch arac te rs, e tc .

I I .

—EXERCISES AN D EXTRACTS .

I . Exe rcise s for translation,with Ke y.

2 . Re ading Exe rc ise s, with Pronunciation and Translation.

3 . Jap ane se Extracts, with Ke y.

I II .

—VOCABULARIE S Japane se—Eng lish . Eng lish -Japane se .

MONEY, WE IGHTS AND MEASURES .

H . J . W E IN T Z .

S ECOND EDITION.

LONDON

MARLBOROUGH Co .

, 5 1 , OLD BA ILEY, E e .

1 90 7.

.[ ALL RIGHT S RE SE RVE D .]

NOTE TO SECOND EDITION.

Th e proposal to issue a se cond volume Of Japane se unde r

t h e title of “ Japane se Se lf-Taug h t ,”1 e i

'

e rre d to in th e Pre faceOf th is book—se e opp osite pag e—h as now be come an ae com

p lish e d fact, and in th e new volume th e Publish e rs h ave

carrie d ou t th e ide a Of issuing a conve rsational ph rasebook , consisting Of th e classifie d se nte nce s in Eng lishand Japane s e comprising Part II . Of th e first e dition Of“ Japane se Grammar S e lf Taug h t, tog e th e r with a larg e

numbe r of classifie d Vocabularie s . Th roug h out th e work th epronunciation of th e Japane s e words h as be en adde d in

accordance with Marlboroug h’ s we ll-known and popular

system of ph one tics , so th at e ach pag e is arrang e d in

t h re e columns, vi z ., th e Eng lish ,

Japane se (romanize d) andth e ph one tic pronunciation re sp e ctive ly.

Th e space th us se t at libe rty In th e Grammar h as be e nfi lle d by ins e rting th re e new se ctions of us e ful Exe rcise s , asfollowsA . Ex e rcis e s for translation, in Eng lish and Japane se

alte rnate ly, with Ke y.

B . Re ading Exe rcise s, inte rline d with th e Eng lish p h o

ne tic pronunciation, and with Ke y.

C. Additional Extracts (sh ort) from Japane se works , w1thtranslation .

Th e Exe rcise s for translation (se ction A) consist of conve rsational se nte nce s Of amost practical and use ful ch aracte r,and both th e Exe rcise s prope r and th e Ke y may be use d fortranslation , e ach forming th e ke y to th e oth e r .

For th is new matte r th e Publish e rs are inde bte d to Mr.

J . Fife Mortime r, wh o for many ye ars h as made a spe cialstudy of th e Japane se languag e and lite rature .

Th e two works now form “a ve ry compre h e nsive and

use ful manual Of th e Japane se lang uag e , for stude nts ,“comme rCIal m en and trade rs , missionarie s , trave ll e rs and

tour1sts (Se e Pre face ,“ Japane se S e lf Taug h t . Th e y

may be Obtaine d bound tog e th e r in one volume , entitle dJapane se Se lf Taug h t and Grammar .

”

London, 1907.

wh e n studie d in th e Roman ch aracte r ; th e want of a re ally

practical g rammar on mode rn line s h as probably g iye n rise to

th e ide a re fe rre d to. Th e Syntax ce rtainly is formidable to a

Europe an , as it is quite diff e rent from anyth ing me t with in

We ste rn languag e s , but Syntax is of ve ry minor importance

in Jap ane se—at l e ast as re gards making one’ s -se lf unde rstood .

A Japane se would be quite inte ll ig ible in Eng land if h e

said I to sh Op we nt , a book to buy, and vice ve rsd an

Eng lishman would conve y h is m e aning e qually we ll by a

similar distortion of a Japane se sente nce , e spe cially as th e

languag e itse lf is h ig h ly e lliptical , th us accustoming Japane sepe ople to re adily infe r me aning s from conte xt , &c.

Th e simp licity of th e language is sh own by such factsas th at th e re is only one p e rson in e ach te nse—no concord

(of. Fre nch , and e spe cially Ge rman)—no long lists of

e xce ptions to rule s,—only two irre g ular ve rbs of common

occurre nce ,—and th at it is p ure ly p hone tic (a most importantpoint) . Th e Auth or spe aks advise dly in stating th at one can

mak e h imse lf pe rfe ctly unde rstood afte r far le ss tim e spe nt instudy th an is ne ce ssary in th e case of any Europe anlang uag e . Of course , to attain anyth ing approach ingsyntactical accuracy, a much long e r cours e of study is ne ce ssary th an for obtaining an e qual de g re e of proficiency inFre nch

, Ge rman or Spanish .

Th e Grammar h as be en compile d from th e Auth or’ snote s, accumulate d during manyye ars

’

e xpe rience in pre paringcandidate s for e xaminations , e tc. , and much of th e matte rintroduce d h as be e n sug g e ste d by th e que stions and th e

difficultie s of pupils . No attempt h as be e n made to discuss

ve rb -roots , arch aic forms , and oth e r matte rs inte re sting toph ilolog ists , but of no value to anyone taking up th e studyfor practical purpose s . Th e Vocabularie s and Conv e r

sational Ph rase s are th e outcome of a ve ry g re at amount

of time and care , be stowe d on th em with th e obje ct of

e nsuring comple tene ss and accuracy in supplying th e words

5

and p h rase s in actual use . Th e sentence s are not me relite ral translations from th e Eng lish , but are th ose wh ichwould be use d by a Japane se unde r similar circumstance s .Th e y are , in fact , not Eng lish -Japane se , but J ap anese

J ap ane se , and in compiling th em th e Auth or“

h as h ad th e

advantag e of th e cc -ope ration of native linguists and oth e rs .Th e l ite ral translation of Japane se sente nce s , in nume rousinstance s th roug h out th e book , will afford valuable assistance in synth e tical construction , and will be found to

l end conside rable inte re st to th e study of th e lang uag e , byre ve aling th e quaint and primitive nature of th e nativemanne r of putting ide as tog e th e r.

Th e wh ole structure of th e languag e is quite alie n to

anyth ing found in Europe . In Ge rman , Fre nch and Spanish ,

for e xampl e , th e e quivale nts for g ive me ,”viz. , Ge ben S ic

mir , donne z-moi , and déme , re spe ctive ly, may be take n as

mode l s , or forms wh ich h old g ood for any noun wh ich may beaffixe d . Not so in Japane se ; an e quivale nt for g ive me

”

cannot be isolate d as it forms part of th e conte xt , and

similarly with oth e r e xpre ssions .

Th e gre ate st care h as b e e n take n to e nsure th at all th e

words found in th e vocabularie s are strictly conve rsational ,so th at th e stude nt will l e arn to employ th e words in ordinary

use , and will not be l e d into tre ating h is Japane se h e are rs

to such comicalitie s as Conde scend to demonstrate th e

route to inste ad of “ P le ase te ll m e th e way

Many diale cts are spoke n in Japan, as in most countrie s,and ye t th e standard lang uag e is e ve rywh e re unde rstood

and spoken also, and anyone wh o care fully studie s and

maste rs th e contents of th is book, may re st assure d th at h e

can trave l anywh e re in Japan and make h imse lf unde rstood

wh e re ve r h e may go.

With re gard to p ronunciation, romanize d Japane se is so

pure ly ph one tic th at it h as not be e n found ne ce ssary to

introduce a th ird and ph one tic column in th e Conve rsations

6

and Vocabularie s in th is volume (se e Parts II . and but

with th e few simple rule s of pronunciation state d and

e xemplifi e d in th e e arly pag e s, and be aring in mind th at,with few e xce ptions, e ach le tte r h as only one sound , th atth at sound ne v e r varie s, and th at e v e ry l e tte r in e ach

word must be distinctly sounde d , th e stude nt will re adilyacquire facility of spe e ch in th e languag e . Out of th e

words (about) in th e vocabularie s , th e re are only four wh ichpre sent any dive rg e ncy from th e rule s , and only two in th e

wh ole of th e ph rase s, and in th e se case s I h ave note d th ede viation and supplie d an imitate d pronunciation .

Th e sh ort e xtracts from Jap ane se auth ors wh ich are

included , with lite ral and fre e translations , se em commonplace and pue rile to Eng lish eye s , but th e y are th oroug h lytypical of th e matte r found in th e few nove ls in th e languag e .

Fiction is be ne ath th e notice of e ducate d re ade rs and write rs ,but th e re are signs indicating th at it will be cultivate d in th ene ar future , and th at a call will be made for translations ofth e le ading Eng lish nove ls .

Students, Naval* , Military, and oth e r Profe ssional andComme rcial me n, Trave lle rs and Tourists , will find th isManual of th e g re ate st se rvice , wh e th e r as a practical g uideto th e Lang uag e , or as a Conve rsational Ph rase -book fore ve ry

-day ne e ds .

H. J . WEINTZ .

Sh ip ley,

Th e Admiralty ofie r sp e cial p rivil e g e s and induceme nts to

office rs in th e Royal Navy to STUDY J AP ANE SE .

8 CONTENTS .

P AGESYNTAX , e tc . (p ag e s 84 to

Conve rsat IOnal Se nte nce s for AnalysisJ ap ane se P rov e rbs for Analysis .

Extracts from J ap ane se Writ e rs (romanize d)THE SYLLABARY , in Native Ch aracte rs

Ru le s for Translite rationE xamp le s of Translite ration

PART I I .

EXERCISES AND EXTRACTS .

(P ag e s 1 03 to

EXE RCISE S FOR TRANSLATION into Eng lish and J ap ane se ,with Vocabularie s

KEY to th e Exe rcise sREADING EXERCISE S w ith inte rlin e d P ronunciation and

wi th N ote s

KEY to Re ading Exe rcise sADDITIONAL EXTRACTS z

1 . Uguisu

2 . Sake to Kit e wa . 3 Ha Bakari . 4. D o iu wake d e ?

5 . Sh inkwa-ron6 . Mitsu-m e Nyiidd . 7. Gijo no Ich ith aran8 . Um e no .Hana . 9 . Kyfi-

y6

TRAN SLATION of E xtracts1 . Th e Nigh tingal e . 2 . Th e Lost Windfall3 . N oth ing but Le ave s . 4. Th e Use s of Doubt5 . Th e Doctrin e of E volution6 . Th e Th re e e ye d Friar . 7. A P arliam e ntary8 . Th e P lum -b lossoms . 9 . A Matte r of Urg e ncy

PART III .

VOCABULARIE S . (ALPHABE TICAL . )(P ag e s 1 29 to

J ap ane se -Eng lish

E ng lish -J ap an e se

MONEY , WE I HTS ME ASURE S , p ag e s 179 and 180.

Inde x to Part I .

J APANES E GRAMMAR S ELF-TAUGHT

Part I. GRAMMAR, S YNTAX, Etc .

Th e Syllabary, Pronunciation, Acce nt .

THE S YLLABARY .

Th e native ch aracte rs use d for writing th e Japane se lan

g uag e are comprise d in two alph abe ts te rme d Syllabarie s,”

-th e Katakana, wh ich consists of th e remnants of fortyse ve n Ch ine se square ch aracte rs , and th e Hirag ana, wh ich iscompose d of a numbe r of cursive forms of Ch ine se symbols .Both of th em diffe r e ntire ly from any Europe an alph abe tand mode of writing , so th at th e ir acquisition at th e com

menceme nt of th e study of th e lang uag e would re ally prove ah indrance to th e student ’ s prog re ss . It is quite possible toobtain a th oroug h knowle dg e of th e spoke n languag e th roughth e me dium of th e Roman ch aracte rs , and , h av1ng gaine d an

insig h t into th e g rammatical pe culiaritie s , th e student cane asily transpose th e Romanize d ch aracte rs into e ith e r of th e

two native Syllabarie s , wh ich may th en be memorize d in a

fe w h ours .*

In Japane se th e re are no s e parate le tte rs, as th e se are

unde rstood in Europ e an lang uag e s, e ach of th e ch aracte rsof th e syllabarie s virtually re pre se nting a syllable ; n final ,wh ich h as a symbol to itse lf , forming th e one e xce ption .

Each syllable is compose d of a vowe l pre ce de d by one of

th e consonants—k (or 9 , se e p . s, (z or j) , t (d) , n , h

(b or p ) , m, y, r,w . Th us , e ve ry syllable is suppose d to

te rminate with a vowe l , and usually doe s so ; e .g .,ka-

ga ,

g a-ku, i -ka-nga

-sh i -i . Th e e xce ptions occur principally infore ign words , or are produce d by contractions .Th e following table e xh ibits th e syllable s of th e Japane se

languag e in th e Roman ch aracte r, and arrang e d according towh at is te rme d th e Go-j iu-on , or fifty sounds .

For th e Syll abarie s in th e native ch aracte r se e p ag e s 96, 97.

10 SYLLABARY , PRONUNCIATION , ACCENT.

THE SYLLABARY .

VOWEL SYLLABLE S .

CONSONAN T SYLLABLE S .

By le arning th e nine consonants k, s, t , n , h , m, y, r , and

w,tog e th e r with th e five consonantal softening s g , z, d , b

and p , th e Syllabary 1s re adily committe d to memory.

12 SYLLABARY ,PRONUNCIATION ACCENT.

Th e consonants h ave th e same , or ne arly th e same , soundsre spe ctive ly as in Eng lish , with th e e xce ption of th e

following

R,r' .—In th e syllabic ri

, th e r is pronounce d“

somewh atlike th e Eng lish d ; th at is, in its articulation th e tip of th e

tong ue touch e s th e roof of th e mouth at th e same point as inpronouncing th e l e tte r r itse lf, but with th e substitution of

th e d sound . In th e oth e r syllabics r more re semble s th eEng lish r

, but in none of th em is th e tril l so de cide d as in,

say, Scotch ,Fre nch , or Ge rman .

H, h , and F, f , are re garde d as ide ntical in Japane se,and

th e ir pronunciation is somewh at similar . In pronouncingf , th e lowe r lip doe s not quite com e in contact with th e

uppe r te e th , but remains at about th e same distance fromth em as in pronouncing wh in th e word wh en .

G , g , at th e comme nceme nt of a word h as th e h ard soundof g in th e Eng lish g o, g ain , or g um ; in all oth e r positionslik e ng in sing e r . [Ph one tic Sign

“ng in Roman type ;

se e p .

T , t , and D , d ,are pronounce d as in Italian ; th at is, th e

tip of th e tong ue is broug h t into contact w ith th e uppe rte e th ,

inste ad of touch ing th e front part of th e roof of th e

mouth . With th e majority of Japane se sp e ake rs no p e r

ce p tibl e’

diffe re nce is made be twe e n zu and dzu.

Ye .—In th is syllable th e y is mute in most words , and is

some time s omitte d in th e Roman ch aracte r . In some wordsy 1s use d as a vowe l in place of i (se ) .

N at th e e nd of syllabl e s and words is like th e Fre nchnasal n , i . e .

, somewh at Similar to ng in th e Eng lish th ing or

th e n in bank.

Th e syllabics ga, za, da , &c. , printe d in italics in th e

Syllabary, all comme nce with sof tene d consonants , and are

re g arde d by th e Japane se me re ly as modifications Of th e

syllabics commencing with h ard consonants in th e line simme diate ly pre ce ding th em , and not as diffe re nt “syllable s .

NOTE —In th e native ch aracte rs th is distinction is re p re se nte d byp lacing a diacritic S ign by th e Side of th e h ard-consonantsymbol ; th us ka accomp anie d by th e Sign is re ad ga, sh i isre ad j i , and so on .

SYLLABARY , PRONUN CIATION , ACCENT. 13

Th e modification of a h ard into th e corre sponding softconsonant ofte n occurs in th e formation of de rivative s andcompounds , so th at th is ch ang e (wh ich with th e diacriticsign , is te rm e d nig ori, or impurity) , sh ould be care fully note d .

Wh e n a le tte r is double d it must be fully sounde d twic e ,as onna (pronounce d oh n-nah ) hatta (hah t-tah ) .

ACCENT.

Th e acce ntuation of Japane se words ismuch le ss prominentth an th at of Eng lish , th e various syllable s of th e same wordh aving an almost uniform de g re e of emph asis . Quicke ne d ,or Silence d , vowe l sounds fre quently re nde r prominent th eoth e r portions of th e word , but, as a g ene ral rule , th e stre ssis laid about e qually on e ach syllable . Th e sound of th e

word g ozarimasu , for e xample , is almost e ve nly emph asize d

g o-za-ri -mas’

, th e te rminal i t be ing ne arly inaudibl e , and th esyllable masu re ce iving but a ve ry slig h t acce nt , th e emph asisove r and above th e stre ss laid on th e oth e r th re e syllable sbe ing bare ly pe rce ptible .

(a) In words of two syllable s th e acce nt is, as a rule , on th e

first syllable , as h i'ro

,tsu

'ru .

EXCEPTIONS .—Wh e n th e vowe l sound of th e firs t syllable

is sh ort i or n, and wh e n a long or doubl e vowe lsound occurs in th e last syllable , th e acce nt is laidon th e last syllable , as sh ika

'

,tsiiki

’

, h iro'

, muse .

(b) In words of thre e syllable s th e acce nt is, as a rule , on

th e se cond syllable , as ara'sh i

,moto'mzl .

EXCEPTION .—Wh en th e second syllable is Sh ort , as i or

i t , th e first syllable be ars th e acce nt , unle ss th e finalsyllable h as a double (long ) vowe l sound ; in wh ichcase th e primary accent is laid on th e last syllable ,and a se condary (subordinate ) acce nt on th e first

,

as ta"i ra

'

,a

”tsilku

'ch i

’h il bo

'h il

(c) In p olysyllable s th e acce nt is 011 th e last syllable but

one , as Hakoda'te , Yokoh a

'ma.

EXCEPTION .—If th e last syllable but one contains 17 or

ii,th e acce nt is th rown back upon th e pre ce ding

syllable , as asa'

y’ita, Sh imo

'tsz

‘

l ke .

N.B .—Be ar in mind th at in all words acce nt g oe s to long

syllable s, and wh e ne ve r two such long syllable s come

14 SYLLABARY,PRONUNCIATION ,

ACCENT .

tog e th e r th ey are pronounce d with e qual stre ss . Example sKana’

g awa, aimasho’

, ho-to, sho-36.

N0TE .-In a ve ry few instance s of words writte n e xactly alike , but

w ith difie re nt m e aning s , th e re are diffe re nce s in p ronunciation

wh ich cannot be broug h t unde r a g e ne ral rul e , but must be

l e arne d by e xp e rie nce . Th e se difficultie s, h ow e ve r , ne e d not

troubl e th e stude nt , and th e p re ce ding rule s w ill suffice for all

ordinary ne e ds.

Examp l e s of Ph one tic Pronunciation,illus trating th e pre ce ding rule s .

Eng lish . Japane se . Pronunciation .

Oh 1

old ladyis g ood

g ood

liste ningprovincemoth e r-in-law

int e rpre te r

(an inte rje ction)Mis salre adysuitabl ech opsticksnew

one

me lon

a littletwo

sailorh arpadve rsitype rilousnot re turningmending (ve rb)fire brandpolite ne ss

mah

oh -bah ’ sah n

yoh-roh -sh e e '

e e

ke e ' tchsh oosh oo

'

tohme h

tsooj e ene h

ne h'sah n

moh

Soh -toh

h ah 'sh e e

ah -tah -rah'sh

’

ke e or

ah -tah -rah sh’

ke e

e e'ch e e

oo’re e

S’

koh’sh e e

f’

tah'-tsoo

se h n-doh

koh'toh

wah zah wah'e e

ah -

yah-oo

' sh e ekah -e h -rah

'dzoo

nah ’oh

' s ’

moh -'

ye h-koo

'e e

ray (re h'e e )

16 THE NOUN .

“ working -words,”

so nam e d on account of th e ir activity inassuming continual ch ang e of form . Th ey are infle cte d toe xpre ss mood , te nse , &c.

It will be se e n , th e n , th at in Japane se th e re are in re alitybut two classe s of words : (i . ) Uninfie cted words

,in

’

cluding NAand TENIWOHA , and (ii . ) Inf le cted words, HATABAKI -KOTOBAand it must be borne in mind by th e stude nt th at th e classification according to Europe an me th ods into nouns ,pronouns , adve rbs , &c.

—adopte d in th is work,is for h is own

convenie nce in study, and is not th e native mode of de alingwith th e languag e .

THE ARTICLE .

Th e Japane se lang uag e h as no Articl e , de finite or inde fi

nite th us , otoko signifie s indiffe re ntly“ th e man,

” “a man

,

”

“ man.

D efini tene ss may, h owe ve r , be e xpre sse d by pe riph rasis .Th us , wh ilst in Eng lish

“ th e le tt e r ” signifie s a particularobje ct wh ich h as be e n th e subje ct of conve rsation pre viously,to expre ss th e ‘

same ide a in Japane se it is ne ce ssary to use

some such p e riph rase as“ l e tte r just mentioned,

” “ le tte r Iwrote ,

” “ le tte r broug h t now.

THE NOUN .

Th e Noun h as no infle ction to mark g e nde r, numbe r, or

case . In oth e r words, th e re IS no de clension .

Ge nd e r.

(1) Name s of inanimate objects are ne ute r , as in Eng lish .

(2) In g e ne ral no distinction is made be twe e n th e mas

culine and feminine . Th us muma signifi e s indiffe re ntly“ h orse ”

or“ mare ”

; dori , cock ”or

“ h en and th e se x

must be infe rre d from th e conte xt .

In a ve ry few case s , h owe ve r, diff e re nce in g ende r is

indicate d by th e use of diffe rent words , asotoko, man ; onna, woman ;musuko, son , boy ; musume

,daug h te r, g irl

ch ich i , fath e r haha,moth e r.

In some instance s , g e nde r is disting uish e d by p refixing 0

or on for th e mascu line , me or men for th e feminine as

on dori,a cock men dori

, a h e n ;o ush i , a bull ; me ush i , a cow .

THE NOUN 17

S imilarlyotoko no ho, a male ch ild ( lite rally, man-ch ild)onna no ho, a femal e ch ild (lit. , woman-ch ild) .

Numb e r.

Numbe r is indicate d by th e addition of pre fixe s and suffi xe s .Th us

,if it be de sire d to Spe cify only one particular th ing ,

th e nume ral for one , h i to, h i totsu , or ich i , is adde d to th e

name of th e th ing e ith e r as pre fix or suffix ; ash i to-hako, one box a box ;h on-h i totsu

,one book a book .

Ordinarily th e plural is not disting uish e d from th e sin

g ular, but plurality can be e xpre ss e d wh e n ne ce ssary by addingp ar ticle s such as domo, ra, g ata ,

sh it ( sh in) , or tach i to th e

s ingular, as

ninsolcu dome , cool ie s ; kodomo ra,ch ildren ;

yakunin gata , officials ; tomo dach i , frie nds ;hyakusho

‘

sh it , farme rs ; danna sh iu , maste rs .

yakunin tach i , office rs ;N OTE .

—Gata and tach i are use d to sh ow re sp e ct , wh i lst ra is

g e ne ral ly emp loye d in sp e aking to coolie s and m e nial se rvan ts.

P lurality is some time s e xpre sse d by re pe ating [

th e noun , as

tokoro,a place tokoro-dokoro* , place s ;

sh ina, an obje ct ; sh i'

rza-jina*, all kinds of obje cts

kuni , a country ; kuni -g uni*,all countrie s

kusuri , a m e dicine ; kusuri -g usuri* , all kinds ofme dicine s .

In most instance s th e se cond h alf of th e word take s th e nigori ,i . e .

,its initial consonant is softe n e d . (S e e p .

Case .

Case is e xpre sse d in Japane se by me ans of ce rtaint e rminations , calle d

“ postpositions , adde d to th e noun .

Th e se postpositions , so far as th e y e xte nd , answe r th e sam e

p urpose as th e Eng lish p rep ositions, or th e case -ending s of aLatin noun .

Examp le

Nom . Tori , or tori ya ,a bird .

“

Ge n . tori no, or tori ga , of a bird, or abird’ s .

Dat . tori ni , or tori ye , to a bird .

Acc . tori , or tori wo, a bird .

J apane se Grammar S e lf-Taug h t .

18 THE NOUN .

Voc. tori , or tori yo, O bird !Abl . tori ham , or tori yori , from a bird .

Loc. tori ui , at , to, or in a bird.

Ag e nt tori do, with,or byme ans of , abird .

N .B .

—Th e plural t e rminations are place d be twe e n th e

noun and. th e postpositions , as

Yakunin gata ui kip p u mo I sh owe d my ticke t to th emisemash ita. office rs .

(Li te rally/ f“ ticke t sh owe d . )

Clas s e s of Nouns .

As in most Europe an languag e s , nouns may be divide dinto P rimi tive , D e rivative , and Comp ound .

I . PRIMITIVE NOUNS .

Th e se are nouns wh ich cannot be re fe rre d to any rootb e ing roots in th emse lve s—th at is, th ey are unde composable ;as inu, dog ; te , h and ; haze , wind ; yama, mountain .

II . DERIVATIVE NOUNS .

Th e se are forme d from oth e r nouns , and also from adje c~

tive s and oth e r parts of spe e ch , by me ans of pre fixe s andsuffixe s . Th e y are divide d into Abstract , Augme ntative ,Diminutive , Concre te , and Ve rbal Nouns .

1 . Abstract Nouns.—Th e se are forme d ch ie fly from adje c

tive s by adding to th e stem -sa, wh ich is e quival e nt to th e

Eng lish -ne ss in brig h tne ss , h ap p iness, 85 0 . Th us,from tahai

,

h ig h , is forme d th e abstract noun takasa, h e ig h t ; wakasa,youth fulne ss (from u

~akai , young ) ; omosa , we ig h t (from omoi ,

h e avy) .True adje ctive s and some v e rbal form s , followe d by koto

(th ing , fact) , are also use d as compound abstract nouns , astaltai koto h e ig h t (lit . h ig h th ing )komaru koto

,anxie ty (lit. , troubl e th ing ) .

2 . Concre te Nouns —Compound concre te nouns may be

form e d by adding th e word mono, th ing , to adje ctive s and tosome ve rbal forms . Th us, urnai mono, de licacy, is form e d

from umai , de licious , and th ing ; ao mono, ve g e tabl e s , from

In th e lite ral translations th e P articl e s h ave not be e n include d .

Th e ir significations wil l be found in th e se ction on Particle s . (Se e p .

20 THE PRONOUN .

(d) A noun a ve rbal form , as

h i to-

gorosh i , a murde r ormurde re r , from h ito, pe rson,

and h orosu, to kill ;h i -ch ig ai , a lunatic, from h i , Sp irit , and p h igau, to be

wrong .

’

( e ) A ve rbal form a ve rbal form , as

kiyayo, a ch ang e of cloth ing , from kiru , to we ar,and kaye ru, to ch ang e ;

nukig aki , a synopsis , from nuku, to draw out, and

kahn, to write down .

NOTE In comp ound nouns th e se cond comp one nt usuallyre ce ive s th e nigori (se e p . Th us

,th e h of h ito is ch ang e d

into b in th e comp ound nusubito ; th e k of korosh i into 9 in

h ito-

gorosh i ; th e k of kaki into g in nuh i-gaki . (S e e 0 , d , and

e , above J

(2) Th e final vow e l of th e first comp one nt of a comp oundnoun is Ofte n ch ang e d . Th is ch ang e is most common in con

n e ction w ith th e l e tte r e , wh ich is re p lace d by a, as

sakate , drink-mone y , from sake , be e r , and te , h and

saka-oke , a sake (be e r) vat , from sake and oke ;kaza-d ep p d, an air-g un ,

from h aze and tep p O.

(3) As wil l be se e n subse que nt ly , ce rtain p arts of ve rbs and

adje ctive s are , for p urp ose s of syntax , re gard e d as nouns.

THE PRONOUN .

Pronouns in Japane se are for th e most part me re lynouns wh ich h ave in proce ss of time be come pronominal .Th e y are g roupe d tog e th e r in various class e s for th e diffe re ntde g re e s of re spe ct and polite ne ss wh ich form so prominent apart of th e g e ne ral cul ture of th e country .

Th e pronouns may be classifie d as P e rsonal,P osse ssive

,

D emonstrative , Inte rrogative , Indefinite , Re lative , Reflexi ve .

P e rsonal P ronouns .

1 . S INGULAR .