JAMSHEDPUR WOMEN’S COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY B.Sc. BOTANY (HONS.) There shall be six semesters in B.Sc. Hons. Course, two semesters per annum. Each semester (SEM I to SEM IV) will carry 200 marks divided into TWO THEORY Papers and ONE PRACTICAL (75+75+50). The Theory Papers will have 60 marks for written Exams, 15 marks for internal assessment. B.Sc. part III (SEM V and SEM VI) will have THREE THEORY Papers and ONE PRACTICAL Paper, each carrying 100 marks. The theory papers will have 80 marks for written Exams and 20 marks for internal assessment. Practical Marks in this year shall include Project based on Field work and Seminars. B.Sc. (HONS.) PART I SEMESTER I PAPER I (Theory) Algae, Fungi and Bryophytes Full Marks 75 (60+15) PAPER II (Theory) Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany Full Marks 75 (60+15) PAPER III (Practical) Full Marks 50 TOTAL = 200 SEMESTER II PAPER IV (Theory) Microbiology
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JAMSHEDPUR WOMEN’S COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
B.Sc. BOTANY (HONS.)
There shall be six semesters in B.Sc. Hons. Course, two semesters per annum. Each semester (SEM I to SEM IV) will carry 200 marks divided into TWO THEORY Papers and ONE PRACTICAL (75+75+50). The Theory Papers will have 60 marks for written Exams, 15 marks for internal assessment.
B.Sc. part III (SEM V and SEM VI) will have THREE THEORY Papers and ONE PRACTICAL Paper, each carrying 100 marks. The theory papers will have 80 marks for written Exams and 20 marks for internal assessment. Practical Marks in this year shall include Project based on Field work and Seminars.
B.Sc. (HONS.) PART I
SEMESTER I PAPER I (Theory)
Algae, Fungi and Bryophytes
Full Marks 75 (60+15)
PAPER II (Theory)
Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany
Full Marks 75 (60+15)
PAPER III (Practical)
Full Marks 50
TOTAL = 200
SEMESTER II PAPER IV (Theory)
Microbiology
Full Marks 75 (60+15)
PAPER V (Theory)
Plant Pathology
Full Marks 75 (60+15)
PAPER VI (Practical)
Full Marks 50
TOTAL = 200
B.Sc. (HONS.) PART II
SEMESTER III PAPER VII (Theory)
Taxonomy and Economic Botany
Full Marks 75 (60+15)
PAPER VIII (Theory)
Embryology and Tissue Culture
Full Marks 75 (60+15)
PAPER IX (Practical)
Full Marks 50
TOTAL = 200
SEMESTER IV PAPER X (Theory)
Anatomy
Full Marks 75 (60+15)
PAPER XI (Theory)
Cytology
Full Marks 75 (60+15)
PAPER XII (Practical)
Full Marks 50
TOTAL = 200
B.Sc. (HONS.) PART III
SEMESTER V PAPER XIII (Theory)
Plant Physiology
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER XIV (Theory)
Cytogenetics
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER XV (Theory)
Ecology
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER XVI (Practical)
Full Marks 100
TOTAL = 400
SEMESTER VI PAPER XVII (Theory)
Plant Biochemistry
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER XVIII (Theory)
Molecular Biology
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER XIX (Theory)
Environmental Biology
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER XX (Practical)
Full Marks 100
TOTAL = 400
TOTAL MARKS IN B.Sc. BOTANY HONS. PART I, II and III = 1600
B.Sc. BOTANY (GENERAL/SUBSIDIARY)
There shall be three parts in B.Sc. general course each having TWO SEMESTERS. In Semester I, II, III and IV there will be only ONE PAPER of 100 marks each which is divisible into a THEORY part of 75 marks and a PRACTICAL part of 25 marks.
If general exists the semesters in Part III will be of 100 marks: a THEORY paper of 75 marks and a PRACTICAL paper of 25 marks.
B.Sc. (SUB/GEN) PART I
SEMESTER I PAPER I (Theory)
Microbiology and Cryptogams
Full Marks 75
PAPER II (Practical)
Full Marks 25
TOTAL = 100
SEMESTER II PAPER III (Theory)
Phanerogams
Full Marks 75
PAPER IV (Practical)
Full Marks 25
TOTAL = 100
B.Sc. (SUB/GEN) PART II
SEMESTER III PAPER V (Theory)
Plant physiology and Biochemistry, Growth, Development and
Biotechnology
Full Marks 75
PAPER VI (Practical)
Full Marks 25
TOTAL = 100
SEMESTER IV PAPER VII (Theory)
Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, Environmental
Biology and Economic Botany
Full Marks 75
PAPER VIII (Practical)
Full Marks 25
Total = 100
B.Sc. (SUB/GEN) PART III
SEMESTER V PAPER IX (Theory)
Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology
Full Marks 75
PAPER X (Practical)
Full Marks 25
TOTAL = 100
SEMESTER VI PAPER XI (Theory)
Environmental Biology and Economic Botany
Full Marks 75
PAPER XII (Practical)
Full Marks 25
TOTAL = 100
TOTAL MARKS FOR BOTANY SUBSIDIARY/GENERAL PART I, II and III = 600
M.Sc. in Botany
There shall be two academic years in one complete session of M.Sc. Each academic year will have TWO Semesters. Each Semester will have four Theory Papers of 100 marks each and two practical Papers of 100 mark each. In fourth Semester, instead of two practical Papers, there will be one Practical and one Dissertation of 100 marks each.
Each Theory paper will have 80 marks for examination and 20 marks for internal assessment. The pass marks will be 45 in each paper. The total marks for M.Sc. (all four semesters included) should be 2400.
M.Sc. BOTANY PART I
SEMESTER I PAPER I (Theory)
Microbiology
Full marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER II (Theory)
Fungi and Algae
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER III (Theory)
Bryophytes and Pteridophytes
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER IV (Theory)
Gymnosperms
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER V
Practical
Full Marks 100
PAPER VI
Practical
Full Marks 100
SEMESTER II PAPER VII (Theory)
Cell biology and Genetics
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER VIII (Theory)
Molecular Biology
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER IX (Theory)
Taxonomy
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER X (Theory)
Ecology
PAPER XI
Practical
Full Marks 100
PAPER XII
Practical
Full Marks 100
TOTAL = 1200
M.Sc. BOTANY PART II
SEMESTER III PAPER XIII (Theory)
Embryology and Anatomy
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER XIV (Theory)
Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology and Plant Tissue
Culture
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER XV (Theory)
Plant Physiology and Metabolism
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER XVI
Plant Biochemistry
PAPER XVII
Practical
Full Marks 100
PAPER XVIII
Practical
Full Marks 100
SEMESTER IV PAPER XIX (Theory)
Environmental Biology
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER XX (Theory)
Plant Resource utilization, Biostatistics and Biodiversity
Conservation
Full Marks 100 (80+20)
PAPER XXI (Theory)
Special Paper I
PAPER XXII (Theory)
Special Paper II
PAPER XXIII
Practical
Full Marks 100
PAPER XXIV
Project
Full marks 100
TOTAL MARKS=1200
Total Marks for M.Sc. part I and II = 2400
B.Sc. (Botany Hons.) PART I
FIRST SEMESTER
PAPER I
ALGAE, FUNGI AND BRYOPHYTES
1. General characters & classification of Algae up to order 02
2. General characters & classification of Fungi up to orders 02
(c) LICHEN: General account, classification, & economic importance 02
4. Structure, life history, affinities & importance of the genera mentioned below:
(a) BRYOPHYTA:Riccia, Marchantia, Anthoceros, Sphagnum, Funaria 16 Total lectures 48 PAPER II
PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERMS AND FOSSILS GROUP -- A
1. Structure, life history, affinities & importance of the genera mentioned below: PTERIDOPHYTA: Selaginella, Equisetum, Ophioglossum, Marsilea, Pteris 16
2. Comparative study of the morphological, anatomical, reproductive features of the following genera Pinus, Taxus, Ginkgo, and Gnetum. 20
GROUP –B
3. Palaeobotany: a. A brief idea about geological era 02 b. Definition of fossil, process and conditions of fossilization 04 c. Fossil Pteridophytes: Rhynia, Lepidodendron, Calamites 06
d. Detailed study of Lyginopteris and Cycadeoidea 06
Total lectures 54
PAPER III
PRACTICAL
SECOND SEMESTER
PAPER IV
MICROBIOLOGY
1. Discovery of microorganisms; systematic positions of micro organisms in 05
Biological world, classification of microorganisms & characteristics of different
Groups.
2. Methods in micro-biology: basic principles of microscopy, micrometry, staining, 05 Sterilization, methods, culture media, pure culture method, methods for population
Estimation
3. Modern concept about bacterial cell structure 04
5. Structure & nature of TMV& Bacteriophage, & their replication 04
6. Role of microbes in nitrogen fixation; organic matter decomposition 06
7. Industrial importance of microorganism 06
8. General account of Mycoplasma & diseases caused by them 04
Total lectures 40
PAPER V
PLANT PATHOLOGY
1. General account of plant pathology and brief idea about Pathogenesis, Enzymes and Toxins, Alteration of Physiological functions due to Plant Pathogen Interaction. 06
2. Etiology, symptoms & control of the following diseases:
3. Plant disease management: chemical, biological and Biotechnological with emphasis on
Development of Transgenics, biopesticides . 08
Total lectures 42
PAPER VI
PRACTICALS
B.Sc PART II
THIRD SEMESTER
PAPER VII
TAXONOMY AND ECONOMIC BOTANY
Group A
1. Classification of plants As proposed by Bentham & Hooker; Hutchinson And Takhtajan. 12
2. Idea about important rules of plant nomenclature with special Reference to ICBN 02
3. A comparative account of diagnostic features and Economic importance of the following families: Apiaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Asclepiadaceae, Catharanthaceae, Convolvulaceae, Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Amarantaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Liliaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae 14
4. Modern trends in plant taxonomy: Taxonomy in relation to Anatomy, Embryology, Palynology, Cytology 08
5. Brief knowledge of Numerical Taxonomy 04
Group B 1. Use of plants as Medicine and ideas about important Drug-yielding plants.
03 2. Agricultural and Horticultural plants and their products of Jharkhand with special
reference to oil seeds, pulses, cereals, fruits and vegetables and timber. 10
Total lectures -53
PAPER VIII
EMBRYOLOGY AND TISSUE CULTURE 1. A brief idea about plant reproduction 01 2. Microsporogenesis 02 3. Male gametophyte 04 4. Megasporogenesis 02 5. Female gametophyte (Types of emryo sacs) 10 6. Fertilization 04 7. Endosperm 04 8. Embryogeny 04 9. Polyembryony 02 10. Experimental embryology- anther culture and embryo culture 06 11. Protoplast culture and somatic hybridization 06
Total lectures 45 PAPER IX PRACTICAL
FOURTH SEMESTER PAPER X
ANATOMY
1. Meristems: Position in plant body, function, Theories of structural development and differentiation 06
2. Tissues and tissue systems, Vascular tissues and function 06
3. Mechanical tissues: structure, distribution and function 06
4. Organization of tissue in relation to environment (Ecological anatomy: Adaptations) 08
5. Normal Secondary Growth, periderm, storied cork, lenticels 04
2. Cell division- its significance and regulation, Mitosis, Meiosis 08
3. Morphology of chromosomes 05
4. Mendel’s experiments and principles of inheritance 04
5. Back cross and test cross 04
6. Linkage and recombination; coupling and repulsion phases; two and Three point test crosses with their significance in chromosome Mapping; interference and co- efficient of coincidence 04
7. Sex determination and sex linked inheritance 04
Reactions, electron transport pathways photophosphorylation, Calvin Cycle,
Hatch & Slack pathway
3. Respiration : Glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport
In mitochondria, oxidative phosphorylation 08
4. Phytohormones: General account, discovery, structure & mechanism of Action & role of Auxins, cytokinins, Gibberellins, Abscissic acid & Ethylene. 08
5. Physiology of flowering , photoperiodism , vernalization 08 Total lectures 44
PAPER XIV
CYTOGENETICS
1. DNA replication and recombination 06
2. Genetic code 02
3. Alteration in genetic makeup-changes at genetic level: spontaneous and Induced mutation; mode of action; transitions, transversions, And frame shift mutation; detection of mutations. 06
4. Alteration in genetic make up-changes in chromosome numbers origin, types and effects of auto and allopolyploidy; origin and meiosis in nullisomic, monosomics and trisomics. 06
5. Alteration in genetic make up- changes in chromosome structure; Origin, types and effects of chromosomal aberration on progeny 06
6. Genetic Engineering in plants and future of plant biotechnology 06 Total lectures 33
PAPER XV
ECOLOGY
1. Autecology, biological spectrum, production ecology. 06 2. Ecological factors : climatic,edaphic,topographical and biotic factors 10 3. Population ecology: characteristics and acquaintance with population models 04 4. Community structure 04 5. Community dynamics: Succession, Xerosere, Hydrosere, concept of climax
community 08 6. Ecosystem ( grassland, aquatic and forest) 08 7. Flow of energy and biochemical cycles 02
Total lectures 34
PAPER XVI
PRACTICAL
SIXTH SEMESTER
PAPER XVII
PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY
1. Cell wall, cell membrane & their biochemical properties. 10 2. Plant cell organelles & their roles: mitochondria, chloroplast , peroxisome, 10 3. Amino acid & peptides: types of amino acid, structure of proteins & protein
Mechanism of action, factors of enzyme activities 10 Total lectures 40
PAPER XVIII
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
1. Nucleic acids: compositions of nucleic acids and synthesis of nucleotides;
DNAstructure; A, B, Z forms of DNA; denaturation and renaturation of DNA 14 2. Chromatin structure; DNA replication and recombination, DNA polymerases;
Different forms of RNA and their role 14 3. Gene structure, expression and regulation; gene organization in prokaryotes
And eukaryotes; inducible, repressible, positive and negative gene regulation; Interrupted genes in eukaryotes; 14
Total lectures 42
PAPER XIX
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
1. Soil: types, formation, physiochemical nature, water holding 08
Capacity, soil profile and soil erosion and conservation
2. Non-conventional source of energy 06
3. Biodiversity and its conservation 06
4. MAB programme, plant indicators 06
5. Environmental pollution: air pollution,
Water pollution, sound pollution, nuclear pollution and their controls majors 10
6. Environmental management: Soil, water and air 06
7. Major vegetational belts of India 06
Total lectures 48
PAPER XX
PRACTICAL
Practical marks to be accommodated in projects, seminars and field work
BOTANY B.Sc. SUBSIDIARY/GENERAL
B.Sc. PART I (SUB/GEN)
FIRST SEMESTER
THEORY
MICROBIOLOGY AND CRYPTOGAMS
GROUP – A
1. General account and structure of bacteria and their economic Importance 06
2. Viruses: general account and economic importance 04
GROUP-B
1. Salient features and economic importance of: Algae: Nostoc, Volvox, Oedogonium,
Vaucharia and Sargassum 10
Fungi: Albugo, Peziza, Agaricus, Alternaria 10
2. Lichen: general account and economic importance 02
3. Salient features and economic importance of
Bryophyta: Marchantia, Anthoceros and
Sphagnum
Pteridophyta: Selaginella , Equisetum 16
Marsilea
TOTAL LECTURES 48
PRACTCALS BASED ON THEORY
SECOND SEMESTER
THEORY
PHANEROGAMS
1. Structure, reproduction and economic importance of Pinus 04
2. Taxonomy of angiosperms: Classification with special 08
Reference to the Systems of Bentham & Hooker
3. Diagnostic features and economic importance of the following 10
6. Embroyology: microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, male and female 08
Gametophyte, fertilization, endosperm, embryo
TOTAL LECTURES 36
PRACTICALS BASED ON THEORY
B.Sc. PART II (SUB/GEN)
THIRD SEMESTER
THEORY
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
GROUP -- A
1. Physiology of water and mineral absorption 04
2 .Enzyme: Nature, mode of action, factors affecting 04
Enzyme activity
3. Photosynthesis: mechanism and factors 05
4. Respiration: mechanism &electron transport system 05
GROUP -- B
1. Phytohormones: auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins and 05
Their role
2. Genetic engineering: tools and techniques of recombinant DNA
Technology 08
3. Biotechnology: functional definition, basic aspects of plants
Tissue culture 08
TOTAL LECTURES 39
PRACTICALS BASED ON THEORY
FOURTH SEMESTER
THEORY
CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND ECONOMIC BOTANY
GROUP -- A
1. Structure of cell, cell organelles: mitochondria, chloroplast 05
Centrosome.
2. Mitosis and meiosis 05
3. Mendelism 04
4. Structure and organization of chromosomes 04
5. Mutation 04
6. Polyploidy 03
GROUP -- B
1. Ecological factors 04
2. Plant communities and ecosystem 04
3. Succession hydrosere and xerosere 04
4. Pollution –Water, soil, air sound, 04
GROUP -- C
1. Medicine yielding plants 01
2. Agricultural ands horticultural plants with special reference 03
To pulses and oil seeds
TOTAL LECTURES 45
PRACTICALS BASED ON THEORY
B.Sc. PART III (GEN/SUB)
FIFTH SEMESTER
THEORY
CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
1. Structure and organization of eukaryotic chromosomes 04
2. Supermumerary chromosomes 02
3. Lampbrush chromosome 02
4. Polytene chromosome 02
5. Post-Mendelian developments 10
6. Interaction of genes 03
7. Gene expression and genetic code 08
8. Modern concept of gene 08
TOTAL LECTURES 39
PRACTICALS BASED ON THEORY
SIXTH SEMESTER
THEORY
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND ECONOMIC BOTANY
GROUP -- A
1. Ecological factors 2. Plant ecosystem (grassland and forests) 3. Ecological Pyramids 4. Flow of energy in ecosystem 5. Major vegetational belts in India
GROUP – B
1. Important agricultural and horticultural plants of the country With reference to cereals, vegetables, spices, fruits 08
2. A brief idea about the Lac host and tassar In Jharkhand 06
3. Ethno botany: a general idea with special reference to Jharkhand 04 TOTAL LECTURES 40
PRACTICALS BASED ON THEORY
M.Sc. PART I
SEMESTER I
PAPER I
MICROBIOLOGY
1. Salient features of Archaebacteria, Eubacteria and Cyanobacteria 06
2. Structure of bacterial cell 06
3. Nutrition, reproduction and Economic Importance of Bacteria 04
4. Bacterial recombination: conjugation, transduction and transformation 10
5. Structure and multiplication of Bacteriophage and TMV 08
6. Structure and multiplication of viruses of bacteria 06
7. Modes of transmission of viruses in plants 04
8. Economic importance of viruses 02
9. A general account of Mycoplasma and study of plant diseases:
Grassy shoot of sugarcane, Sesamum phylloidi, Little leaf of Brinjal 04
Total lectures 50
PAPER II
FUNGI AND ALGAE
GROUP – A
1. Outline classification of fungi as proposed by Alexopoulus and Mims, 1979 03
3. Origin and evolution of sphorophytes in Pteridophytes- Telome concept 03 4. Heterospory and seed habit 04
Total lectures 57
PAPER IV
GYMNOSPERMS
1. Gymnosperms: an introduction 02
2. Classification of Gymnosperms and their distribution in India as proposed by Pant 04
3. Salient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales, Ephedrales, Welwitschiales, Gnetales 18
4. Fossils: Mode of preservation, geological time-table, Indian fossils 05
5. Salient features of Pteridospermales: Lyginopteridaceae, Medullosaceae, Caytoniaceae, Glossopteridaceae 12
6. Salient features of Cycadeoidales and Cordaitales 10
Total lectures 51
PAPER V
PRACTICAL
PAPER VI
PRACTICAL
SEMESTER II
PAPER VII
CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
GROUP – A (CELL BIOLOGY)
1. Structure of model membrane, lipid bilayer and membrane protein diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, active transport, membrane pumps, mechanism of sorting and regulation of intracellular transport, electrical properties of membranes. 12
2. Structure of nucleus and nuclear wall 04
3. Other cellular organelles: structure and functions of microbodies, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum. 04
4. Cell cycle: Mechanism and control of cell division 08
5. Chromatin organization: Chromosome structure, types (ring chromosomes, iso, pseudoiso types) and packaging of DNA, molecular organization of centromere and telomere, nucleolus and ribosomal RNA genes, Euchromatin and heterochromatin, karyotype analysis, banding patterns, specialized types of chromosome, Polytene, Lampbrush, B chromosome and sex chromosome pairing. 20
GROUP – B (GENETICS)
1. Mutations : spontaneous and induced mutation ,physical and chemical mutagens , molecular basis of gene mutation, transposable elements in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, mutation induced by transposons, site –directed mutagenesis, DNA damage And repair mechanisms, inherited human diseases and defects in DNA repair, Initiations of cancer at cellular level, proto – oncogenes and oncogenes. 12
2. Polyploidy: auto and allopolyploidy, Cytonogetics of aneuploids and structural heterozygotes : effects of aneuploidy on phenotype in plants ,transmission of monosomic and trisomic and their use in chromosome mapping of diploid and polyploid species, breeding behaviour and genetics of structural heterozygotes ,translocation tester sets ,Robertsonian translocation, B-A translocations. Origin, occurrence, production of autopolyploids, chromosome and chromatin segregation,
allopolyploids, genome constitution and characterization of Trisomics and Monosomics. 20
3. Chromosomal Aberration: Structural and Numerical alterations in chromosomes, meiotic behavior of duplication, deficiency, inversion and translocation heterozygotes. 04
Total lectures 84
PAPER VIII
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
1. DNA replication, repair and recombination (Unit of replication, enzymes involved, replication origin and replication fork, fidelity of replication, extrachromosomal replicons, DNA damage and repair mechanisms, homologous and site-specific recombination). 10
2. RNA synthesis and processing (transcription factors and machinery, formation of initiation complex, transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases, capping, elongation, and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing, and polyadenylation, structure and function of different types of RNA, RNA transport). 10
3. Protein synthesis and processing (Ribosome, formation of initiation complex, initiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors, termination, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, and translational proof-reading, translational inhibitors, Post- translational modification of proteins). 10
4. Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level (regulating the expression of phages, viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, role of chromatin in gene expression and gene silencing). 10
5. Cell signaling Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial and plant two-component systems, light signaling in plants, bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing. 05
6. Techniques in cell biology: Immunotechniques, in situ hybridization to locate transcripts in cell types, FISH, GISH, Confocal microscopy. 05
PAPER IX
TAXONOMY
GROUP – A
1. Taxonomy: definition, purpose and scope 06 2. Literature on taxonomy 06 3. Origin of angiosperms 04 4. Classification of angiosperms : Benthem and Hooker system, Engler and Prantl
System, Hutchinson system and Takhtajan system of classification and its Comparison 10
5. Plant nomenclature : need and scope, history of nomenclature, ICBN- principles, rules and recommendations 08
6. Taxonomic evidences: anatomy in relation to taxonomy, palynology in relation to taxonomy, Embryology in relation to taxonomy and cytology in relation to taxonomy08
7. Modern trends in plant taxonomy 06
8. Study of plants of different families available in Jharkhand: Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Capparidaceae, Meliaceae, Leguminoceae, Apiaceae, Rubiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Catharanthaceae, Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae 20
PAPER X
ECOLOGY
1. Climate, soil and vegetation pattern of the world: Life zones: major biomes and major vegetation and soil types of the world. 08
2. Vegetation organization: Concepts of community and continuum; analysis of communities; community coefficients;inter specific associations, concepts of Ecological niche 10
3. Vegetation development: mechanism of ecological succession; changes in ecosystem properties during succession 06
4. Ecosystem organization; structure and functions; primary productions(methods of measurement, global pattern, controlling factors); global bio-geo-chemical cycles of C, N, P, S; mineral cycles (pathways, processes, budgets) in terrestrial and aquatic
Ecosystems 10
5. Biological diversity: concept and levels; role of biodiversity in ecosystem functions and stability; IUCN categories of threat 07
6. Phytogeography 06
Total lectures 47
PAPER XI
PRACTICAL
PAPER XII
PRACTICAL
M.Sc. PART II
SEMESTER III
PAPER XIII
EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY
GROUP – A
1. Microspore and Microsporogenesis; Megaspore and Megasporogenesis
04 2. Development of male and female gametophyte
06 3. Germination of pollen grains, path of pollen tube and its entry
Into embryo sac, double fertilization and pollen-pistil interaction 04
4. Endosperm and its types, morphological nature of endosperm 02
5. Embryogenesis, development of monocot and dicot embryo 04
6. Apomixis and polyembryony 04
7. Morphogenesis and organogenesis in plants: Organization of shoot and root apical meristem; shoot and root development; leaf development and phyllotaxy; transition to flowering, floral meristems and floral development. 04
GROUP – B
1. Cambium: normal and anomalous secondary growth 06
2. Ecological Anatomy 06
3. Periderm 02
4. Mechanical tissue and their distribution 04
Total lectures 46
PAPER XIV
GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
GROUP – A
1. Biotechnology: basic concepts, principles and scope 04
2. Recombinant DNA-technology: gene cloning, principle and techniques 08
4. Genetic engineering of plants: aims, strategies for development Of Transgenic plants with suitable examples 08
5. Agrobacterium- the natural genetic engineer, T-DNA and transposon Mediated gene tagging 06
GROUP – B
1. Plant tissue culture: history, techniques, embryogenesis, Micro propagation and its application 12
2. Anther, Embryo, Endosperm culture and their significance 10
Total lectures 56
PAPER XV
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM
1. Absorption of water: mechanism of active and passive absorption; factors affecting water absorption 05
2. Ascent of sap: mechanism 02
3. Transpiration: stomatal structure and movement; guttation; factors Affecting the rate of transpiration 05
4. Absorption of minerals: anatomy of root, soil profile and soil water, mechanism of absorption: active and passive; factors affecting absorption, Mineral nutrition of plants, deficiency symptoms and diseases, macro and micro nutrients, chelating agents 10
5. Translocation of solutes: substances translocated in phloem, direction and speed of translocation, mechanism of phloem transport, transport of ions; factors affecting translocation 06
6. Stress physiology – Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic (water, temperature and salt) stresses. 05
responses and mechanism of action of Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene Abscissic acid 10
8. Sensory photobiology - Structure, function and mechanisms of action of phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement; photoperiodism and biological clocks. 06
Total lectures 49
PAPER XVI
BIOCHEMISTRY
1. Structures & function of primary metabolites: Carbohydrates, proteins, fats. 06
2. Structures and function of secondary metabolites : Terpenoids, phenols & alkaloids. 02
6. Nitrogen metabolism: amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis in pro & eukaryotes, genetic code polypeptide chain, nitrogen fixation in free living and symbiotic bacteria.06
1. Environment and pollution: general concept and impact on human beings 04 2. Air, water and soil pollution: kinds, sources; quality parameters: effect
On plants and ecosystems and control measures 14 3. Climate change: Greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O,CFCs; sources, trends and role)
Ozone layer and ozone hole 10
4. Ecosystem stability: Concept (resistance and resilience); ecological perturbations (Natural and anthropogenic) and their impact on plants and ecosystems, Ecosystem restoration 08
6. Energy resources: conventional and non-conventional 06
Total lectures 48
PAPER XX
PLANT RESOURCE UTILIZATION, BIOSTATISTICS AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
GROUP – A
1. Origin, evolution, botany, cultivation and uses of ; (a) food crops, (b) fiber, forage and Fodder crops, (c) medicinal and aromatic plants, (d) vegetables and oil yielding crops 08
2. Plants yielding timber, tannins, dyes, resins and fruits 05
3. Plants used as revenue trees for shade, pollution control and aesthetics 02
GROUP – B
1. Presentation of biological data in tables, graphs, histograms and pie chart 04
2. Concept of statistical analysis in biology 04
3. Preliminary ideas about mean, mode, median, standard deviation Probability, correlation, trends 04
GROUP – C
1. Principles of conservation 06
2. Strategies for conservation: in situ conservation; international efforts and Indian initiatives; Protected areas in India- sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves, wet lands, Mangroves and coral reefs for conservation of wild biodiversity 12
3. Strategies for conservation: ex situ conservation; principles and practices; botanical gardens, Field gene banks, seed banks; in vitro repositories, cryo banks; general account of the activities of Botanical Survey of India(BSI), National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources(NBPGR), Indian Council of Agricultural research (ICAR), Council of Scientific and industrial research (CSIR), and the department of biotechnology (DBT) for conservation 10
4. Plant biodiversity: concept, status in India, utilization and concerns 05
Total lectures 60
PAPER XXI
SPECIAL PAPER I
PLANT PATHOLOGY – I
1. History and modern approaches to plant pathology 02
2. General symptoms of plant diseases caused by fungi 04
3. Mode of attack: (a) Enzymes: role of enzymes in pathogenesis (b) Toxins: types and their role in pathogenesis
08 4. Physiology of diseased plants with special reference to:
(a) Osmo-regulation (b) Respiration
(c) Photosynthesis (d) Nitrogen and phenol metabolism
(a) Cultural practices (b) Biological (c) Chemical control (fungicide) (d) Plant quarantine
14
Total lectures 50
PAPER XXII
SPECIAL PAPER II
PLANT PATHOLOGY – II
1. Important plant diseases caused by the fungi (symptoms, etiology and control): (a) Downy mildew of maize (b) Powdery mildew of pea (c) Loose smut of wheat (d) Covered smut of barley (e) Whip-smut of sugarcane (f) Linseed rust (g) Tikka disease of groundnut (h) Wilt of arhar (i) Blast of rice (j) False smut of rice (k) Red rot of sugarcane (l) Early blight of potato
24 2. Important diseases of Bacteria: 3. Important viral diseases: 4. Important diseases caused by Nematodes: