Japanese IAS Act and its Japanese IAS Act and its practical implementation for practical implementation for addressing intentional animal addressing intentional animal imports imports Tomoo MIZUTANI Tomoo MIZUTANI Japan Ministry of the Japan Ministry of the Environment Environment
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Japanese IAS Act and its Japanese IAS Act and its practical implementation for practical implementation for
Tomoo MIZUTANITomoo MIZUTANIJapan Ministry of the Japan Ministry of the
EnvironmentEnvironment
�� OutlineOutline
� Background of the IAS Act
� Framework of the IAS Act regarding animal imports
� Practical implementation of IAS Act addressing animal imports
Background of IAS ActBackground of IAS Act
Ryukyu Islands Ogasawara
(Bonin) Islands
Ryukyu Islands Rate of endemic species
9endemic,
14
21 5
22endemic,
22
5endemic,
15
0% 50% 100%
manmals
birds
reptiles
amphibiansIshikawa’s Frog
Amami Woodcock
Amami Rabbit
There are many vulnerable island
ecosystems in southern part of
Japan
�� Import of alien species: status quo anteImport of alien species: status quo ante
-- Importation of live animals (except Importation of live animals (except livestock animals) into Japanlivestock animals) into Japan
Number of live Number of live animals imported in animals imported in 20032003 (head)(head)
71,073,056 Ornamental
fishes
28,912 Amphibians
713,415 Reptiles
121,114 Birds
636,337 Mammals
2003
Ministry of Finance. Trade statistics of Japan
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Number of articles on alien species in main 4 newspapers of Japan
2005:IAS Act enter into force
2002:2nd National Biodiversity Strategy
1994:1st National Biodiversity Strategy Public concerns
on alien species raised from latter
half of 1990s2002:CBD Guiding Principle
Two species brought IAS Act!
Damage to native-fishes
1925: introduced from USA for aquaculture
Largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)
Anglers or sports fishing industry released into lake,
pond or river
1999: established all prefecture
Damage to fisheries
Damage to biodiversity
Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
- Intentionally introduced as pets but some were discarded to the wild
19951992 1998
Random spread of Raccoon in Hokkaido
Damages on agricultural crops in Hokkaido
1996 1997 1998
$100,000
Hokkaido prefectural government
live animalsPreventing damage to
�Wild fauna and flora
�Human health by direct
attack such as fire ants
Plant Quarantine�Plant protection Act <preventing damages to agricultural plants>
Animal Quarantine�Infectious diseases prevent Act�Domestic animal infectious diseases control Act<preventing damages to domestic animal or human health caused by infectious diseases>Not covered by existing Acts
Invasive Alien Species Act (2004)
IPPC OIE
Framework of the IAS Act Framework of the IAS Act
regarding animal importsregarding animal imports
Damages
�� Invasive Alien Species ActInvasive Alien Species Act
Prohibition of various actions (e.g. import) Prohibition of various actions (e.g. import) with regard to IAS without permissionwith regard to IAS without permission
Point 2Point 2
Suspension of importing UAS (Uncategorized Suspension of importing UAS (Uncategorized Alien Species)Alien Species)
�� Point 1: Prohibition of various actionsPoint 1: Prohibition of various actions