James Madison 1809-1917
Jan 18, 2016
James Madison
1809-1917
Pre-Presidency
• 2nd Continental Congress
• Constitutional Convention (“Father”)
• Federalist Papers
• Sec. State (Jefferson)
R.I.P. Federalists
• 1789-1815ish
• Hartford Convention
• Regional Party
American System
• Henry Clay
• Internal Improvements– National Road, Erie Canal (?)
• National Defense
• 2nd National Bank (1816)
• Tariff of 1816
• John Randolph (Against = unconstitutional)
Early Issues 1809-1812
• Repeal of Embargo Act
• Passage of Non-Intercourse Act (1809)
• Impressments >> Macon’s Act
• Tecumseh Confederacy
• War Hawks – Expansion– FLA, Canada, Mexico– John C, Calhoun (SC), Henry Clay (KY)
Macon’s Act
• End trade restrictions w/ Brit or France• Whichever stopped violations of
neutrality rights• Napoleon repeals Berlin & Milan
Decrees but French violations cont…• Embargo against Brit.
Renewed>>impressments increase
Causes of the War of 1812
• British: – Blockade of Europe
– Seize American ships
– Impressments
• Tecumseh Confed.– Tippecanoe
Battle of Tippecanoe
• Battle of Tippecanoe
– U.S. Army destroys Shawnee village
– Take heavy losses
– Shawnee Supplied by British
The major battles of the War of 1812
Notable Events of the War
• Death of Tecumseh (1813)• U.S. Navy takes Lake Erie (1813)• British raids along Atlantic Coast (1813-
14)• British burn down Washington D.C.
(1814)• Battle of New Orleans (Andrew Jackson)
(1814)
Hartford Convention
• Proposed Amendments to the Constitution by Federalists
• No embargoes over 60 days
• 2/3 vote of each House required to:– Declare war– Place restrictions on trade– Admit new states to the union
Hartford Convention
• No naturalized citizen shall hold federal office
• Direct taxes & representation in House to be apportioned according to # of free inhabitants
• 1 term limit for Pres
• No successive Presidents from same state
Results of the War
• Treaty of Ghent leaves issues unresolved (“status quo”)
• But…most differences soon resolved between U.S. and Britain
Effects on U.S.
• Nationalism
• Hastens decline of Federalist Party
• Begins “Era of Good Feelings”