Jamie M. Martin-Hayden Associate Professor

Jamie M. Martin-HaydenAssociate Professor

Jamie M. Martin-HaydenAssociate Professor

(419) [email protected]

HydrogeologyEEES 4410/5410EEES 4410/5410

HydrogeologyEEES 4410/5410EEES 4410/5410

Ground WaterThe Unseen Part of the Water Cycle

Salt Groundwater

Aquifer

Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsHydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsEarth materials

• Rock• Sediment (Soil)• Water

Geologic processes• Form,• Distribute and• Change earth materials• Water is a primary agent of

many (all?) geologic processes

Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsHydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsInteractions go both ways• Groundwater controls

geologic processes• Geology controls flow

and availability of groundwater

Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsHydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsGeology controls groundwater flow

Permeable pathways are controlled by distributions of geological materials

Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsHydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsGeology controls groundwater flow

Permeable pathways are controlled by distributions of geological materials

Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsHydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsGeology controls groundwater flow

Permeable pathways are controlled by distributions of geological materials

Where groundwater is available as a resource is controlled by geology

Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsHydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions

Permeable pathways are controlled by distributions of geological materials

Where groundwater is available as a resource is controlled by geology

Contaminant transport in the subsurface is controlled by geology

Geology controls groundwater flow

Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsHydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions

Groundwater controls geologic processes

Volcanic Processes: Groundwater controls water

content of magmas Groundwater injected by

magmas can metamorphose country rocks

Geysers are an example of volcanic activity interacting with groundwater

Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsHydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth InteractionsGroundwater controls geologic processes

Earthquakes: fluids control fracturing and fault movement, lubrication and pressures

Landslides: groundwater controls slope failure Landforms: Valley development and karst topography

Trends in population and freshwater withdrawals by source, 1950-2000.

Trends in total water withdrawals by water-use category, 1950-2000.

Ohio Groundwater Law

1843: Acton v. Blundell “English Rule”

The landowner can pump groundwater at any rate even if an adjoining property owner were harmed.

1843: Acton v. Blundell “English Rule”

The landowner can pump groundwater at any rate even if an adjoining property owner were harmed.

1861: Frazier v. Brown English Rule in Ohio

Groundwater is

“…occult and concealed…”

and legislation of its use is

“…practically impossible.”

1861: Frazier v. Brown English Rule in Ohio

Groundwater is

“…occult and concealed…”

and legislation of its use is

“…practically impossible.”

Wisconsin Groundwater Law

1903: Huber v. Merkel

English Rule in Wisconsin

A property owner can pump unlimited amounts of groundwater,

even with malicious harm to a neighbor.

1903: Huber v. Merkel

English Rule in Wisconsin

A property owner can pump unlimited amounts of groundwater,

even with malicious harm to a neighbor.

1974: Wisconsin v. Michels Pipeline Constructors Inc.

English Rule Overturned

  Landowners no longer have

“an absolute right to use with impunity all water that can be pumped from the subsoil underneath.”

1974: Wisconsin v. Michels Pipeline Constructors Inc.

English Rule Overturned

  Landowners no longer have

“an absolute right to use with impunity all water that can be pumped from the subsoil underneath.”

English Rule Overturned in Ohio

1984: Cline v. American Aggregates English Rule overturned in Ohio

  Justice Holmes: “Scientific

knowledge in the field of hydrology has advanced in the past decade…” so it

  “…can establish the cause and

effect relationship of the tapping of underground water to the existing water level.”

1984: Cline v. American Aggregates English Rule overturned in Ohio

  Justice Holmes: “Scientific

knowledge in the field of hydrology has advanced in the past decade…” so it

  “…can establish the cause and

effect relationship of the tapping of underground water to the existing water level.”

Today: Lingering effects of English Rule

It is very difficult to prove cause and effect to be defensible in court.

Today: Lingering effects of English Rule

It is very difficult to prove cause and effect to be defensible in court.

Who Uses Ground Water?

Eg. Groundwater use in Ohio

Most available freshwater is ground water

Oceans97.2%

Atmosphere0.0001%

0.61%(97%)

Streams and Lakes

0.01%(3%)

The Hydrologic Cycle

The Hydrologic Cycle

Ocean (salt water)

Evaporation &Transpiration

Precipitation

Overland flow

Infiltration

Ground Water (Ground-Water Flow)

Baseflow

Fresh Surface Water(Lakes, Streams, wetlands) Stream flow (runoff)

Atmosphere (global moisture transport)

Precipitation

Evaporation

Component

Transfer

Runoff

The Hydrologic Cycle

Ocean 1.32 b km3

Evaporation &Transpiration 70,000 km3

Precipitation 100,000 km3

Overland flow

Infiltration

Ground 8.35 m km3

Water

Baseflow

Fresh Surface Water125,000 km3

(runoff)

Atmosphere 13,000 km3/yr

Evaporation350,000 km3/yr

Component

Transfer

Runoff38,000

Precipitation320,000 km3

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