January

January 1

January•• January•• February•• March•• April•• May•• June•• July•• August•• September•• October•• November•• DecemberJanuary ( i/ˈdʒænjuːˌɛəri/ JAN-ew-AIR-ee) is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendarsand one of seven months with the length of 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, onaverage, the coldest month of the year within most of the Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month ofwinter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month ofsummer). In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of July in the Northern hemisphere and viceversa.January starts on the same day of the week as October in common years, and starts on the same day of the week asApril and July in leap years. In a common year, January ends on the same day of the week as February and October,and ends on the same day of the week as July in a leap year.

History

January, from the Très Riches Heures du Duc deBerry

January (in Latin, Ianuarius) is named after Janus, the god of thedoorway; the name has its beginnings in Roman mythology, comingfrom the Latin word for door (ianua) since January is the door to theyear.

Traditionally, the original Roman calendar consisted of 10 months,totalling 304 days, winter being considered a monthless period. Around713 BC, the semi-mythical successor of Romulus, King NumaPompilius, is supposed to have added the months of January andFebruary, allowing the calendar to equal a standard lunar year (354days). Although March was originally the first month in the old RomanCalendar, January became the first month of the calendar year undereither Numa or the Decemvirs about 450 BC (Roman writers differ). Incontrast, specific years pertaining to dates were identified by namingtwo consuls, who entered office on May 1 and March 15 until 153 BC,when they began to enter office on January 1.

Various Christian feast dates were used for the New Year in Europeduring the Middle Ages, including March 25 and December 25.However, medieval calendars were still displayed in the Roman

January 2

fashion of twelve columns from January to December. Beginning in the 16th century, European countries beganofficially making January 1 the start of the New Year once again—sometimes called Circumcision Style because thiswas the date of the Feast of the Circumcision, being the seventh day after December 25.Historical names for January include its original Roman designation, Ianuarius, the Saxon term Wulf-monath(meaning wolf month) and Charlemagne's designation Wintarmanoth (winter / cold month). In Slovene, it istraditionally called prosinec. The name, associated with millet bread and the act of asking for something, was firstwritten in 1466 in the Škofja Loka manuscript.[1]

According to Theodor Mommsen (The History of Rome, volume 4, The Revolution, ISBN 1-4353-4597-5, page 4),1 January became the first day of the year in 600 AUC of the Roman Calendar (153 BC), due to disasters in theLusitanian War. A Lusitanian chief called Punicus, invaded the Roman territory, defeated two Roman governors andslew their troops. The Romans resolved to send a consul to Spain and, in order to accelerate the dispatch of aid, "theyeven made the new consuls enter on office two months and a half before the legal time" (15th of March).

Holidays in January

January, painting by Leandro Bassano

• New Year's Day – January 1• Independence Day in Haiti – January 1• Handsel Monday in Scotland and northern England – First Monday• Three Wise Men Day, or Epiphany, in Latin America, Spain, Puerto

Rico and Dominican Republic, and is, although not celebrated aswidely or in the same way as in countries with a Spanish history, anofficial holiday in many European countries, for example Austria,Italy, Sweden, Finland, Liechtenstein, Slovakia and Croatia, as wellas in parts of Germany and Switzerland.  – January 6

• Russian and Ukrainian Christmas Eve, also known as SvyatVechir – January 6

• Coptic and Russian Orthodox Church Christmas – January 7• Plough Sunday in Scotland and northern England – Sunday after January 6• Coming of Age Day (成 人 の 日 Seijin no hi) in Japan – Second Monday• National Human Trafficking Awareness Day in the United States – January 11• Feast of the Santo Niño in the Philippines – *Martin Luther King, Jr. Day in the United States – Third Monday• Third Sunday is Pongal in India.• Republic Day in India – January 26• Australia Day in Australia - January 26• Makara Sankranthi (Festival of Harvest) in India – January 14• Auckland Anniversary in Auckland, New Zealand – Monday closest to January 29• Burns night in Scotland – January 25• The uniting of Moldavia and Wallachia under the same ruler in 1859, Romania – January 24•• National Thank You month

January 3

January symbols

Snow in January

• January's birthstone is the garnet which represents constancy.• Its birth flower is the cottage pink Dianthus caryophyllus or

galanthus.[2]

• The Chinese floral emblem of January is the Prunus mume.• The Japanese floral emblem of January is the camellia (Camellia

sinensis).•• In Finland, the month of Tammikuu means the heart of the winter

and because the name also means Oak, it can be inferred that theoak tree is the heart of grand forest with many valuable trees asopposed to the typical Arctic forests which are typically pine andspruce. The photograph of a large tree covered with ice against a

blue sky is a familiar scene during Finland's winter.•• The Zodiac signs for the month of January are Capricorn (until January 19) and Aquarius (January 20 onwards).•• The traditional English birth month flower is the Carnation

References[1] Stabej, Jože (1966). "Ob petstoletnici škofjeloškega zapisa slovenskih imen za mesece [On the 500th Anniversary of the Škofja Loka

Recording of Slovene Month Names]" (http:/ / www. dlib. si/ details/ URN:NBN:SI:DOC-93FLIZJH/ ) (in Slovene). Loški razgledi(Muzejsko društvo Škofja Loka [Museum Society of Škofja Loka]) 13. ISSN 0459-8210. .

[2] January Birth Flower (http:/ / www. birthflowersguide. com/ january-birth-flower. html)

Article Sources and Contributors 4

Article Sources and ContributorsJanuary  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=530472061  Contributors: 123Hedgehog456, 21655, 334a, AGK, ASquarePancake, Aaron Schulz, Adashiel, AgentPeppermint,Ahoerstemeier, Ahrarara, Aki Mononoke, Alan Liefting, Alansohn, Albeiror24, AlefZet, Alientraveller, Alrasheedan, Altenmann, AmiDaniel, Ams80, Andrewstoneman, Andycjp, Angela, Annareg, Annatto, Annerire, Anthonyken0109, Anzacosf2010, Arakunem, Aranel, Ardonik, Art LaPella, Arthena, Arwel Parry, Avoided, BD2412, BRG, Barbara Shack, BartBenjamin, Baumi, BelleEquipe, Ben-Zin, Bennybp, BillFlis, Blanchardb, Bluemask, Bluerasberry, BobMcGrath, Bobo192, Bongwarrior, Brianga, Brooke980, Bueller 007, Buffelapa, CalendarWatcher, Carinemily,Carlossuarez46, Cat10001b, Catgut, CatherineMunro, Ccacsmss, Centrx, Charles Matthews, Chasingsol, Chmee2, Chris the speller, Christian List, Chun-hian, Clidog, ClonedPickle, CodexSinaiticus, CodexVaticanus, Computer97, Computerjoe, Conversion script, Cosmic Latte, Cryptic, CryptoDerk, Csapn, Cst17, Cyfal, D6, DCEdwards1966, DavidFarmbrough, Deadstar,Degreeskelvin, Denny, Dermar130, Dezidor, Dinsdagskind, Discospinster, Djsasso, Docu, Drappel, EamonnPKeane, Eleassar, Emeraldcityserendipity, Emijrp, Enauspeaker, Erikjustiinano,Everyking, Favonian, Flauto Dolce, FlavrSavr, Furrykef, Galwhaa, Gareth Griffith-Jones, Garzo, Georgia guy, Glacious, Gman124, Gnarzikans, Gogo Dodo, Haaqfun, HandigeHarry, Heracles31,Heron, Herrick, Howard Alexander, Hraefen, Hu12, Hvn0413, Icairns, Ionius Mundus, Island, JAn Dudík, JFreeman, JIP, Jacob.jose, Jared Preston, Jaybo123, Jazz214, Jeepday, Jennavecia,Jewls25, Jim Douglas, JimVC3, Joe Kress, JohnChrysostom, Jons63, Jordanthompsonolson, Joriki, Jumbuck, Jussi Bergström, Karl E. V. Palmen, Kata Alreshim, Keelzone65, Kittensoldier,Klemen Kocjancic, Klenje, Koavf, Koibeatu, Kulkarniravi, Kwamikagami, Kwekubo, Larif, Laurel Bush, Lcarscad, Lectonar, Lee Daniel Crocker, Liftarn, Linecook12, Lipkeng, Llull, MKar,Man vyi, Martinwilke1980, Mattius Dearius, Mav, Mboverload, McGeddon, Megaman en m, Meiskam, Melchoir, Merphant, Meursault2004, Mgargiulo, Mickdawg, Mike Winters, Mikehillman,Mikemoral, Mjbyars1, Montrealais, Moriori, Mpeche, MrSmart, Mufka, Mxn, Naerhu, Natattack love, Natsubee, NawlinWiki, Newbyguesses, Numbo3, Olajuan, Oliverhendy91, Omgits bats,Omicronpersei8, Onassi, Outsidee, PA goldbanjo, PFHLai, Panser Born, Patrick, Paul-L, Pax:Vobiscum, Paxsimius, Peter.C, Philip Trueman, Philipa Robins, Phoenix Hacker, Pietrow, Piolinfax,Plasticup, Ponder, Ponyo, Psb777, Queen Rhana, Quintote, Raminarya, Ravisum, Red Director, Redlady1, RexNL, Rfc1394, Rich Farmbrough, Rickterp, Rjanag, Robertvan1, RockinDude8989,Romanm, Ronhjones, Roryjns1, Ryulong, SAMAS, SQGibbon, Saforrest, Sajad.Ghafarzadeh, Samuel, Samuel Peden, Sasha Callahan, Scott MacLean, Secret (renamed), Shalom Yechiel,Shirtwaist, Short Factor, Skizzik, Smarkflea, Sotakeit, Spidern, Stephenb, Stuan, Suisui, Sumple, Sunderland06, Swpb, Synthetik, Szyslak, Tadas12, TakuyaMurata, Tbhotch, Templatenamespace initialisation script, Tenfour, That Jason, The Obento Musubi, The Rambling Man, Thehelpfulone, Thelb4, Thine Antique Pen, Thingg, Think outside the box, Thirdeyeopen33, Tiderolls, Timwi, Tmopkisn, Tofutwitch11, Tokus, TolkFolk135, TomeHale, Tregoweth, Trevor MacInnis, Trivialist, Tyfghvb, Uncle Dick, Unforgiven24, VarlamTikhonovich, Vineetmenon,Vlad788, Vossanova, Vsmith, What!?Why?Who?, Willking1979, Wizardman, WojPob, Xn4, Xtifr, Yamara, Yandman, Yesyouam, Yidisheryid, YouYouMan1, Yurell, ZmiLa, Zocky, Îleflottante, Александър, 556 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsImage:Speakerlink.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Speakerlink.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0  Contributors: Woodstone. Original uploader wasWoodstone at en.wikipediaFile:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry Janvier.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Les_Très_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_Janvier.jpg  License: PublicDomain  Contributors: AndreasPraefcke, Auntof6, Bohème, Bukk, Dbachmann, Felix Folio Secundus, G.dallorto, Henrytow, Johnbod, Kürschner, Man vyi, Mel22, Petrusbarbygere, Pierpao,Ranveig, Wolfmann, Xenophon, Xhienne, Zolo, ³, 2 anonymous editsFile:Januar Leandro Bassano.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Januar_Leandro_Bassano.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Herrick, Mel22, Oursana,WuseligFile:Sneeuw1.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sneeuw1.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Dick Mudde

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