January 2013. fertile soils GGeographic factor most important to the development of the early river valley civilizations. 2.

GLOBAL I – MID TERMJanuary 2013

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fertile soils Geographic factor

most important to the development of the early river valley civilizations.

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rich soil

One reason for the development of an early civilization in the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys was that periodic flooding left, ________which was ideal for farming.

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waterways Early civilizations that

developed along the Nile, the Tigris-Euphrates and the Huang He (Yellow River) because transportation and communication were promoted by a mild climate, fertile soil, and natural ________________.

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divisions

Under the Hammurabi code of law _________ existed between social classes.

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monotheism

Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share a belief in ____________ and ethical conduct.

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caste system

“When I go to the office, I put on my shirt and I take off my caste; when I come home, I take off my shirt and I put on my caste.”

The main idea of this quotation? The __________ continues to influence Indian society

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Confucius

According the teachings of __________, the key to the successful organization of society is that individuals should know and do what is expected of them.

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Buddhist

The __________ religion teaches that salvation is earned by learning to give up selfish desires.

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Jewish The

__________religion and cultural identity has been greatly influenced by the Torah and the Diaspora.

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religion In India, the Caste

system determined a person’s occupation, personal associations, and marriage partner. This situation shows that the Caste system has been a way of life as well as an element of _________ .

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Islam Mansa Musa’s

journey to Mecca in the 1300’s is evidence that _______ had a major influence on the Mali Empire.

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Buddhism The Eightfold Path, the Four Noble Truths, and the concept of nirvana are associated with the religion of ____________.

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Nonviolence

The fundamental principles of Buddhism are practicing ___________ and giving up worldly desires .

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animism A belief of _____________ is that spirits of nature inhabit all living and nonliving objects .

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Sahara Desert

One reason the cultures of North Africa developed differently from the cultures of the rest of Africa was that these areas of Africa were separated by the ____________.

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isolation In China, the

development of ethnocentrism was most influenced by its geographic _____________.

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traditional In most

____________ societies, sons learn the same trades as their fathers.

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culture The study of ___________ primarily involves learning why various peoples live as they do.

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cultural diffusion

The practicing of Islam in Nigeria is an example of ______________ in Africa.

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villages

One result of the Neolithic Revolution was the establishment of _________ and the rise of governments.

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cultural diffusion

Which term is used to describe the spread of Buddhism from India through Southeast Asia?

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Rift Valley Recent

archeological studies suggest the theory that the earliest humans evolved in the ___________ in Africa .

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traditional Geographic

isolation of a people frequently reinforces a _________way of life .

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law The Ancient

Romans’ most significant contribution to Europe has been in the area of ________.

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Athenians The Ancient

_____________ are credited with establishing governments that had democratic elements.

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surplus Before

towns and cities can develop in a society, the society needs to establish

an agricultural __________.

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Greeks The ______

established the basis of western democracy.

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Roman Republic

A major contribution of the ___________ to Western European culture was the concept of government by laws.

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Byzantine Empire

After the fall of Rome, the eastern portion of the Roman Empire became known as the______________.

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disorder An

immediate result of the fall of the Roman Empire was a period of________ and weak central government.

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Orthodox Christian

An influence that spread from the Byzantine Empire to Early Russia was the ______________ religion.

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Hellenic Alexander the

Great’s conquests of Greece, Asia Minor, Egypt, and Persia led to the spread of _______ culture

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Africa Axum, Kush, and

Nubia were early civilizations in ________.

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Europeans Axum, Kush,

Mali and Songhai societies had a long and rich history before their first contact with _________.

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Sparta The Ancient Greek city-state of _______was a powerful military state

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trading routes

African kingdoms of Egypt, Ghana, Mali and Songhai were located on major ____________.

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salt One reason

the ancient kingdoms in western Africa prospered was that they developed extensive trade in gold, ivory, and ________.

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Salt, Namibia, Africa

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Byzantine The Empire that for almost a thousand years ensured the survival of Christianity when Western Europe was too weak .

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Russia The Byzantine

empire introduced the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Cyrillic alphabet to ______.

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Cyrillic Contact with

Byzantine culture in the 10th century led to the adoption of the Eastern Orthodox religion and the ___________ alphabet by the Russian people.

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codified laws

In the Ancient Kingdom of Mali and in the Roman Republic, an important feature of life was the development of ______________.

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primary source

The diary of a survivor of a Nazi death camp is an example of a ____________.

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Dynasty A succession of

rulers from the same family.

The history of the Gupta _____begins with its founding by Sri-Gupta around 240 CE.

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Mandate of Heaven The concept of

the____________, as practiced in China, was used to justify rebellion and replacement of one ruler for another.

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trade The ancient

western African kingdoms of Mali, Ghana, and Songhai established economies based on ________.

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Ganges The _______

River remains important to India because it is a sacred river for the Hindu population .

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Pax Romana Augustus began his rule during this period of time known as the “Roman Peace”.

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Ottoman Turks

The Byzantine Empire came to an end in 1453 A.D. when the city of Constantinople fell to the ___________.

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The Ottoman Turks, led by the Ottoman Emperor Mehmet the second captured

Constantinople, thus bringing down the Byzantine Empire. As a result the Ottomans

established an Empire that lasted until 1923.