japanese period in the philippines

The Japanese Period (1941-1945)Philippine Literature

Historical Background• Philippine Literature was interrupted in its

development when Japan conquered Philippines

• Philippine literature in English came to a halt.• Almost all newspapers in English were

stopped by the Japanese except for the TRIBUNE and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW.

Historical Background• Brought an advantageous effect on Filipino

Literature, which experienced renewed attention because writes in English turned to writing in Filipino.

• Juan Laya, who used to write in English turned to Filipino because of the strict prohibitions of the Japanese regarding any writing in English.• The weekly LIWAYWAY was placed under strict surveillance until it was managed by a Japanese named Ishiwara.

Historical Background• In other words, Filipino literature was given a

break during this period. • Writers wrote:

– plays– Poems– short stories– etc.

• Topics and themes were often about life in the provinces.

A. Filipino Poetry During This Period

• Common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was:۰ Nationalism۰ Country۰ Love۰ Life in the barrios۰ Faith۰ Religion۰ Arts

Filipino Poetry During This Period

1. HAIKU

๏ a poem of free verse that the Japanese liked.

๏ It was made up of 17 syllables divided into

three lines.

๏ The first line had 5 syllables, the second, 7

syllables, and the third, five.

๏ The Haiku is allegorical in meaning, is short

and covers a wide scope in meaning.

3. KARANIWANG ANYO (Usual Form)

ᵜ Like those mentioned earlier in the beginning of

this book.

2. TANAGA

→ Like the HAIKU, is short but it had measure

and rhyme.

→ Each line had 17 syllables and is also

allegorical in meaning.

Types of poems emerged during this period:

HaikuBy Gonzalo K. Flores

DragonflyYou’re pulling a saber

The flowers shivered

When you approached

InvitationLonely grass

By the quiet river

Come, love.

.

DEFINITION

SaberNoun a heavy, one-edged sword, usually slightly curved, used especially by cavalry.

ACTIVITY

If you are given a chance to be an insect, what would you be? Why?

Tanaga ni Ildefonso Santos(Liwayway, Oktubre 10, 1943)

PalayHe’s a behaved palay

Who bowed when he wind blewBut stood up again

And bore gold.

ShellShall, hey!

You’re a beautiful pearlIf you are pressed to the ears

You sigh.

AUTHOR

• was born on 23 January 1897, in Baritan, Malabon, Rizal. • showed his talent in poetry through a love letter for a secret lover. • cousin, Leonardo Diangson, read the letter, and it was later

published in the newspaper Ang Mithî. • After publishing, the letter was read by Iñigo Ed Regalado. • began writing poetry in earnest and using Ilaw Silangan as his pen

name. • finished his studies as a first professor in Pilipino at the National

Teachers College. • Before World War II, he also a supervisor for the

national language. • He graduated in the University of the

Philippines with a degree in the field of architecture.

ACTIVITY

Read the Tanaga with heartfelt feelings. (Individual)

Let the whole class (except Dr. Gagto) decide the

two best readers.

Let the two best readers battle again by reading the

Tanaga, but this time, with facial expressions and

actions.

Let Dr. Gagto be the judge who’s the best reader

among the class.

POETRYCorporeal, Unevaporeal

blood, bold,on the hand of time.

DEATHNever, forever!

a rusty hinge,a fiery fever to become.

JUSTICEFlip a coin: crown or king.

Coin, neither crown nor king,“Not guilty!”

SOME POEMSToo much catsup, spice, sauce

hypocrisies:hiding what is not there.

HaikusBy Rodolfo S. Rosales

SOME POEMSToo much catsup, spice, sauce

hypocrisies:hiding what is not there.

BEAUTYA wind unseen, a sound unheard:

a broken guitar...bones and skulls.

PROGRESSYou chill comrade dragonfly

then please youput a tiger in your tongue

LOVEPill in the evening

Black coffee in the morningAnd headaches at noon.


DEFINITION

CorporealAdjective of the nature of the physical body; bodily.

FieryAdjective intensely hot

HingeNoun that on which something is based or depends; pivotal

consideration or factor.


ACTIVITY

Create your own Haiku about Grace Christian College

REMEMBER that a HAIKU is:

๏ made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines.

๏ The first line had 5 syllables, the second, 7

syllables, and the third, five.

๏ The Haiku is allegorical in meaning, is short and

covers a wide scope in meaning.

B. Filipino Drama During the Japanese Period

The drama experienced a lull during the Japanese

period because movie houses showing American films

were closed.

The big movie houses were just made to show stage

shows.

Many of the plays were reproductions of English plays

to Tagalog.

The translators were:

Francisco Soc Rodrigo

Alberto Concio

Narciso Pimentel.

B. Filipino Drama During the Japanese Period

They also founded the organization of Filipino

players named Dramatic Philippines.

Few of the play writers are:

1. Jose Ma. Hernandez – wrote PANDAY PIRA

2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo – wrote SA PULA, SA

PUTI

3. Clodualdo del Mundo – wrote BULAGA

4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda – wrote SINO BA

KAYO?, DAHIL SA ANAK, and HIGANTE NG

PATAY

C. The Filipino Short Story During the Japanese Period

The field of the short story widened during

the Japanese Occupation.

Many wrote short stories.

Among them were Brigido Batungbakal,

Macario Pineda, Serafin Guinigundo,

Liwayway Arceo, Narciso Ramos, NVM

Gonzales, Alicia Lopez Lim, Ligaya Perez,

and Gloria Guzman.


The best writings in 1945 were selected by a

group of judges composed of Francisco

Icasiano, Jose Esperanza Cruz, Antonio

Rosales, Clodualdo del Mundo and Teodoro

Santos.


The following got the first

three prizes from the

selection:First Prize: Narciso Reyes with

his LUPANG TINUBUAN

Second Prize: Liwayway Arceo’s

UHAW ANG TIGANG NA LUPA

Third Prize: NVM Gonzales’

LUNSOD NAYON AT DAGAT-

DAGATAN

D. Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945)

๏ Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by the

Japanese in the writing and publishing of works in

English, Philippine literature in English experienced

a dark period.

๏ The few who dared to write did so for their bread

and butter or for propaganda.

๏ Writings that came out during this period were

journalistic in nature.

๏ Writers felt suppressed but slowly, the spirit of

nationalism started to seep into their

consciousness.


๏ While some continued to write, the majority waited

for a better climate to published their works.

๏ Noteworthy writer of the period was Carlos P.

Romulo who won the Pulitzer Prize for his

bestsellers

H I SAW THE FALL OF THE PHILIPPINES

H I SEE THE PHILIPPINES RISE

H MOTHER AMERICA

H MY BROTHER AMERICANS


๏ F. B. Icasiano wrote essays in The Philippine Review

๏ Carlos Bulosan’s works included:

๏ THE LAUGHTER OF MY FATHER (1944)

๏ THE VOICE OF BATAAN

๏ SIX FILIPINO POETS

๏ Alfredo Litiatco published With Harp and Sling

๏ Jose P. Laurel published Forces that Make a Nation

Great


๏ The commonwealth Literary Awards gave prizes to

meritorious writers:

1. LIKE THE MOLAVE by Rafael Zulueta da Costa

(Poetry)

2. HOW MY BROTHER LEON BROUGHT HOME A

WIFE by Manuel E. Arguilla (Short Story)

3. LITERATURE AND SOCIETY by Salvador P. Lopez

(Essay)

4. HIS NATIVE SOIL by Juan Laya (Novel)


๏ President Manuel l. Quezon’s autobiography THE

GOOD FIGHT was published posthumously.

๏ Radio broadcasts echoed the mingled fear and

doubts in the hearts of the people.

๏ Other writers of this period were Juan Collas (1944),

Tomas Confessor (1945), Roman A. De la Cruz and

Elisa Tabunar.

The March of DeathBy Bienvenido N. Santos

The March of DeathBy Bienvenido N. Santos AUTHOR

• was a Filipino American fictionist, poet and nonfiction writer.

• born and raised in Tondo, Manila.

• family roots are originally from Lubao, Pampanga, Philippines.

• lived in the United States for many years where he is widely credited as a pioneering Asian-American

writer.

Bienvenido N. Santos (1911–1996)

The March of DeathBy Bienvenido N. Santos DEFINITIO

NFlogVerb to beat with a whip, stick etc., especially as punishment; whip; scourge.Hedgenoun a row of bushes or small trees planted close together, Especially when forming a fence or boundary; hedgerow: Peculiaradjective distinctive in nature or character from others.

Mangleverb to spoil; ruin; mar badly

The March of DeathBy Bienvenido N. Santos CHARACTER

MAPBienvenido Troubled that his brother might be

included in death march from Bataan to

Capas.

Bienvenido’s

brother

Brother of Bienvenido who might be

included in the march of death.

Uncle Has a garden hedge in front of the his

house that smells fragrantly.

Celia Sat in the window and witness the

suffering of the Filipinos who were

marching in front of her house to Capas.

The March of DeathBy Bienvenido N. Santos EVENT

MAP

Of the infamous Death March from

Bataan to Capas in March 1944 in the

States while in anxiety over a brother.

The March of DeathBy Bienvenido N. Santos SUMMARY

Bienvenido was in the United States during the Japanese

occupation. When he learnt of the high death rates of the Bataan

march, he was troubled that his brother might be included in the

statistic.

He poured out his sorrow in this story. Recalling the

things he and his brother did in the roads when they were

younger that’s being used then by the marching Filipinos on their

way to Capas.

Reminiscing made him regret but at the same time, gave

him hope, that his brother is alive and they would be able to walk

again in the same road in one April morning.

The March of DeathBy Bienvenido N. Santos OPEN

MINDIt is very distressing and heart-wrenching to

anyone when a person you love is in some threat

of danger. If possible, you would save your love

one for any price even if the price is yourself as

long as your love one will be saved.

The March of DeathBy Bienvenido N. Santos ACTIVITY

TIMEGroup yourself in two groups. Make

a scenario wherein your loved one is

being threatened to be killed. How

and what will you do stop it? Act it

out.

To My Native LandBy Tarrosa Subido

To My Native LandBy Tarrosa Subido DEFINITIO

NVisionaryAdjective given to or characterized by fanciful, not presently workable, or unpractical ideas, views, or schemesSchemeNoun a visionary or impractical project.AvowalNoun an open statement of affirmation; frank acknowledgment or admission.SustenanceNoun means of sustaini9ng life; nourishment.BequeathVerb to hand down; pass on.

To My Native LandBy Tarrosa Subido SUMMARY

The author, Tarrosa, wrote this sonnet during the

Japanese Occupation. Impressed by the common sight

of fellow Filipinos dying in their youth or prime, the

country denied thereby of their various talents and

services, the author made haste to write down her

feelings for her native land, death then seeming

imminent.

To My Native LandBy Tarrosa Subido OPEN

MINDTo know that my death is about to happen, I would

feel desolate, fearful, and probably, full of regret.

Because I would be leaving behind my family., whom

I love dearly. But if there’s no tomorrow, literally, I

would spend my last day to fight against the

Japanese occupation. I would have do anything I

can, not to be submissive to them. I would fight

them.

To My Native LandBy Tarrosa Subido ACTIVITY

What would you do if you only have one

day to live? (individual)

My Father’s TragedyBy Carlos Bulosan

My Father’s TragedyBy Carlos Bulosan AUTHOR

Bienvenido N. Santos (November 24, 1913 – September 11, 1956)

was born in the village of Mangusmana Barangay Sto. Niño located in Binalonan, Pangasinan, Philippines.

went to the United States to find work to help his farmer parents.

was an English-language Filipino novelist and poet who spent most of his life in the United States.

His best-known work is the semi-autobiographical America Is in the

Heart.

My Father’s TragedyBy Carlos Bulosan DEFINITIO

NFurtiveAdjective taken, done, used, etc., surreptitiously or by

stealth; secretImpasseNoun a position or situation from which there is no escape;

deadlockGranaryNoun a region that produces great quantities of grain.

My Father’s TragedyBy Carlos Bulosan SUMMARY

The town was suffering from poverty and hunger because of

the plaque of some disaster that wreck their plantations /

businesses.

Bida’s mother and sisters can’t find odd jobs and there was a

threat of famine across the town. It was during this time that

Bida’s father stayed at home and just sat everyday with his

fighting cock, Burick. He would not do anything, but caress

Burick, exercise it and sometime slept with Burick.

My Father’s TragedyBy Carlos Bulosan SUMMARY

Bida’s mother one day got angry with his father and tried to

kill Burick., but Bida’s father saw it and got to prevent it in time.

Bida’s mother had her revenge as one day, she cooked a

wonderful pleasant meal with chicken and bitter melons. The

family ate heartily most especially Bida’s father, as they have

eaten a chicken for quite sometime. After eating a lot of chicken,

and was about to get more, Bida’s father asked where did the

mother got the “good” chicken. His mother replied, “Where do

you think I got it?”

My Father’s TragedyBy Carlos Bulosan CHARACTER

MAPBida The only son left at the house. Took care of

Burick when told by his father.

Bida’s

father

Made money by cock-fighting. Loves Burick

more than anything else by taking

tremendous care of it.

Bida’s

mother

Very patient. Went door-to-door to do odd

jobs to have money / food for the family.

Francisca Bida’s sister. Usually takes care of Marcela.

My Father’s TragedyBy Carlos Bulosan CHARACTER

MAPMarcela Bida’s youngest sister.

Burcio Strange man from a neighboring country.

Owns a black fighting cock.

Burick Bida’s father’s fighting cock and the only

healthy living thing in the family’s

household. Sometimes sleep with bida’s

father

Kanaway Burick’s father. It won the family a house

three years ago. It’s being served the

choicest rice.

My Father’s TragedyBy Carlos Bulosan OPEN MIND

If I were Bida, I would find a job to help my family from

poverty. I would look for any legal job as long as I earn

money to buy necessities for my family.. It would be

unbearable for me to sit idle and watch my family struggle

that’s why I will strive hard to be good to help them.

My Father’s TragedyBy Carlos Bulosan ACTIVITY

The first person on your utmost left side will start to count 1,

then the one on her right will count herself number 2. Then

next person on her right will start again with 1 then 2 until each

student has a number.

Guess the name of each chicken dish.

2 levels:

Level 1 - Common in Metro Manila

Level 2 - Internationally- known chicken dishes.

1. It has a lot of soy sauce.

2. You could laurel leaves for flavor.

3. _ _o_ _

Chicken AdoboAfritadaTinolang ManokLechon ManokFried Chicken

Level 2 - Internationally- known chicken dishes

My Father’s TragedyBy Carlos Bulosan ACTIVITY

Level 2 - Internationally- known chicken dishes

1. Origin: Japan

2. Name in Japanese:鳥照り焼き

3.

Chicken Terriyaki1.Origin: Chinese/Singapore

2. Chinese Name: 海南雞飯3.

3.

Hainanese Chicken

3.

1.Origin: Spain2.Spanish name: paella

mixta

Chicken Paella

1. Origin: India2. Uses kari podi

3.Yellow Chicken

Curry

1. Origin: Persia2. Persian name:

Jujeh KabobPersian Chicken Kebab

The End.Thank you for listening!

japanese period in the philippines

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